CN215479774U - System for aluminium ash preparation polyaluminium chloride - Google Patents
System for aluminium ash preparation polyaluminium chloride Download PDFInfo
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- CN215479774U CN215479774U CN202120573220.9U CN202120573220U CN215479774U CN 215479774 U CN215479774 U CN 215479774U CN 202120573220 U CN202120573220 U CN 202120573220U CN 215479774 U CN215479774 U CN 215479774U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metallurgy environmental protection, and particularly relates to equipment for producing polyaluminium chloride by using aluminum ash, in particular to a system for preparing the polyaluminium chloride by using the aluminum ash. The device comprises a pretreatment unit, an alkali dissolution unit, a granulation roasting unit, a polyaluminium chloride production unit and a spray drying unit, wherein the pretreatment unit, the alkali dissolution unit, the granulation roasting unit, the polyaluminium chloride production unit and the spray drying unit are sequentially installed according to the upstream to downstream direction of material transmission. The pretreatment unit separates metal aluminum in the input aluminum ash from other solid materials, the alkali dissolution unit is used for carrying out alkali dissolution on the solid materials, the granulation roasting unit is used for reprocessing the solid materials to prepare aluminum-calcium particles with uniform particle size and roasting the particles to prepare calcium aluminate, the polyaluminium chloride production unit is used for smashing the calcium aluminate to prepare powder, acid dissolution and curing are carried out to prepare polyaluminium chloride liquid, and the spray drying unit is used for centrifugally separating the polyaluminium chloride liquid and preparing dried polyaluminium chloride powder.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metallurgy environmental protection, and particularly relates to equipment for producing polyaluminium chloride by using aluminum ash, in particular to a system for preparing the polyaluminium chloride by using the aluminum ash.
Background
The polyaluminium chloride is an inorganic flocculant, is widely used for purifying water quality in the fields of water supply and sewage treatment, has large demand, belongs to a high-consumption product, and mainly relates to drinking water treatment, municipal sewage treatment and papermaking printing and dyeing wastewater treatment. The method has the advantages of low price, high hydrolysis speed, strong adsorption capacity, no corrosion to pipeline equipment and the like, and is widely applied.
The aluminum ash is slag and floating skin generated in the aluminum smelting process, and the main components of the aluminum ash comprise aluminum, aluminum oxide, metal chloride and the like, wherein the content of the aluminum is about 20 percent, and the content of the aluminum oxide is about 30 percent, so the aluminum ash has high recovery value. According to statistics, about 1t of aluminum ash is generated every 100t of aluminum is generated, and due to the fact that a large amount of aluminum ash is accumulated, not only is resource waste caused, but also environmental pollution is caused, and therefore, strengthening of comprehensive utilization of the aluminum ash is imperative.
The aluminum ash is recycled for producing the polyaluminium chloride, so that the environmental pollution is reduced, and the cyclic development of aluminum industrial resources can be realized. However, the currently used aluminum ash treatment method is rough, and the traditional industry adopts a one-step acid dissolution method, an alkali dissolution method, a neutralization method and an electrolysis method to prepare the polyaluminum chloride. Therefore, a more reasonable and efficient polyaluminium chloride preparation system with low pollutants is designed for recycling the aluminium ash.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a system for preparing polyaluminium chloride from the aluminum ash, which is prepared by performing ball milling, screening, alkali dissolution, filter pressing, granulation and roasting on the aluminum ash to prepare calcium aluminate powder, and performing acid dissolution, curing, filter pressing, spray drying and other processes on the obtained calcium aluminate powder to prepare solid polyaluminium chloride powder.
The technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:
a system for preparing polyaluminium chloride from aluminium ash is characterized in that: the device comprises a pretreatment unit, an alkali dissolution unit, a granulation roasting unit, a polyaluminium chloride production unit and a spray drying unit, wherein the pretreatment unit, the alkali dissolution unit, the granulation roasting unit, the polyaluminium chloride production unit and the spray drying unit are sequentially installed according to the upstream direction to the downstream direction of material transmission; the pretreatment unit separates metal aluminum in input aluminum ash from other solid materials by a physical method, the alkali dissolution unit is used for carrying out alkali dissolution on the solid materials, the granulation roasting unit is used for reprocessing the solid materials to prepare aluminum-calcium particles with uniform particle size and roasting the particles to prepare calcium aluminate, the polyaluminium chloride production unit is used for smashing the calcium aluminate to prepare powder, continuously carrying out reaction and curing to prepare polyaluminium chloride liquid, and the spray drying unit is used for centrifugally separating and drying the polyaluminium chloride liquid until the dried polyaluminium chloride powder is prepared.
Furthermore, the pretreatment unit comprises at least one stage of ball mill and a screening machine, wherein aluminum ash is introduced into the feeding side of the ball mill, and metal aluminum and solid materials are respectively screened out from the discharging side of the screening machine.
Further, the alkali dissolving unit comprises a reaction kettle and a filter press, the reaction kettle is provided with a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet and a tail gas discharge port, the liquid inlet is communicated with an external liquid source, and the outside isThe liquid source can lead water and Ca (OH) into the reaction kettle2The liquid outlet of the solution is communicated with a filter press through a pump machine, and the filtrate of the filter press is communicated with the reaction kettle for backflow.
Furthermore, an adsorption tower is installed at a tail gas discharge port of the reaction kettle, and an acidic solution is introduced into the adsorption tower.
Furthermore, the granulation roasting unit comprises a granulation system and a rake furnace, a mixer is arranged in front of the granulation system, and the discharge side of the granulation system is communicated with the feed side of the rake furnace.
Furthermore, the polyaluminium chloride production unit comprises a pulverizer, a reaction kettle, a curing kettle and a filter press which are sequentially arranged, hydrochloric acid is introduced into the reaction kettle, and metal aluminum separated by the pretreatment unit is introduced into the curing kettle.
Further, the spray drying unit comprises a drying tower, a high-speed centrifugal atomizer is installed at the top in the drying tower, the middle of the drying tower is communicated with the air outlet side of the hot blast stove, and a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the drying tower.
Furthermore, the air outlet side of the drying tower is communicated with a cyclone separator.
The utility model has the advantages and positive effects that:
the utility model provides a system for preparing polyaluminium chloride from aluminium ash, which adopts a pretreatment unit, an alkali dissolution unit, a granulation roasting unit, a polyaluminium chloride production unit and a spray drying unit which are sequentially arranged to cooperate. The pretreatment unit separates metal aluminum in input aluminum ash from other solid materials by a physical method, the alkali dissolution unit is used for carrying out alkali dissolution on the solid materials and treating generated ammonia gas to generate byproducts, the granulation roasting unit can prepare aluminum-calcium particles with uniform particle sizes and roast the particles through a rake furnace to prepare calcium aluminate, the polyaluminium chloride production unit breaks the calcium aluminate into powder and prepares polyaluminium chloride liquid through acid dissolution and curing, and the spray drying unit centrifugally separates and dries the polyaluminium chloride liquid until the dried polyaluminium chloride powder is prepared.
According to the utility model, the pretreatment unit is matched with the screening machine by adopting a ball mill, large-particle aluminum ash is firstly subjected to ball milling and crushing, metal aluminum and small-particle solid materials are respectively treated after screening is finished, the metal aluminum which can be directly extracted is collected and secondarily utilized through fine treatment, and the crushing of the solid materials is favorable for fully performing the subsequent alkali dissolution process.
In the utility model, the reaction kettle is used as a reaction container in the alkali dissolving unit, alkali dissolving is carried out in the reaction kettle, and a filter cake is prepared by filtering through a filter press, and ammonia gas generated in the alkali dissolving process can be absorbed by dilute sulfuric acid to obtain a byproduct ammonium sulfate, so that the economic benefit is increased.
