CN215723265U - Plasma melting device applied to on-line ash treatment of rotary kiln - Google Patents
Plasma melting device applied to on-line ash treatment of rotary kiln Download PDFInfo
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- CN215723265U CN215723265U CN202122039146.5U CN202122039146U CN215723265U CN 215723265 U CN215723265 U CN 215723265U CN 202122039146 U CN202122039146 U CN 202122039146U CN 215723265 U CN215723265 U CN 215723265U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a plasma melting device applied to on-line ash treatment of a rotary kiln, which comprises a furnace body, a feeding hole, a grate, a base, a melting tank and a molybdenum electrode heating device, wherein the feeding hole is formed in the furnace body; the feed inlet is arranged at the upper part of the furnace body and is used for receiving bottom slag discharged from an inclined chute of the second combustion chamber; the grate is arranged on a base positioned at the bottom of the furnace body, the grate can eccentrically rotate along the horizontal section of a hearth in the furnace body, and a large material layer of bottom slag accumulated on the grate is crushed by extrusion between the outer wall of the grate and the inner wall of the hearth to form small bottom slag; the melting tank is arranged below the furnace body, and the small bottom slag forms a small material layer on the upper part of the melting tank; the molybdenum electrode heating device is arranged at the lower part of the melting tank and is used for melting and heating the small material layer to form a molten metal layer and a glass liquid layer at the bottom of the melting tank from bottom to top. Therefore, large materials can be directly treated, and the defect that the large materials directly enter the melting furnace is overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of treatment of incineration type hazardous wastes, in particular to a plasma melting device applied to online treatment of ash in a rotary kiln.
Background
At present, the mainstream method for treating hazardous waste of incineration in China is a rotary kiln, and the kiln has the phenomena of low combustion temperature, high secondary waste (fly ash and bottom slag), high dioxin content, high total smoke quantity, high operation cost and the like. The plasma technology is taken as a hot spot technology for processing hazardous waste at present, and a great amount of attempts and applications are obtained in engineering application. Many manufacturers have conceived how to use plasma technology in conjunction with rotary kilns, such as the solutions of patent nos. CN 111853820 a, CN 209991462U, CN 210532392U, etc.
In the prior art, the bottom slag of the rotary kiln is discharged from the tail of the rotary kiln, discharged by a slag conveyor through a wet method and then transferred to a landfill or a related qualified processing unit, so that the cost is high. The technological ideas of the patents are that a plasma device is added on line from the kiln tail of the rotary kiln to the outlet of a secondary combustion chamber to treat bottom slag (the temperature can reach about 800 ℃) and partial ash from the kiln tail. The thought avoids the waste of energy resources caused by the traditional process that the bottom slag is cooled after being discharged from the kiln tail by a wet method. The online plasma melting device can directly heat the bottom slag at about 800 ℃ to 1400 ℃, so that the energy consumption is greatly reduced, and the problem of combining the plasma technology with the rotary kiln is primarily solved to a certain extent. The process idea of the above patent still encounters many problems in engineering practice:
1. dangerous waste (treated objects) collected in the current market of the rotary kiln is worse and worse, the salinity and metal components are increased, and corrosive materials are increased; this causes problems in the operation of the rotary kiln (the inner refractory is often corroded and falls off), the frequency of fault furnace shutdown is higher and higher, the metal-containing component of the bottom slag collected after the kiln tail comes out is high, and the salt content and the metal-containing component of the fly ash collected by the cloth bag and the furnace bottom are also high.
