CN215412779U - A solar-heated vacuum freeze-drying system - Google Patents
A solar-heated vacuum freeze-drying system Download PDFInfo
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- CN215412779U CN215412779U CN202121271179.6U CN202121271179U CN215412779U CN 215412779 U CN215412779 U CN 215412779U CN 202121271179 U CN202121271179 U CN 202121271179U CN 215412779 U CN215412779 U CN 215412779U
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- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005092 sublimation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本实用新型公开了一种太阳能供热的真空冷冻干燥系统。本实用新型由太阳能集热装置吸收太阳能之后转化能量，从而带动各个分系统运行，该系统由太阳能低温热源系统、有机朗肯循环系统、真空冷冻干燥系统三个分系统组成。太阳能提供热量，由有机朗肯循环系统膨胀机向外输出做工，一部分带动发电机发电，将电能供给真空冷冻干燥系统；一部分带动制冷系统的压缩机工作，由制冷系统为干燥装置提供冷量。同时该系统设置了冷却水回路，可以对进入低温热源交换器的有机工质进行一定程度的预热，一定程度上节约了能耗。
The utility model discloses a vacuum freeze-drying system for solar heating. The utility model converts energy after absorbing solar energy by a solar heat collecting device, thereby driving each sub-system to operate. Solar energy provides heat, which is output by the organic Rankine cycle system expander to work, and part of it drives the generator to generate electricity, which supplies electricity to the vacuum freeze-drying system; part of it drives the compressor of the refrigeration system to work, and the refrigeration system provides cooling for the drying device. At the same time, the system is equipped with a cooling water circuit, which can preheat the organic working medium entering the low-temperature heat source exchanger to a certain extent, and save energy consumption to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a vacuum freeze drying system adopting solar heat supply.
Background
The vacuum freeze drying technology is to utilize sublimation principle to discharge the water content of material, the wet material is first frozen to below the eutectic point temperature, and after the material is completely frozen, the water content in the material is sublimated directly from solid state to gaseous state and discharged through the vacuum heating method. Because the materials are dehydrated in a vacuum low-temperature environment, the original structure can be ensured not to be damaged, and the nutrient substances and the quality of the materials are ensured to the maximum extent, so that the materials are popular at home and abroad in recent years. Compared with the traditional drying mode, the vacuum freeze drying technology has many advantages, but the drying process is time-consuming and energy-consuming, so that numerous scholars are devoted to the best freeze drying process and the energy-saving freeze drying device.
China has a vast territory and vast territory, most areas in China are in solar sufficient areas, and the solar energy is reasonably and effectively developed and utilized to meet the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction. The fruit and vegetable preservation time is short, the fruit and vegetable is easy to rot and deteriorate, the storage time can be prolonged by drying, the quality of the fruit and vegetable is ensured, and the method is an excellent preservation method and is particularly important for areas where fruits and vegetables are produced in Xinjiang but are inconvenient to transport. The method combines solar energy and vacuum freeze drying technology, utilizes sufficient solar energy to provide energy for the vacuum freeze drying device, prolongs the quality guarantee time, reasonably utilizes the sufficient solar energy, and achieves two purposes.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the problems, the utility model provides a novel solar heat supply vacuum freeze drying system by utilizing solar heat supply.
The technical scheme of the implementation of the utility model is as follows:
a novel solar heat supply vacuum freeze drying system is composed of a solar low-temperature heat source system, an organic Rankine cycle system, a refrigerating system, a vacuum freeze drying system and a cooling water loop;
the solar low-temperature heat source system consists of a solar heat collecting pipe 1, a first circulating pump 2, a first electromagnetic valve 3 and a low-temperature heat source heat exchanger 4 which are sequentially connected, wherein the solar heat collecting pipe absorbs heat, heat conducting oil forms circulation through the work of the first circulating pump 2, heat exchange work with an organic Rankine cycle system is completed in the low-temperature heat source heat exchanger 4, and then the heat conducting oil returns to the solar heat collecting pipe;
the organic Rankine cycle system comprises a low-temperature heat source heat exchanger 4, an expander 5, a first condenser 6, a second electromagnetic valve 7 and a second circulating pump 8 preheater 9 which are sequentially connected, and the expander 5 is connected with a generator 15; organic working media in the system absorb heat and vaporize in the low-temperature heat source heat exchanger 4, enter the expander 5 to do work after reaching an overheated state, enter the first condenser 6 to be cooled and condensed after the steam which does work enters, then enter the preheater 9 after being boosted by the second circulating pump 8, and then return to the evaporator to complete primary circulation;
the refrigerating system consists of a compressor 13, an evaporator 14, a fourth circulating pump 17, a throttle valve 18 and a second condenser 19 which are connected in sequence, wherein the compressor 13 is connected with the expander 5, and the evaporator 14 is connected with the vacuum freeze drying device 16;
the vacuum freeze drying device comprises an evaporator 14, a sixth electromagnetic valve 34 and a cold trap refrigeration circulating pipe 31 which are connected in sequence; the cold trap 32 is connected with the drying box 26, the cold trap 32 is sequentially connected with the evacuation valve 28, the vacuum measuring head 29 and the vacuum pump 30, and the evaporator 14 is sequentially connected with the drying box refrigeration circulating pipe 25, the sixth circulating pump 23, the electric heater 22 and the fifth electromagnetic valve 33;
the cooling water loop comprises a reservoir 11, a condenser 19, a fourth electromagnetic valve 20 and a fifth circulating pump 21 which are sequentially connected, heated water is stored in the reservoir 11, organic working media after being heated and cooled are heated through a third electromagnetic valve 10, a preheater 9, a second circulating pump 8 and a second electromagnetic valve 7 which are sequentially connected, and the cooled water is subjected to heat exchange with the first condenser 6 to complete circulation.
