CN215840651U - Inactivation device - Google Patents

Inactivation device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN215840651U
CN215840651U CN202122228521.0U CN202122228521U CN215840651U CN 215840651 U CN215840651 U CN 215840651U CN 202122228521 U CN202122228521 U CN 202122228521U CN 215840651 U CN215840651 U CN 215840651U
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lighting
person
lighting operation
light
time
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内藤敬祐
寺田庄一
佐畠健一
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Ushio Denki KK
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Ushio Denki KK
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/24Apparatus using programmed or automatic operation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
    • A61L2/08Radiation
    • A61L2/10Ultraviolet radiation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/16Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
    • A61L9/18Radiation
    • A61L9/20Ultraviolet radiation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2202/00Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
    • A61L2202/10Apparatus features
    • A61L2202/14Means for controlling sterilisation processes, data processing, presentation and storage means, e.g. sensors, controllers, programs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2202/00Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
    • A61L2202/20Targets to be treated
    • A61L2202/25Rooms in buildings, passenger compartments
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/40Control techniques providing energy savings, e.g. smart controller or presence detection

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
  • Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model provides an inactivation device which can effectively and more appropriately inactivate microorganisms and/or viruses using ultraviolet rays in a wavelength range in which adverse effects on a human body are suppressed. The inactivation device is provided with: a light source unit that emits ultraviolet light having a center wavelength in a wavelength band of 190nm to 235 nm; a sensing unit that senses whether or not a person is present in the target space; and a control unit for controlling the lighting state of the light source unit. The control unit performs control in the following manner: the ultraviolet light control device is provided with a first lighting action executed in a period when the sensing part senses the existence of a person and a second lighting action executed in a period when the sensing part does not sense the existence of the person, and changes the amount of ultraviolet light radiated from the light source part, wherein the average illumination of the ultraviolet light in the first lighting action is controlled to be lower than the average illumination of the ultraviolet light in the second lighting action.

Description

Inactivation device
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an inactivation device for inactivating harmful microorganisms and viruses.
Background
Conventionally, in order to prevent the spread of infectious diseases caused by harmful microorganisms (bacteria, molds, etc.) and viruses, the following operations have been performed: microorganisms and viruses floating in the space, and microorganisms and viruses adhering to various places such as floor surfaces, wall surfaces, and surfaces of objects are inactivated by ultraviolet irradiation.
For example, patent document 1 discloses an indoor sterilizer that is attached to an indoor upper part and irradiates ultraviolet rays in a horizontal direction, an obliquely downward direction, and a downward direction in a room.
The indoor sterilizer described in patent document 1 includes a horizontal irradiation unit and a lower irradiation unit, and can irradiate ultraviolet rays in a horizontal direction, obliquely downward direction, and downward direction. Further, the 254nm ultraviolet ray exemplified in patent document 1 is generally harmful to the human body. Therefore, when a person is present in the room, the ultraviolet light cannot be emitted obliquely downward and downward. When a person is irradiated indoors, the ultraviolet rays are limited to a range in which the person is not irradiated, such as horizontal irradiation to the vicinity of the ceiling.
Patent document 2 discloses a technique for sterilizing a room by irradiating ultraviolet rays from a germicidal lamp for irradiating ultraviolet rays into the room of a toilet, but describes stopping irradiation of ultraviolet rays when presence of a person is sensed. That is, in the conventional technology, when a person enters an area requiring sterilization, it is assumed that irradiation of ultraviolet rays is stopped.
Patent document 3 discloses a technique for inactivating bacteria while substantially avoiding damage to human or animal body cells. Patent document 3 describes that microorganisms in food, air, and purified water can be decomposed by ultraviolet sterilization irradiation, typically ultraviolet rays using UVB or UVC, and that these ultraviolet rays are dangerous to humans and other living things. Further, it is described that: ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of over 240nm cause damage to DNA in the nucleus of a human body; ultraviolet rays have different cell penetration forces depending on the wavelength, and the smaller the penetration force of short-wavelength radiation, the less harmful the ultraviolet rays are to human cells. Further, as a specific example, it is shown that microorganisms and viruses are selectively inactivated without damaging cells of human and animals by using ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 200nm to 230 nm.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2018-130131
Patent document 2: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 10-248759
Patent document 3: japanese Kohyo publication No. 2018-517488
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Problem to be solved by utility model
Patent document 3 discloses that ultraviolet light of 190nm to 235nm is used as ultraviolet light for suppressing harmful effects on humans and animals, and that ultraviolet light having a wavelength band shorter than 240nm is used to inactivate microorganisms and viruses more efficiently.
Means for solving the problems
In order to solve the above problem, an aspect of the inactivation device of the present invention is an inactivation device including: a light source unit that emits ultraviolet light having a center wavelength in a wavelength band of 190nm to 235 nm; a sensing unit that senses whether or not a person is present in the target space; and a control unit that controls a lighting state of the light source unit, the control unit controlling: the control device is provided with a first lighting action executed in a period when the sensing part senses the existence of a person and a second lighting action executed in a period when the sensing part does not sense the existence of the person, and changes the amount of ultraviolet rays radiated from the light source part, wherein the average illumination of the ultraviolet rays in the first lighting action is controlled to be lower than the average illumination of the ultraviolet rays in the second lighting action.