2. Coking in the rotary kiln is serious, and large slag is often discharged from the kiln tail; the large slag blocks are difficult to heat and melt due to overlarge volume (more than half a meter at most), and the influence on the furnace condition immediately after entering the furnace is very large, so the large slag blocks cannot be basically treated in the conventional melting furnace; the particle size of the materials fed into the furnace is required to be about several centimeters in a common melting furnace;
3. in the rotary kiln furnace, the material retention time is short (about half an hour), the temperature is lower, the combustion is incomplete, the carbon content of the outlet bottom slag is high, the content of dioxin in flue gas is high, the traditional plasma melting device has certain requirements on the particle size, the iron content, the carbon content and the salt content of the treated objects (bottom slag and ash) entering the furnace, and the existing treatment device and process technology cannot thoroughly solve the problems.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the utility model and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a plasma melting device applied to the on-line treatment of ash in a rotary kiln, which can better solve the problems through reasonable structural design.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model provides a plasma melting device applied to a rotary kiln for on-line treatment of ash, which is used for treating bottom slag after flue gas from the kiln tail of the rotary kiln enters a secondary combustion chamber, and comprises a furnace body, a feed inlet, a grate, a base, a melting tank and a molybdenum electrode heating device; the feed inlet is arranged at the upper part of the furnace body and is used for receiving bottom slag discharged from an inclined chute of the second combustion chamber; the fire grate is arranged on a base positioned at the bottom of the furnace body, the fire grate can eccentrically rotate along the horizontal section of a hearth in the furnace body, and a large material layer of bottom slag accumulated on the fire grate forms small bottom slag through extrusion between the outer wall of the fire grate and the inner wall of the hearth; the melting tank is arranged below the furnace body, and the small bottom slag forms a small material layer at the lower part of the melting tank; the molybdenum electrode heating device is arranged at the lower part of the melting tank and is used for melting and heating the small material layer to form a molten metal layer and a glass liquid layer at the bottom of the melting tank from bottom to top.
In a preferred embodiment, the grate comprises a tooth-like structure and a blanking hole; the toothed structure is arranged on the outer wall of the fire grate and is used for extruding and crushing large bottom slag with the inner wall of the hearth; the discharging hole is arranged on the discharge surface of the fire grate and is used for discharging the crushed small bottom slag.
In a preferred embodiment, the plasma melting device applied to the rotary kiln for on-line treatment of ash further comprises a plasma torch which is arranged at the middle upper part of the melting tank and used for heating and melting the massive bottom slag which is missed from the grate.
In a preferred embodiment, the plasma melting device applied to the rotary kiln for on-line processing of the ash further comprises a molten glass outlet and a molten metal discharge outlet; the molten glass outlet is arranged at the lower part of the melting tank and is higher than the molybdenum electrode heating device, and the molten glass outlet is used for discharging a molten glass layer; the molten metal outlet is arranged at the bottom of the melting pool and is lower than the molybdenum electrode heating device, and the molten metal outlet is used for discharging the molten metal layer.
In a preferred embodiment, the plasma melting device applied to the on-line treatment of ash in the rotary kiln further comprises a refractory material and a water jacket; the furnace wall of the furnace body is made of refractory materials; the water jacket is arranged in the furnace wall at the lower part of the furnace body, and the height of the water jacket is matched with that of the fire grate.
In a preferred embodiment, the plasma melting device applied to the rotary kiln for online processing of the ash further comprises a smoke outlet arranged at the top of the furnace body, and smoke generated by the plasma melting device is discharged from the smoke outlet.
In a preferred embodiment, the plasma melting device applied to the rotary kiln for online processing of the ash further comprises a flue gas circulating system, one end of the flue gas circulating system is communicated with the smoke outlet, the other end of the flue gas circulating system is communicated with the second combustion chamber of the rotary kiln, and the flue gas circulating system is used for retreating the flue gas.
In a preferred embodiment, the plasma melting device applied to the on-line ash treatment of the rotary kiln further comprises an auxiliary material adding port, the auxiliary material adding port is arranged on the inclined chute, and the auxiliary material adding port is used for adding auxiliary materials into the inclined chute to reduce the melting point of the bottom ash so as to improve the flowability of the bottom ash.
