CN215575639U - Polarization-maintaining optical circulator and laser radar - Google Patents
Polarization-maintaining optical circulator and laser radar Download PDFInfo
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- CN215575639U CN215575639U CN202121799805.9U CN202121799805U CN215575639U CN 215575639 U CN215575639 U CN 215575639U CN 202121799805 U CN202121799805 U CN 202121799805U CN 215575639 U CN215575639 U CN 215575639U
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Abstract
The embodiment of the utility model discloses a polarization-maintaining optical circulator and a laser radar, which comprise a first polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimation module, a second polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimation module and an optical path annular transmission module; the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module is connected with the linearly polarized fiber laser and used for emitting first linearly polarized light; the light path annular transmission module comprises a polarization light splitting unit and a polarization adjusting unit, and the polarization light splitting unit and the polarization adjusting unit are sequentially positioned on a transmission path of first linearly polarized light and are used for adjusting the first linearly polarized light to form first circularly polarized light; the polarization adjusting unit and the polarization splitting unit are sequentially positioned on a transmission path of the second circularly polarized light and are used for adjusting the second circularly polarized light to form second linearly polarized light; the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation module is connected with the laser detector and used for receiving second linearly polarized light. The polarization-maintaining optical circulator comprises the optical path annular transmission module, linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light are adjusted, optical power loss is avoided, and laser detection distance is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the utility model relates to the technical field of laser detection, in particular to a polarization-maintaining optical circulator and a laser radar.
Background
In a laser radar which uses linearly polarized light for testing and uses a polarization maintaining fiber laser, the linearly polarized light is often required to be transmitted into space and receive reflected return light, and an object to be detected is detected. But linearly polarized light is only transmitted in the polarization maintaining fiber to ensure that the polarization state is not changed. After linearly polarized light enters the free space, the linear polarization state is weakened along with the lengthening of the transmission distance, and after the linearly polarized light is reflected to the detector, the reflected light is changed into non-linearly polarized light.
In the prior art, a polaroid is added in front of a detector, so that reflected light is changed into linearly polarized light again and then enters the detector, and the mode has the following defects: the non-linear polarized light reflected back by the polaroid is changed into linear polarized light, nearly half of the light power is lost, and the laser detection distance is shortened.
Therefore, how to realize polarized light detection and ensure that the polarized light power is larger, ensuring a larger detection distance becomes a research hotspot.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a polarization-maintaining optical circulator and a laser radar, which effectively avoid optical power loss and improve a laser detection distance.
In a first aspect, the utility model provides a polarization-maintaining optical circulator, which comprises a first polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimation module, a second polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimation module and an optical path annular transmission module;
the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module is connected with the linearly polarized fiber laser and is used for emitting first linearly polarized light;
the optical path annular transmission module comprises a polarization light splitting unit and a polarization adjusting unit, and the polarization light splitting unit and the polarization adjusting unit are sequentially positioned on a transmission path of the first linearly polarized light and are used for adjusting the first linearly polarized light to form first circularly polarized light; the first circularly polarized light is emitted from the polarization-maintaining circulator, and the second circularly polarized light carrying the information of the detected object is incident from the polarization-maintaining circulator; the polarization adjusting unit and the polarization beam splitting unit are sequentially arranged on a transmission path of the second circularly polarized light and are used for adjusting the second circularly polarized light to form second linearly polarized light, and the transmission direction of the second linearly polarized light is vertical to that of the first linearly polarized light;
the second polarization maintaining optical fiber collimation module is positioned on a transmission path of the second linearly polarized light and connected with the laser detector and used for receiving the second linearly polarized light.
The working process of the embodiment of the utility model comprises the following steps: adjusting the first linearly polarized light into first circularly polarized light through a polarization light splitting unit and a polarization adjusting unit, wherein the first circularly polarized light is emitted from a polarization-maintaining circulator and is detected by an object to be detected, and second circularly polarized light carrying information of the object to be detected is incident from the polarization-maintaining circulator; and the second circularly polarized light is adjusted into second linearly polarized light through the polarization light splitting unit and the polarization adjusting unit and then transmitted to the second polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimation module.
Optionally, the polarization splitting unit includes a polarization splitting prism;
the polarization adjustment unit comprises a quarter wave plate;
and an included angle between the optical axis direction of the quarter-wave plate and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light emitted by the polarization beam splitter prism is 45 degrees.
Optionally, the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module includes a first polarization maintaining fiber unit, the first polarization maintaining fiber unit includes a first polarization maintaining fiber and a first beam expanding fiber, an output end of the first polarization maintaining fiber is connected to an input end of the first beam expanding fiber, and a fiber core diameter of the first beam expanding fiber is larger than a fiber core diameter of the first polarization maintaining fiber;
the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation module comprises a second polarization maintaining fiber unit, the second polarization maintaining fiber unit comprises a second polarization maintaining fiber and a second beam expanding fiber, the output end of the second beam expanding fiber is connected with the input end of the second polarization maintaining fiber, and the fiber core diameter of the second beam expanding fiber is larger than that of the second polarization maintaining fiber.
Optionally, the first polarization-preserving fiber collimation module further includes a first collimation lens group, and the first collimation lens group is configured to collimate the first linearly polarized light;
the first beam expanding optical fiber comprises a first end face close to one side of the first collimating lens group, the first collimating lens group comprises a second end face close to one side of the first beam expanding optical fiber, an included angle between the first end face and a first preset reference plane is an acute angle, and an included angle between the second end face and the first preset reference plane is an acute angle; the first end face is provided with a light reflection reducing film and/or the second end face is provided with a light reflection reducing film;
the second polarization-maintaining fiber collimation module further comprises a second collimation lens group, and the second collimation lens group is used for collimating the second linearly polarized light;
the second beam expanding optical fiber comprises a third end surface close to one side of the second collimating lens group, the second collimating lens group comprises a fourth end surface close to one side of the second beam expanding optical fiber, an included angle between the third end surface and a second preset reference surface is an acute angle, and an included angle between the fourth end surface and the second preset reference surface is an acute angle; a light reflection reducing coating is arranged on the third end face and/or a light reflection reducing coating is arranged on the fourth end face;
the first preset reference plane is perpendicular to the second preset reference plane.