By emitting ultraviolet light in a wavelength range of 190nm to 235nm, which has little adverse effect on cells of humans and animals, it is possible to inactivate microorganisms and viruses by performing the first lighting operation and irradiating predetermined ultraviolet light even during a period in which the presence of humans is sensed in the target space. Further, the second lighting operation is performed while the presence of a person is not sensed in the target space, and the microorganisms and viruses in the target space can be inactivated more effectively by performing the second lighting operation with a higher average ultraviolet light illuminance. That is, the lighting state is changed between the manned period and the unmanned period, and ultraviolet irradiation is performed more appropriately.
The "average illuminance" herein may be a value obtained by dividing an integrated value of illuminance for a predetermined period by the predetermined period when ultraviolet light is continuously emitted. In the case of periodic lighting, the integrated value of the ultraviolet illuminance per one cycle may be divided by the time of one cycle. In the case of non-periodic random lighting, the integrated value of the illuminance during a predetermined period may be divided by the predetermined period.
Further, the second lighting operation may be controlled to be stopped after a predetermined time has elapsed while the sensing unit does not sense the presence of a person.
The "fixed time" is set to a time sufficient to inactivate microorganisms and viruses present in the target space, specifically, a time sufficient to irradiate the selected lighting operation mode with ultraviolet light to such an extent that the inactivation rate is 90% or more, preferably 99% or more, and more preferably 99.9% or more. The amount of ultraviolet light required for inactivation differs depending on the target microorganism or virus, and is appropriately changed depending on the type of the target microorganism or virus.
Thus, in an unmanned period in which the sensing portion does not sense the presence of a person, the ultraviolet light is turned off after a necessary amount of ultraviolet light irradiation is reached, so that unnecessary ultraviolet light irradiation can be reduced. In particular, in the absence of a human, bacteria and viruses are not newly introduced into the target space through the human, and thus the inactivated state in the target space is not deteriorated.
In addition, when inactivating bacteria using ultraviolet rays, consideration must be given to "light recovery of bacteria". The following bacteria are present among the bacteria: even after DNA is damaged by ultraviolet irradiation, the DNA is irradiated with light having a wavelength of 300 to 500nm (including a visible light region) to repair the damage of the DNA. This phenomenon is caused by the action of a photorecoverable enzyme (e.g., FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide)) possessed by bacteria, and is referred to as "bacterial photorecovery".
However, it was confirmed that when the bacteria were inactivated by irradiation with ultraviolet rays having a central wavelength of 190nm to 235nm, for example, ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 222nm, light recovery of the bacteria was not performed even when visible light was irradiated after the ultraviolet irradiation. This effect is considered to be due to the fact that ultraviolet rays having a wavelength band shorter than 240nm are efficiently absorbed by cell membranes of bacteria and viruses and proteins which are components of enzymes. More specifically, ultraviolet light having a wavelength band shorter than 240nm is absorbed by the skin surface (e.g., stratum corneum) of a human being, hardly permeates into the skin, and is highly safe for the skin, but bacteria and viruses are physically much smaller than human cells, and ultraviolet light easily reaches the inside even in a wavelength band shorter than 240 nm. Therefore, it is considered that the compound can effectively act on cells constituting bacteria and viruses, particularly cell membranes containing protein components, enzymes, and the like, and the effect of inhibiting the light recovery and other functions of bacteria is enhanced.
That is, if bacteria are inactivated by ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 190nm to 235nm during the unmanned period, the survival amount of the bacteria is not restored by visible light irradiation even if the ultraviolet irradiation is stopped thereafter.
Therefore, after the inactivation in the target space is performed by the ultraviolet irradiation for a certain period of time, the inactivated state is easily maintained even if the ultraviolet irradiation is stopped, and the power consumption of the inactivation device can be suppressed. Further, the ultraviolet rays are not excessively irradiated to the components (for example, wallpaper, daily utensils, and the like) existing in the target space.
Further, the first lighting operation may be performed when the sensing unit senses the presence of a person after the second lighting operation is stopped.
Even if a necessary amount of ultraviolet light is irradiated into the target space after the second lighting operation is continued for a certain period of time, there is a possibility that microorganisms and viruses are newly introduced into the target space via a person. This hinders the inactivated state, and therefore ultraviolet irradiation during the human can be performed by performing the first lighting action again. This can keep the inactivation level in the target space high.
After the second lighting operation is stopped, if the sensing unit senses the presence of a person, the lighting apparatus may wait again until the sensing unit does not sense the presence of a person, and if the sensing unit does not sense the presence of a person, the lighting apparatus may execute the second lighting operation.
In this case, it is also assumed that, when a new person enters the target space after the second lighting operation has been performed for a certain period of time, there is a possibility that microorganisms and viruses are newly taken in via the person, but when the ultraviolet ray amount of the person approaches the upper limit value, the ultraviolet ray irradiation may be performed not directly on the person but on the microorganisms and viruses remaining in the target space at a timing when the person is not present again, and safer startup control assuming the allowable limit value of the ultraviolet ray amount of the person can be realized.
Further, the distance from the light emission surface of the light source unit to the inactivation target may be h, and the illuminance of ultraviolet light on the surface separated by the distance h from the light emission surface may be Ih(mW/cm2) Setting the amount of ultraviolet rays required for inactivation of the inactivation target as E (mJ/cm)2) The certain time is a time for which the irradiation time h (sec) calculated by the following equation is performed.
H=E/(0.6×Ih)
In this case, microorganisms and viruses existing in the target space can be sufficiently inactivated. The amount of ultraviolet light required for inactivation herein means an amount of ultraviolet light that can achieve inactivation of 90% or more by ultraviolet irradiation, more preferably 99% or more by ultraviolet irradiation, and still more preferably 99.9% or more by ultraviolet irradiation.
