CN215448726U - Young modulus measuring device - Google Patents
Young modulus measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN215448726U CN215448726U CN202121584439.5U CN202121584439U CN215448726U CN 215448726 U CN215448726 U CN 215448726U CN 202121584439 U CN202121584439 U CN 202121584439U CN 215448726 U CN215448726 U CN 215448726U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a Young modulus measuring device which comprises a scale, a reflector, a telescope, an angle detection device and the like. The angle detection device comprises an angle sensor, a single chip microcomputer and a display screen; the angle sensor comprises a first angle sensor, a second angle sensor and a third angle sensor; a first angle sensor is arranged on the scale; the second angle sensor is arranged on the reflector; the third angle sensor is arranged on the telescope; the first angle sensor, the second angle sensor and the third angle sensor are respectively connected with the single chip microcomputer; the singlechip is connected with the display screen; the reflector and the telescope are both provided with an inclination angle adjusting component for adjusting the inclination angle of the corresponding component in the horizontal direction. The utility model realizes the measurement and adjustment of the angles of the scale, the reflector and the telescope by introducing the angle sensor, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the experimental result.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the field of physical experiment teaching instruments, and particularly relates to a Young modulus measuring device.
Background
Young's modulus is a physical quantity that describes the ability of a solid material to resist deformation. Young modulus measurement experiments are set in college physical experiment courses and used for training practical and practical abilities of students, including debugging abilities, testing abilities, data processing abilities and the like, and abilities of solving practical problems by applying knowledge. With the development of advanced scientific technologies such as sensor technology, laser technology and the like, the Young modulus experimental instrument gradually realizes technical upgrading.
At present, in a metal wire young modulus measurement experiment, a common instrument is an optical lever method measurement device which amplifies a small angle of rotation of an optical lever reflector and reflects the small angle of rotation into linear displacement of a scale. The specific principle is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1(a) and 1(b), two front legs of an optical lever are placed on a fixed platform of an experimental device, a rear leg of the optical lever is placed on a measuring end face of a metal wire to be measured, when the metal wire is stressed to generate micro extension, the optical lever rotates a micro angle around the front legs, so that an optical lever reflector is driven to rotate a corresponding micro angle, an image of a scale is reflected by the optical lever reflector, and the micro angle displacement is amplified into larger linear displacement.
The principle of a typical experimental setup is shown in fig. 1. According to the experimental principle and the experimental scheme, when a heavy object is not hung, the scale and the optical lever are both in a horizontal state, the angle of the reflector is 45 degrees, and at the moment, the position where the cross hair is observed through the telescope is taken as a starting point, namely a point C in the light path diagram shown in fig. 1 (a). When a heavy object is hung, the metal wire is stretched to drive the rear foot of the optical lever to move downwards, and the whole optical lever (including the reflector) rotates around the front foot; if the rotation angle is theta, the position of the cross hair on the scale is observed to change through the telescope, namely a point B in figure 1 (B); at the moment, the telescopic light path and the optical lever light path form two right-angled triangles delta DEF and delta ABC; mathematically, we can get:
in the formula I, EF is the tiny variable quantity of the metal wire to be solved; DE is the distance between the forefoot and the hindfoot of the optical lever and can be measured; AC is the distance between the scale and the reflector in the experiment and can be obtained by measurement; BC is the distance traveled by the cross hair on the scale, which can be read from the scale. Therefore, the small variation of the wire can be calculated by expression (i), and the Young's modulus of the wire can be obtained.
