CN215521055U

CN215521055U - Pre-combustion chamber structure and engine

Info

Publication number: CN215521055U
Application number: CN202121266382.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 荀贺贺; 崔亚彬; 袁中营; 耿路; 张秀珍
Original assignee: Great Wall Motor Co Ltd
Current assignee: Great Wall Motor Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-07
Filing date: 2021-06-07
Publication date: 2022-01-14
Anticipated expiration: 2031-06-07

Abstract

The utility model provides a precombustion chamber structure and an engine, belonging to the technical field of precombustion chambers, and comprising a precombustion chamber body arranged at the lower end of a spark plug, wherein the precombustion chamber body is provided with a precombustion chamber cavity for sealing the end part of the spark plug, a plurality of jet holes communicated with a main combustion chamber are formed in the circumferential direction of the bottom of the precombustion chamber body, the jet holes comprise a plurality of air inlet side jet holes and a plurality of air outlet side jet holes which are respectively positioned at two sides of the bottom of the precombustion chamber body, and the air inlet side jet holes and the air outlet side jet holes are opposite to each other one by one. The precombustion chamber structure provided by the utility model has the advantages that the plurality of air inlet side spray holes and the plurality of air outlet side spray holes which are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the precombustion chamber body in a one-to-one opposite manner can enable air entering the cavity of the precombustion chamber from the air inlet side spray holes to be easily discharged from the opposite air outlet side spray holes, and the residual waste gas in the cavity of the precombustion chamber is reduced.

Description

Pre-combustion chamber structure and engine

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of precombustion chambers, and particularly relates to a precombustion chamber structure and an engine.

Background

The precombustion chamber is characterized in that part of fuel is firstly combusted in the precombustion chamber, so that the pressure and the temperature in the precombustion chamber are quickly increased, mixed gas in the precombustion chamber is promoted to be sprayed into the main combustion chamber at a high speed, and most of fuel is fully mixed with oxidant in the main combustion chamber so as to improve the efficiency.

The gas exchange is realized through the pressure difference between the precombustion chamber and the main combustion chamber, and the problem that residual waste gas is difficult to clean in the precombustion chamber in the prior art can lead to high EGR rate in the periphery of the electrode and combustion deterioration.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a precombustion chamber structure, and aims to solve the problem that residual waste gas in a precombustion chamber is difficult to clean.

In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a precombustion chamber structure, including installing the precombustion chamber body at the spark plug lower extreme, the precombustion chamber body possesses the precombustion chamber cavity who seals the spark plug tip, a plurality of jet orifices with main combustion chamber intercommunication are seted up to the circumference of precombustion chamber body bottom, and is a plurality of the jet orifice is including being located respectively a plurality of air intake side orifice and a plurality of exhaust side orifice of the bottom both sides of precombustion chamber body, and is a plurality of air intake side orifice and a plurality of exhaust side orifice are relative one by one.

In a possible implementation manner, the included angles a formed by the central axes of the plurality of injection holes and the central axis of the cavity of the precombustion chamber are the same.

In a possible implementation manner, central axes of the opposite air inlet side jet holes and the opposite air outlet side jet holes are located on the same plane, and a plurality of planes intersect on the central axis of the precombustion chamber cavity.

In one possible implementation, the number of intake-side nozzle holes and the number of exhaust-side nozzle holes are both two.

In a possible realization, the angle b between the two planes is less than or equal to 90 °.

In one possible implementation, the volume of the prechamber cavity comprises 2% to 3% of the main combustion chamber volume.

In one possible implementation, the prechamber body is integrally formed at the lower end of the spark plug.

In one possible implementation, the prechamber body is detachably connected to the spark plug lower end.

The precombustion chamber structure provided by the utility model has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the antechamber body is installed at the spark plug lower extreme, and the spark plug seals in the antechamber cavity of antechamber body, and a plurality of jet orifices have been seted up to the circumference of the bottom of antechamber body, and the antechamber cavity communicates main combustion chamber through a plurality of jet orifices. The plurality of injection holes are a plurality of air inlet side injection holes and a plurality of exhaust side injection holes which are distributed on two sides of the bottom of the precombustion chamber body, and the plurality of air inlet side injection holes are opposite to the plurality of exhaust side injection holes one by one. The mixed gas of the main combustion chamber enters the cavity of the precombustion chamber through the plurality of air inlet side jet holes on the same side, and the gas ignited by the spark plug enters the main combustion chamber through the plurality of exhaust side jet holes to be mixed, so that ignition is realized. The plurality of air inlet side spray holes and the plurality of air exhaust side spray holes are formed in two sides of the bottom of the precombustion chamber body and are arranged in a one-to-one opposite mode, so that air entering the cavity of the precombustion chamber from the air inlet side spray holes can be easily exhausted from the opposite air exhaust side spray holes, and residual waste gas in the cavity of the precombustion chamber is reduced.

