CN215513240U - 配电系统 - Google Patents

配电系统 Download PDF

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CN215513240U
CN215513240U CN202120802447.6U CN202120802447U CN215513240U CN 215513240 U CN215513240 U CN 215513240U CN 202120802447 U CN202120802447 U CN 202120802447U CN 215513240 U CN215513240 U CN 215513240U
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distribution system
power distribution
voltage
converter
battery
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村冈充敏
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/003—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H02J1/082—Plural DC voltage, e.g. DC supply voltage with at least two different DC voltage levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/008—Plural converter units for generating at two or more independent and non-parallel outputs, e.g. systems with plural point of load switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/10—Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from ac or dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本实用新型公开了一种配电系统包括第一电池、分别紧密联接到多个第一负载的多个第一DC/DC转换器，其中，每个第一DC/DC转换器将来自该第一电池的第一电压转换为向相应的第一负载供应电力的不同的第二电压。在该配电系统中，即使一些第一DC/DC转换器发生故障，也只有与故障的第一DC/DC转换器相对应的负载会丢失电力供应，而其他负载仍在工作。

Description

配电系统
技术领域
本公开涉及电力电子技术领域，并且更具体地涉及一种电动车辆的配电系统。
背景技术
完全或部分由电动马达驱动的车辆越来越受欢迎。诸如电池电动车辆(BEV)、混合动力电动车辆(HEV)、插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)和燃料电池电动车辆(FCEV)等电动车辆(xEV)的当前配电系统同时包括高压电池10(高于60V，其通常是锂离子电池)和辅助电池40(其是铅电池)，如图1所示。通常，高压电池经由DC/DC转换器20向低压电力网中的负载30(诸如空调、电动动力转向、加热挡风玻璃，它们通常由12V/24V网络供电)供应电力。如果DC/DC转换器20发生故障或无法工作，则将导致低压电力网中的所有负载的电力中断。当辅助电池40的放电结束时，xEV的所有功能将关闭。如果车辆中没有辅助电池，则情况可能会变得更糟，因为xEV的所有功能将在DC/DC转换器故障后立即关闭。
进一步地，在图1所示的这种集中式系统架构中，低压(12V/24V)配电导致连接负载和DC/DC转换器的电缆尺寸较大，这对于xEV的轻型设计是不希望的。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的一方面是提供一种可靠的配电系统，该配电系统包括第一电池、多个第一负载、分别联接到该多个第一负载的多个第一DC/DC转换器，其中，每个第一DC/DC转换器将来自第一电池的第一电压转换为向相应的第一负载供应电力的不同的第二电压。
附图说明
图1示意性地展示了常规的集中式配电系统。
图2示意性地展示了根据本实用新型的实施例的配电系统。
图3示意性地展示了根据本实用新型的另一实施例的配电系统。
图4示意性地展示了根据本实用新型的进一步实施例的具有第二负载的配电系统。
图5示意性地展示了根据本实用新型的进一步实施例的具有第二DC/DC转换器的配电系统。
图6示意性地展示了根据本实用新型的进一步实施例的具有第二负载和第二DC/DC转换器的配电系统。
图7示意性地展示了根据本实用新型的一个实施例的高压应用。
图8示意性地展示了根据本实用新型的另一实施例的高压应用。
图9示意性地展示了在本实用新型的低压应用中的配电系统。
具体实施方式
图2示意性地展示了根据本实用新型的实施例的配电系统。在xEV中利用配电系统为车辆负载供应电力。配电系统包括第一电池1(所谓的高压电池，其电压高于60V)和多个第一负载3，诸如空调、电动动力转向系统、加热挡风玻璃等。配电系统进一步包括分别紧密地联接到(安装在、插入到或与其集成于)多个第一负载的多个第一DC/DC转换器2。每个第一DC/DC转换器2将来自第一电池1的第一电压转换为向相应的第一负载3供应电力的不同的第二电压。第二电压(所谓的低压)低于60V，通常为12V或24V。在这种情况下，根据(在车辆安全条例中规定的)高于60V的电路应与低于60V的电路进行电隔离的典型情况，高于60V的电压称为高压，而低于60V的电压称为低压，但应当理解，其他电压值也可以用作高/低压。在该配电系统中，即使某些第一DC/DC转换器发生故障，也只有与故障的第一DC/DC转换器相对应的负载会丢失电力供应并无法工作，而其他负载仍在工作，这使得xEV的驾驶者能够将xEV驱动到修理厂。进一步地，由于每个第一转换器的输入都联接到高压电力网(高于60V)，因此减小了连接高压电池和紧密联接到负载的每个第一DC/DC转换器的电缆的总尺寸。
可选地，对于高优先级的第一负载，提供了辅助电池4，以在第一DC/DC转换器发生故障的情况下向高优先级的第一负载供应电力。
对于每个第一DC/DC转换器，DC输入和DC输出彼此电隔离，并且在这种情况下，只有DC输出连接到车辆底盘，而DC输入(其联接到高压电池并且高于60V)不得连接到车辆底盘，而是悬浮。在其他情况下，如果这两个电力网均处理高于60V的电压(例如，400V至100V)，则它们均不得连接到车辆底盘，而是悬浮。这样，可以在高压电路的带电部件裸露在外并且例如由于发生车祸事故而容易被触及的情况下保护乘客不受高压侧的电击危害。
在如图3所示的另一优选实施例中，所有的第一负载3都联接到辅助电池4，以在相应的第一DC/DC转换器发生故障的情况下确保低压电力网(低于60V)的电力供应。
图4示意性地展示了根据本实用新型的进一步实施例的具有第二负载的配电系统。对于一些不太重要的车辆负载，临时切断电力供应不那么关键。对于独立于主配电系统进行供电的其他车辆负载，从总体系统架构设计思路来看，这些负载需要分离式电力供应。因此，每个第二负载31不联接到单独的第一DC/DC转换器，而是联接到辅助电池4。在这种情况下，一些第一负载可以与辅助电池4断开联接。
图5示意性地展示了根据本实用新型的进一步优选实施例的具有第二DC/DC转换器5的配电系统。第二DC/DC转换器5的输入联接到高压电池，而第二DC/DC转换器5的输出联接到所有第一负载3。第二DC/DC转换器5的输入与第二DC/DC转换器5的输出电隔离。在该实施例中，每个第一负载可以由高压电池1经由第一DC/DC转换器3、第二DC/DC转换器5来供电，或者可以由辅助电池4来供电(这三种供电的电压并不总是相同)，因此进一步确保了每个第一负载的电力供应。
图6示意性地展示了根据本实用新型的进一步实施例的具有第二负载的配电系统。在该实施例中，同时提供了多个第二负载31和第二DC/DC转换器5。由于某些车辆负载不太重要和/或需要独立于主配电系统供电，因此每个第二负载31都不联接到单独的第一DC/DC转换器，而是联接到辅助电池4或第二DC/DC转换器5或这两者(这两种供电的电压并不总是相同)。每个第一负载联接到辅助电池4或第二DC/DC转换器，或者联接到这两者或这两者都不联接(同样，这三种或两种供电的电压并不总是相同)。
在其他应用中，所有第一负载均由高压(高于60V)供电，即，第一电压和第二电压均为高压。在这种情况下，对于每个DC/DC转换器，DC输入侧的接地和DC输出侧的接地具有相同的参考电势，因此不需要电隔离。在另一替代实施例中，DC输出侧的接地的参考电势与DC输入侧的接地的参考电势不同，并且DC输出侧的接地未连接到车辆底盘。
例如，在本实用新型的一个高压应用中(如图7所示)，第一电压和第二电压均高于60V，例如，第一电压为400V，并且第二电压为200V。DC输入不与DC输出电隔离，DC输入侧的接地与DC输出侧的参考电势相同，并且这两个接地都必须悬浮并与车辆底盘分开，以确保乘客的安全。在另一个高压应用中(如图8所示)，DC输入与DC输出电隔离，DC输入侧的接地与DC输出侧的参考电势不同，并且这两个接地都必须悬浮并与车辆底盘分开。图7至图8所示的概念适用于图2至图6所示的配电系统。
基于以上所述，作为本实用新型的进一步实施例，图9示意性地展示了其中所有第一负载均由低压(低于60V的低压电池11)供电的配电系统，即，第一电压和第二电压都是低压，如48V HEV系统。在此，最初在每个第一DC/DC转换器中都不需要隔离，并且DC输入侧的接地和DC输出侧的接地具有连接到车辆底盘的相同参考电势。但最近，作为应对EMC、短路和其他故障安全设计问题的一种方式，那里的隔离越来越有必要。图9的构建与图2的系统概念相同，这种完全由低压(低于60V)供电的情况也可以扩展到图3、图4、图5和图6。
可选地，配电系统中包括辅助电池4。然而，对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是，可能不需要辅助电池4。如图9所示，辅助电池4连接到高优先级的第一负载(如起动器)以在低温下负载不能由高压电池供电的情况下提供电力供应。
上文提到的第一DC/DC转换器和第二DC/DC转换器可以提供双向的电力转换，也可以以单向的方式进行(从高压侧到低压侧)。
因此，尽管已经参考特定实施例描述了本实用新型，但是本说明书是对本实用新型的说明，而不应被解释为对本实用新型的限制。在不脱离由所附权利要求限定的本实用新型的真实精神和范围的情况下，本领域技术人员可以想到多个不同的修改和应用。