According to the principle, two right-angled triangles (namely right-angled triangles DeltaDEF and DeltaABC) in the experimental light path are theoretical bases for obtaining the tiny change of the metal wire. However, in the known technical solutions, the construction of the right triangle cannot be guaranteed, that is, the optical path between the scale, the reflector and the telescope does not meet the theoretical requirement, so that the obtuse-angle or acute-angle triangle shown in fig. 2 appears, and the accuracy of the test result of the experimental device is further affected.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a Young modulus measuring device to ensure the accuracy of the experimental result of the device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a Young modulus measuring device comprises a scale component, a reflector component and a telescope component;
the scale assembly comprises a scale and a first mounting bracket;
the reflector component comprises a reflector and an optical lever, wherein the reflector is arranged on the optical lever through a fastening bracket;
the telescope assembly comprises a telescope and a second mounting bracket, wherein the telescope is mounted on the second mounting bracket;
the Young modulus measuring device also comprises an angle detection device;
the angle detection device comprises an angle sensor, a single chip microcomputer and a display screen; the angle sensor comprises a first angle sensor, a second angle sensor and a third angle sensor;
the first angle sensor is arranged on the scale and is used for measuring the deflection angle of the scale in the horizontal direction;
the second angle sensor is arranged on the reflector and is used for measuring the inclination angle of the reflector in the horizontal direction;
the third angle sensor is arranged on the telescope and is used for measuring the inclination angle of the optical axis of the telescope in the horizontal direction;
the first angle sensor, the second angle sensor and the third angle sensor are respectively connected with the single chip microcomputer;
the singlechip is connected with the display screen;
the fastening bracket is provided with a first adjusting screw for adjusting the inclination angle of the reflector in the horizontal direction; the second mounting bracket is provided with a base, and a second adjusting screw for adjusting the inclination angle of the telescope in the horizontal direction is arranged on the base.
Preferably, the second angle sensor is mounted on the front or back surface of the reflector.
Preferably, the angle detection device further comprises a conditioning circuit;
wherein, each angle sensor links to each other with modulate circuit respectively, and modulate circuit links to each other with the singlechip.
Preferably, the conditioning circuit employs an LM358 operational amplifier,
preferably, the angle sensor adopts an SCA60 type angle sensor, and the singlechip adopts an STM32F103c8t6 singlechip.
The utility model has the following advantages:
as mentioned above, the utility model provides a Young modulus measuring device, which realizes the measurement and adjustment of the angles of a scale, a reflector and a telescope by introducing an angle sensor, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the experimental result.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical experimental setup;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an actual experimental state of a typical experimental setup;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a Young's modulus measuring device in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the mirror and the fastening bracket of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a system block diagram of an angle sensor in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an experiment of the Young's modulus measuring apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
The device comprises a scale 1, a reflector 2, an optical lever 3, a telescope 4, a second mounting bracket 5, a base 6, an angle sensor 7, an angle sensor 8, an angle sensor II, an angle sensor III and a singlechip 10, wherein the scale 2 is a single-chip microcomputer;
11-display screen, 12-conditioning circuit, 13-second adjusting screw, 14-fastening bracket and 15-first adjusting screw.
Detailed Description
The utility model is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
examples
This example describes a young's modulus measuring device.
As shown in fig. 3, the measuring device includes a scale assembly, a mirror assembly, and a telescope assembly. Wherein, these three components are all related to the experimental light path, and their structure is basically the same as the related part structure of the traditional experimental device.
Wherein the scale assembly comprises a scale 1 and a first mounting bracket (not shown) for mounting the scale 1, the first mounting bracket being a conventional bracket, which may be a scale bracket of an existing measuring device.
The mirror assembly comprises a mirror 2, a fastening bracket and an optical lever 3, wherein the mirror 2 is mounted on the optical lever 3 by the fastening bracket 14. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4:
the fastening bracket 14 includes a bracket base 14a and two vertical mounting plates, such as vertical mounting posts 14 b.
The two vertical mounting plates 14b are oppositely arranged, the reflector 2 is rotatably mounted between the two vertical mounting plates 14b, and a first adjusting screw 15 is arranged between one side of the reflector 2 and the vertical mounting plate 14b on the side.
When first adjusting screw 15 is not hard up, can adjust the inclination of speculum 2 on the horizontal direction, after the inclination adjustment of speculum 2 on the horizontal direction finishes, screw up first adjusting screw 15 can.
In addition, a screw hole 14c is formed in the bracket base 14a to facilitate mounting of the fastening bracket 14 to the optical lever 3.