Compared with the prior art, the plasma melting device applied to the rotary kiln on-line ash treatment has the following beneficial effects: the plasma melting furnace adopts the tower type eccentric grate made of high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant materials, large materials can be broken into small materials by the aid of extrusion between eccentric rotation of the grate and the inner wall of the hearth, and then the small materials enter the lower portion of the hearth through the grate discharging holes, so that the defect that the large materials directly enter the melting furnace is overcome, and the particle size of the materials entering the melting area of the lower portion of the hearth can stably meet the requirement of a melting pool. The plasma torch arranged at the upper part in the melting tank can be used for supplementing heat and melting a small amount of large materials; the molybdenum electrode heating device arranged at the lower part can directly heat the molybdenum electrode deeply into the melting tank, so that the efficiency is high and the temperature is more uniform. The small material layer formed above the melting pool can control the surface temperature of the melting pool, so that more heat is concentrated inside the melting pool, and no external heat dissipation is needed, and the heat utilization rate is improved. The melting area adopts a layered structure, the glass liquid layer and the molten metal layer are separated according to different gravity, and after being discharged from different discharge ports, the molten metal layer can be better recycled. The scheme inherits the advantages that the traditional melting furnace can process the bottom slag and ash discharged from the kiln tail of the rotary kiln on line, reduces energy consumption, has the function of processing massive materials, and has wider application range and higher processing efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structural arrangement of a plasma melting apparatus applied to a rotary kiln for on-line processing of ash according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a plasma melting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the main reference numerals:
1-a rotary kiln; 2-a second combustion chamber; 21-oblique chute; 211-an auxiliary material addition port; 3-a smoke outlet; 4-a feed inlet; 5-a bulk material layer; 6-refractory material; 7-water jacket; 8-a grate; 9-a base; 10-a plasma torch; 11-small material layer; 12-molten glass outlet; 13-a glass liquid layer; 14-a layer of molten metal; 15-molten metal tapping; 16-molybdenum electrode heating means; 17-a molten pool; 18-furnace body.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or component but not the exclusion of any other element or component.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, a plasma melting apparatus for an on-line ash treatment of a rotary kiln according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is used for treating bottom ash after flue gas from a kiln tail of a rotary kiln 1 enters a secondary combustion chamber 2, and mainly comprises a furnace body part and a melting tank part, wherein a feed inlet 4 is arranged at an upper part of a furnace body 18, and the feed inlet 4 is used for receiving the bottom ash discharged from an inclined chute 21 of the secondary combustion chamber 2. The fire grate 8 is arranged on a base 9 positioned at the bottom of the furnace body 18, the fire grate 8 can eccentrically rotate along the horizontal section of the hearth in the furnace body 18, and a large material layer 5 of bottom slag accumulated on the fire grate 8 forms small bottom slag through extrusion between the outer wall of the fire grate 8 and the inner wall of the hearth. The melting tank 17 is arranged below the furnace body 18, and the small bottom slag forms a small material layer 11 at the lower part of the melting tank 17. The molybdenum electrode heating device 16 is provided at the lower part of the melting tank 17, melts and heats the small lump material layer 11, and forms the molten metal layer 14 and the glass liquid layer 13 from the bottom to the top at the bottom of the melting tank 17.
In some embodiments, the grate 8 includes teeth and blanking holes. The tooth-shaped structure is arranged on the outer wall of the fire grate 8 and is used for extruding and crushing large bottom slag with the inner wall of the hearth. The discharging hole is arranged on the discharging surface of the fire grate 8 and is used for discharging the crushed small bottom slag.
In some embodiments, the plasma melting apparatus further comprises a plasma torch 10 disposed at an upper middle portion of the molten pool 17 to heat and melt the large bottom slag that is left over from the grate 8.
In some embodiments, the plasma melting device further comprises a molten glass outlet 12 and a molten metal discharge outlet 15. The molten glass outlet 12 is provided at a lower portion of the molten pool 17 and at a position higher than the molybdenum electrode heating device 16, and the molten glass outlet 12 is used for discharging the molten glass layer 13. The molten metal discharge port 15 is provided at the bottom of the molten pool 17 at a position lower than the molybdenum electrode heating device 16, and the molten metal discharge port 15 is used for discharging the molten metal layer 14.
In some embodiments, the plasma melting device further comprises a refractory material 6 and a water jacket 7. The furnace wall of the furnace body 18 is made of refractory material 6. The water jacket 7 is arranged in the furnace wall at the lower part of the furnace body 18, and the height of the water jacket 7 is matched with that of the fire grate 8.
In some embodiments, the plasma melting device further comprises a smoke outlet 3 disposed at the top of the furnace 18, and the smoke generated by the plasma melting device is exhausted from the smoke outlet 3.
In some embodiments, the plasma melting apparatus further comprises a flue gas circulation system, one end of which is communicated with the smoke outlet 3, and the other end of which is communicated with the secondary combustion chamber 2 of the rotary kiln 1, and the flue gas circulation system is used for the retreatment of flue gas.