The average illuminance of the ultraviolet light in the first lighting operation and the second lighting operation may be controlled by changing a ratio of a lighting time to a lighting-off time of the light source unit.
Further, the first lighting operation may be controlled to perform an intermittent operation in which a lighting time during which the light source unit is turned on and a turning-off time during which the light source unit is turned off are alternately repeated, and when the sensing unit senses the presence of a person and switches to the first lighting operation, the turning-off time may be started first, and then the lighting time may be started.
Thus, when the period in which the presence of a person is sensed by the sensing unit and the period in which the presence of a person is not sensed are frequently switched in a short time, for example, even at a timing when there is a large number of people, it is easy to ensure an appropriate turning-off time, and malfunction of the lighting operation can be suppressed.
Therefore, even when the person frequently moves, the light source unit does not frequently perform the blinking operation.
In addition, the average illuminance of ultraviolet light in the first lighting operation and the second lighting operation may be controlled by adjusting the voltage applied to the light emitter provided in the light source unit. In addition, the average illuminance of ultraviolet light in the first lighting operation and the second lighting operation may be controlled by adjusting the frequency of the voltage applied to the light emitting body provided in the light source unit.
In this way, the average illuminance of ultraviolet light in the first lighting operation and the second lighting operation can be achieved by various control methods.
In addition, an aspect of the inactivation method according to the present invention is an inactivation method for controlling a lighting state of a light source unit that emits ultraviolet light having a center wavelength in a wavelength band of 190nm to 235nm, the inactivation method including the steps of: sensing whether a person is present in the object space; and a control unit configured to perform a first lighting operation while the sensing unit senses the presence of a person and a second lighting operation while the sensing unit does not sense the presence of a person, such that amounts of ultraviolet rays emitted from the light source unit are different, wherein an average illuminance of ultraviolet rays in the first lighting operation is controlled to be lower than an average illuminance of ultraviolet rays in the second lighting operation.
By emitting ultraviolet light in a wavelength range of 190nm to 235nm, which has little adverse effect on cells of humans and animals, it is possible to inactivate microorganisms and viruses by performing the first lighting operation and irradiating predetermined ultraviolet light even during a period in which the presence of humans is sensed in the target space. Further, the second lighting operation is performed while the presence of a person is not sensed in the target space, and the microorganisms and viruses in the target space can be inactivated more effectively by performing the second lighting operation with a higher average ultraviolet light illuminance. That is, the lighting state is changed between the manned period and the unmanned period, and ultraviolet irradiation is performed more appropriately.
Effect of the utility model
According to one embodiment of the present invention, inactivation of microorganisms and/or viruses using ultraviolet light in a wavelength range in which adverse effects on the human body are suppressed can be performed efficiently and more appropriately.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an external view schematically showing the inactivation apparatus according to the present embodiment.
Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram relating to an operation example of the present embodiment.
FIG. 3 shows the results of light recovery experiments using bacteria irradiated with ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 254 nm.
FIG. 4 shows the results of light recovery experiments using bacteria irradiated with ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 222 nm.
Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram relating to an operation example of the present embodiment.
Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram relating to an operation example of the present embodiment.
Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram relating to an operation example of the present embodiment.
Description of the reference numerals
11 … frame, 12 … light emitting surface, 15 … power supply part, 16 … control part, 20 … ultraviolet light source, 21 … discharge vessel, 22 … first electrode, 23 … second electrode, 31 … sensing part, 100 … ultraviolet irradiation device
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is an external view schematically showing an inactivation apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment.
The inactivation device 100 is a device that inactivates microorganisms and viruses present in a space in which humans and animals are present and on the surface of an object in the space by irradiating ultraviolet rays in the space.
Here, the space includes, for example, a space in an office, a commercial facility, a medical facility, a station facility, a school, a government, a theater, a hotel, a restaurant, or the like, and a space in a vehicle such as a car, a train, a bus, a taxi, an airplane, a ship, or the like. The space may be a closed space such as a ward, a meeting room, a toilet, or an elevator, or may be an unsealed space.
The inactivation apparatus 100 irradiates a target space with ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 190 to 235nm (more preferably, ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 200 to 230 nm) which has little adverse effect on cells of humans and animals, thereby inactivating harmful microorganisms and viruses present on the surface of an object or in the space in the target space. Here, the object includes a human body, an animal, and an object. The target space to which ultraviolet light is applied is not limited to a space in which humans and animals are actually present, and includes a space in which humans and animals are not present.
The term "inactivation" as used herein means the killing of microorganisms and viruses (or the loss of infectivity and toxicity).
As shown in fig. 1, the inactivation device 100 includes a light source unit that generates ultraviolet light, a control unit 16 that controls lighting of the light source unit, and a housing 11 that houses the light source unit and the control unit 16. The housing 11 has a light emission surface 12 for emitting ultraviolet light. Specifically, an opening 11a serving as a light exit window for emitting ultraviolet rays is formed. A window member made of, for example, quartz glass is provided in the opening 11a, and ultraviolet rays are emitted from the window member. In addition, a filter or the like for blocking light in an unnecessary wavelength band may be provided in the opening 11 a.
An excimer lamp 20 is housed as an ultraviolet light source in the housing 11. The excimer lamp 20 may be, for example, a KrCl excimer lamp emitting ultraviolet rays having a central wavelength of 222 nm. The ultraviolet light source is not limited to a KrCl excimer lamp, and may be any light source that emits ultraviolet light in a wavelength range of 190nm to 235 nm. Further, the housing 11 and the ultraviolet light source (excimer lamp 20) constitute a light source unit.
