CN215516713U

CN215516713U - Seawater desalination device and seawater desalination system

Info

Publication number: CN215516713U
Application number: CN202121407084.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 叶建聪; 梁颖宗; 罗向龙; 陈健勇; 杨智; 陈颖
Original assignee: Guangdong University of Technology
Current assignee: Guangdong University of Technology
Priority date: 2021-06-23
Filing date: 2021-06-23
Publication date: 2022-01-14
Anticipated expiration: 2031-06-23

Abstract

The utility model discloses a seawater desalination device, which comprises a base, a desalination device arranged on the base, and a solar absorption piece arranged on the desalination device; the base is provided with a seawater tank, a brine tank and a fresh water tank; the desalter comprises a condensing part arranged on the base, a draining part arranged on the condensing part, a heat exchange part clamped between the condensing part and the draining part, and an evaporating part arranged on the draining part; the evaporation piece is provided with an evaporation film, a seawater input film arranged on the evaporation film and a hydrophilic film arranged on the evaporation film; the solar absorption piece is arranged on the evaporation membrane, the seawater input membrane is positioned in the seawater tank, and the hydrophilic membrane is positioned above the brine tank; the condensing part is provided with a condensing tank communicated with the fresh water tank, and the heat exchange part is arranged in the condensing tank. The utility model also discloses a seawater desalination system. The utility model can utilize solar energy to evaporate seawater and realize the separation of fresh water and brine, and a plurality of seawater desalination devices are combined to improve the desalination efficiency, belonging to the technical field of seawater desalination.

Description

Seawater desalination device and seawater desalination system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of seawater desalination, in particular to a seawater desalination device and a seawater desalination system.

Background

The technology for desalinating seawater by utilizing solar evaporation is a solar-driven, green, pollution-free, energy-saving and environment-friendly seawater desalination technology, and has the characteristics of clean energy solar energy utilization, high energy utilization rate, low cost, green and environment friendliness and the like, so that the technology has a wide development prospect in the field of seawater desalination. The working principle of desalting seawater by solar evaporation is as follows: the material with high solar energy absorption rate is utilized to convert solar radiation energy into heat energy and heat seawater, so that the seawater is slowly evaporated on the evaporation surface, salt ions in steam are firstly filtered by generated vapor and then condensed to obtain fresh water, the seawater which is not completely evaporated is changed into brine with high salt content, and part of the salt ions can be separated out on the evaporation surface or in the brine.

Currently, there are many limitations that make the seawater technology impossible to be applied in a practical production process on a large scale, wherein the accumulation of salt on the evaporation surface is one of the major problems. On one hand, as the evaporation of the seawater is continuously carried out, the salt concentration of the seawater is continuously increased, so that salt ions are accumulated on the evaporation surface, the activity of the seawater is reduced, and the evaporation efficiency of the seawater is reduced; on the other hand, when salt ions in the seawater reach saturation, solid crystal salt can be separated out on the evaporation surface, so that the evaporation of the seawater and the filtration of water vapor are seriously hindered, and the seawater desalination is ineffective. Meanwhile, the water yield and water production efficiency of the existing solar evaporation seawater desalination technology are not high, which is caused by the intermittent solar radiation and the influence of factors such as weather, geographical environment and the like on the intensity of the solar radiation.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the utility model aims to: the seawater desalination device can evaporate seawater by utilizing solar energy, and then fresh water, salt ions and brine are separated by the hydrophilic membrane, the condensing part and the hydrophobic part.

In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

a seawater desalination plant comprises a base, a desalinator mounted on the base, and a solar energy absorber mounted on the desalinator; the base is provided with a seawater tank, a brine tank and a fresh water tank;

the desalter comprises a condensing part arranged on the base, a hydrophobic part which has hydrophobicity and is arranged on the condensing part, a heat exchange part clamped between the condensing part and the hydrophobic part, and an evaporation part arranged on the hydrophobic part; the condensing part, the hydrophobic part and the evaporating part are stacked in sequence;

the evaporation piece is provided with an evaporation membrane, a seawater input membrane arranged on the evaporation membrane and a hydrophilic membrane arranged on the evaporation membrane; the solar absorption piece is installed on the evaporation membrane, the seawater input membrane is positioned in the seawater tank, and the hydrophilic membrane is positioned above the brine tank;

the condensing part is provided with a condensing groove communicated with the fresh water groove, and the heat exchange part is arranged in the condensing groove.

Furthermore, a water falling groove communicated with the condensation groove is also formed in the condensation piece; the downpipe is arranged on the condensation piece and communicated with the downpipe groove, and a pipe orifice of the downpipe is positioned above the fresh water tank.