Optionally, the polarization-maintaining optical circulator further includes a transmitting and receiving module;
the transmitting and receiving module is positioned on the emergent path of the first circularly polarized light and positioned on the incident path of the second circularly polarized light.
Optionally, the transmitting and receiving module includes a first rotating optical fiber collimating unit and a second rotating optical fiber collimating unit;
the first rotating optical fiber collimation unit comprises a first rotating optical fiber unit, the first rotating optical fiber unit comprises a rotating optical fiber and a third beam expanding optical fiber, the first end of the third beam expanding optical fiber is connected with the first end of the rotating optical fiber, and the fiber core diameter of the third beam expanding optical fiber is larger than that of the rotating optical fiber;
the second rotary optical fiber collimation unit comprises a second rotary optical fiber unit, the second rotary optical fiber unit comprises the rotary optical fiber and a fourth beam expanding optical fiber, the second end of the rotary optical fiber is connected with the first end of the fourth beam expanding optical fiber, and the diameter of the fiber core of the fourth beam expanding optical fiber is larger than that of the fiber core of the rotary optical fiber.
Optionally, the first rotating optical fiber collimating unit further includes a third collimating lens group, where the third collimating lens group is configured to collimate the first circularly polarized light;
the third beam expanding optical fiber comprises a fifth end surface close to one side of the third collimating lens group, the third collimating lens group comprises a sixth end surface close to one side of the third beam expanding optical fiber, an included angle between the fifth end surface and a first preset reference surface is an acute angle, and an included angle between the sixth end surface and the first preset reference surface is an acute angle; a light reflection reducing coating is arranged on the fifth end face and/or a light reflection reducing coating is arranged on the sixth end face;
the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation unit further comprises a fourth collimation lens group, and the fourth collimation lens group is used for collimating the second circularly polarized light;
the fourth beam expanding optical fiber comprises a seventh end surface close to one side of the fourth collimating lens group, the fourth collimating lens group comprises an eighth end surface close to one side of the fourth beam expanding optical fiber, an included angle between the seventh end surface and the first preset reference surface is an acute angle, and an included angle between the eighth end surface and the first preset reference surface is an acute angle; and a light reflection reducing coating is arranged on the seventh end face and/or a light reflection reducing coating is arranged on the eighth end face.
Optionally, the polarization-maintaining optical circulator further includes a first connection structure, a second connection structure, a third connection structure, and a fourth connection structure;
the polarization light splitting unit is connected with the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module through the first connecting structure;
the polarization beam splitting unit is connected with the second polarization maintaining optical fiber collimation module through the second connecting structure;
the polarization beam splitting unit is connected with the polarization adjusting unit through the third connecting structure;
the polarization adjusting unit is connected with the transmitting and receiving module through the fourth connecting structure.
Optionally, the polarization splitting unit includes a first light-passing surface, a second light-passing surface, and a third light-passing surface;
the first light passing surface is arranged corresponding to the first polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimation module, the second light passing surface is arranged corresponding to the second polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimation module, and the third light passing surface is arranged corresponding to the polarization adjusting unit; and a light ray antireflection film is arranged on the first light passing surface, and/or a light ray antireflection film is arranged on the second light passing surface, and/or a light ray antireflection film is arranged on the third light passing surface.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a laser radar, including the polarization-maintaining optical circulator described in the first aspect, further including a linearly polarized optical fiber laser and a laser detector;
the linearly polarized fiber laser is connected with the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module, and the laser detector is connected with the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation module.
The embodiment of the utility model has the following technical effects:
1. and adjusting the linearly polarized light and the circularly polarized light through the optical path annular transmission module. When the circularly polarized light is transmitted in the free space, the circular polarization state is kept unchanged, so the circularly polarized light still irradiates the surface of an object to be detected and is reflected to the polarization-maintaining circulator, the polarization state is not changed, and the remote detection is effectively ensured.
2. Inside the polarization maintaining optical circulator, linearly polarized light is transmitted by the first polarization maintaining optical fiber collimation module and the second polarization maintaining optical fiber collimation module, so that the linear polarization state of the linearly polarized light is effectively ensured, and the high transmission efficiency of the linearly polarized light is ensured.
3. The defects that the loss of linearly polarized light power and the shortening of laser detection distance are caused by adding the polaroid in front of the detector in the prior art are overcome, the light transmission efficiency is improved, and the laser detection distance is increased.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the utility model will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization-maintaining circulator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization maintaining fiber collimating module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization maintaining circulator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmitting and receiving module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization maintaining circulator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization maintaining circulator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser radar according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be fully described by the detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive efforts fall within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a polarization-maintaining optical circulator. Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization maintaining circulator according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the polarization-maintaining optical circulator 10 includes a first polarization-maintaining fiber collimation module 100, a second polarization-maintaining fiber collimation module 200, and an optical path annular transmission module 300;
the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 100 is connected with the linearly polarized fiber laser 20 and is used for emitting first linearly polarized light L1;
the optical path annular transmission module 300 comprises a polarization splitting unit 310 and a polarization adjusting unit 320, wherein the polarization splitting unit 310 and the polarization adjusting unit 320 are sequentially located on a transmission path of the first linearly polarized light L1 and are used for adjusting the first linearly polarized light L1 to form first circularly polarized light C1; the first circularly polarized light C1 is emitted from the polarization-maintaining circulator 10, and the second circularly polarized light C2 carrying the information of the detected object is incident from the polarization-maintaining circulator 10; the polarization adjusting unit 320 and the polarization beam splitting unit 310 are sequentially located on a transmission path of the second circularly polarized light C2 and are used for adjusting the second circularly polarized light C2 to form second linearly polarized light L2, and the transmission direction of the second linearly polarized light L2 is perpendicular to the transmission direction of the first linearly polarized light L1;
the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 200 is located on the transmission path of the second linearly polarized light L2, and the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 200 is connected to the laser detector 30 and configured to receive the second linearly polarized light L2.