The UV radiation has a different penetrating power of cells depending on the wavelength, and the smaller the penetrating power is, the shorter the wavelength is. For example, UV radiation having a short wavelength of about 200nm passes through water very efficiently, but is absorbed by the outer parts (cytoplasm) of human cells to a large extent, and may not have enough energy to reach the nucleus containing DNA sensitive to UV radiation. Therefore, the above-mentioned UV radiation of short wavelength has less adverse effect on human cells. On the other hand, ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of more than 240nm may cause damage to DNA in the nucleus of a human body. In addition, ultraviolet light having a wavelength of less than 190nm is known to generate ozone.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, as the ultraviolet light source, an ultraviolet light source that emits ultraviolet light in a wavelength range of 190nm to 235nm that has little adverse effect on the human body and can obtain an inactivation effect and that emits substantially no UVC other than ultraviolet light is used. In addition, as a wavelength band having higher safety, an ultraviolet light source having a peak wavelength in a wavelength region of 200nm to 230nm may be used.
The excimer lamp 20 is provided with a discharge vessel 21 in the form of a straight tube hermetically sealed at both ends. The discharge vessel 21 is made of quartz glass, for example. In addition, a rare gas and a halogen are sealed as a light emitting gas in the discharge vessel 21. In the present embodiment, krypton chloride (KrCl) gas is used as the light-emitting gas. In this case, the peak wavelength of the obtained emission light was 222 nm.
The light-emitting gas is not limited to the above. For example, krypton bromide (KrBr) gas or the like can be used as the light-emitting gas. In the case of a KrBr excimer lamp, the peak wavelength of the emitted light obtained was 207 nm.
In fig. 1, the inactivation device 100 includes a plurality (3) of discharge vessels 21, but the number of discharge vessels 21 is not particularly limited.
A pair of electrodes (a first electrode 22 and a second electrode 23) is arranged in contact with the outer surface of the discharge vessel 21. The first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 are disposed on a side surface (surface in the (-Z direction) opposite to the light extraction surface) of the discharge vessel 21 so as to be separated from each other in the tube axis direction (Y direction) of the discharge vessel 21.
Furthermore, the discharge vessel 21 is arranged to contact and span the two electrodes 22, 22. Specifically, grooves are formed in the two electrodes 22 and 23, and the discharge vessel 21 is fitted into the grooves of the electrodes 22 and 23.
One of the pair of electrodes (for example, the first electrode 22) is a high-voltage side electrode, and the other electrode (for example, the second electrode 23) is a low-voltage side electrode (ground electrode). By applying a high-frequency voltage between the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23, the lamp is turned on.
The light extraction surface of the excimer lamp 20 is disposed opposite to the light exit window. Thus, light emitted from the excimer lamp 20 exits the light emitting face 12 of the inactivating device 100 via the light exit window.
Here, the electrodes 22 and 23 may be made of a metal member having reflectivity with respect to light emitted from the excimer lamp 21. In this case, the light emitted from the discharge vessel 21 in the-Z direction can be reflected and made to travel in the + Z direction.
The filter can be provided in the opening 11a serving as the light exit window as described above. The filter may be, for example, a wavelength selective filter which transmits light having a wavelength range of 190nm to 235nm (more preferably, light having a wavelength range of 200nm to 230 nm) with little adverse effect on the human body and cuts the UVC wavelength band having a wavelength of 236nm to 280 nm. Specifically, the ultraviolet illuminance at a wavelength of 236nm to 280nm is reduced to 1% or less with respect to the ultraviolet illuminance at a peak wavelength in a wavelength band of 190nm to 235 nm. As the wavelength selective filter, for example, a filter having HfO can be used2Layer andSiO2a dielectric multilayer film formed by the layers.
In addition, as the wavelength selective filter, a filter having SiO may be used2Layer and Al2O3A dielectric multilayer film formed by the layers. By providing the filter in the light exit window in this manner, even when light harmful to humans is emitted from the excimer lamp 20, the light can be more reliably prevented from leaking out of the housing 11.
Further, the inactivation device 100 is provided with a sensing portion 31 for sensing the presence of a person in the target space. The sensing part 31 may be integrally formed with the inactivation device 100, or may be sensed by receiving a signal from the outside. As one embodiment, a human motion sensor can be used. The motion sensor may be, for example, a pyroelectric infrared sensor that senses a change in heat (infrared rays) emitted from a human body or the like. In another embodiment, the occupied time and the unoccupied time in the target space in which the use of the person is assumed may be sensed.
As shown in fig. 1, the inactivation device 100 includes a power supply unit 15 and a control unit 16.
The power supply unit 15 includes power supply components such as an inverter to which power from a power supply is supplied, and cooling components such as a radiator for cooling the power supply components. The control unit 16 controls the lighting of the excimer lamp 20 constituting the light source unit.
Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing one aspect of the lighting operation of the present invention.
The control unit 16 controls the first lighting operation to be performed during the presence of a person and the second lighting operation to be performed during the absence of a person so that the average illuminance of ultraviolet light emitted from the light source unit is different between a period in which the presence of a person is sensed in the target space (hereinafter, also referred to as a person-presence period) and a period in which the presence of a person is not sensed in the target space (hereinafter, also referred to as an absence period) based on the signal from the sensing unit 31. As shown in fig. 2, when ultraviolet rays are continuously emitted, the average illuminance is a value obtained by dividing the integrated value of the illuminance for a predetermined period by the predetermined period.