Further, the condensation piece comprises a top plate, a first side plate connected with the top plate and a second side plate connected with the top plate; the first side plate and the second side plate are respectively arranged at two sides of the top plate, the condensation groove is formed in the upper surface of the top plate, and the first side plate and the second side plate are both provided with water falling grooves;

the first side plate and the second side plate are both in a dovetail shape, the first side plate and the second side plate are both provided with a first water falling end and a second water falling end which are arranged at intervals along a first preset direction, the first water falling end and the second water falling end are both provided with the water falling pipe, and along the first preset direction, the height of the bottom wall of the water falling groove is increased gradually and then decreased gradually.

Further, the hydrophobic part is a hydrophobic membrane, and the hydrophobic membrane and the inner wall of the condensation tank jointly form a sealed cavity for placing the heat exchange part; the heat exchange piece is in a grid shape and is an integrated piece made of metal.

Further, hydrophilic membrane is trapezoidal, hydrophilic membrane's upper end with the evaporation film is connected, hydrophilic membrane's lower extreme is unsettled to be set up, hydrophilic membrane's cross-sectional area down scales up from last.

Further, a heat exchange pipe is arranged in the brine tank; the pipe hole of the heat exchange pipe is communicated with the seawater tank.

Further, a support frame is arranged on the base; the condensing part is installed on the supporting frame.

Furthermore, a plurality of desalinization devices are arranged between the base and the solar energy absorption device, the desalinization devices are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and a condensation piece of the desalinization device at the lowest position is installed on the supporting frame; the solar absorption piece is arranged on the evaporation piece of the desalinator at the uppermost part, and the rest evaporation pieces of the desalinator are connected with the condensation piece of the desalinator above the evaporation piece.

A seawater desalination system comprises the seawater desalination device, a seawater tank, a fresh water tank, a brine tank, a seawater pipe for communicating the seawater tank with the seawater tank, a fresh water pipe for communicating the fresh water tank with the fresh water tank, and a brine pipe for communicating the brine tank with the brine tank; the seawater desalination device, the seawater pipe, the fresh water pipe and the brine pipe are all provided with a plurality of valves, each seawater pipe is provided with a first valve body, the fresh water tank is provided with a second valve body, each fresh water pipe is communicated with the fresh water tank through the second valve body, and each brine pipe is provided with a third valve body.

Further, the seawater desalination system also comprises a console, a radiation intensity measuring instrument electrically connected with the console, and a material conveying pipe; each first valve body, each second valve body and each third valve body are electrically connected with the console;

the seawater desalination devices are sequentially arranged along a second preset direction, the conveying pipes are multiple, and the brine tank of the previous seawater desalination device is communicated with the seawater tank of the next seawater desalination device through the conveying pipes along the second preset direction.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that: the seawater desalination device can effectively remove salt ions on the evaporation film and avoid the accumulation of solid crystalline salt on the evaporation film; the condensation piece of the seawater desalination device not only can effectively strengthen the condensation of water vapor and facilitate fresh water collection, but also can exchange heat with the next evaporation piece, thereby improving the utilization rate of solar energy. The seawater desalination device provides a base integrating seawater storage, fresh water storage and brine storage, heat brought away by brine discharged in the desalination process can be transferred to seawater which is not desalinated through heat exchange of a heat exchange pipe, and the seawater and the brine exchange heat sufficiently and then evaporate an evaporation film of a part. The seawater desalination system can solve the problems of low seawater heating temperature and low seawater desalination efficiency caused by the intermittency and instability of solar radiation, and can control different numbers of seawater desalination devices to be connected in series together to desalinate seawater to adapt to different solar radiation intensities through various valve bodies of a console. Aiming at the problems of overhigh salt ion concentration and accumulation of solid crystalline salt in the process of desalination of the seawater desalination device, the seawater desalination system can carry out a night salt discharge mode, and effectively eliminates the salt ions and the solid crystalline salt on the evaporation surface.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a seawater desalination plant.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the evaporation member.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a condensing member.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view in the direction a of fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the base.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a seawater desalination system.

In the figure, 1 is a seawater desalination device, 2 is a seawater tank, 3 is a fresh water tank, 4 is a brine tank, 5 is a seawater pipe, 6 is a fresh water pipe, 7 is a brine pipe, 8 is a console, 9 is a radiation intensity measuring instrument, and 10 is a conveying pipe;

11 is a base, 12 is a desalter, 13 is a solar energy absorption piece, and 14 is a heat exchange pipe;

111 is a seawater tank, 112 is a brine tank, 113 is a fresh water tank, 114 is a support frame, 121 is a condensing part, 122 is a hydrophobic part, 123 is a heat exchange part, 124 is an evaporation part, 141 is a pipe hole of a heat exchange pipe, 501 is a first valve body, 601 is a second valve body, and 701 is a third valve body;

1211 is a top plate, 1212 is a first side plate, 1213 is a second side plate, 1214 is a condensation tank, 1215 is a sink, 1216 is a sink pipe, 1241 is an evaporation film, 1242 is a seawater input film, and 1243 is a hydrophilic film.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the utility model but are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "communicating" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

For convenience of description, unless otherwise noted, the up-down direction described below coincides with the up-down direction of fig. 1 itself, the left-right direction described below coincides with the left-right direction of fig. 1 itself, and the front-back direction described below coincides with the projection direction of fig. 1 itself.