The polarization maintaining optical circulator is a compact high-performance optical device, and transmitted optical signal light is input from one port and output from the other port. The device possesses high isolation, low insertion loss, high extinction ratio and excellent environmental stability. As shown in fig. 1, a polarization-maintaining optical circulator 10 provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes a first polarization-maintaining fiber collimation module 100, a second polarization-maintaining fiber collimation module 200, and an optical ring transmission module 300. The first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 100 and the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 200 may be polarization maintaining fiber collimators. The polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimator is formed by accurately positioning and packaging a polarization-maintaining optical fiber and a lens, can change light emitted by the optical fiber into parallel light beams or focus and couple external parallel light into the optical fiber, and the polarization-maintaining optical fiber can ensure that the linear polarization direction is unchanged, improve the coherent signal-to-noise ratio and realize high-precision measurement of physical quantity.
Further, the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 100 is connected with the linearly polarized fiber laser 20 and is used for emitting the first linearly polarized light L1. The optical path annular transmission module 300 includes a polarization splitting unit 310 and a polarization adjusting unit 320, the first linearly polarized light L1 emitted from the first polarization maintaining collimation module 100 passes through the polarization splitting unit 310, and the polarization splitting unit 310 is configured to split the first linearly polarized light L1, for example, to transmit light of one polarization state, and to absorb or reflect light of another polarization state. The linearly polarized light transmitted through the polarization splitting unit 31 enters the polarization adjusting unit 320, and the polarization adjusting unit 320 adjusts the first linearly polarized light L1 to form a first circularly polarized light C1. The first circularly polarized light C1 is emitted from the polarization-maintaining circulator 10, the first circularly polarized light C1 keeps the circular polarization state unchanged in the transmission process, and the second circularly polarized light C2 is formed after the first circularly polarized light C1 contacts with the detected object and is reflected. The second circularly polarized light C2 carrying the information of the detected object enters from the polarization-maintaining optical circulator 10, the second circularly polarized light C2 is adjusted by the polarization adjusting unit 320 to form second linearly polarized light L2, the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light L2 is perpendicular to that of the first linearly polarized light L1, and the polarization splitting unit 310 reflects the second linearly polarized light L2 to enter the second polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimating module.
To sum up, the polarization-maintaining optical circulator provided by the embodiment of the utility model adjusts linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light through the optical path annular transmission module, and the circularly polarized light is always kept unchanged in polarization state when being transmitted in a free space, so that the circularly polarized light still remains after being irradiated to the surface of an object to be detected and reflected to the polarization-maintaining optical circulator, the polarization state is unchanged, and the long-distance detection time is ensured; further, according to the technical scheme of the utility model, linearly polarized light is transmitted in the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module and the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation module in the polarization maintaining optical circulator, so that the linearly polarized light can be ensured to keep a linear polarization state, and the linearly polarized light transmission efficiency is high. Furthermore, the technical scheme of the utility model overcomes the defects of linearly polarized light power loss and laser detection distance shortening caused by adding the polarizing plate in front of the detector in the prior art, improves the light transmission efficiency and increases the laser detection distance.
On the basis of the above embodiment, optionally, the polarization splitting unit 310 of the optical path annular transmission module 300 includes a polarization splitting prism;
the polarization adjustment unit 320 includes a quarter wave plate;
the included angle between the optical axis direction of the quarter-wave plate and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light emitted by the polarization splitting prism is 45 degrees.
The polarization splitting unit 310 of the optical path ring transmission module 300 includes a polarization splitting prism, which is an optical element for separating horizontal polarization and vertical polarization of light. The polarization beam splitting prism is internally provided with a polarization beam splitting film, and the polarization beam splitting film is plated on the inclined plane of the straight prism, so that the polarization beam splitting prism has the functions of separating the horizontal polarization and the vertical polarization of light rays. The polarization adjustment unit 320 includes a quarter wave plate having different refractive indexes for light of different polarization directions, thereby causing a phase difference between two components to convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light, or to convert circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light.
Specifically, an included angle between the optical axis direction of the quarter-wave plate and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light emitted by the polarization splitting prism is 45 °, and the first linearly polarized light L1 is adjusted by the quarter-wave plate to form first circularly polarized light C1. The second circularly polarized light C2 is adjusted by the quarter-wave plate to form a second linearly polarized light L2.
Illustratively, the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light L1 emitted from the first polarization-maintaining fiber collimator 100 is consistent with the polarization direction of the polarization splitting prism, for example, P light, when the first linearly polarized light L1 enters the quarter-wave plate. Because the optical axis direction of the quarter-wave plate forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light, the first linearly polarized light L1 becomes the first circularly polarized light C1 after passing through the quarter-wave plate. The first circularly polarized light C1 contacts with a detected object to be reflected to form second circularly polarized light C2, the second circularly polarized light C2 passes through the quarter-wave plate and then becomes second linearly polarized light L2 with the polarization direction forming an included angle of 90 degrees with the polarization direction of the first linearly polarized light L1, the polarization direction of the second linearly polarized light L2 entering the polarization beam splitter from the quarter-wave plate is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the polarization beam splitter, for example, S light is reflected, and then the second linearly polarized light is emitted out of the polarization beam splitter and enters the second polarization maintaining fiber collimator 200. The adjustment between the linearly polarized light and the circularly polarized light is realized by the polarization splitting unit 310 and the polarization adjusting unit 320 of the optical path annular transmission module 300.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization maintaining fiber collimation module according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 100 includes a first polarization maintaining fiber unit 110, the first polarization maintaining fiber unit 110 includes a first polarization maintaining fiber 111 and a first beam expanding fiber 112, an output end of the first polarization maintaining fiber 111 is connected to an input end of the first beam expanding fiber 112, and a fiber core diameter of the first beam expanding fiber 112 is larger than a fiber core diameter of the first polarization maintaining fiber 111;
the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 200 includes a second polarization maintaining fiber unit 210, the second polarization maintaining fiber unit 210 includes a second polarization maintaining fiber 211 and a second beam expanding fiber 212, an output end of the second beam expanding fiber 211 is connected with an input end of the second polarization maintaining fiber 211, and a fiber core diameter of the second beam expanding fiber 212 is larger than a fiber core diameter of the second polarization maintaining fiber 211.