Performing ultraviolet leveling with a first lighting actionThe lighting control is performed such that the lighting with the relatively low average illuminance and the lighting with the relatively high average illuminance of the ultraviolet rays are performed by the second lighting operation. For example, the average illuminance in the first lighting operation may be set to 1 μ W/cm2Hereinafter, the average illuminance in the second lighting operation is more than 1 μ W/cm2The manner of the value of (c) controls the lighting state.
According to ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial scientists) and JIS Z8812 (method for measuring harmful ultraviolet radiation), an allowable Limit Value (TLV) is determined for each wavelength with respect to the amount of ultraviolet radiation irradiated to a human body every day (8 hours), and the illuminance and the amount of ultraviolet radiation irradiated per predetermined time are determined to such an extent that the allowable Limit Value is not exceeded. The allowable limit value may be modified in the future, but for example, the average illuminance in the first lighting operation performed during the existence of a person may be a value at which the ultraviolet irradiation amount does not exceed the allowable limit value even if the irradiation is continued for 8 hours.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, when the human presence period is switched to the unmanned period at time t1, the first lighting operation is switched to the second lighting operation, and the average illuminance is switched from the low illuminance to the high illuminance. After that, when the unmanned period is switched to the occupied period at time t2, the second lighting operation is switched to the first lighting operation, and the average illuminance is switched from the high illuminance to the low illuminance.
Therefore, the second lighting operation with a higher average ultraviolet light illuminance is performed while no human is present in the target space, and thus microorganisms and viruses in the target space can be inactivated more efficiently. Further, even during the period in which the presence of a human being is sensed in the target space, the first lighting operation is performed to irradiate predetermined ultraviolet rays, thereby inactivating microorganisms and viruses.
As shown in fig. 2, the second lighting operation may be controlled to be stopped (turned off) after the operation for a predetermined fixed time period has ended. That is, as shown in fig. 2, after the human presence period is switched to the unmanned period at time t3, the irradiation of ultraviolet light may be stopped at time t4 when a certain time has elapsed.
In the absence of a person, inactivation in the space can be achieved as long as necessary and sufficient ultraviolet irradiation is performed in the target space. Therefore, when it is difficult to assume that microorganisms or viruses newly enter the target space via a human, the lighting operation is stopped (turned off), and excessive ultraviolet irradiation into the target space can be suppressed. This can suppress power consumption. In addition, the light emitting operation time of the light source unit can be reduced, and the service life of the inactivation device 100 can be extended.
The second lighting operation is stopped, and inactivation of bacteria is assumed. When inactivating bacteria using ultraviolet rays, consideration must be given to "light recovery of bacteria". The following bacteria are present among the bacteria: even after DNA is damaged by ultraviolet irradiation, the DNA is irradiated with light having a wavelength of 300 to 500nm (including a visible light region) to repair the damage of the DNA. This phenomenon is caused by the action of a photorecoverable enzyme (e.g., FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide)) possessed by bacteria, and is referred to as "bacterial photorecovery".
However, it was confirmed that when the bacteria were inactivated by irradiation with ultraviolet rays having a central wavelength of 190nm to 235nm, for example, ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 222nm, light recovery of the bacteria was not performed even when visible light was irradiated after the ultraviolet irradiation. That is, if bacteria are inactivated by ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 190nm to 235nm during the unmanned period, the survival amount of the bacteria is not restored by visible light irradiation even if the ultraviolet irradiation is stopped thereafter.
Therefore, after the inactivation in the target space is performed by the ultraviolet irradiation for a certain period of time, the inactivated state is easily maintained even if the irradiation of the ultraviolet is stopped, and the power consumption of the inactivation device 100 can be suppressed. Further, the ultraviolet rays are not excessively irradiated to the components (for example, wallpaper, daily utensils, and the like) existing in the target space. This is an effect which cannot be achieved with the low-pressure mercury lamps (main wavelength 254nm) known hitherto as germicidal lamps.
FIGS. 3 and 4 show the results of the verification of the effect of inactivating bacteria using a KrCl excimer lamp having a wavelength of 200 to 230nm (dominant wavelength of 222nm) and a low-pressure mercury lamp having a dominant wavelength of 254 nm.
FIG. 3 shows the results of a light recovery test using bacteria irradiated with ultraviolet light using a low-pressure mercury lamp having a dominant wavelength of 254nm, and FIG. 4 shows the results of a light recovery test using bacteria irradiated with ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 200 to 230nm (dominant wavelength of 222 nm). Here, staphylococcus aureus was used as a bacterium to be inactivated, and ultraviolet irradiation was performed in an environment where visible light including light having a wavelength of 300nm to 500nm was irradiated, and a change in the survival rate of the bacterium after ultraviolet irradiation was confirmed. Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that has a photo-restoration enzyme and is restored by light that produces bacteria when irradiated with visible light.
In fig. 3 and 4, the horizontal axis represents elapsed time (h) and the vertical axis represents log survival rate of bacteria. In FIGS. 3 and 4, the results of experiments a to d show that the ultraviolet irradiation dose is set to 0mJ/cm2、5mJ/cm2、10mJ/cm2、15mJ/cm2The survival rate of the bacteria in the case (2) is changed. Here, the irradiation time of ultraviolet light was set to 30 minutes, and then the irradiation of ultraviolet light was stopped, and a change in the survival rate of bacteria was confirmed.