As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present embodiment provides a seawater desalination apparatus comprising a base 11, a desalinator 12 mounted on the base 11, and a solar absorbing member 13 mounted on the desalinator 12; the base 11 has a seawater tank 111, a brine tank 112, and a fresh water tank 113; the seawater tank 111, the brine tank 112, and the fresh water tank 113 are all opened on the upper surface of the base 11, and the seawater tank 111, the brine tank 112, and the fresh water tank 113 are not communicated with each other. The solar absorbing piece 13, the desalination device 12 and the base 11 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the desalination device 12 is clamped between the solar absorbing piece 13 and the base 11. The solar absorbing member 13 is made of a nano material having high solar absorptivity and directly sprayed on the metal oxide thin film having high thermal conductivity as a single body. The lower surface of the solar absorbing member 13 is closely attached to the evaporation member 124, and the solar absorbing member 13 can absorb solar energy and convert the solar energy into heat energy to be conducted to the evaporation member 124. The solar absorbing member 13 can absorb solar energy and then transfer the solar energy to the desalinator 12, the desalinator 12 can desalinate seawater in the seawater tank 111, the desalinated seawater flows to the fresh water tank 113, and the non-desalinated seawater becomes brine with high salt content and is stored in the brine tank 112.

The desalinator 12 comprises a condensing member 121 mounted on the base 11, a hydrophobic member 122 having hydrophobicity and mounted on the condensing member 121, a heat exchanging member 123 sandwiched between the condensing member 121 and the hydrophobic member 122, and an evaporating member 124 mounted on the hydrophobic member 122; the condensing member 121 is positioned above the susceptor 11, the hydrophobic member 122 is installed on an upper surface of the condensing member 121, the evaporating member 124 is installed above the hydrophobic member 122, and the solar absorbing member 13 is installed above the evaporating member 124 and is in contact with the evaporating member 124. The evaporation member 124 is composed of cotton textile fiber having high hydrophilic property.

The evaporation piece 124 is provided with an evaporation film 1241, a seawater input film 1242 installed on the evaporation film 1241, and a hydrophilic film 1243 installed on the evaporation film 1241; the solar absorption member 13 is installed on the evaporation membrane 1241, the lower end of the seawater input membrane 1242 is inserted into the bottom of the seawater tank 111, and the hydrophilic membrane 1243 is located above the brine tank 112 and does not contact brine; the seawater input membrane 1242 is a hydrophilic fiber membrane, the seawater input membrane 1242 has hydrophilicity, seawater can flow to the evaporation membrane 1241 through the seawater input membrane 1242, and the lower end of the seawater input membrane 1242 is inserted into the seawater tank 111. The evaporation membrane, the seawater input membrane and the hydrophilic membrane are all hydrophilic fiber membranes. The seawater is slowly diffused to the top area of the evaporation film 1241 by the hydrophilic property and the capillary force of the hydrophilic fiber film, the evaporation film 1241 can evaporate the seawater by the heat absorbed by the solar absorbing member 13, a part of the seawater is evaporated into water vapor, and the water vapor flows to the condensing member 121 through the lower water-repellent member 122. The hydrophobic member 122 can block seawater from flowing onto the condensing member 121, and the blocked seawater is separated from the hydrophilic membrane 1243 connected to the evaporation membrane 1241 by capillary action and gravity and finally falls into the brine tank 112.

