CN215574465U

CN215574465U - Experimental instrument

Info

Publication number: CN215574465U
Application number: CN202122372614.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 金乐天; 阮芳芳; 周升海; 黄稆荇; 陈恒一; 邵美琪; 王满菊
Original assignee: Hangzhou Medical College
Current assignee: Hangzhou Medical College
Priority date: 2021-09-28
Filing date: 2021-09-28
Publication date: 2022-01-18
Anticipated expiration: 2031-09-28

Abstract

The utility model discloses an experimental instrument, which comprises an iron stand platform and an electronic timer, wherein the iron stand platform comprises a base and a vertical rod which is vertical to the base, the vertical rod is provided with a fixed rod which can be adjusted up and down and in the horizontal direction and is provided with a clamp, a viscosity coefficient measuring device with a clamp clamping axis drooping and set, the viscosity coefficient measuring device comprises a hard transparent tube which is clamped by the clamp and has a through structure, rubber plugs are plugged at two ends of the hard transparent tube, a long glass capillary tube and a short glass capillary tube with the same pipe diameter are vertically inserted into the rubber plugs at the lower end through two jacks, a beaker is arranged right below the short glass capillary tube, the measuring device is innovated based on a capillary tube measuring method, on experimental apparatus, the double-barrelled constant voltage system of ingenious design guarantees that pressure is relatively stable in the device, realizes that capillary both ends pressure differential is invariable to improve the controllability and the stability of device.

Description

Experimental instrument

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of viscosity coefficient determination, in particular to an experimental instrument.

Background

In the basic teaching of physical experiments in general non-rational engineering colleges and universities, an austenitic viscometer is usually used for measuring the viscosity coefficient based on a capillary method. However, the Ostwald viscometer is measured and calculated by a comparison method, the closure defect of the Ostwald viscometer is exposed, the definition and application understanding of the viscosity coefficient by students are difficult, and the aim of drawing and mastering knowledge through experimental operation is not facilitated. Meanwhile, the Oerskometer adopts a U-shaped glass tube design, so that the absolute vertical direction of the device is difficult to maintain, and the measurement error is increased rapidly; and in practice, easily results in breakage of the base portion of the device. Secondly, environmental factors such as temperature and the like have a large influence on the fluid in the pipe in the experimental measurement process, and random errors of artificial subjective measurement can influence the measurement of the experiment to cause result drift.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides an experimental instrument, a measuring device is innovated based on a capillary measurement method, a double-tube constant-pressure system is ingeniously designed on the experimental device, the relative stability of the pressure in the device is ensured, the constant pressure difference at two ends of a capillary is realized, and the controllability and the stability of the device are improved.

In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an experimental apparatus, including iron stand platform, electronic timer, the iron stand platform is including the pole setting of base, perpendicular base installation, and is perpendicular the pole setting is provided with about can, the dead lever that the horizontal direction was adjusted and was had the clip, the flagging viscosity coefficient survey device of setting for of clip centre gripping axis, viscosity coefficient survey device is including being the stereoplasm hyaline tube that runs through the formula structure by the clip centre gripping, stereoplasm hyaline tube both ends stopper has the rubber buffer, the lower extreme the rubber buffer has the same long glass capillary of pipe diameter, short glass capillary through the vertical insertion of two jacks, be provided with the beaker under the short glass capillary.

As a preferred technical scheme of the utility model, the iron stand comprises a screw rod adjuster, the screw rod adjuster comprises two rings arranged at ninety degrees and a screw rod in threaded connection with the rings, and the upright rod and the fixed rod are respectively inserted into the two rings and are abutted through the screw rod.

As a preferable technical scheme of the utility model, cotton threads are wound and fixed on one side of the vertical rod, and a plumb bob is wound and fixed at the lower end of each cotton thread.

As a preferred technical scheme of the utility model, a detachable heating cover is sleeved outside the hard transparent tube, and the beaker is in a conical transparent structure with a narrow top and a wide bottom.

As a preferred technical scheme of the utility model, one side of the base, which is close to the beaker, is provided with a carrying plate, the upper surface of which is provided with the filter screen, and the beaker can be placed on the upper surface of the carrying plate and is arranged right below the short glass capillary.

As a preferred technical scheme of the utility model, one side of the fixed rod, which is close to the hard transparent tube, is provided with a liquid blocking device, the liquid blocking device comprises a micro stepping motor with an output shaft downward, a connecting rod fixedly arranged between the micro stepping motor and the fixed rod, an installation rod is fixedly arranged perpendicular to the micro stepping motor, and one end of the installation rod, which is far away from the micro stepping motor, is fixedly welded with a water collecting box with an opening at the upper end and arranged right below the short glass capillary tube.