The utility model also provides an engine using the precombustion chamber structure.

Compared with the prior art, the engine provided by the utility model has the advantages that the residual waste gas in the cavity of the precombustion chamber can be reduced due to the adoption of the structure of the precombustion chamber, multi-point ignition is realized, the flame propagation distance is reduced, knocking is reduced, the combustion speed is accelerated, the combustion stability is improved, the compression ratio of the engine can be improved, and the thermal efficiency is further improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a precombustor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a bottom view of fig. 1.

Description of reference numerals:

100. a prechamber body; 110. a precombustion chamber cavity; 120. spraying holes on the air inlet side; 130. an exhaust side orifice; 200. a spark plug.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a precombustion chamber structure according to the present invention will now be described. A precombustion chamber structure comprises a precombustion chamber body 100 arranged at the lower end of a spark plug 200, wherein the precombustion chamber body 100 is provided with a precombustion chamber cavity 110 for sealing the end part of the spark plug 200, a plurality of injection holes communicated with a main combustion chamber are formed in the circumferential direction of the bottom of the precombustion chamber body 100, the injection holes comprise a plurality of air inlet side injection holes 120 and a plurality of exhaust side injection holes 130 which are respectively positioned at two sides of the bottom of the precombustion chamber body 100, and the air inlet side injection holes 120 and the exhaust side injection holes 130 are opposite one to one.

Compared with the prior art, the prechamber structure provided by the utility model has the advantages that the prechamber body 100 is arranged at the lower end of the spark plug 200, the spark plug 200 is sealed in the prechamber cavity 110 of the prechamber body 100, a plurality of injection holes are formed in the circumferential direction of the bottom of the prechamber body 100, and the prechamber cavity 110 is communicated with a main combustion chamber through the plurality of injection holes. The plurality of injection holes are a plurality of intake side injection holes 120 and a plurality of exhaust side injection holes 130 distributed on both sides of the bottom of the prechamber body 100, and the plurality of intake side injection holes 120 and the plurality of exhaust side injection holes 130 are opposite to each other one by one. The mixture gas of the main combustion chamber enters the prechamber cavity 110 through the plurality of air inlet side jet holes 120 on the same side, and the gas ignited by the spark plug 200 enters the main combustion chamber through the plurality of exhaust side jet holes 130 to be mixed, so that ignition is realized. The plurality of intake side nozzle holes 120 and the plurality of exhaust side nozzle holes 130, which are located on both sides of the bottom of the prechamber body 100 and are arranged in a one-to-one opposite manner, can make the gas entering the prechamber cavity 110 from the intake side nozzle holes 120 easily discharged from the opposite exhaust side nozzle holes 130, thereby reducing the residual waste gas in the prechamber cavity 110.

The combustion chamber is a device in which fuel or propellant is combusted to generate high-temperature combustion gas, and is a main component of the engine. The combustion chamber may be divided into a main combustion chamber and a precombustion chamber, which are in communication with each other. The spark plug is positioned in the pre-combustion chamber, and the combustible mixed gas enters the pre-combustion chamber from the main combustion chamber, is ignited by the spark plug and then enters the main combustion chamber for combustion, so that the multi-point ignition form in the combustion chamber is realized.

In addition, under high speed and high load, the prechamber body 100 is easy to become a hot spot to cause detonation, and the structure of the prechamber provided by the utility model changes the arrangement mode of a plurality of jet holes and combines temperature field simulation to avoid the problem.

Referring to fig. 1, the included angles a formed by the central axes of the plurality of injection holes and the central axis of the prechamber cavity 110 are all the same.

In this embodiment, the angles of the included angles a formed by the central axes of the plurality of air intake side nozzle holes 120 and the central axis of the prechamber cavity 110 are all the same, so that the mixture in the main combustion chamber can more easily enter the prechamber cavity 110 through the plurality of air intake side nozzle holes 120. Similarly, the angles of the included angles a formed by the central axes of the plurality of exhaust side nozzle holes 130 and the central axis of the prechamber cavity 110 are all the same, so that the ignited gas in the prechamber cavity 110 can more easily enter the main combustion chamber through the plurality of exhaust side nozzle holes 130.

Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the angle of the included angle a is less than 90 °, i.e., both the intake side nozzle holes 120 and the exhaust side nozzle holes 130 are inclined downward to communicate with the main combustion chamber.