The cold trap 32 is provided with a defrosting water sprayer 27. The cold trap 32 is connected to the generator 15 through a line in which an evacuation valve 28, a vacuum probe 29, and a vacuum pump 30 are provided in this order.
The precooling device is a vacuum freeze drying device with solar heat supply work, and vacuum freeze drying is completed through mutual connection operation work among all subsystems. The fruit and vegetable precooling device can be divided into 3 subsystems, and then a complete system is formed by the three subsystems, wherein the 3 systems are respectively as follows: the system comprises a solar low-temperature heat source system, an organic Rankine cycle system and a vacuum freeze drying system. The solar low-temperature heat source system is connected with the organic Rankine cycle system, and the organic Rankine cycle system is connected with the vacuum freeze drying system.
Solar low-temperature heat source system: the component of the solar low-temperature heat source system unit comprises a solar C-shaped groove,
The solar heat collecting pipe is fixed at a focus of reflecting sunlight by the C-shaped groove through a support, then medium heat conducting oil in the solar heat collecting pipe absorbs heat, the heat conducting oil forms circulation through the work of the circulating pump, and the heat exchange work with the organic Rankine cycle system is completed in the low-temperature heat source heat exchanger.
An organic Rankine cycle system: the components of the organic Rankine cycle system unit comprise an evaporator, an expander, a generator, a condenser, an electromagnetic valve and a second circulating pump, organic working media absorb heat and vaporize in a low-temperature heat source heat exchanger, enter the expander to do expansion work after reaching an overheat state, enter the condenser to be cooled and condensed after doing work, then enter a preheater to be heated after being boosted by a liquid pump, and finally return to the evaporator. The evaporator in the part is a low-temperature heat source heat exchanger shared with a solar low-temperature heat source system; heat in the preheater is provided by a cooling water loop; the expander does work outwards, and one part of the expander drives the compressor of the vacuum freeze drying system to work, and the other part of the expander drives the generator to generate electricity, so that the drying device is provided with electric quantity.
Vacuum freeze-drying system: the system mainly comprises a refrigerating system and a drying device, wherein the refrigerating system comprises a condenser, a throttle valve, an evaporator and a compressor, the compressor is driven by an expansion machine of an organic Rankine cycle system to operate, the evaporator exchanges heat with two refrigerating circulation pipes to respectively bring cold quantity to a drying chamber and a cold trap, and meanwhile the condenser of the system exchanges heat with a cooling water loop. The drying device mainly comprises a vacuum pump, a refrigeration circulating pipe, an electric heater and the like, heat conducting oil in the refrigeration circulating pipe of the drying chamber carries cold energy to enter the partition plate to freeze materials, and the cold energy is brought to the cold trap by the cold trap refrigeration circulating pipe to promote the water vapor escaping from sublimation to frost. When the drying starts, the refrigeration circulating pipe of the drying chamber stops working, and the electric heater heats the heat conducting oil to provide heat for the sublimation process
The principle of vacuum freeze drying is that after the material is frozen, the material is heated under the pressure of a triple point lower than water, so that the moisture in the material is discharged in a sublimation mode, and the three processes can be mainly respectively adopted: freezing process, heating sublimation drying process and water vapor capturing process of the material. The cold quantity in the freezing stage is provided by cold trap refrigeration circulating pipes and drying chamber refrigeration circulating pipes, the two refrigeration circulating pipes exchange heat with an evaporator of a refrigeration system, and the heat is carried to the drying chamber and the cold trap by heat conduction oil, so that the freezing of the materials is completed. The drying process needs to provide heat for completely frozen materials, at the moment, a refrigeration circulating pipe of the drying chamber is closed, the electric heater starts to work to heat the heat conducting oil, and heat is provided for sublimation of the materials. The drying process still needs constantly to be vacuumized, guarantees the device at the stable state of low pressure, and the vapor that evacuation still constantly produced with material sublimation source simultaneously in time is sucked away for outside partly vapor takes out drying device, another part frosts in the cold trap, later by the defrosting water jet ware defrosting. The amount of power required for the evacuation and electric heater in this system is provided by the orc system.