In the utility model, the aluminum ash after alkali dissolution (acid dissolution) is not directly roasted as in the traditional process, but the filter cake and the quicklime are mixed to prepare uniform granules, and then the granules are fully roasted. The calcium aluminate powder with the content of aluminum oxide and calcium oxide reaching the standard is prepared by granulation and roasting, the aluminum oxide in the aluminum ash is fully activated, the content of aluminum in the finished polyaluminium chloride is increased, the grade of the finished product is improved, the generated intermediate product calcium aluminate powder can be sold, the generated aluminum slag can be used for preparing ceramsite, and the hot flue gas can be used for spray drying by recovering waste heat through a heat exchanger, so that the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
According to the utility model, the polyaluminium chloride production unit comprises a pulverizer, a reaction kettle, a curing kettle and a filter press, hydrochloric acid is introduced into the reaction kettle for acid dissolution, metallic aluminium sieved in the pretreatment unit is used for a curing process after acid dissolution, the content of heavy metals in the polyaluminium chloride is reduced, and then a high-quality polyaluminium chloride finished product is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative, not limiting and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model.
A system for preparing polyaluminium chloride from aluminium ash is characterized in that: the device comprises a pretreatment unit, an alkali dissolution unit, a granulation roasting unit, a polyaluminium chloride production unit and a spray drying unit, wherein the pretreatment unit, the alkali dissolution unit, the granulation roasting unit, the polyaluminium chloride production unit and the spray drying unit are sequentially installed according to the upstream direction to the downstream direction of material transmission; the pretreatment unit separates metal aluminum in input aluminum ash from other solid materials by a physical method, the alkali dissolution unit is used for carrying out alkali dissolution on the solid materials, the granulation roasting unit is used for reprocessing the solid materials to prepare aluminum-calcium particles with uniform particle size and roasting the particles to prepare calcium aluminate, the polyaluminium chloride production unit is used for smashing the calcium aluminate to prepare powder, continuously carrying out reaction and curing to prepare polyaluminium chloride liquid, and the spray drying unit is used for centrifugally separating and drying the polyaluminium chloride liquid until the dried polyaluminium chloride powder is prepared.
In this embodiment, the pretreatment unit includes at least one ball mill and a screening machine, and aluminum ash is introduced into the feed side of the ball mill, and metallic aluminum and solid materials are respectively screened out from the discharge side of the screening machine.
In this embodiment, the alkali solution unit comprises a reaction kettle and a filter press, the reaction kettle is provided with a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet and a tail gas discharge port, the liquid inlet is communicated with an external liquid source, and the external liquid source can introduce water and Ca (OH) into the reaction kettle2The liquid outlet of the solution is communicated with a filter press through a pump machine, and the filtrate of the filter press is communicated with the reaction kettle for backflow.
In this embodiment, an adsorption tower is installed at a tail gas discharge port of the reaction kettle, and an acidic solution is introduced into the adsorption tower.
In this embodiment, a screw feeder is installed between the filter press and the granulating system.
In this embodiment, the granulation roasting unit includes a granulation system and a rake furnace, a mixer is disposed in front of the granulation system, and a discharge side of the granulation system is communicated with a feed side of the rake furnace.
In this example, a rake furnace for firing aluminum-calcium materials consists of a cylindrical metal shell of upright construction with an inner lining of refractory material, and a series of horizontal disc-shaped "hearths" arranged in parallel within the shell. The middle shaft vertically penetrates through the whole furnace body, a cantilever structural type harrow arm is arranged on the middle shaft at the corresponding position on each layer of hearth, and harrow teeth/coulters for stirring are arranged on the harrow arm. The rotation of the central shaft drives the harrow arm and harrow teeth, so that the solid material is mechanically pushed to pass through the whole furnace.
In this embodiment, the tail gas exhaust side of the rake furnace is conducted with the heat exchanger, exchanges heat with cold air through the heat exchanger, then is combined with the polyaluminium chloride spray-dried tail gas, and is sent to a water washing tower and an alkaline washing tower, and is discharged after reaching standards after being washed and purified. The hot air of the heat exchanger is conducted with the spray drying device of the polyaluminium chloride to be used as an auxiliary heat source.