The condensing unit 121 is provided with a condensing tank 1214 communicating with the fresh water tank 113, and the heat exchanging unit 123 is installed in the condensing tank 1214. The evaporated seawater flows to the condensation tank 1214 of the condensation member 121 through the hydrophobic member 122 from top to bottom, the water vapor is condensed on the upper surface of the condensation member 121, the heat exchange of the water vapor can be enhanced by the heat exchange member, the heat transfer area and the disturbance between the water vapor and the condensation member 121 are increased, the water vapor is cooled into liquid fresh water, and the fresh water flows to the fresh water tank 113 below the condensation member 121 from the condensation tank 1214 under the action of gravity.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the brine tank 112 is located in a central region of the upper surface of the base 11, the seawater tank 111 is two and is located at the left and right sides of the brine tank 112, and the fresh water tank 113 is two and is located at the front and rear ends of the brine tank 112.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the condensation member 121 is further provided with a water dropping slot 1215 communicated with the condensation slot 1214; the downpipe 1215 is positioned on the bottom wall of the condensation tank 1214, the condensation member 121 is provided with a downpipe 1216 which is communicated with the downpipe 1215, and the nozzle of the downpipe 1216 is positioned above the fresh water tank 113. The condensation tank 1214 is located on the upper surface of the condensation member 121. The downpipe 1215 is positioned at the bottom of the condensation tank 1214, and the downpipe 1216 is communicated with the downpipe 1215 and is close to the bottom of the downpipe 1215.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the condensation member 121 includes a top panel 1211, a first side panel 1212 connected to the top panel 1211, a second side panel 1213 connected to the top panel 1211; the first side plate 1212 and the second side plate 1213 are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the top plate 1211, the condensation groove 1214 is formed in the upper surface of the top plate 1211, and both the first side plate 1212 and the second side plate 1213 are provided with a water falling groove 1215; the upper surface of the top panel 1211, the first side panel 1212, and the second side panel 1213 collectively enclose a condensation trough 1214. The heat exchanging member 123 is mounted on the upper surface of the top plate 1211.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the condensing member 121 is formed of a metal oxide thin film having a high thermal conductivity.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the top panel 1211 is shaped like an arch bridge, and the upper surface of the top panel 1211 gradually decreases from the middle portion to the left and right sides, thereby facilitating the flow of fresh water to the gutter 1215. The heat exchanger 123 is annular and conforms to the curvature of the upper surface of the top plate 1211, and is attached to the upper surface of the top plate 1211.

The first side plate 1212 and the second side plate 1213 are both in a dovetail shape, the first side plate 1212 and the second side plate 1213 both have a first dropping end and a second dropping end arranged at intervals along a first predetermined direction, the first dropping end and the second dropping end are both provided with a downpipe 1216, and a water outlet of the downpipe 1216 is located right above the fresh water tank 113. In a first predetermined direction (from front to back), the height of the bottom wall of the downspout 1215 increases and then decreases. The lower terminal surfaces of the first side plate 1212 and the second side plate 1213 are both inverted V-shaped, the first predetermined direction is the direction from the front to the back, the first water falling end is located in front of the first side plate 1212 and the second side plate 1213, and the second water falling end is located behind the first side plate 1212 and the second side plate 1213. A downspout 1216 is mounted forward of the first side plate 1212, forward of the second side plate 1213, rearward of the first side plate 1212, and rearward of the second side plate 1213. The downspout 1216 is proximate a bottom end of the first side plate 1212 and the second side plate 1213. The bottom wall of the downspout 1215 is gradually lowered from the center to the front and rear ends, so that fresh water can completely flow to the downspout 1216 under the action of gravity, and water accumulation in the downspout 1215 is prevented. The first side plate 1212 and the second side plate 1213 are designed into a dovetail structure, which can guide the condensed fresh water to the front and back sides of the lower end of the first side plate 1212 and the second side plate 1213, so as to facilitate the recovery of the fresh water.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the hydrophobic member 122 is a hydrophobic membrane selectively permeable to microporous membrane with polytetrafluoroethylene, the hydrophobic membrane only allows water vapor to pass through, but seawater cannot pass through to separate water vapor and brine. The hydrophobic film and the inner wall of the condensation tank 1214 form a sealed cavity for releasing and replacing the heat piece 123; the heat exchange member 123 is in a grid shape, and the heat exchange member 123 is an integrated member made of metal oxide with high thermal conductivity, and plays a role in supporting and strengthening heat exchange. The hydrophobic membrane only allows water vapor to flow from top to bottom into the condensation tank 1214, and the hydrophobic membrane can prevent seawater from flowing from top to bottom into the condensation tank 1214. The hydrophobic film covers the condensation tank 1214 so that the condensation tank 1214 becomes a closed space. The heat exchange member 123 may cool the water vapor. Condensing part 121 constitutes a confined space with the hydrophobic membrane that has selectivity jointly, the upper strata is hydrophobic membrane, the lower floor is condensing part 121, the centre supports with metal mesh's heat transfer piece 123, do benefit to steam and permeate hydrophobic membrane on the one hand, effectively strengthen the steam condensation, on the other hand can avoid the roof of condensing part to regard as the liquid film that the condensate layer formed, heat transfer thermal resistance has been reduced, be favorable to on conducting the evaporation latent heat of vaporization of steam to the evaporation element 124 of the desalination device 12 of next stage, effectively improve latent heat of steam recovery efficiency and solar energy utilization ratio. Traditional condensing member has the hydrophilic fibrous membrane of one deck, and the roof of condensing member this moment has probably formed the liquid film, and the condensing member of this application does not set up hydrophilic fibrous membrane, and the liquid drop directly flows down along the roof, can not form the liquid film.