First polarization-preserving fiber collimation module 100 includes a first polarization-preserving fiber unit 110, and first polarization-preserving fiber unit 110 includes a first polarization-preserving fiber 111 and a first expanded-beam fiber 112. The polarization maintaining optical fiber unit 110 can adopt a capillary optical fiber, the application range of the capillary optical fiber is wide, the capillary optical fiber has the advantages of high temperature resistance, durability, high bending strength and sealing performance, and the polarization maintaining optical fiber and the beam expanding optical fiber are wrapped, so that the stability of the optical fiber transmission process is realized. Meanwhile, the polarization maintaining fiber can ensure that the linear polarization direction is unchanged, and the coherent signal-to-noise ratio is improved, so that high-precision measurement of the physical quantity is realized, and therefore the first polarization maintaining fiber 111 is used for transmitting linearly polarized light, for example, the first polarization maintaining fiber 111 can be a panda polarization maintaining fiber. The first expanded beam fiber 112 is used to increase the output spot area, which can reduce the power density and thus withstand higher power. The output end of the first polarization maintaining fiber 111 is connected with the input end of the first expanded beam fiber 112, and transmission of the first linearly polarized light L1 is achieved. Where the core diameter of the first expanded beam fiber 112 is larger than the core diameter of the first polarization maintaining fiber 111, an exemplary first polarization maintaining fiber diameter may be 1.05 microns, the first expanded beam fiber diameter may be 10 microns, and generally the diameter of the first expanded beam fiber is about 10 times the diameter of the first polarization maintaining fiber. Specific dimensions embodiments of the utility model are not limiting.
The second polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 200 includes a second polarization maintaining fiber unit 210, and the second polarization maintaining fiber unit 210 includes a second polarization maintaining fiber 211 and a second expanded beam fiber 212. The second polarization maintaining fiber 211 is used for transmitting linearly polarized light, for example, the second polarization maintaining fiber 211 may be a panda polarization maintaining fiber. The second beam expanding fiber 212 is used to expand the spot area of the second linearly polarized light L2, reducing the power density, and thus withstanding higher power. The output end of the second beam expanding fiber 211 is connected with the input end of the second polarization maintaining fiber 211, so that transmission of second linearly polarized light L2 is realized. The diameter of the core of the second expanded beam fiber 212 is larger than the diameter of the core of the second polarization maintaining fiber 211, generally, the diameter of the second expanded beam fiber 212 is about 10 times of the diameter of the second polarization maintaining fiber 211, and the specific size is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
Furthermore, through the first polarization maintaining fiber 111 and the first beam expanding fiber 112 arranged in the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 100 and the second polarization maintaining fiber 211 and the second beam expanding fiber 112 arranged in the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 200, the power loss in the transmission process of the first linear polarization light and the second linear polarization light is reduced, and the completeness of the detected object information is ensured.
With continued reference to fig. 2, the first polarization maintaining fiber collimating module 100 further includes a first collimating lens group 120, the first collimating lens group 120 is configured to collimate the first linearly polarized light L1;
the first expanded beam fiber 112 includes a first end surface 112A close to one side of the first collimating lens group 120, the first collimating lens group 120 includes a second end surface 120A close to one side of the first expanded beam fiber 112, an included angle between the first end surface 112A and the first preset reference surface a is an acute angle, and an included angle between the second end surface 120A and the first preset reference surface a is an acute angle; a light reflection reducing film 121 is arranged on the first end face 112A and/or a light reflection reducing film 121 is arranged on the second end face 120A;
the second polarization maintaining fiber collimating module 200 further comprises a second collimating lens group 220, and the second collimating lens group 220 is used for collimating the second linearly polarized light L2;
the second expanded beam optical fiber 212 comprises a third end surface 212A close to one side of the second collimating lens group 220, the second collimating lens group 220 comprises a fourth end surface 220A close to one side of the second expanded beam optical fiber 212, an included angle between the third end surface 212A and the second preset reference surface B is an acute angle, and an included angle between the fourth end surface 220A and the second preset reference surface B is an acute angle; a light antireflection film 221 is arranged on the third end surface 212A and/or a light antireflection film 221 is arranged on the fourth end surface 220A;
the first predetermined reference plane a is perpendicular to the second predetermined reference plane B.
The first polarization-maintaining fiber collimation module 100 further includes a first collimation lens group 120, and the first collimation lens group 120 is configured to collimate the first linearly polarized light L1. The exit of the first linearly polarized light L1 from the first polarization maintaining fiber unit 110 is divergent, and the first linearly polarized light L1 is collimated by the first collimating lens group 120. The first expanded beam fiber 112 includes a first end surface 112A adjacent to one side of the first collimating lens group 120, the first collimating lens group 120 includes a second end surface 120A adjacent to one side of the first expanded beam fiber 112, and the first end surface 112A and the second end surface 120A are disposed opposite to each other. An included angle between the first end surface 112A and the first preset reference surface a is an acute angle, an included angle between the second end surface 120A and the first preset reference surface a is an acute angle, and the transmission efficiency of the first linearly polarized light L1 can be ensured by reducing the reflection of the first linearly polarized light L1 by controlling the included angles between the first end surface 112B and the first preset reference surface a and the included angles between the second end surface 120A and the first preset reference surface a to be acute angles. For example, the included angle between the first end surface 112A and the second end surface 120A and the first predetermined reference plane a may be 8 °. The first end face 112A is provided with a light reflection reducing coating 121 and/or the second end face 120A is provided with a light reflection reducing coating 121, and the reflection reducing coating is a transparent dielectric film plated on the surface of the optical element so as to reduce the reflection loss of the surface of the element.