Claims (12)

1.一种配电系统，包括第一电池和多个第一负载，所述配电系统进一步包括分别联接到所述多个第一负载的多个第一DC/DC转换器，其中，每个第一DC/DC转换器将来自所述第一电池的第一电压转换为向相应的第一负载供应电力的不同的第二电压。
2.如权利要求1所述的配电系统，其中，所述第一电压为高压，并且所述第二电压为低压。
3.如权利要求1所述的配电系统，其中，每个第一DC/DC转换器的DC输入和DC输出被电隔离。
4.如权利要求1所述的配电系统，其中，每个第一DC/DC转换器的DC输出的接地连接到车辆底盘。
5.如权利要求1所述的配电系统，其中，所述第一电压和所述第二电压均为高压。
6.如权利要求5所述的配电系统，其中，对于每个第一DC/DC转换器，所述DC输入侧的接地和所述DC输出侧的接地具有相同的参考电势。
7.如权利要求5所述的配电系统，其中，对于每个第一DC/DC转换器，所述DC输出侧的接地的参考电势与所述DC输入侧的接地的参考电势不同。
8.如权利要求1所述的配电系统，其中，所述第一电压和所述第二电压均为低压。
9.如权利要求1所述的配电系统，其中，所述配电系统进一步包括第二DC/DC转换器，所述第二DC/DC转换器的输入联接到所述第一电池，并且其输出联接到至少一个第一负载。
10.如权利要求9所述的配电系统，其中，所述配电系统进一步包括联接到所述第二DC/DC转换器的至少一个第二负载。
11.如权利要求1所述的配电系统，其中，所述配电系统进一步包括联接到至少一个第一负载的辅助电池。
12.如权利要求11所述的配电系统，其中，所述配电系统进一步包括联接到所述辅助电池的至少一个第二负载。
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