Specifically, in an embodiment, hydrophilic membrane 1243 is trapezoidal, and the upper end and the evaporation membrane 1241 of hydrophilic membrane 1243 are connected, and hydrophilic membrane 1243's lower extreme is unsettled to be set up, and hydrophilic membrane 1243's cross-sectional area from last down increases progressively, and the sea water fully diffuses behind the top area of evaporation membrane 1241, and the brine that does not evaporate leaves evaporation membrane 1241 along trapezoidal hydrophilic membrane 1243, and hydrophilic membrane 1243's cross-sectional area from last down increases progressively is favorable to brine to discharge evaporation membrane 1241.

The evaporation membrane 1241 made of the arch bridge-shaped hydrophilic fiber membrane can delay the seawater from diffusing to the top area, so that the seawater is fully evaporated. Salt ions on the upper surface of the evaporation film 1241 are effectively removed and accumulation of solid crystalline salt on the evaporation film 1241 is avoided. The trapezoidal hydrophilic membrane 1243 is used for connecting two sides of the top area of the evaporation membrane 1241, so that seawater is ensured to be fully diffused to the top area of the evaporation membrane 1241 and then leaves the evaporation membrane 1241 through the hydrophilic membrane 1243 to fall into the brine tank 112, and brine is recovered.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the evaporation film 1241 is provided with seawater input films 1242 on both left and right sides, and the evaporation film 1241 is provided with hydrophilic films 1243 on both front and rear sides, and the hydrophilic films 1243 are located between the seawater input films 1242 on both sides of the evaporation film 1241.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the base 11 is a metal with a high thermal conductivity. The brine tank 112 is internally provided with a heat exchange pipe 14; the heat exchange pipe 14 is a copper pipe. The pipe hole 141 of the heat exchange pipe is communicated with the seawater tank 111. The heat exchange pipe 14 is installed in the brine tank 112, and pipe holes 141 at both ends of the heat exchange pipe 14 are communicated with the seawater tank 111. To the heat that the discharged brine was taken away and is caused the problem that desalination efficiency is not high, sea water, fresh water, brine and heat transfer in an organic whole are deposited to base 11 collection, and this base 11 can make sea water, reentrant sea water input membrane 1242 after the abundant heat transfer of brine, can improve the initial temperature of the sea water that gets into evaporation piece 124 on the one hand, and partial heat that brine was taken away can be retrieved to on the other hand, improves solar energy utilization. The brine which is not evaporated has certain heat, and the seawater in the seawater tank 111 can enter the pipe hole 141 of the heat exchange pipe, so that the seawater can absorb the heat of the brine through the heat transfer of the heat exchange pipe 14, the seawater which is not desalinated has certain heat, the seawater can be conveniently subjected to subsequent desalination, and the heat utilization efficiency and the seawater evaporation efficiency are improved.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the base 11 is wrapped with insulating cotton.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the base 11 is provided with a support frame 114; the condensing member 121 is mounted on the supporting bracket 114. The support frame 114 includes two vertical plates fixed on the base 11 and a circular arc plate installed on the vertical plates. The two vertical plates are arranged at intervals, two ends of the arc plate are respectively installed on the two vertical plates, and the upper arc surface of the arc plate is matched with the radian of the lower surface of the top plate 1211 of the condensing part 121. The arc plate is a rigid plate, and the top plate 1211 has an upper arc surface that is flexible and can be attached to the arc plate.

Specifically, in an embodiment, the solar absorbing element 13, the evaporation film 1241 of the evaporation element 124, the top plate 1211 of the condensation element 121, and the arc plate of the supporting frame 114 are all in an arch bridge shape and have the radian matching, the middle portions of the solar absorbing element 13, the evaporation film 1241 of the evaporation element 124, the top plate 1211 of the condensation element 121, and the arc plate of the supporting frame 114 are high, the left and right sides of the solar absorbing element 13, the evaporation film 1241 of the evaporation element 124, the top plate 1211 of the condensation element 121, and the arc plate of the supporting frame 114 are low, so that the solar absorbing element 13, the evaporation film 1241 of the evaporation element 124, the top plate 1211 of the condensation element 121, and the arc plate of the supporting frame 114 are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, and the classification of brine and fresh water after seawater evaporation is also facilitated.