As shown in fig. 3, the survival rate of the bacteria increased with the passage of time. That is, in an environment where visible light is irradiated, light recovery of bacteria is performed after ultraviolet irradiation at a wavelength of 254 nm. Specifically, the survival number of the bacteria is largely recovered in about 1 to 2 hours by irradiation with visible light.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, when ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 222nm was irradiated, recovery of the bacteria was not confirmed even when visible light was irradiated. That is, light recovery of the bacteria is hindered.
Bacteria in which light recovery is inhibited are in a state of DNA damage, and thus are inactivated without growing. Ultraviolet irradiation with a wavelength of 222nm is effective in reducing recovery and proliferation of bacteria. Therefore, an inactivation system that performs ultraviolet irradiation with a wavelength of 222nm effectively functions particularly in an environment where light recovery of bacteria is easy, specifically, in an environment where visible light including light with a wavelength of 300nm to 500nm is irradiated.
As described above, the inactivation device 100 according to the present invention controls the lighting operation to be changed between the manned period and the unmanned period, and the lighting operation in the unmanned period is turned off after a predetermined time has elapsed to allow sufficient ultraviolet irradiation in the target space, thereby achieving more efficient inactivation.
The time (fixed time) during which the second lighting operation continues can be calculated, for example, as follows.
The ultraviolet ray amount (mJ/cm) at which 90% or more, more desirably 99% or more, of microorganisms and viruses to be inactivated can be inactivated2) E, and I represents the illuminance of a region separated by 50cm from the light-emitting surface 1250When the distance from the light irradiation surface 12 to the object to be inactivated (inactivation object) is H, the irradiation time H required for sufficient inactivation may be calculated based on the following calculation formula (1).
The necessary irradiation time H ═ E/(0.6 × I)50×(50/h)2)···(1)
In the above formula (1), I50×(50/h)2The illuminance I of ultraviolet rays on a surface separated from the light-emitting surface 12 by a distance hh. That is, the irradiation time H is set to a time at which the inactivation target can be inactivated in an area (60% illuminance area) where the illuminance of ultraviolet light is 60% with respect to the maximum illuminance of ultraviolet light on the surface separated by the distance H from the light irradiation surface 12.
For example, the illuminance in a region separated by 50cm from the light-emitting surface 12 is 53.6. mu.W/cm2The specified 99% inactivation of the virus required UV-radiation is 2mJ/cm2When the distance H from the light irradiation surface 12 to the object is 200cm, the irradiation time H required is 995 seconds (about 17 minutes). In the case where the second lighting operation performs an intermittent operation in which the lighting time and the turning-off time are alternately repeated, the driving time of the second lighting operation required when the lighting time is 15 seconds and the turning-off time is 30 seconds can be estimated to be 0.8 hours. By such calculation, the time during which the second lighting operation continues may be determined so that the driving time is 0.8 hours or more(for a certain period of time). Here, the fixed time may be set to 1 hour, for example. When the deactivation rate is set to a higher value (e.g., 99.9%), the constant time period needs to be set longer.
As shown in fig. 2, the first lighting operation may be executed when the presence of a person is sensed by the sensing unit 31 after the second lighting operation is stopped. That is, as shown in fig. 2, after the second lighting operation is stopped at time t4, if the presence of a person is sensed at time t5, the first lighting operation may be executed at time t 5.
After stopping the second lighting operation, when the presence of a person is sensed by the sensing unit 31, the lighting apparatus may wait again until the presence of a person is no longer sensed by the sensing unit 31, and when the presence of a person is no longer sensed by the sensing unit 31, the second lighting operation may be executed. That is, as shown in fig. 5, after the second lighting operation is stopped at time t4, when the presence of a person is sensed at time t5, the first lighting operation may not be executed at time t5, and when the presence of a person is no longer sensed at time t6, the second lighting operation may be executed.
Here, either one or both of the first lighting operation and the second lighting operation may be performed periodically, and as shown in fig. 6, an intermittent operation may be performed in which the lighting operation and the turning-off operation are alternately repeated (the lighting time during which the light source section is turned on and the turning-off time during which the light source section is turned off are alternately repeated).
Fig. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing one aspect of the lighting operation of the present invention, and shows one aspect in the case where the first lighting operation and the second lighting operation are each intermittently operated. In order to make the average illuminance of ultraviolet light emitted from the light source unit different between a period in which the presence of a person is sensed in the target space (also referred to as a person-present period herein) and a period in which the presence of a person is not sensed in the target space (also referred to as an unmanned period herein), the control unit performs the first lighting operation during the person-present period and performs the second lighting operation during the unmanned period, based on the signal from the sensing unit 31.
The average illuminance here may be determined as an average illuminance per 1 cycle.
That is, as shown in fig. 6, when the periodic intermittent operation is performed, the average illuminance is the illuminance × the duty ratio. Here, the duty ratio is a ratio of the lighting time to the sum of the lighting time and the turning-off time, and is a value represented by the lighting time/(lighting time + turning-off time).
The first lighting operation performs a lighting operation in which the average illuminance of ultraviolet rays is relatively low, and the second lighting operation performs a lighting operation in which the average illuminance of ultraviolet rays is relatively high. For example, the average illuminance in the first lighting operation may be set to 1 μ W/cm2Hereinafter, the average illuminance in the second lighting operation is more than 1 μ W/cm2The manner of the value of (c) controls the lighting state.