In this embodiment, the polyaluminum chloride production unit includes a pulverizer, a reaction kettle, a curing kettle, and a filter press, which are sequentially installed, hydrochloric acid is introduced into the reaction kettle, and metallic aluminum separated by the pretreatment unit is introduced into the curing kettle.
In this embodiment, the spray drying unit includes a drying tower, and high-speed centrifugal atomizer is installed at the top in the drying tower, and the air-out side of drying tower middle part and hot-blast furnace switches on, and drying tower bottom system has the discharge gate.
In this embodiment, the air outlet side of the drying tower is communicated with a cyclone separator.
The working process of the utility model is as follows:
when the device is used, the collected aluminum ash is temporarily stored in a dangerous waste warehouse, and the aluminum ash is transported to a production device through a forklift during production. The aluminum ash firstly enters a ball mill after being broken, is conveyed to a screening machine by a belt after being ground and pressed by the ball mill, and is separated from the metal aluminum contained in the aluminum ash. Conveying the crushed and screened aluminum ash into a reaction kettle by a vacuum feeder, and simultaneously adding Ca (OH) into the reaction kettle2And water, so that ALN contained in the aluminum ash undergoes hydrolysis reaction under alkaline conditions: ca (OH)2+3ALN+5H2O→AL(OH)3+Ca(ALO2)2+3NH3Thereby removing most AlN in the aluminum ash.
Ammonia gas is generated in the AlN hydrolysis process, so that the tail gas of the reaction kettle is introduced into an acid absorption tower, 20% dilute sulfuric acid is used for absorbing ammonia in the tail gas, a 25% ammonium sulfate solution is generated, and the ammonium sulfate solution is evaporated to obtain a byproduct ammonium sulfate. And introducing tail gas subjected to acid absorption into the rake furnace for auxiliary combustion.
After the reaction is finished, the mixed solution containing the aluminum ash is conveyed to a filter press by a pump from the reaction kettle for solid-liquid separation, a filter cake with the water content of about 30-35% is obtained after filter pressing, and the filter liquor of the filter press is returned to the reaction kettle for recycling. And (3) conveying the press-filtered filter cake to a mixer of a granulation system through a screw, simultaneously quantitatively adding quick lime into the mixer, uniformly mixing the aluminum ash filter cake and the quick lime in the mixer, and conveying the mixture to the granulation system for granulation. The aluminum-calcium particles after being granulated are conveyed to a feed chute of the rake furnace through a belt and quantitatively enter the rake furnace through a flap valve at the bottom of the feed chute for high-temperature roasting. In the material roasting process, materials sequentially pass through a drying zone (the furnace temperature is 100-300 ℃ and the residence time is about 15min), a roasting zone (the furnace temperature is 600-700 ℃ and the residence time is about 45min) and a cooling zone (the residence time is about 15min) of the furnace under the action of a central shaft-rake arm-rake tooth system, then leave the furnace and are discharged into a cooling system. High-temperature flue gas (500 ℃) discharged by the rake furnace exchanges heat with cold air, then is combined with spray drying tail gas of the polyaluminium chloride, is sent into a water washing tower and an alkaline washing tower, and is discharged after reaching the standard after being washed and purified. The hot air after heat exchange is used as an auxiliary heat source of the polyaluminium chloride spray drying device.
The alumina and the calcium oxide are combined to generate calcium aluminate (CaO + AL) in the roasting process of the aluminum calcium particles in the rake furnace2O3→CaO·AL2O3) Cooling and crushing calcium aluminate particles discharged from the rake furnace to obtain calcium aluminate powder, sending part of the calcium aluminate powder to a polyaluminium chloride production line, and packaging the rest part of the calcium aluminate powder by ton bags for sale.