As a preferable technical scheme of the utility model, a slope plate with a V-shaped structure at the top opening is arranged at the top of the water collecting box.

As a preferred technical scheme of the utility model, the micro stepping motor is in linkage fit with the electronic timer through a central processing unit.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model can achieve the following beneficial effects:

1. the device adopts indirect measurement, which is different from the traditional comparison method of the austenitic viscometer, and the indirect measurement is beneficial to students to independently explore the derivation principle and can deeply understand and apply the concept of viscosity coefficient. The device is suitable for college physical experiment courses of non-physical major, adopts the principle of an austenitic viscometer comparison method different from college physical experiment textbooks, adopts indirect measurement, is novel in structure and simple and direct in operation method, effectively improves the accuracy of measurement results, is beneficial to understanding and application of concepts by students, is simple in structure, ingenious in conception and convenient to operate, and can be used for cultivating the experimental interests of the students.

2. Utilize two capillary designs, the assembly and disassembly of device has the convenience, and ingenious simple and easy design makes device easy operation, and the operator can go up the hand fast and change understanding, and the wholeness designs that the interference killing feature is strong, and maneuverability is big, very big the student's experiment of having facilitated. The device has the advantages that the measured data is compared with the measured data of the common viscosity coefficient measuring device on the market, and the application characteristics of low cost, easy control, simplicity and ingenuity can be met under the condition of realizing higher accuracy and small error. The device performance test result shows that the relative error of the viscosity coefficient measurement of the water after the system error correction is about 1.7 percent and is far less than the result of 5 percent of the common measurement error of the Oershi viscometer used by students, and the cost of the equipment is greatly reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an explosive structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a rigid transparent tube according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the liquid blocking apparatus of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the lower end rubber plug of the present invention.

Wherein: 1. an iron stand; 11. a base; 12. erecting a rod; 13. a screw adjuster; 14. fixing the rod; 15. a clip; 16. cotton threads; 17. a plumb bob;

2. a viscosity coefficient measuring device; 21. a rigid transparent tube; 211. a heating mantle; 22. a rubber plug; 221. a jack; 23. a long glass capillary; 24. a short glass capillary; 25. a beaker; 26. a carrying tray; 27. an electronic timer;

3. a liquid blocking device; 31. a water collection box; 311. a ramp plate; 32. a connecting rod; 33. a micro stepper motor; 34. and (5) installing a rod.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of technical means, characteristics of creation, objectives and functions realized by the present invention, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to be exhaustive. Based on the embodiments in the implementation, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

Example (b):

as shown in fig. 1-5, the present invention provides an experimental apparatus, which comprises an iron support 1 and an electronic timer 27, wherein the iron support 1 comprises a base 11 and an upright rod 12 installed perpendicular to the base 11, the upright rod 12 is provided with a fixing rod 14 which can be adjusted up and down and in the horizontal direction and is provided with a clamp 15, the clamping axis of the clamp 15 is drooping to set a viscosity coefficient measuring device 2, the viscosity coefficient measuring device 2 comprises a rigid transparent tube 21 which is clamped by the clamp 15 and has a through structure, rubber plugs 22 are plugged at two ends of the rigid transparent tube 21, the rubber plugs 22 at the lower end are vertically inserted with a long glass capillary 23 and a short glass capillary 24 which have the same pipe diameter through two insertion holes 221, and a beaker 25 is arranged right below the short glass capillary 24.

When the device is used, the hard transparent tube 21 is vertically clamped on the clamp 15, and the upper opening and the lower opening of the hard transparent tube 21 are sealed by rubber stoppers 22 so as to be convenient for adding liquid to be measured. The rubber plug 22 at the lower end is inserted into the long glass capillary 23 and the short glass capillary 24 in parallel through the insertion hole 221, the relative position of the two can be adjusted up and down, wherein the inner end and the outer end of the short glass capillary 24 are lower than the long glass capillary 23, and the inner diameter of the capillary is measured by a vernier caliper

Length of

Simultaneously measuring and calculating the height distance of the short glass capillary 24 and the long glass capillary 23 in the hard transparent tube 21