Specifically, in one embodiment, there are a plurality of desalinization units 12, each of the plurality of desalinization units 12 is located between the base 11 and the solar absorption member 13, the plurality of desalinization units 12 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the condensation member 121 of the lowermost desalinization unit 12 is mounted on the support frame 114, the solar absorption member 13 is mounted on the evaporation member 124 of the uppermost desalinization unit 12, and the evaporation members 124 of the remaining desalinization units 12 are connected to the condensation member 121 of the desalinization unit 12 above the evaporation member 13. The condensing member 121 condenses the water vapor passing through the hydrophobic film and discharges to the fresh water tank 113, while transferring latent heat of water vapor condensation to the evaporating member 124 of the next stage.

For example, when two desalinization units 12 are stacked in sequence from top to bottom, the seawater input membrane 1242 of the evaporation part 124 of each desalinization unit 12 extends into the seawater tank 111, the upper surface of the evaporation part 124 of the upper desalinization unit 12 is connected to the solar absorption part 13, the condensation part 121 of the upper desalinization unit 12 is installed on the evaporation part 124 of the lower desalinization unit 12, and the condensation part 121 of the lower desalinization unit 12 is installed on the support frame 114. The heat of the solar absorber 13 is transferred to each of the desalinizers 12 in turn from top to bottom. The heat in each desalination unit 12 passes through the evaporation part 124, the water-repellent part 122, the condensation part 121 in sequence, and then is transferred to the evaporation part 124 of the next desalination unit 12 through the condensation part 121.

The condensation efficiency of the traditional water vapor is not high, and the condensation piece 121 effectively strengthens the condensation of the water vapor and the heat exchange between the condensation plate and the next-stage evaporation piece 124, thereby being more beneficial to fresh water and collection of seawater. The hydrophilic membrane 1243 can eliminate brine to reduce the concentration of salt ions on the surface of the evaporation membrane 1241 and avoid the accumulation of solid crystal salt on the evaporation membrane 1241, thereby improving the activity of seawater and being beneficial to the evaporation of seawater under low temperature.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the base 11 and each of the desalinators 12 are each surrounded by a housing having a thermal insulating function, and the solar absorbing member 13 is disposed outside the housing.

The working principle of the seawater desalination device is as follows: when the seawater desalination device starts to operate, the seawater input membrane of the evaporation piece conveys seawater from the seawater tank of the base to the evaporation surface of the evaporation membrane under the driving of capillary force, meanwhile, the solar absorption plate converts solar radiation energy into heat energy to heat the seawater on the evaporation surface of the evaporation membrane in a heat conduction mode, so that the temperature of the seawater is continuously increased, and the temperature difference can cause different water vapor partial pressures, so that a smaller temperature difference exists between the temperature on the evaporation surface of the evaporation membrane and the hydrophobic membrane and the condensation piece below the evaporation surface. The evaporated water vapor passes through the hydrophobic membrane under the drive of pressure difference and enters the condensation piece, and because the hydrophobic membrane is a microporous membrane selectively penetrated by polytetrafluoroethylene, the seawater cannot pass through the microporous structure of the hydrophobic membrane, so the seawater is evaporated and separated to obtain the water vapor and the brine. The brine staying on the evaporation membrane can continuously drop into the brine tank along the hydrophilic membrane under the action of the capillary force and under the action of gravity, and meanwhile, the brine falling into the brine tank is subjected to sufficient heat exchange with the input seawater through the heat exchange tubes in the brine tank. The vapor that passes through hydrophobic membrane can condense in the condensate tank under the effect of heat transfer spare, form a little drop, the liquid drop can in time slide to the water-falling groove along the diapire of condensate tank slope under the action of gravity before forming the liquid film, the water-falling groove is the minimum of the terminal both sides in water-falling groove bottom drainage of fresh water that gets off of condensation again, discharge the fresh water tank through the pipe in the water-falling finally, in the fresh water condensation process at heat transfer spare, the latent heat of vaporization of vapor is released on the condensation spare, be used for heating the sea water in conducting this part of heat to the evaporation element of next desalination ware through heat conduction and convection current mode. The seawater desalination principle and the seawater desalination process of the uppermost desalter and the desalter below the uppermost desalter are basically the same, except that the uppermost desalter is provided, the other desalters drive the heat source to change the solar radiation heat energy into the vaporization latent heat of water vapor condensation.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 6, a seawater desalination system includes a seawater desalination apparatus 1, a seawater tank 2, a fresh water tank 3, a brine tank 4, a seawater pipe 5 for communicating the seawater tank 2 with a seawater tank 111, a fresh water pipe 6 for communicating the fresh water tank 3 with a fresh water tank 113, and a brine pipe 7 for communicating the brine tank 4 with a brine tank 112; the seawater desalination device 1, the seawater pipe 5, the fresh water pipe 6 and the brine pipe 7 are multiple, a first valve body 501 is arranged on each seawater pipe 5, a second valve body 601 is arranged on the fresh water tank 3, each fresh water pipe 6 is communicated with the fresh water tank 3 through the second valve body 601, and a third valve body 701 is arranged on each brine pipe 7. Sea water pipe 5, fresh water pipe 6, brine all install the below at base 11, fresh water tank 3, the height that brine tank 4 all is less than sea water desalination device 1, and sea water tank 2's height all is higher than sea water desalination device 1.