Referring to fig. 2, the central axes of the opposite air inlet side nozzle holes 120 and the opposite air outlet side nozzle holes 130 are located on the same plane, and the planes intersect with the central axis of the prechamber cavity 110.

In this embodiment, the cross section of the prechamber cavity 110 is a circular structure, and the central axes of the opposite inlet side nozzle holes 120 and the opposite outlet side nozzle holes 130 are located on the same diameter of the cross section of the prechamber cavity 110.

Referring to fig. 2, the number of the intake side nozzle holes 120 and the exhaust side nozzle holes 130 is two. The two intake side nozzle holes 120 are respectively a first hole and a second hole, and the two exhaust side nozzle holes 130 are respectively a third hole and a fourth hole.

Specifically, along the circumferential direction of the bottom of the prechamber body 100, a first hole, a second hole, a third hole, and a fourth hole are arranged in order clockwise. The intake side nozzle hole 120 and the exhaust side nozzle hole 130 are respectively:

the first hole corresponds to the third hole;

the second hole corresponds to the fourth hole.

Referring to fig. 2, the included angle b between the two planes is less than or equal to 90 °.

Specifically, the included angle b formed by the first hole and the second hole and the center of the bottom of the precombustion chamber body 100 is smaller than or equal to 90 degrees, so that the positions of the air inlet side spray holes 120 and the air outlet side spray holes 130 are along the airflow direction, the scavenging resistance is reduced, and the residual waste gas in the precombustion chamber can be better scavenged.

Optionally, the volume of the prechamber cavity 110 is 2% to 3% of the main combustion chamber volume. By adjusting the length and diameter of the prechamber internal cavity, while matching the external profile dimensions of the respective spark plug 200.

Alternatively, the prechamber body 100 is integrally formed at the lower end of the spark plug 200. The structural strength of the prechamber body 100 can be increased and can be integrally formed by casting or forging.

Alternatively, the pre-chamber body 100 may be detachably coupled to the lower end of the spark plug 200. Replacement or maintenance of the prechamber body 100 is facilitated and a threaded connection may be used.

In addition, the distance between the electrode of the spark plug 200 and the bottom of the precombustion chamber cavity 110 is adjusted according to the distribution of residual waste gas in the precombustion chamber cavity 110, so that the problem that the flame contacts with the cold precombustion chamber wall surface early to cause quenching and difficult starting can be avoided.

Similarly, the shape of the bottom of the prechamber cavity 110 can be adjusted to reduce the residual exhaust gases, such as a hemispherical cavity at the bottom of the prechamber cavity 110 in FIG. 1.

Compared with the prior art, the engine provided by the utility model has the advantages that the residual waste gas in the cavity 110 of the precombustion chamber can be reduced due to the adoption of the structure of the precombustion chamber, multi-point ignition is realized, the flame propagation distance is reduced, knocking is reduced, the combustion speed is accelerated, the combustion stability is improved, the compression ratio of the engine can be improved, and the thermal efficiency is further improved.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the utility model, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a precombustion chamber structure, is including installing the precombustion chamber body at the spark plug lower extreme, the precombustion chamber body possesses the precombustion chamber cavity who seals the spark plug tip, a plurality of jet orifices with main combustion chamber intercommunication are seted up to the circumference of precombustion chamber body bottom, its characterized in that, and is a plurality of the jet orifice is including being located respectively a plurality of air intake side spray orifices and a plurality of exhaust side spray orifices of the bottom both sides of precombustion chamber body, and is a plurality of air intake side spray orifices and a plurality of exhaust side spray orifices are relative one by one.

2. A prechamber arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the axes of the plurality of injection openings and the axis of the prechamber chamber form angles a which are all identical.

3. A prechamber arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the centre axes of the opposite inlet-side and outlet-side nozzle openings lie in the same plane, and that a number of said planes intersect in the centre axis of the prechamber chamber.

4. A precombustor structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein the number of said intake-side injection holes and said exhaust-side injection holes is two.

5. A prechamber arrangement according to claim 4, characterised in that the angle b between the two planes is less than or equal to 90 °.

6. The prechamber arrangement of claim 1, wherein the prechamber cavity comprises from about 2% to about 3% of the main combustion chamber volume.

7. A prechamber arrangement according to any of claims 1-6, characterised in that the prechamber body is integrated in the lower end of the spark plug.

8. A prechamber arrangement according to any of the claims 1-6, characterised in that the prechamber body is detachably connected to the lower end of the spark plug.

9. An engine comprising a prechamber arrangement according to any of claims 1-8.