The telescope assembly comprises a telescope 4 and a second mounting bracket 5, wherein the telescope 4 is mounted on the second mounting bracket 5 (top), and a base 6 is arranged at the bottom of the second mounting bracket 5.
A plurality of second adjusting screws, for example second adjusting screws 13, are provided on the base 6. By adjusting each of the second adjusting screws 13, the inclination angle of the optical axis of the telescope 4 in the horizontal direction can be adjusted.
In addition, the young's modulus measuring device in this embodiment further includes an angle detecting device.
As shown in fig. 5, the angle detecting device includes an angle sensor, a single chip microcomputer 10, and a display screen 11. The angle sensors include a first angle sensor 7, a second angle sensor 8 and a third angle sensor 9.
An angle sensor 7 is mounted on the scale 1 and is used for measuring the deflection angle theta of the scale 1 in the horizontal direction1And displayed on the display screen 11. Deflection angle theta1With a sign indicating its direction of deflection.
If the scale is rotated clockwise relative to the horizontal plane, the yaw angle θ1Positive values, otherwise negative values.
A second angle sensor 8 is mounted on the reflector 2 and is used for measuring the inclination angle theta of the reflector 2 in the horizontal direction2And is displayed on a display screen 11, and a second angle sensor 8 is mounted on the front or back surface of the reflecting mirror 2.
The third angle sensor 9 is mounted on the telescope 4 and is used for measuring the inclination angle theta of the optical axis of the telescope 4 in the horizontal direction3And displayed on the display screen 11.
Wherein, angle sensor 7, angle sensor 8 and angle sensor 9 are No. one connected with singlechip 10 respectively, and singlechip 10 links to each other with display screen 11.
As shown in fig. 5, the angle detecting apparatus in this embodiment further includes a conditioning circuit 12; wherein, each angle sensor is connected with a conditioning circuit 12, and the conditioning circuit 12 is connected with the singlechip 10.
The conditioning circuit 12 is used for processing the signal output by the angle sensor to match the signal input requirement of the single chip, and the conditioning circuit 12 is a known circuit and can adopt an LM358 operational amplifier.
The single chip microcomputer 10 preferably adopts STM32F103c8t6 series single chip microcomputers.
The display screen 11 is driven by the singlechip 10 and displays the angle value measured by the angle sensor in real time.
According to the experimental principle, in Δ ABC of fig. 1(b), C is the position of the cross-hair on the scale when no weight is hung, i.e., the starting point; and B is the position of the cross hair on the scale after the weight is hung, namely the terminal point.
Under the two conditions that the scale 1 is horizontal and the inclination angle of the reflector 2 is 45 degrees, the triangle ABC is a right-angled triangle, and the formula (I) is established, which is the theoretical basis of the experimental instrument. If the two conditions are not met, the triangle ABC is not a right-angled triangle, the equation I is not established, and the theoretical basis is lost in the following experiments.
Therefore, the levelness of the scale 1 and the inclination angle of the reflector 2 must be adjusted firstly in the experiment to meet the basic principle requirements of the experiment, and the embodiment provides a specific experimental method on the basis of the measuring device.
Two specific experimental methods are provided below, as shown in fig. 6.
The method comprises the following steps: the specific experimental steps are as follows:
first, the inclination angle theta of the scale 1 in the horizontal direction shown by the first angle sensor 7 is read1；
Secondly, observing and adjusting the inclination angle theta of the reflector 2 shown by the second angle sensor 8 in the horizontal direction2Let theta2＝45°+θ1Then the mirror 2 is fixed;
thirdly, observing the inclination angle theta of the optical axis of the telescope 4 shown by the third angle sensor 9 in the horizontal direction3By adjusting the second adjusting screw 13, theta is adjusted3＝45°+θ1；
The fourth step is to observe the position of the cross on the scale 1 and record it as X0；
Hanging a weight with a certain weight at the bottom, observing the position of the cross indicating line on the scale in the telescope, and recording as X1；
Measuring and calculating the lengths of DE, BC and AC in the formula (I), wherein BC is X1-X0Then, the minute deformation quantity DeltaL of the metal wire is calculated according to the formula (i).