The second polarization maintaining fiber collimating module 200 further includes a second collimating lens group 220, and the second collimating lens group 220 is configured to collimate the second linearly polarized light L2. The second expanded beam fiber 212 includes a third end surface 212A near one side of the second collimating lens group 220, the second collimating lens group 220 includes a fourth end surface 220A near one side of the second expanded beam fiber 212, and the third end surface 212A and the fourth end surface 220A are oppositely disposed. An included angle between the third end surface 212A and the second preset reference surface B is an acute angle, an included angle between the fourth end surface 220A and the second preset reference surface B is an acute angle, and by controlling the included angles between the third end surface 212B and the fourth end surface 220A and the second preset reference surface B to be acute angles, reflection of second polarized light can be reduced, and transmission efficiency of second linearly polarized light L2 is guaranteed. The third end surface 212A is provided with a light reflection reducing coating 221 and/or the fourth end surface 220A is provided with a light reflection reducing coating 221 to reduce the reflection loss of the element surface.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization-maintaining optical circulator according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmitting and receiving module according to an embodiment of the present invention, and in conjunction with fig. 3 and fig. 4, the polarization-maintaining optical circulator 10 further includes a transmitting and receiving module 400;
the transmitting and receiving module 400 is located on the exit path of the first circularly polarized light C1 and on the incident path of the second circularly polarized light C2.
As shown in fig. 3, the polarization maintaining optical circulator 10 includes a transmitting and receiving module 400. The transmitting and receiving module 400 is located on the exit path of the first circularly polarized light C1 and is located on the incident path of the second circularly polarized light C2. The transmitting and receiving module 400 is used for receiving the first circularly polarized light C1 emitted by the optical path annular transmission module 300. The transmitting and receiving module 400 transmits the first circularly polarized light C1 to the surface of the probe, and simultaneously receives the second circularly polarized light C2 carrying the information of the probe. The transmitting and receiving module 400 transmits the second circularly polarized light C2 to the optical path annular transmission module 300.
Specifically, the emitting of the first circularly polarized light C1 to the probe and the receiving of the second circularly polarized light C2 with the probe information are realized only by the emitting and receiving module 400, the arrangement of the emitting and receiving module 400 saves the structural space of the polarization-maintaining optical circulator 10, the design is more flexible, the debugging of the operator is more convenient, and the anti-interference performance is enhanced in the optical fiber transmission process.
With continued reference to FIG. 4, the transceiver module 400 includes a first rotary fiber alignment unit 410 and a second rotary fiber alignment unit 420;
the first rotating fiber collimating unit 410 comprises a first rotating fiber unit 411, the first rotating fiber unit 411 comprises a rotating fiber 411A and a third beam expanding fiber 411B, a first end of the third beam expanding fiber 411B is connected with a first end of the rotating fiber 411A, and a fiber core diameter of the third beam expanding fiber 411B is larger than that of the rotating fiber 411A;
the second rotating fiber collimation unit 420 includes a second rotating fiber unit 421, the second rotating fiber unit 421 includes a rotating fiber 411A and a fourth expanded beam fiber 421B, a second end of the rotating fiber 411A is connected with a first end of the fourth expanded beam fiber 421B, and a core diameter of the fourth expanded beam fiber 421B is larger than a core diameter of the rotating fiber 411A.
The transceiver module 400 includes a first rotary fiber alignment unit 410 and a second rotary fiber alignment unit 420. The first rotary fiber collimation unit 410 is located at a side of the second rotary fiber collimation unit 420 close to the optical path annular transmission module 300, and the second rotary fiber collimation unit 420 is located at a side of the first rotary fiber collimation unit 410 close to the detection object.
Wherein the first rotary fiber collimating unit 410 includes a first rotary fiber unit 411. The first selection optical fiber unit 411 may employ a capillary tube having high bending strength. The first rotating optical fiber unit 411 includes a rotating optical fiber 411A and a third beam expanding optical fiber 411B, wherein the rotating optical fiber is a highly birefringent optical fiber, and has the advantages of precise refractive index distribution, good geometric symmetry of the cross section, good longitudinal uniformity and the like, and the power loss in the optical fiber transmission process is avoided, and the transmission of the information of the detected object is not affected. Meanwhile, the beam expanding optical fiber is used for expanding the diameter of a fiber core, and is an optical fiber for increasing the coupling efficiency. The first end of the third expanded beam fiber 411B is connected to the first end of the rotating fiber 411A, so as to realize stable and efficient transmission of the first circularly polarized light C1 and the second circularly polarized light C2. The core diameter of the third beam expanding fiber 411B is larger than that of the rotating fiber 411A, generally, the third beam expanding fiber is about 10 times that of the rotating fiber, and the specific size is not limited in the embodiments of the present invention.