. The short glass capillary 24 is used for outflow measurement of the liquid, and the long glass capillary 23 is used for equalization of the liquid pressure. Meanwhile, the positions of the short glass capillary 24 and the long glass capillary 23 and the air tightness of the device are checked, a carrying disc 26 and a beaker 25 are placed below the opening of the short glass capillary 24, and an electronic timer 27 is taken for standby. Using absolute ethyl alcohol or potassium permanganate solution to make short glass capillary tube 24 and long glass capillary tube 23, using tested liquid to wash several times, then opening rubber plug 22 at upper end and injecting the tested liquid into proper position over long glass capillary tube 23, making short glass capillary tube 24 naturally flow out liquid and make ventilation, after all parameters of said device are stabilized, starting measuring experimental data, measuring and obtaining a certain time

Mass of liquid flowing out

。

The long glass capillary 23 is used for supplementing gas in the bottle so as to maintain dynamic balance, the short glass capillary 24 is used for the flow of liquid, and the gas pressure at two ends of the short glass capillary meets the following conditions:

therefore, the final viscosity coefficient calculation formula can be derived by using the Poiseuille formula as follows:

and simultaneously weighing the beaker 25 to be tested, peeling and returning to zero for standby, measuring the temperature of the liquid to be tested, and immediately reading the record and starting the experiment after the temperature is stable. The rubber stopper 22 at the upper end of the hard transparent tube 21 is opened, the liquid to be measured is added into the hard transparent tube 21 until the liquid completely does not pass through the short glass capillary 24 and the long glass capillary 23 to reach a proper height, the hard transparent tube 21 is sealed through the rubber stopper 22 at the upper end, the verticality is adjusted by using the plumb bob 17 and the cotton thread 16, the operation is stopped for a period of time until the liquid can stably flow out at a uniform speed through the short glass capillary 24, and meanwhile, the long glass capillary 23 can continuously and uniformly convey bubbles. After the system is stabilized, the electronic timer 27 is pressed down to start timing, meanwhile, the beaker 25 is used for receiving the liquid to be measured immediately, timing is stopped when the concave part of the lowest liquid level is lowered to the position 3cm away from the upper end of the short glass capillary 24, and experimental measurement is completed to calculate the result.

In other embodiments, the iron stand 1 includes a screw adjuster 13, the screw adjuster 13 includes two ninety-degree circular rings and a screw in threaded connection with the circular rings, and the upright 12 and the fixing rod 14 are respectively inserted into the two circular rings and abut against each other through the screw;

as shown in fig. 2, the upright rod 12 and the fixing rod 14 are inserted into two circular rings with vertical axes through the matching among the screw rod adjuster 13, the upright rod 12 and the fixing rod 14, and the height and the extension length of the clamp 15 are adjusted through the rotation of the screw rod.

In other embodiments, a cotton thread 16 is wound and fixed on one side of the vertical rod 12, a plumb 17 is wound and fixed at the lower end of the cotton thread 16, the plumb 17 and the cotton thread 16 are arranged under the gravity, so that the plumb 17 is always in a sagging state, the axis of the hard transparent tube 21 is parallel to the cotton thread 16, the short glass capillary tube 24 is in a vertically downward state, and the measurement deviation caused by the fact that the water flows out due to the inclined influence is avoided.

In other embodiments, the outside cover of stereoplasm transparent pipe 21 is equipped with detachable heating mantle 211, beaker 25 is the toper transparent structure of narrow-down width, heating mantle 211 of establishing through the outside cover of stereoplasm transparent pipe 21, heat stereoplasm transparent pipe 21, be convenient for keep the constant temperature of the inside solution of stereoplasm transparent pipe 21, and then improve measurement accuracy, reduce the stable deviation that causes, beaker 25 is the centrum structure of narrow-down width simultaneously, the open-top is less, prevent after stopping timing, reduce to take out beaker 25 back open area great, remaining liquid is low to fall inside beaker 25, and then improve and stop timing and solution after cutting off the flow, make the solution after timing and the cutout can accurately correspond, improve the measured data precision.

In other embodiments, a carrying tray 26 with a filtering net on the upper surface is disposed on one side of the base 11 close to the beaker 25, and the beaker 25 can be placed on the upper surface of the carrying tray 26 and is disposed under the short glass capillary 24, so as to prevent the solution from falling to the operation table when the hard transparent tube 21 is adjusted, and facilitate the collection of the solution during adjustment.

In other embodiments, the liquid blocking device 3 is installed on one side of the fixed rod 14 close to the hard transparent tube 21, the liquid blocking device 3 includes a micro stepping motor 33 with an output shaft facing downward, a connecting rod 32 fixedly installed between the micro stepping motor 33 and the fixed rod 14, an installation rod 34 is fixedly installed perpendicular to the micro stepping motor 33, and a water collecting box 31 with an opening at the upper end and disposed right below the short glass capillary tube 24 is fixedly welded on one end of the installation rod 34 far away from the micro stepping motor 33.