As shown in fig. 6, when the human presence period is switched to the unmanned period at time t11, the first lighting operation is switched to the second lighting operation, and the average illuminance is switched from the low illuminance to the high illuminance. Here, the average illuminance is switched from the low illuminance to the high illuminance by shortening the turn-off time in the periodic turn-on/turn-off cycle. After that, when the unmanned period is switched to the occupied period at time t12, the second lighting operation is switched to the first lighting operation, and the average illuminance is switched from the high illuminance to the low illuminance. That is, the extinguishing time becomes long.
Therefore, similarly to the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the second lighting operation with a higher average ultraviolet light illuminance is performed while no human is present in the target space, and thus microorganisms and viruses in the target space can be inactivated more efficiently. Further, even during the period in which the presence of a human being is sensed in the target space, the first lighting operation is performed to irradiate predetermined ultraviolet rays, thereby inactivating microorganisms and viruses.
In addition, as in the embodiment shown in fig. 2, the second lighting operation may be controlled so as to be stopped (turned off) after the operation for a predetermined fixed time period has been completed. That is, as shown in fig. 6, after the human presence period is switched to the unmanned period at time t13, the irradiation of ultraviolet light may be stopped at time t14 when a certain time has elapsed. Here, the above-mentioned fixed time is a time for executing the irradiation time h (sec) calculated by the above-mentioned expression (1).
In the absence of a person, inactivation in the space can be achieved as long as necessary and sufficient ultraviolet irradiation is performed in the target space. Therefore, when it is difficult to assume that microorganisms or viruses newly enter the target space via a human, the lighting operation is stopped (turned off), and excessive ultraviolet irradiation into the target space can be suppressed. This can suppress power consumption. In addition, the light emitting operation time of the light source unit can be reduced, and the service life of the inactivation device 100 can be extended.
As shown in fig. 6, the first lighting operation may be executed when the presence of a person is sensed by the sensing unit 31 after the second lighting operation is stopped. That is, as shown in fig. 6, after the second lighting operation is stopped at time t14, if the presence of a person is sensed at time t15, the first lighting operation may be executed at time t 15.
When the presence of a person is sensed by the sensing unit 31 and the switching to the first lighting operation is performed, the turning-off time may be started first, and then the lighting time may be started. That is, as shown in fig. 7, when the presence of a person is sensed at time t15 after the second lighting operation is stopped at time t14, the lighting time may be started at time t16 after waiting for the turning-off time in the periodic lighting/turning-off cycle.
When the presence or absence of a person greatly changes from the lighting operation to the on operation, the lighting time may become relatively long. Starting from the turn-off time, the turn-on time is easily maintained at an appropriate value.
The average illuminance of ultraviolet light in the first lighting operation and the second lighting operation can be controlled by various control methods such as changing the ratio of the lighting time to the extinguishing time of the light source unit, adjusting the voltage applied to the light emitting body provided in the light source unit, and adjusting the frequency of the voltage applied to the light emitting body provided in the light source unit.
In the first and second lighting operations, when the intermittent operation in which the lighting time and the turning-off time are alternately repeated is performed, the above-described embodiment describes a case in which the ratio of the lighting time and the turning-off time of the light source unit is changed by adjusting the turning-off time.
In the present embodiment, it is proposed to control the second lighting operation to be stopped after a certain time has elapsed while the sensing unit 31 does not sense the presence of a person. This is because the inactivated state is easily maintained by using ultraviolet rays in a wavelength band in which light recovery of bacteria can be suppressed. However, after the second lighting operation is controlled to be stopped, the lighting may be performed again after a predetermined time has elapsed even if a person is not present.
In the target space, there is a high possibility that new bacteria and viruses are taken in via a person, but it is also considered that bacteria and viruses may flow into the space from the outside even if the bacteria and viruses do not pass through the person. In this case, if the light-off time is long, additional control may be performed to maintain the inactivation level in the target space by performing the lighting operation again.
Based on the above findings, the following apparatus configuration and inactivation method can be considered.
For example, the inactivation device may further include: a light source unit that emits ultraviolet light having a center wavelength in a wavelength band of 190nm to 235 nm; a sensing unit that senses whether or not a person is present in the target space; and a control unit that controls a lighting state of the light source unit, wherein the control unit includes a second lighting operation that is executed while the sensing unit does not sense the presence of a person, and the second lighting operation is controlled to stop after a certain time has elapsed while the sensing unit does not sense the presence of a person.
In the above-described inactivation device, the distance from the light emission surface of the light source unit to the target to be inactivated may be h, and the illuminance of ultraviolet light on a surface separated by the distance h from the light emission surface may be Ih(mW/cm2) Violet required for inactivation of said inactivated subjectThe outside amount is E (mJ/cm)2) The certain time is a time for which the irradiation time h (sec) calculated by the following equation is performed.
H=E/(0.6×Ih)
Alternatively, the present invention may be an inactivation method for controlling a lighting state of a light source unit that emits ultraviolet light having a center wavelength in a wavelength band of 190nm to 235nm, the inactivation method including the steps of: sensing whether a person is present in the object space; and performing a second lighting action during a period in which the sensing part does not sense the presence of the person, the second lighting action being controlled to stop after a certain time has elapsed during a period in which the sensing part does not sense the presence of the person.
In the inactivation method, the distance from the light emission surface of the light source unit to the target to be inactivated may be h, and the illuminance of ultraviolet light on a surface separated by the distance h from the light emission surface may be Ih(mW/cm2) Setting the amount of ultraviolet rays required for inactivation of the inactivation target as E (mJ/cm)2) The certain time is a time for which the irradiation time h (sec) calculated by the following equation is performed.