The first valve 501 controls the seawater to enter different seawater desalination devices 1 respectively. Each fresh water pipe 6 is communicated with the same second valve body 601, and the second valve body 601 is communicated with the fresh water tank 3.

The seawater desalination device 1 is provided with a plurality of seawater desalination devices 1 which are distributed in parallel in an array manner, the seawater desalination devices 1 are respectively provided with a seawater pipe 5, a fresh water pipe 6 and a brine pipe 7 correspondingly, the seawater pipe 5 is provided with a first valve body 501, and the brine pipe 7 is provided with a third valve body 701. The third valve body 701 is a two-way valve. The third valve body 701 communicates the brine tank 112 and the brine tank 4.

The plurality of seawater desalination devices 1 are arranged at intervals to realize series connection, seawater can flow through the plurality of seawater desalination devices 1 to be heated and evaporated for a plurality of times under the series operation mode of the seawater desalination devices 1, and the salt concentration of the seawater reaches saturation at the moment, so that the evaporation piece 124 of the seawater desalination device 1 at the tail end of the series operation is continuously provided with solid-state crystallization salt, and therefore the seawater desalination device 1 can be set in a night salt discharge mode.

Specifically, in one embodiment, the seawater desalination system further comprises a console 8, a radiation intensity measuring instrument 9 electrically connected to the console 8, and a delivery pipe 10; each first valve body 501, each second valve body 601 and each third valve body 701 are electrically connected with the console 8; each of the first valve element 501, the second valve element 601, and the third valve element 701 is an electrically operated valve, and the console 8 can control opening and closing of each of the first valve element 501, the second valve element 601, and the third valve element 701. The radiation intensity measuring instrument 9 can measure the solar radiation intensity, so that the system can control different numbers of seawater desalination devices 1 to be connected in series according to the intensity of the sun to desalinate seawater to adapt to the radiation intensities of different sun, the evaporation temperature and the evaporation rate of seawater are effectively improved, and the water yield and the water production efficiency of fresh water are improved.

The plurality of seawater desalination devices 1 are sequentially arranged along a second predetermined direction, the conveying pipes 10 are multiple, and along the second predetermined direction (from left to right), the brine tank 112 of the previous seawater desalination device 1 is communicated with the seawater tank 111 of the next seawater desalination device 1 through the conveying pipes 10.

The seawater desalination devices 1 are sequentially connected in series along the arrangement direction of the seawater desalination devices 1, except that the first valve body 501 on the seawater pipe 5 connected with the first seawater desalination device 1 is a two-way valve which is communicated with the seawater tank 2 and the seawater tank 111, the first valve bodies 501 on the seawater pipes 5 connected with the other seawater desalination devices 1 are three-way valves, and the three-way valves are communicated with the brine tank 112 of the previous seawater desalination device 1 besides the seawater tank 2 and the seawater tank 111. As shown in fig. 6, four seawater desalination devices 1 are arranged in sequence from left to right, except the seawater desalination device 1 at the leftmost end, the seawater tanks 111 of the other seawater desalination devices 1 are communicated with the brine tank 112 of the seawater desalination device 1 on the left through the material conveying pipe 10 connected through one of the valve ports of the three-way valve.

Aiming at the problems of low seawater heating temperature and low seawater desalination efficiency caused by the intermittency and instability of solar radiation, the seawater desalination system formed by connecting a plurality of seawater desalination devices 1 in series is adopted, and the system can control a first valve body 501, a second valve body 601 and a third valve body 701 through a control console 8 so as to control different numbers of seawater desalination devices 1 to desalinate seawater, so that the system can adapt to different solar radiation intensities. When the solar radiation is not strong, a certain number of seawater desalination devices are connected in series, brine discharged from the previous seawater desalination device 1 is sent to the seawater tank 111 of the next seawater desalination device 1 through the feed delivery pipe 10 to be used as input seawater, and the initial temperature of the input seawater is increased, so that the seawater evaporation efficiency is improved. When solar radiation is strong, each seawater desalination device 1 operates independently, and the seawater tank 2 directly conveys seawater to each seawater desalination device 1, so that the maximum water yield and water production efficiency are achieved.

The seawater desalination system can adopt a night salt discharge mode aiming at the problems of overhigh salt ion concentration and accumulation of solid crystalline salt of the seawater desalination device 1, and effectively eliminates the salt ions and the solid crystalline salt on the evaporation piece 124.