During the regulation, water collection box 31 is arranged under short glass capillary 24, and after rivers are balanced, miniature step motor 33 drives water collection box 31 and rotates ninety degrees clockwise fast this moment, and electronic timer 27 begins the timing here simultaneously to it is regularly through electronic timer 27, and after reaching the settlement time, miniature step motor 33 rotates ninety degrees anticlockwise fast for water collection box 31 is arranged under stereoplasm transparent pipe 21, improves the accuracy of nipping the table time and the inside solution of beaker 25 after cutting off the flow.

In other embodiments, the top of the water collecting box 31 is provided with a slope 311 with a V-shaped top opening, and the slope 311 passing through the V-shaped top opening prevents the solution inside from shaking rapidly and falling into the beaker 25 when the micro stepping motor 33 rotates rapidly.

In other embodiments, the micro stepper motor 33 is cooperatively engaged with the electronic timer 27 via a central processing unit.

Through miniature step motor 33 and electronic timer 27 by central processing unit control, set for miniature step motor 33's rotational frequency and direction of rotation through central processing unit, and handle miniature step motor 33 and electronic timer 27 linkage, electronic timer 27 begins the timing behind the water-collecting box 31 clockwise keeping away from stereoplasm transparent pipe 21, and miniature step motor 33 anticlockwise rotation ninety degrees this moment after electronic timer 27 reaches the settlement time, realize the quick cutout to short glass capillary 24, the measuring error that the manual work caused when nipping the meter has been reduced, improve and measure the precision.

In the scheme, the micro stepping motor 33 and the electronic timer 27 are in linkage fit through a central processing unit, and specific data setting, the rotation direction and frequency of the micro stepping motor 33 and the data setting of the electronic timer 27 are applied for another application.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the utility model. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the utility model is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an experimental apparatus, including iron stand platform (1), electronic timer (27), its characterized in that: iron stand platform (1) is including pole setting (12) of base (11), perpendicular base (11) installation, perpendicular pole setting (12) are provided with dead lever (14) that can be from top to bottom, the horizontal direction is adjusted and is had clip (15), the flagging viscosity coefficient survey device (2) of setting for of clip (15) centre gripping axis, viscosity coefficient survey device (2) including by clip (15) centre gripping and be rigid transparent tube (21) that run through the formula structure, rigid transparent tube (21) both ends stopper has rubber buffer (22), lower extreme rubber buffer (22) have the same long glass capillary (23) of pipe diameter, short glass capillary (24) through two jack (221) vertical insertions, be provided with beaker (25) under short glass capillary (24).

2. A laboratory instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: iron stand platform (1) including screw rod regulator (13), screw rod regulator (13) including two rings that ninety degrees set up and ring threaded connection's screw rod, and pole setting (12) and dead lever (14) peg graft respectively in two rings and offset through the screw rod.

3. A laboratory instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a cotton thread (16) is wound and fixed on one side of the vertical rod (12), and a plumb bob (17) is wound and fixed at the lower end of the cotton thread (16).

4. A laboratory instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer portion of the hard transparent tube (21) is sleeved with a detachable heating cover (211), and the beaker (25) is of a conical transparent structure with a narrow upper portion and a wide lower portion.

5. A laboratory instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: one side of the base (11) close to the beaker (25) is provided with a carrying disc (26) with a filter screen on the upper surface, and the beaker (25) can be placed on the upper surface of the carrying disc (26) and is arranged right below the short glass capillary tube (24).

6. A laboratory instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: dead lever (14) are close to stereoplasm hyaline tube (21) one side and install liquid blocking device (3), liquid blocking device (3) are including output axial down miniature step motor (33), with connecting rod (32) of fixed mounting between miniature step motor (33) and dead lever (14), perpendicular miniature step motor (33) fixed mounting has installation pole (34), installation pole (34) are kept away from miniature step motor (33) one end welded fastening and are had the upper end opening and arrange water-collecting box (31) under short glass capillary (24) in.

7. A laboratory instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that: the top of the water collecting box (31) is provided with a slope plate (311) with a V-shaped structure at the top opening.

8. A laboratory instrument according to claim 6, characterized in that: the micro stepping motor (33) is in linkage fit with the electronic timer (27) through the central processing unit.