H=E/(0.6×Ih)
In the above configuration, the second lighting operation controlled to be in a period in which the presence of a person is not sensed is stopped after a lapse of a certain time period in a period in which the presence of a person is not sensed by the sensing unit.
The "fixed time" is set to a time sufficient to inactivate microorganisms and viruses present in the target space, specifically, a time sufficient to irradiate the selected lighting operation mode with ultraviolet light to such an extent that the inactivation rate is 90% or more, preferably 99% or more, and more preferably 99.9% or more. The amount of ultraviolet light required for inactivation differs depending on the target microorganism or virus, and is appropriately changed depending on the type of the target microorganism or virus.
Thus, in an unmanned period in which the sensing portion does not sense the presence of a person, the ultraviolet light is turned off after a necessary amount of ultraviolet light irradiation is reached, so that unnecessary ultraviolet light irradiation can be reduced. In particular, in the absence of a human, bacteria and viruses are not newly introduced into the target space through the human, and thus the inactivated state in the target space is not deteriorated.
Further, since the ultraviolet rays having the central wavelength of 190 to 235nm have the effect of suppressing the "light recovery of bacteria" as described above, the inactivated state can be easily maintained even if the irradiation of the ultraviolet rays is stopped after the inactivation in the target space is performed by the irradiation of the ultraviolet rays for a certain period of time. That is, the inactivation can be performed more efficiently, and it is possible to suppress excessive irradiation of ultraviolet rays to components (for example, wallpaper, daily utensils, and the like) present in the target space. This can suppress the power consumption and the service life of the inactivation device.
In the lighting operation described above, the control may be performed as follows: after stopping the second lighting operation, when the sensing portion senses the presence of a person, the stopped state is continued. In this case, the second lighting action is executed while the presence of a person is not sensed again. The second lighting operation may be controlled to stop after a predetermined time has elapsed.
Even if a necessary amount of ultraviolet light is irradiated into the target space after the second lighting operation is continued for a certain period of time, there is a possibility that microorganisms and viruses are newly introduced into the target space via a person. Since this hinders the inactivated state, the first lighting operation may be performed again to perform ultraviolet irradiation during the presence of a person when the presence of a person is sensed by the sensing unit after the second lighting operation is stopped. This can keep the inactivation level in the target space high.
Alternatively, in the lighting operation described above, after the second lighting operation is stopped, a lighting operation different from the first lighting operation and the second lighting operation may be performed when the sensing unit senses the presence of a person. In this case, when the period in which the presence of a person is not sensed again is reached, the second lighting operation is executed. The second lighting operation may be controlled to stop after a predetermined time has elapsed.
According to the above-described aspect, it is possible to effectively and more appropriately inactivate microorganisms and/or viruses using ultraviolet rays in a wavelength range in which adverse effects on the human body are suppressed.

Claims (9)

1. An inactivation device is characterized by comprising:
a light source unit that emits ultraviolet light having a center wavelength in a wavelength band of 190nm to 235 nm;
a sensing unit that senses whether or not a person is present in the target space; and
a control unit for controlling the lighting state of the light source unit,
the control unit performs control in the following manner: a first lighting operation performed during a period in which the sensing unit senses the presence of a person and a second lighting operation performed during a period in which the sensing unit does not sense the presence of a person are provided, and an amount of ultraviolet rays emitted from the light source unit is changed,
the average illuminance of the ultraviolet light in the first lighting operation is controlled to be lower than the average illuminance of the ultraviolet light in the second lighting operation.
2. The inactivation device of claim 1,
the second lighting operation is controlled to stop after a certain time has elapsed while the sensing portion does not sense the presence of a person.
3. The inactivation device of claim 2,
and performing a first lighting action when the sensing part senses the presence of a person after the second lighting action is stopped.
4. The inactivation device of claim 2,
after stopping the second lighting operation, when the sensing part senses the presence of a person, the lighting device waits again until the sensing part no longer senses the presence of a person, and when the sensing part no longer senses the presence of a person, the lighting device performs the second lighting operation.
5. The inactivation device of any of claims 2 to 4,
the distance between the light emitting surface of the light source unit and the inactivation target is h, and the illuminance of ultraviolet light on the surface separated from the light emitting surface by the distance h is Ih(mW/cm2) Setting the amount of ultraviolet rays required for inactivation of the inactivation target as E (mJ/cm)2) When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
the certain time is a time for which the irradiation time h (sec) calculated by the following equation is performed,
H=E/(0.6×Ih)。
6. the inactivation device of any of claims 1 to 4,
the average illuminance of ultraviolet light in the first lighting operation and the second lighting operation is controlled by changing a ratio of a lighting time to a lighting-off time of the light source unit.
7. The inactivation device of any of claims 1 to 4,
the first lighting operation is controlled to perform an intermittent operation of alternately repeating a lighting time during which the light source unit is turned on and a turning-off time during which the light source unit is turned off,
when the sensing unit senses the presence of a person and switches to the first lighting operation, the turning-off time is started first, and then the lighting time is started.
8. The inactivation device of any of claims 1 to 4,
the average illuminance of ultraviolet light in the first lighting operation and the second lighting operation is controlled by adjusting the voltage applied to the light emitter provided in the light source unit.
9. The inactivation device of any of claims 1 to 4,
the average illuminance of ultraviolet light in the first lighting operation and the second lighting operation is controlled by adjusting the frequency of the voltage applied to the light emitter provided in the light source unit.
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