Wherein the second rotary fiber alignment unit 420 includes a second rotary fiber unit 421, and the second selective fiber unit 421 may adopt a capillary tube having a high bending strength. The second rotary fiber head 421 includes a rotary fiber 411A and a fourth expanded beam fiber 421B, and the second rotary fiber collimation unit 420 is connected to the first rotary fiber collimation unit 410 through the rotary fiber 411A. Under the condition that the rotating optical fiber 411A ensures excellent and stable optical performance and low loss in the optical fiber transmission process, the fourth beam expanding optical fiber 421B increases the diameter of a wire core and increases the optical fiber coupling efficiency. The second end of the rotating optical fiber 411A is connected with the first end of the fourth beam expanding optical fiber 421B, so that stable and efficient transmission of the first circularly polarized light C1 and the second circularly polarized light C2 is realized, and transmission of information of the detected object is completed. The core diameter of the fourth expanded beam fiber 421B is larger than the core diameter of the rotating fiber 411A, and generally, the core diameter of the third expanded beam fiber is about 10 times that of the rotating fiber, and the specific size is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
Further, the first rotating optical fiber 411A and the third beam expanding optical fiber 411B arranged in the first rotating optical fiber collimating unit 410, and the rotating optical fiber 411A and the fourth beam expanding optical fiber 421B arranged in the second rotating optical fiber collimating unit 420 are used to connect the first rotating optical fiber collimating unit 410 and the second rotating optical fiber collimating unit 420 to form the transmitting and receiving module 400. The connection of the rotating optical fiber 411A, the third beam expanding optical fiber 411B and the fourth beam expanding optical fiber 421B reduces the power loss during the transmission of the first circularly polarized light C1 and the second circularly polarized light C2, and ensures the efficient transmission of the information of the detected object.
With continued reference to fig. 4, the first rotating fiber collimating unit 410 further comprises a third collimating lens group 412, the third collimating lens group 412 is configured to collimate the first circularly polarized light C1;
the third expanded beam fiber 411B includes a fifth end face 411B1 close to one side of the third collimating lens group 412, the third collimating lens group 412 includes a sixth end face 412A close to one side of the third expanded beam fiber 411B, an included angle between the fifth end face 411B1 and the first preset reference plane a is an acute angle, and an included angle between the sixth end face 412A and the first preset reference plane a is an acute angle; a light reflection reducing film 413 is arranged on the fifth end face 411B1 and/or a light reflection reducing film 413 is arranged on the sixth end face 412A;
the second polarization maintaining fiber collimating unit 420 further comprises a fourth collimating lens group 422, the fourth collimating lens group 422 is configured to collimate the second circularly polarized light C2;
the fourth beam expanding fiber 421B includes a seventh end surface 421B1 close to one side of the fourth collimating lens group 422, the fourth collimating lens group 422 includes an eighth end surface 422A close to one side of the fourth beam expanding fiber 421B, an included angle between the seventh end surface 421B1 and the first preset reference surface a is an acute angle, and an included angle between the eighth end surface 422A and the first preset reference surface a is an acute angle; and a light reflection reducing film 423 is disposed on the seventh end surface 421B1 and/or a light reflection reducing film 423 is disposed on the eighth end surface 422A.
Wherein the first rotary fiber collimating unit 410 further comprises a third collimating lens group 412, and the third collimating lens group 412 is used for collimating the first circularly polarized light C1. The first circularly polarized light C1 is diverged as it exits the first rotating fiber unit 411, and the first circularly polarized light C1 is collimated by the third collimating lens group 412. The third expanded beam fiber 411B includes a fifth end face 411B1 close to one side of the third collimating lens group 412, the third collimating lens group 412 includes a sixth end face 412A close to one side of the third expanded beam fiber 411B, an included angle between the fifth end face 411B and the first preset reference plane a is an acute angle, and an included angle between the sixth end face 412A and the first preset reference plane a is an acute angle. An acute angle is formed between the fifth end surface 411B1 and the sixth end surface 412A and the first preset reference surface a, so that reflection of the first circularly polarized light C1 can be reduced, and influence on transmission efficiency of the first circularly polarized light C1 is avoided. The included angle may be 8 °, and the degree of the acute angle is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present invention. The fifth end face 411B1 is provided with a light reflection reducing coating 413 and/or the sixth end face 412A is provided with the light reflection reducing coating 413, so that the reflection loss of the element surface can be reduced, and the transmission efficiency of circularly polarized light can be increased.
The second polarization maintaining fiber collimating unit 420 further includes a fourth collimating lens group 422, and the fourth collimating lens group 422 is configured to collimate the second circularly polarized light C2. The second circularly polarized light C2 is diverged as it exits from the second rotating optical fiber unit 421, and the second circularly polarized light C2 is collimated by the fourth collimating lens group 422. The fourth beam expanding optical fiber 421B includes a seventh end surface 421B1 close to one side of the fourth collimating lens group 422, the fourth collimating lens group 422 includes an eighth end surface 422A close to one side of the fourth beam expanding optical fiber 421B, an included angle between the seventh end surface 421B1 and the first preset reference surface a is an acute angle, an included angle between the eighth end surface 422A and the first preset reference surface a is an acute angle, it is ensured that the included angles between the seventh end surface 421B1 and the eighth end surface 422A and the first preset reference surface a are acute angles, reflection of second circularly polarized light C2 can be reduced, and influence on transmission efficiency of the second circularly polarized light C2 is avoided. The included angle may be 8 °, and the degree of the acute angle is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present invention. The seventh end surface 421B1 is provided with a light reflection reducing film 423 and/or the eighth end surface 422A is provided with a light reflection reducing film 423 to reduce the reflection of the light on the element surface.
Further, the third collimating lens group 412 included in the first rotary fiber collimating unit 410 reduces the reflection of the first circularly polarized light C1 by designing the angles between the end surface of the third expanded beam fiber 411B and the end surface of the third collimating lens group 412 and adding an antireflection film. In the fourth collimating lens group 422 included in the second rotary fiber collimating unit 420, reflection of the first circularly polarized light C1 is reduced by designing the angles between the end surface of the fourth expanded beam fiber 421B and the end surface of the fourth collimating lens group 422 and adding an antireflection film. The transmission efficiency of the first circularly polarized light C1 and the second circularly polarized light C2 is increased, and the transmission of the information of the detected object is ensured.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization maintaining circulator according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 6, the polarization maintaining circulator 10 further includes a first connecting structure S1, a second connecting structure S2, a third connecting structure S3, and a fourth connecting structure S4;
the polarization splitting unit 310 is connected to the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 100 through a first connection structure S1;
the polarization splitting unit 310 is connected with the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 200 through a second connection structure S2;
the polarization splitting unit 310 is connected to the polarization adjusting unit 320 through a third connection structure S3;
the polarization adjustment unit 320 is connected to the transmission and reception module 400 through a fourth connection structure S4.