In some embodiments, the plasma melting apparatus further includes an auxiliary material adding port 211 disposed on the inclined chute 21, and the auxiliary material adding port 211 is configured to add an auxiliary material into the inclined chute 21 to reduce the melting point of the bottom slag, so as to improve the fluidity of the bottom slag.
In some embodiments, the plasma melting device applied to the online processing of ash in the rotary kiln 1 of the present invention operates as follows:
firstly, flue gas from the tail of a rotary kiln 1 enters a secondary combustion chamber 2; wherein, the bottom slag enters the plasma melting furnace 17 from the feeding hole 4 along the inclined chute 21 at the bottom of the second combustion chamber 2; in the process, holes can be formed at the chute according to the situation, and partial auxiliary materials are added to reduce the melting point of the processed object and improve the fluidity. Because of the characteristics of the rotary kiln 1 such as self combustion temperature and strong coking property of the incineration waste, the bottom slag from the chute is always provided with large blocks of coking slag (the diameter can reach more than half a meter); the large slag forms a large material layer 5 at the upper part of the melting furnace 17, and the material covers the grate 8; the grate 8 is mounted on a base 9.
The fire grate 8 adopts a tower-type eccentric design, the material adopts high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant material, the fire grate 8 eccentrically rotates along the horizontal section in the hearth under the drive of double motors, and large blocks of materials can be cut and extruded to be changed into small blocks of materials by extrusion between the rotating fire grate 8 and the inner wall of the hearth and simultaneously the outer wall surface of the fire grate 8 adopts a gear-shaped structure with strong coke breaking capability, and then enter the small material layer 11 at the lower part of the hearth through the discharging holes of the fire grate 8; the grate 8 can control the speed of the blanking through the rotating speed.
The upper part of the inner wall of the hearth is made of refractory materials 6, and the part of the inner wall of the hearth, which is in contact with the fire grate 8, is made of a water jacket 7, so that the heat utilization rate of the upper part of the hearth and the safety of the lower part of the hearth are improved;
the small lump material layer 11 (the grain diameter is controlled in the centimeter magnitude) formed at the lower part of the hearth is uniformly covered at the upper part of the melting tank 17 and is used for controlling the temperature at the upper part. A plasma torch 10 is disposed in the upper middle of a melting pool 17 in the lower part of the hearth to supplement heat and melt off a small amount of large materials.
Under the small lump material layer 11, the bottom slag of the processed object is melted by the high temperature (1400 ℃) generated by the molybdenum electrode heating device 16 to form a glass liquid layer 13; the molten glass layer 13 is accumulated to a certain amount and then flows out from the side molten glass outlet 12; the part of glass liquid can form a glass body after water quenching, and can be used as building materials for resource utilization after toxicity and leaching performance tests are qualified.
The metal components contained in the objects to be treated (bottom slag and ash) are also melted by the high temperature generated by the molybdenum electrode heating device 16, and because of the higher density, the bottom is sunk to form a molten metal layer 14 at the bottom of the furnace; the molten metal is accumulated to a predetermined amount, and then discharged from the molten metal discharge port 15 on the other side, and cooled to be reused as resources.
The flue gas generated by the plasma melting furnace 17 is discharged from the smoke outlet 3; after the flue gas is discharged, the flue gas can be directly connected to the second combustion chamber 2 for retreatment, and can also independently enter an independent flue gas retreatment system.