A cooling water circuit: water exchanges heat with the first condenser and the second condenser, the heated water is stored in the water storage tank, the organic working medium is heated in the heater through the circulating pump, and the cooled water exchanges heat with the first condenser to complete one-time circulation.
The utility model has the following beneficial effects:
the vacuum freeze drying system utilizes solar energy to provide energy for the whole system through the mutual connection of the three subsystems and the cooling water loop, the organic Rankine cycle provides electric quantity for the vacuum freeze drying system and drives the compressor to work, the cooling water loop is designed in the organic Rankine system, and partial heat exchange is carried out on the organic working medium entering the low-temperature heat source heat exchanger, so that energy is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a vacuum freeze-drying apparatus.
In the figure: 1 solar heat collecting pipe, 2 first circulating pump, 3 first electromagnetic valve, 4 low-temperature heat source heat exchanger, 5 expander, 6 first condenser, 7 second electromagnetic valve, 8 second circulating pump, 9 preheater, 10 third electromagnetic valve, 11 cooling water storage tank, 12 third circulating pump, 13 compressor, 14, evaporator, 15 generator, 16 drying device, 17 fourth circulating pump, 18 throttle valve, 19 second condenser, 20 fourth electromagnetic valve, 21 fifth circulating pump, 22 electric heater, 23 sixth circulating pump, 24 partition board, 25 drying box refrigeration circulating pipe, 26 drying box, 27 defrosting water sprayer, 28 evacuation valve, 29 vacuum measuring head, 30 vacuum pump, 31 cold trap refrigeration circulating pipe, 32 cold trap, 33 fifth electromagnetic valve, 34 sixth electromagnetic valve.
Detailed Description
The utility model will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a novel solar heat supply vacuum freeze drying system consists of a solar low-temperature heat source system, an organic rankine cycle system, a refrigerating system, a vacuum freeze drying system and a cooling water loop;
the solar low-temperature heat source system consists of a solar heat collecting pipe 1, a first circulating pump 2, a first electromagnetic valve 3 and a low-temperature heat source heat exchanger 4 which are sequentially connected, wherein the solar heat collecting pipe absorbs heat, heat conducting oil forms circulation through the work of the first circulating pump 2, heat exchange work with an organic Rankine cycle system is completed in the low-temperature heat source heat exchanger 4, and then the heat conducting oil returns to the solar heat collecting pipe;
the organic Rankine cycle system comprises a low-temperature heat source heat exchanger 4, an expander 5, a first condenser 6, a second electromagnetic valve 7 and a second circulating pump 8 preheater 9 which are sequentially connected, and the expander 5 is connected with a generator 15; organic working media in the system absorb heat and vaporize in the low-temperature heat source heat exchanger 4, enter the expander 5 to do work after reaching an overheated state, enter the first condenser 6 to be cooled and condensed after the steam which does work enters, then enter the preheater 9 after being boosted by the second circulating pump 8, and then return to the evaporator to complete primary circulation;
the refrigerating system consists of a compressor 13, an evaporator 14, a fourth circulating pump 17, a throttle valve 18 and a second condenser 19 which are connected in sequence, wherein the compressor 13 is connected with the expander 5, and the evaporator 14 is connected with the vacuum freeze drying device 16;
the vacuum freeze drying device comprises an evaporator 14, a sixth electromagnetic valve 34 and a cold trap refrigeration circulating pipe 31 which are connected in sequence; the cold trap 32 is connected with the drying box 26, the cold trap 32 is sequentially connected with the evacuation valve 28, the vacuum measuring head 29 and the vacuum pump 30, and the evaporator 14 is sequentially connected with the drying box refrigeration circulating pipe 25, the sixth circulating pump 23, the electric heater 22 and the fifth electromagnetic valve 33;
the cooling water loop comprises a reservoir 11, a condenser 19, a fourth electromagnetic valve 20 and a fifth circulating pump 21 which are sequentially connected, heated water is stored in the reservoir 11, organic working media after being heated and cooled are heated through a third electromagnetic valve 10, a preheater 9, a second circulating pump 8 and a second electromagnetic valve 7 which are sequentially connected, and the cooled water is subjected to heat exchange with the first condenser 6 to complete circulation.