Polyaluminium chloride production unit: conveying the calcium aluminate powder crushed to 100 meshes by the crusher to a reaction kettle feeding groove by a belt, adding water into the reaction kettle, stirring, conveying the calcium aluminate powder into the reaction kettle by a quantitative conveying device, then quantitatively adding waste hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 30%, slowly adding the calcium aluminate powder for reaction, keeping the temperature of hot steam at 85 ℃, and simultaneously adding part of water into the reaction kettle. The main reaction of calcium aluminate powder and hydrochloric acid is as follows:
Al2O3+HCl→Al2(OH)nCl6-n
CaO+2HCl→CaCl2+2H2O
during the reaction, basic aluminum chloride is generated. When the p H value is increased to a certain value, bridging polymerization and self-polymerization occur between two adjacent hydroxyl groups until a certain polymerization degree is reached: mAl2(OH)nCl6-n→[Al2(OH)nCl6-n]mThe calcium oxide reaches the standard as a basicity regulator and generates soluble calcium chloride. In the reaction process, the temperature in the reaction kettle can be gradually raised, when the temperature is higher than 110 ℃, a proper amount of water can be added for inhibition, so that the reaction is not fiercely overflowed, a small amount of water is added for many times, and the normal required temperature is maintained. And after the calcium aluminate powder is added, reacting for 2 hours, and when the pH value is more than 3, conveying the mixture to a curing kettle, adding metal aluminum screened out by a front-end aluminum ash screening unit in the curing process to replace heavy metal, after curing for 36 hours, conveying the cured liquid to a filter press for solid-liquid separation, collecting the obtained filtrate in a finished product liquid tank, and conveying the filter residue to a ceramic granule preparation system after the filter residue is collected.
The polyaluminium chloride liquid temporarily stored in the finished product liquid tank is conveyed to a high-speed centrifugal atomizer at the top of the spray drying tower through a conveying pump, and the materials are crushed into liquid drop mist under the action of centrifugal force. Meanwhile, normal temperature air is filtered, then is sent into a direct combustion type gas hot blast stove through a blower, is heated to 420-460 ℃, uniformly enters the upper part of a drying tower through a hot blast pipeline and a hot blast distributor, is in large-area convection contact with fog groups, evaporates water and is dried into powder, and meanwhile, the temperature of the air is reduced to about 110 ℃.
The dried product is discharged from the lower part of the drying tower and enters a tower cooling lifting system and a tower cooling granulation system for packaging, a small amount of fine powder and tail gas are separated into fine powder by a cyclone separator, and a cooling pipe package is arranged at the lower part of the cyclone separator. The tail gas separated and discharged by the cyclone separator is introduced into a combined multi-stage spray washing tower through a draught fan, is neutralized by a two-stage alkali liquor spray tower after being washed by two stages of water, and is discharged through a chimney 50 m high. The materials separated from the bottom of the spray drying tower and the cyclone separator are sent to a material collecting box by an air conveying system for storage, cooling and packaging.
The quality of the spray product is ensured by the inlet and outlet temperatures of the drying tower; the air inlet temperature is ensured by a direct combustion type gas hot blast stove; the air outlet temperature is the feeding rotating speed of the automatic adjusting feeding pump through the intelligent control instrument, so that the air outlet temperature of the drying tower is automatically controlled to be stable. Finally obtaining the qualified solid polyaluminium chloride product.
The utility model provides a system for preparing polyaluminium chloride from aluminium ash, which adopts a pretreatment unit, an alkali dissolution unit, a granulation roasting unit, a polyaluminium chloride production unit and a spray drying unit which are sequentially arranged to cooperate. The pretreatment unit separates metal aluminum in input aluminum ash from other solid materials by a physical method, the alkali dissolution unit is used for carrying out alkali dissolution on the solid materials and treating generated ammonia gas to generate byproducts, the granulation roasting unit can prepare aluminum-calcium particles with uniform particle sizes and roast the particles through a rake furnace to prepare calcium aluminate, the polyaluminium chloride production unit breaks the calcium aluminate into powder and prepares polyaluminium chloride liquid through acid dissolution and curing, and the spray drying unit centrifugally separates and dries the polyaluminium chloride liquid until the dried polyaluminium chloride powder is prepared.