Wherein, the polarization maintaining circulator 10 further comprises a first connecting structure S1, a second connecting structure S2, a third connecting structure S3 and a fourth connecting structure S4. And each device is fixed through the connecting mechanism, so that the transmission direction of the optical fiber is ensured. The polarization beam splitting unit 310 is connected with the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 100 through the first connection structure S1, so that the fixed transmission direction of the first linearly polarized light S1 is ensured, and the transmission efficiency of the first linearly polarized light L1 is improved. The polarization splitting unit 310 is connected with the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 200 through the second connection structure S2, so as to ensure the fixed transmission direction of the second linearly polarized light S2, and ensure that the information carrying the detected object is transmitted to the laser detector 30. The polarization splitting unit 310 is connected with the polarization adjusting unit 320 through a third connecting structure S3, the third connecting structure S3 fixes the position relationship between the polarization splitting unit 310 and the polarization adjusting unit 320, so as to ensure that the incident light is parallel to or perpendicular to the incident plane to generate P light and S light, and the polarization adjusting unit 320 realizes the conversion of linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light. The polarization adjustment unit 320 is connected to the transmitting and receiving module 400 through the fourth connection structure S4, and a fixed transmission path of the first circularly polarized light C1 and the second circularly polarized light C2 is ensured. The positions of the devices in the polarization-maintaining optical circulator 10 are fixed by a connecting structure, and the transmission efficiency of the optical fiber is ensured by combining the transmission characteristics of light.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization-maintaining optical circulator according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the polarization splitting unit 310 includes a first light-passing surface N1, a second light-passing surface N2, and a third light-passing surface N3;
the first light passing surface N1 is arranged corresponding to the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 100, the second light passing surface N2 is arranged corresponding to the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 200, and the third light passing surface N3 is arranged corresponding to the polarization adjustment unit 320; and a light ray reflection reducing coating 310A is arranged on the first light passing surface N1, a light ray reflection reducing coating 310B is arranged on the second light passing surface N2, and a light ray reflection reducing coating 310C is arranged on the third light passing surface N3.
The polarization splitting unit 310 includes a first light passing surface N1, a second light passing surface N2, and a third light passing surface N3. The first light passing surface N1 is arranged corresponding to the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 100, the second light passing surface N2 is arranged corresponding to the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 200, the third light passing surface N3 is arranged corresponding to the polarization adjustment unit 320, the first light passing surface N1 is provided with a light antireflection film 310A, the second light passing surface N2 is provided with a light antireflection film 310B, and/or the third light passing surface N3 is provided with a light antireflection film 310C. By arranging the antireflection film 310A on the first light passing surface N1 between the polarization splitting unit 310 and the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 100, the reflection loss of the first linearly polarized light L1 is reduced. An antireflection film 310B is disposed on the second light passing surface N2 between the polarization splitting unit 310 and the second polarization-maintaining fiber collimation module 200, so as to reduce the reflection loss of the second linearly polarized light L2. An antireflection film 310C is disposed on the first light passing surface N1 between the polarization splitting unit 310 and the polarization adjusting unit 320, so as to reduce reflection loss of the first linearly polarized light L1 and the second linearly polarized light L2. By arranging the antireflection film, the light transmission efficiency is improved, and the detection information transmission efficiency is improved.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser radar according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 7, a laser radar 1 includes a polarization-maintaining optical circulator 10, a linearly polarized optical fiber laser 20, and a laser detector 30;
the linearly polarized fiber laser 20 is connected with the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 100, and the laser detector 30 is connected with the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 200.
The laser radar is a radar system that detects a characteristic quantity such as a position and a velocity of a target by emitting a laser beam. The working principle is to transmit a detection signal to a target, then compare the received signal reflected from the target with the transmitted signal, and after appropriate processing, obtain the relevant information of the target. The laser radar 1 includes a polarization maintaining optical circulator 10, a linearly polarized fiber laser 20, and a laser probe 30. The linearly polarized fiber laser 20 is connected with the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module 100 to transmit laser to the polarization maintaining circulator 10, the polarization maintaining circulator 10 modulates laser signals and emits first circularly polarized light to a detection object, and the polarization maintaining circulator 10 acquires detection information. The laser detector 30 is connected to the second polarization maintaining fiber alignment module 200, so as to obtain the information of the detected object captured by the polarization maintaining optical circulator 10. And the target information is acquired by the laser radar. The laser radar provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the technical effects of the polarization-maintaining circulator 10, and details are not described herein.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and that the features of the various embodiments of the utility model may be partially or fully coupled to each other or combined and may be capable of cooperating with each other in various ways and of being technically driven. Numerous variations, rearrangements, combinations, and substitutions will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the utility model. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A polarization-maintaining optical circulator is characterized by comprising a first polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimation module, a second polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimation module and an optical path annular transmission module;
the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module is connected with the linearly polarized fiber laser and is used for emitting first linearly polarized light;
the optical path annular transmission module comprises a polarization light splitting unit and a polarization adjusting unit, and the polarization light splitting unit and the polarization adjusting unit are sequentially positioned on a transmission path of the first linearly polarized light and are used for adjusting the first linearly polarized light to form first circularly polarized light; the first circularly polarized light is emitted from the polarization-maintaining circulator, and the second circularly polarized light carrying the information of the detected object is incident from the polarization-maintaining circulator; the polarization adjusting unit and the polarization beam splitting unit are sequentially arranged on a transmission path of the second circularly polarized light and are used for adjusting the second circularly polarized light to form second linearly polarized light, and the transmission direction of the second linearly polarized light is vertical to that of the first linearly polarized light;
the second polarization maintaining optical fiber collimation module is positioned on a transmission path of the second linearly polarized light and connected with the laser detector and used for receiving the second linearly polarized light.