In conclusion, the plasma melting device applied to the rotary kiln online ash treatment has the following advantages: the plasma melting furnace adopts the tower type eccentric grate made of high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant materials, large materials can be broken into small materials by the aid of extrusion between eccentric rotation of the grate and the inner wall of the hearth, and then the small materials enter the lower portion of the hearth through the grate discharging holes, so that the defect that the large materials directly enter the melting furnace is overcome, and the particle size of the materials entering the melting area of the lower portion of the hearth can stably meet the requirement of a melting pool. The plasma torch arranged at the upper part in the melting tank can be used for supplementing heat and melting a small amount of large materials; the molybdenum electrode heating device arranged at the lower part can directly heat the molybdenum electrode deeply into the melting tank, so that the efficiency is high and the temperature is more uniform. The small material layer formed above the melting pool can control the surface temperature of the melting pool, so that more heat is concentrated inside the melting pool, and no external heat dissipation is needed, and the heat utilization rate is improved. The melting area adopts a layered structure, the glass liquid layer and the molten metal layer are separated according to different gravity, and after being discharged from different discharge ports, the molten metal layer can be better recycled. The scheme inherits the advantages that the traditional melting furnace can process the bottom slag and ash discharged from the kiln tail of the rotary kiln on line, reduces energy consumption, has the function of processing massive materials, and has wider application range and higher processing efficiency.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the utility model to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the utility model and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the utility model and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the utility model be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A plasma melting device applied to a rotary kiln for on-line ash treatment, which is used for treating bottom slag after flue gas coming out from the kiln tail of the rotary kiln enters a secondary combustion chamber, and is characterized by comprising:
a furnace body;
the feed inlet is arranged at the upper part of the furnace body and is used for receiving the bottom slag discharged from the inclined chute of the second combustion chamber;
the grate is arranged on a base positioned at the bottom of the furnace body, the grate can eccentrically rotate along the horizontal section of a hearth in the furnace body, and a large material layer of the bottom slag accumulated on the grate forms small bottom slag through extrusion between the outer wall of the grate and the inner wall of the hearth;
the melting tank is arranged below the furnace body, and small blocks of the bottom slag form small block material layers at the lower part of the melting tank; and
and the molybdenum electrode heating device is arranged at the lower part of the melting tank and is used for melting and heating the small material layer and then forming a molten metal layer and a glass liquid layer at the bottom of the melting tank from bottom to top.
2. The plasma fusion apparatus for on-line ash treatment of a rotary kiln as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grate comprises:
the toothed structure is arranged on the outer wall of the fire grate and is used for extruding and crushing large bottom slag with the inner wall of the hearth; and
and the discharging hole is arranged on the discharge surface of the grate and used for discharging the crushed small pieces of bottom slag.
3. The plasma melting apparatus for an on-line ash treatment of a rotary kiln as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a plasma torch disposed at a middle upper portion of the melting bath for heating and melting a large lump of the bottom ash missing from the grate.
4. The plasma fusion apparatus for on-line ash treatment of a rotary kiln as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
a molten glass outlet which is arranged at the lower part of the melting tank and is higher than the molybdenum electrode heating device, and the molten glass outlet is used for discharging the molten glass layer; and
and a molten metal discharge port provided at the bottom of the molten pool and positioned lower than the molybdenum electrode heating device, the molten metal discharge port being used for discharging the molten metal layer.
5. The plasma fusion apparatus for on-line ash treatment of a rotary kiln as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
the furnace wall of the furnace body adopts the refractory material; and
and the water jacket is arranged in the furnace wall at the lower part of the furnace body, and the height of the water jacket is matched with that of the fire grate.
6. The plasma fusion device applied to the online ash treatment of the rotary kiln as recited in claim 1, further comprising a smoke outlet arranged at the top of the furnace body, wherein the smoke generated by the plasma fusion device is discharged from the smoke outlet.
7. The plasma fusion device applied to the online ash treatment of the rotary kiln as recited in claim 6, further comprising a flue gas circulation system, one end of which is communicated with the smoke outlet and the other end of which is communicated with the secondary combustion chamber of the rotary kiln, wherein the flue gas circulation system is used for the retreatment of the flue gas.
8. The plasma fusion device applied to the online ash treatment of the rotary kiln as recited in claim 1, further comprising an auxiliary material adding port disposed on the inclined chute, wherein the auxiliary material adding port is used for adding an auxiliary material into the inclined chute to lower the melting point of the bottom ash, so as to improve the fluidity of the bottom ash.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202122039146.5U CN215723265U (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2021-08-27 | Plasma melting device applied to on-line ash treatment of rotary kiln |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202122039146.5U CN215723265U (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2021-08-27 | Plasma melting device applied to on-line ash treatment of rotary kiln |
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| CN215723265U true CN215723265U (en) | 2022-02-01 |
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| CN202122039146.5U Active CN215723265U (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2021-08-27 | Plasma melting device applied to on-line ash treatment of rotary kiln |
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