And seventhly, measuring the length L of the metal wire, calculating the stress F in the metal wire according to the mass of the suspended weight, measuring the diameter of the metal wire, calculating the cross section area S of the metal wire, and then calculating the Young modulus E of the metal wire.
And eighth step, finishing the experiment.
The second method comprises the following steps: the specific experimental steps are as follows:
first, the inclination angle theta of the scale in the horizontal direction shown by the first angle sensor 7 is read1；
Secondly, adjusting and observing the inclination angle theta of the reflector shown by the second angle sensor 8 in the horizontal direction2To make
Then the reflector 2 is fixed;
thirdly, observing the inclination angle theta of the optical axis of the telescope shown by the third angle sensor 9 in the horizontal direction3Adjusting a second adjusting screw 13 on the base to enable theta3＝0°；
The fourth step is to observe the position of the cross hair on the scale and record it as X0；
Hanging a weight with a certain weight at the bottom, observing the position of the cross indicating line on the scale in the telescope, and recording as X1；
Measuring and calculating the lengths of DE, BC and AC in the formula (I), wherein BC is X1-X0Then, the minute deformation quantity DeltaL of the metal wire is calculated according to the formula (i).
Measuring the length L of the metal wire, calculating the stress F in the metal wire according to the mass of the suspended weight, measuring the diameter of the metal wire, calculating the cross section area S of the metal wire, and then calculating the Young modulus E of the metal wire;
and eighth step, finishing the experiment.
The experimental method ensures the consistency of the experimental process and the experimental principle and ensures the accuracy of the experimental result.
It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the utility model to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the utility model as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A Young modulus measuring device comprises a scale component, a reflector component and a telescope component;
the scale assembly comprises a scale and a first mounting bracket;
the reflector component comprises a reflector, a fastening bracket and an optical lever, and the reflector is arranged on the optical lever through the fastening bracket;
the telescope assembly comprises a telescope and a second mounting bracket, and the telescope is mounted on the second mounting bracket;
the Young modulus measuring device is characterized by further comprising an angle detection device;
the angle detection device comprises an angle sensor, a single chip microcomputer and a display screen; the angle sensor comprises a first angle sensor, a second angle sensor and a third angle sensor;
the first angle sensor is arranged on the scale and used for measuring the deflection angle of the scale in the horizontal direction;
the second angle sensor is arranged on the reflector and is used for measuring the inclination angle of the reflector in the horizontal direction;
the third angle sensor is arranged on the telescope and is used for measuring the inclination angle of the optical axis of the telescope in the horizontal direction;
the first angle sensor, the second angle sensor and the third angle sensor are respectively connected with the single chip microcomputer;
the single chip microcomputer is connected with the display screen;
a first adjusting screw for adjusting the inclination angle of the reflector in the horizontal direction is arranged on the fastening bracket; the second mounting bracket is provided with a base, and a second adjusting screw for adjusting the inclination angle of the telescope in the horizontal direction is arranged on the base.
2. The Young's modulus measuring device according to claim 1,
the second angle sensor is arranged on the front surface or the back surface of the reflector.
3. The Young's modulus measuring device according to claim 1,
the angle detection device also comprises a conditioning circuit;
the angle sensor is connected with the conditioning circuit, and the conditioning circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer.
4. The Young's modulus measuring device according to claim 3,
the conditioning circuit adopts an LM358 operational amplifier.
5. The Young's modulus measuring device according to claim 1,
the angle sensor adopts an SCA60 type angle sensor, and the singlechip adopts an STM32F103c8t6 series singlechip.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121584439.5U CN215448726U (en) | 2021-07-12 | 2021-07-12 | Young modulus measuring device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121584439.5U CN215448726U (en) | 2021-07-12 | 2021-07-12 | Young modulus measuring device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN215448726U true CN215448726U (en) | 2022-01-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121584439.5U Active CN215448726U (en) | 2021-07-12 | 2021-07-12 | Young modulus measuring device |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN215448726U (en) |
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2021
- 2021-07-12 CN CN202121584439.5U patent/CN215448726U/en active Active
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