2. The polarization maintaining optical circulator of claim 1 wherein said polarization splitting unit comprises a polarization splitting prism;
the polarization adjustment unit comprises a quarter wave plate;
and an included angle between the optical axis direction of the quarter-wave plate and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light emitted by the polarization beam splitter prism is 45 degrees.
3. The polarization maintaining optical circulator of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first polarization maintaining fiber collimating module comprises a first polarization maintaining fiber unit, the first polarization maintaining fiber unit comprises a first polarization maintaining fiber and a first expanded beam fiber, an output end of the first polarization maintaining fiber is connected with an input end of the first expanded beam fiber, and a core diameter of the first expanded beam fiber is larger than a core diameter of the first polarization maintaining fiber;
the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation module comprises a second polarization maintaining fiber unit, the second polarization maintaining fiber unit comprises a second polarization maintaining fiber and a second beam expanding fiber, the output end of the second beam expanding fiber is connected with the input end of the second polarization maintaining fiber, and the fiber core diameter of the second beam expanding fiber is larger than that of the second polarization maintaining fiber.
4. The polarization maintaining circulator of claim 3 wherein the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module further comprises a first collimation lens group for collimating the first linearly polarized light;
the first beam expanding optical fiber comprises a first end face close to one side of the first collimating lens group, the first collimating lens group comprises a second end face close to one side of the first beam expanding optical fiber, an included angle between the first end face and a first preset reference plane is an acute angle, and an included angle between the second end face and the first preset reference plane is an acute angle; the first end face is provided with a light reflection reducing film and/or the second end face is provided with a light reflection reducing film;
the second polarization-maintaining fiber collimation module further comprises a second collimation lens group, and the second collimation lens group is used for collimating the second linearly polarized light;
the second beam expanding optical fiber comprises a third end surface close to one side of the second collimating lens group, the second collimating lens group comprises a fourth end surface close to one side of the second beam expanding optical fiber, an included angle between the third end surface and a second preset reference surface is an acute angle, and an included angle between the fourth end surface and the second preset reference surface is an acute angle; a light reflection reducing coating is arranged on the third end face and/or a light reflection reducing coating is arranged on the fourth end face;
the first preset reference plane is perpendicular to the second preset reference plane.
5. The polarization maintaining optical circulator of claim 1, 2 or 4 further comprising a transmit receive module;
the transmitting and receiving module is positioned on the emergent path of the first circularly polarized light and positioned on the incident path of the second circularly polarized light.
6. The polarization maintaining optical circulator of claim 5 wherein said transmit receive module comprises a first rotating fiber alignment unit and a second rotating fiber alignment unit;
the first rotating optical fiber collimation unit comprises a first rotating optical fiber unit, the first rotating optical fiber unit comprises a rotating optical fiber and a third beam expanding optical fiber, the first end of the third beam expanding optical fiber is connected with the first end of the rotating optical fiber, and the fiber core diameter of the third beam expanding optical fiber is larger than that of the rotating optical fiber;
the second rotary optical fiber collimation unit comprises a second rotary optical fiber unit, the second rotary optical fiber unit comprises the rotary optical fiber and a fourth beam expanding optical fiber, the second end of the rotary optical fiber is connected with the first end of the fourth beam expanding optical fiber, and the diameter of the fiber core of the fourth beam expanding optical fiber is larger than that of the fiber core of the rotary optical fiber.
7. The polarization maintaining optical circulator of claim 6 wherein the first rotating fiber collimation unit further comprises a third collimating lens group for collimating the first circularly polarized light;
the third beam expanding optical fiber comprises a fifth end surface close to one side of the third collimating lens group, the third collimating lens group comprises a sixth end surface close to one side of the third beam expanding optical fiber, an included angle between the fifth end surface and a first preset reference surface is an acute angle, and an included angle between the sixth end surface and the first preset reference surface is an acute angle; a light reflection reducing coating is arranged on the fifth end face and/or a light reflection reducing coating is arranged on the sixth end face;
the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation unit further comprises a fourth collimation lens group, and the fourth collimation lens group is used for collimating the second circularly polarized light;
the fourth beam expanding optical fiber comprises a seventh end surface close to one side of the fourth collimating lens group, the fourth collimating lens group comprises an eighth end surface close to one side of the fourth beam expanding optical fiber, an included angle between the seventh end surface and the first preset reference surface is an acute angle, and an included angle between the eighth end surface and the first preset reference surface is an acute angle; and a light reflection reducing coating is arranged on the seventh end face and/or a light reflection reducing coating is arranged on the eighth end face.
8. The polarization maintaining circulator of claim 5 further comprising a first connecting structure, a second connecting structure, a third connecting structure, and a fourth connecting structure;
the polarization light splitting unit is connected with the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module through the first connecting structure;
the polarization beam splitting unit is connected with the second polarization maintaining optical fiber collimation module through the second connecting structure;
the polarization beam splitting unit is connected with the polarization adjusting unit through the third connecting structure;
the polarization adjusting unit is connected with the transmitting and receiving module through the fourth connecting structure.
9. The polarization maintaining optical circulator of claim 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 or 8, wherein the polarization splitting unit comprises a first light passing surface, a second light passing surface and a third light passing surface;
the first light passing surface is arranged corresponding to the first polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimation module, the second light passing surface is arranged corresponding to the second polarization-maintaining optical fiber collimation module, and the third light passing surface is arranged corresponding to the polarization adjusting unit; and a light ray antireflection film is arranged on the first light passing surface, and/or a light ray antireflection film is arranged on the second light passing surface, and/or a light ray antireflection film is arranged on the third light passing surface.
10. A lidar comprising the polarization maintaining optical circulator of any of claims 1-9, further comprising a linearly polarized fiber laser and a laser detector;
the linearly polarized fiber laser is connected with the first polarization maintaining fiber collimation module, and the laser detector is connected with the second polarization maintaining fiber collimation module.
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