According to the utility model, the pretreatment unit is matched with the screening machine by adopting a ball mill, large-particle aluminum ash is firstly subjected to ball milling and crushing, metal aluminum and small-particle solid materials are respectively treated after screening is finished, the metal aluminum which can be directly extracted is collected and secondarily utilized through fine treatment, and the crushing of the solid materials is favorable for fully performing the subsequent alkali dissolution process.
In the utility model, the reaction kettle is used as a reaction container in the alkali dissolving unit, alkali dissolving is carried out in the reaction kettle, and a filter cake is prepared by filtering through a filter press, and ammonia gas generated in the alkali dissolving process can be absorbed by dilute sulfuric acid to obtain a byproduct ammonium sulfate, so that the economic benefit is increased.
In the utility model, the aluminum ash after alkali dissolution (acid dissolution) is not directly roasted as in the traditional process, but the filter cake and the quicklime are mixed to prepare uniform granules, and then the granules are fully roasted. The calcium aluminate powder with the content of aluminum oxide and calcium oxide reaching the standard is prepared by granulation and roasting, the aluminum oxide in the aluminum ash is fully activated, the content of aluminum in the finished polyaluminium chloride is increased, the grade of the finished product is improved, the generated intermediate product calcium aluminate powder can be sold, the generated aluminum slag can be used for preparing ceramsite, and the hot flue gas can be used for spray drying by recovering waste heat through a heat exchanger, so that the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
According to the utility model, the polyaluminium chloride production unit comprises a pulverizer, a reaction kettle, a curing kettle and a filter press, hydrochloric acid is introduced into the reaction kettle for acid dissolution, metallic aluminium sieved in the pretreatment unit is used for a curing process after acid dissolution, the content of heavy metals in the polyaluminium chloride is reduced, and then a high-quality polyaluminium chloride finished product is obtained.
Claims (4)
1. A system for preparing polyaluminium chloride from aluminium ash is characterized in that: the device comprises a pretreatment unit, an alkali dissolution unit, a granulation roasting unit, a polyaluminium chloride production unit and a spray drying unit, wherein the pretreatment unit, the alkali dissolution unit, the granulation roasting unit, the polyaluminium chloride production unit and the spray drying unit are sequentially installed according to the upstream direction to the downstream direction of material transmission; the pretreatment unit comprises at least one stage of ball mill and a screening machine, wherein aluminum ash is introduced into the ball mill at the feeding side, and metal aluminum and solid materials are respectively screened out at the discharging side of the screening machine; the alkali dissolving unit comprises a reaction kettle and a filter press, wherein the reaction kettle is provided with a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet and a tail gas discharge port, the liquid inlet is communicated with an external liquid source, the liquid outlet is communicated with the filter press through a pump, and filtrate of the filter press is communicated with the reaction kettle for backflow; the granulating and roasting unit comprises a granulating system and a rake furnace, a mixer is arranged in front of the granulating system, and the discharge side of the granulating system is communicated with the feed side of the rake furnace; the polyaluminium chloride production unit comprises a pulverizer, a reaction kettle, a curing kettle and a filter press which are sequentially arranged, wherein hydrochloric acid is introduced into the reaction kettle, and metallic aluminum separated by the pretreatment unit is introduced into the curing kettle.
2. The system for preparing the polyaluminum chloride from the aluminum ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein: an adsorption tower is installed at a tail gas discharge port of the reaction kettle, and an acidic solution is introduced into the adsorption tower.
3. The system for preparing the polyaluminum chloride from the aluminum ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the spray drying unit comprises a drying tower, a high-speed centrifugal atomizer is installed at the top in the drying tower, the middle of the drying tower is communicated with the air outlet side of the hot blast stove, and a discharge hole is formed in the bottom of the drying tower.
4. The system for preparing polyaluminum chloride from aluminum ash according to claim 3, wherein: and the air outlet side of the drying tower is communicated with a cyclone separator.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202120573220.9U CN215479774U (en) | 2021-03-22 | 2021-03-22 | System for aluminium ash preparation polyaluminium chloride |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202120573220.9U CN215479774U (en) | 2021-03-22 | 2021-03-22 | System for aluminium ash preparation polyaluminium chloride |
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