The working principle of the seawater desalination system is as follows: when a plurality of seawater desalination devices connected in series start to operate, the desalination principle of each seawater desalination device is the same as that of the single seawater desalination device. The seawater desalination system consists of a plurality of seawater desalination devices, for example, 2 or 4 seawater desalination devices can be selected to be connected in series to operate, and each device can operate independently or in combination. When the seawater desalination system starts to operate, the radiation intensity measuring instrument inputs the measured solar radiation intensity real-time data into the console, and the console calculates that the two seawater desalination devices operate in series through a program to obtain the optimal water yield and water production efficiency.

Take two seawater desalination devices as an example:

when solar radiation is strong, the first valve body is controlled to be kept open so that seawater in the seawater tank can be input into the seawater grooves of the two seawater desalination devices, one valve port of the first valve body on the second seawater desalination device is closed simultaneously, brine in the first seawater desalination device cannot enter the seawater groove of the second seawater desalination device, and after each seawater desalination device carries out seawater desalination respectively, the third valve body and the second valve body are opened, and separated brine and separated fresh water are sent to the brine tank and the fresh water tank respectively.

When solar radiation is weak, the third valve body of the first seawater desalination device is closed to enable brine not to enter the brine tank, then the first valve body on the seawater pipe communicated with the seawater tank of the second seawater desalination device is controlled to enable the valve body to be communicated with the brine tank of the first seawater desalination device, so that brine in the brine tank of the first seawater desalination device enters the seawater tank of the second seawater desalination device from the feed pipe, the brine is subjected to a second seawater desalination process, and the initial temperature of input seawater is increased, so that the seawater evaporation efficiency is improved.

In the process, the second valve body can be kept closed in the whole process, fresh water can be fully exchanged with input seawater on the base, and the second valve body is opened to recover the fresh water when solar radiation does not exist.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seawater desalination device is characterized in that: the solar desalination device comprises a base, a desalination device and a solar energy absorption piece, wherein the desalination device is installed on the base; the base is provided with a seawater tank, a brine tank and a fresh water tank;

2. A seawater desalination plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the condensing part is also provided with a water falling groove communicated with the condensing groove; the downpipe is arranged on the condensation piece and communicated with the downpipe groove, and a pipe orifice of the downpipe is positioned above the fresh water tank.

3. A seawater desalination plant as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the condensation piece comprises a top plate, a first side plate connected with the top plate and a second side plate connected with the top plate; the first side plate and the second side plate are respectively arranged at two sides of the top plate, the condensation groove is formed in the upper surface of the top plate, and the first side plate and the second side plate are both provided with water falling grooves;

4. A seawater desalination plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the hydrophobic part is a hydrophobic membrane, and the hydrophobic membrane and the inner wall of the condensation tank jointly form a sealed cavity for placing the heat exchange part; the heat exchange piece is in a grid shape and is an integrated piece made of metal.

5. A seawater desalination plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein: hydrophilic membrane is trapezoidal, hydrophilic membrane's upper end with the evaporation film is connected, hydrophilic membrane's lower extreme unsettled setting, hydrophilic membrane's cross-sectional area down scales up from last.

6. A seawater desalination plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a heat exchange tube is arranged in the brine tank; the pipe hole of the heat exchange pipe is communicated with the seawater tank.

7. A seawater desalination plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a support frame is arranged on the base; the condensing part is installed on the supporting frame.

8. A seawater desalination plant as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the desalination device comprises a plurality of desalination devices, the desalination devices are all positioned between the base and the solar energy absorption piece and are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and a condensation piece of the desalination device at the lowest part is arranged on the supporting frame; the solar absorption piece is arranged on the evaporation piece of the desalinator at the uppermost part, and the rest evaporation pieces of the desalinator are connected with the condensation piece of the desalinator above the evaporation piece.

9. A seawater desalination system is characterized in that: comprising a seawater desalination plant, a seawater tank, a freshwater tank, a brine tank, a seawater pipe for communicating the seawater tank with the seawater tank, a freshwater pipe for communicating the freshwater tank with the freshwater tank, and a brine pipe for communicating the brine tank with the brine tank, according to any one of claims 1 to 8; the seawater desalination device, the seawater pipe, the fresh water pipe and the brine pipe are all provided with a plurality of valves, each seawater pipe is provided with a first valve body, the fresh water tank is provided with a second valve body, each fresh water pipe is communicated with the fresh water tank through the second valve body, and each brine pipe is provided with a third valve body.

10. A seawater desalination system as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the radiation intensity measuring instrument is electrically connected with the console; each first valve body, each second valve body and each third valve body are electrically connected with the console;