When the fruit and vegetable precooling device starts to work, sunlight is reflected to the solar heat collecting tube 1 by the solar C-shaped groove, heat conducting oil in the heat collecting tube absorbs solar energy, then the temperature of the heat conducting oil rises, the heat conducting oil enters the low-temperature heat source heat exchanger 4 through the first circulating pump 2 and the first electromagnetic valve 3, the high-temperature heat conducting oil and the organic working medium exchange heat in the low-temperature heat source heat exchanger, and then the heat conducting oil returns to the solar heat collecting tube 1 to complete the circulation of the solar low-temperature heat source system.
The organic working medium is changed into superheated steam after absorbing heat of heat conduction oil, enters the expansion machine 5 to do expansion work and output work outwards, one part of the organic working medium drives the generator 15 to work, one part of the organic working medium drives the compressor 13 in the vacuum freeze drying system to work, exhaust steam from the expansion machine 5 enters the first condenser 6 to exchange heat with cooling water and then is cooled, the organic working medium enters the preheater 9 to exchange heat with cooling water loop water after being pressurized by the second circulating pump 8, the organic working medium enters the low-temperature heat source heat exchanger 4 after being preheated, and cooling water from the preheater enters the cooling water storage tank 11 after passing through the third electromagnetic valve 10, so that the circulation of the organic Rankine cycle system is completed.
The vacuum freeze drying system drives the compressor 13 to work by the work output from the expander 5, the refrigerant returns to the compressor 13 after passing through the evaporator 14, the fourth circulating pump 17, the throttle valve 18 and the second condenser 19 in sequence after being compressed, the two refrigeration circulating pipelines 31 and 25 exchange heat with the evaporator, and the cold energy is respectively brought to the drying chamber 26 and the cold trap 32. In the drying and freezing stage, the material is on the partition plate 24 of the drying chamber, the heat conducting oil in the refrigerating guide pipe 25 of the drying chamber freezes the material by using the cold energy exchanged with the evaporator 14, and meanwhile, the cold trap refrigerating pipeline 31 also cools the cold trap. In the drying stage, the refrigeration conduit of the drying chamber stops working, the electric heater 22 heats the heat conducting oil to provide heat for material sublimation, and the vacuum pump 30 starts working at the same time, so that the pressure in the drying chamber 26 is reduced, and water vapor generated by sublimation is discharged in time. After the freeze drying is finished, a large amount of frost is generated in the cold trap, and is removed by spraying water by a defrosting water sprayer 28, so that the device is protected. The power required by the vacuum pump 30 and the electric heater 22 is provided by the expander 5 driving the generator 15.
When the three subsystems complete the circulation of the respective systems in sequence, the vacuum freeze drying system for solar heat supply work completes one complete circulation, and the subsequent work is carried out repeatedly.
Claims (3)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202121271179.6U CN215412779U (en) | 2021-06-08 | 2021-06-08 | A solar-heated vacuum freeze-drying system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202121271179.6U CN215412779U (en) | 2021-06-08 | 2021-06-08 | A solar-heated vacuum freeze-drying system |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114923314A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-08-19 | 上海工程技术大学 | A freeze dryer energy-saving system utilizing solar energy and condensation heat |
| CN115406217A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-29 | 嵊州市浙江工业大学创新研究院 | Solar vacuum freezing combined hot air drying device |
| CN115628593A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2023-01-20 | 集美大学 | Photovoltaic direct-drive cold-hot integrated drying system |
-
2021
- 2021-06-08 CN CN202121271179.6U patent/CN215412779U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114923314A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-08-19 | 上海工程技术大学 | A freeze dryer energy-saving system utilizing solar energy and condensation heat |
| CN114923314B (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-04-28 | 上海工程技术大学 | Freeze dryer energy-saving system utilizing solar energy and condensation heat |
| CN115406217A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-29 | 嵊州市浙江工业大学创新研究院 | Solar vacuum freezing combined hot air drying device |
| CN115406217B (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2023-08-22 | 嵊州市浙江工业大学创新研究院 | Solar vacuum freezing combined hot air drying device |
| CN115628593A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2023-01-20 | 集美大学 | Photovoltaic direct-drive cold-hot integrated drying system |
| CN115628593B (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2024-05-31 | 集美大学 | Photovoltaic direct-drive cold and hot integrated drying system |
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