CN215339331U - Coaxial bidirectional impact tensile experimental device based on controllable deformation - Google Patents
Coaxial bidirectional impact tensile experimental device based on controllable deformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN215339331U CN215339331U CN202121633845.6U CN202121633845U CN215339331U CN 215339331 U CN215339331 U CN 215339331U CN 202121633845 U CN202121633845 U CN 202121633845U CN 215339331 U CN215339331 U CN 215339331U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a coaxial two-way impact tensile experimental device based on controllable deformation, which comprises an impact loading assembly, an incident rod assembly, a stress wave decomposition pressure rod assembly and a tested material test piece, wherein the impact loading assembly is arranged on the incident rod assembly; the impact loading assembly comprises an impact rod and a launching device; the incident rod assembly comprises two coaxial incident rods, the tested material test piece is positioned between the two coaxial incident rods, the inner end part of each coaxial incident rod is respectively connected with the corresponding end part of the tested material test piece, and a strain gauge is respectively stuck in the middle position of each coaxial incident rod; the stress wave decomposition pressure lever component comprises a first stress wave decomposition pressure lever and two second stress wave decomposition pressure levers, and the stress wave decomposition pressure lever component conducts stress waves to the two coaxial incident levers after secondary decomposition. The utility model can realize the test development of the dynamic mechanical response of the test piece under the two-dimensional bidirectional impact tensile load and can reduce the time for the test piece to have uniform internal stress under the impact load; and the deformation of the test piece can be controlled.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of dynamic mechanical response testing of materials under complex impact load, in particular to a coaxial two-way impact tensile experimental device based on controllable deformation.
Background
In the field of impact dynamics, experimental studies on the dynamic compression mechanical properties of materials at high strain rates have been carried out essentially by means of the conventional split hopkinson rod technique. In the test process, a tested material test piece is clamped between an incident rod and a transmission rod, the incident rod is impacted by an impact rod, an incident tensile stress wave is generated in the incident rod, the incident tensile stress wave is transmitted to the tested material test piece and is subjected to impact tensile loading, and the transmission signals of the stress wave in the incident rod and the transmission rod are measured through strain gauges adhered to the incident rod and the transmission rod.
It should be noted that the traditional split hopkinson pressure bar technology is developed by testing and researching the dynamic compression mechanical properties of materials on the premise of the following two basic assumptions, wherein the first is that the propagation of stress waves in the pressure bar is one-dimensional stress wave propagation, and the second is that the stress strain in the tested material test piece is uniformly distributed in the test loading process. However, in an actual engineering structure, when the structure is subjected to explosion impact load, the local materials in the structure show not dynamic mechanical response under a one-dimensional stress state, but complex dynamic mechanical response under a complex stress state; therefore, in the experimental study, the dynamic mechanical response of the material under the complex stress state also needs to be studied.
In addition, in the actual test process, the length of the test piece enables the stress wave to be transmitted to the other end of the test piece from one end of the test piece in the initial stage of impact loading, so that the time range exists, the force at the two ends of the test piece is unbalanced, and certain errors exist in the test data.
It should be further noted that, in the conventional split hopkinson pull rod technology, a pulse-length stress wave is adopted as an effective stress wave for analyzing test data, although a single impact rod is adopted to impact an incident rod, a single incident tensile stress wave is generated, but the single incident tensile stress wave is reflected back and forth in the pressure rod, multiple impact loads are applied to a tested material test piece, the final deformation of the tested material test piece cannot correspond to the analyzed result of the effective data, and the final deformation of the tested material needs to be controlled.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a coaxial two-way impact tensile experimental device based on controllable deformation, which has novel structural design, can realize the test development of dynamic mechanical response of a tested material test piece under a coaxial two-way impact tensile load, and can reduce the time for the internal stress of the tested material test piece to be uniform under the impact load; the coaxial biaxial impact tension experimental device based on the controllable deformation can also control the deformation of the tested material test piece so as to analyze the damage appearance of the tested material test piece under different deformations.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
A coaxial two-way impact tensile experimental device based on controllable deformation comprises an impact loading assembly, an incident rod assembly positioned on the front end side of the impact loading assembly, and a stress wave decomposition pressure rod assembly positioned between the impact loading assembly and the incident rod assembly, wherein a tested material test piece is arranged in the middle of the incident rod assembly;
the impact loading assembly comprises a striking rod in a circular straight rod shape and a launching device for driving the striking rod to move;
the incident rod assembly comprises two coaxial incident rods which are respectively in a circular straight rod shape and are axially aligned, the specifications of the two coaxial incident rods are the same, the tested material test piece is positioned between the two coaxial incident rods, and the inner end part of each coaxial incident rod is respectively connected with the corresponding end part of the tested material test piece; strain gauges are respectively adhered to the middle positions of the coaxial incident rods, and the distances from the strain gauges to a tested material test piece are respectively equal;
the stress wave decomposition pressure lever component comprises a first stress wave decomposition pressure lever which is axially aligned with the impact lever, and the axis of the first stress wave decomposition pressure lever is aligned with the center of the tested material test piece; the rear end face of the first secondary stress wave decomposition compression rod is a first compression rod loading face, the front end part of the first secondary stress wave decomposition compression rod is of a wedge-shaped structure, the front end part of the first secondary stress wave decomposition compression rod is provided with a first compression rod wave decomposition inclined face corresponding to each coaxial incident rod respectively, and the two first compression rod wave decomposition inclined faces are arranged in a central symmetry mode relative to the axis of the first secondary stress wave decomposition compression rod;
a second stress wave decomposition compression rod is respectively arranged between each coaxial incident rod and the first stress wave decomposition compression rod, and the specifications of all the second stress wave decomposition compression rods are the same; the outer end side of each coaxial incident rod on the strain gauge is respectively provided with an incident rod through hole which is completely penetrated in the radial direction, the front end part of each second stress wave decomposition compression rod is respectively embedded in the incident rod through hole of the corresponding coaxial incident rod, the front end part of each second stress wave decomposition compression rod is respectively provided with a second compression rod inclined plane which is vertical to the axis of the corresponding coaxial incident rod, and the second compression rod inclined plane of each second stress wave decomposition compression rod is respectively contacted and attached with the inner wall of the incident rod through hole of the corresponding coaxial incident rod; the rear end surface of each secondary stress wave decomposition pressure rod is contacted and jointed with the corresponding wave decomposition inclined surface of the first pressure rod;
the outer end side of each coaxial incident rod is respectively provided with a deformation control head, the specifications of all the deformation control heads are the same, each deformation control head is respectively in a circular straight rod shape, and each deformation control head and the corresponding coaxial incident rod are respectively axially aligned and arranged at intervals.
The tested material test piece is cylindrical, and the tested material test piece and the coaxial incident rod are axially arranged in an aligned mode.
Wherein the diameter value of the striker rod is equal to the diameter value of the first stress wave decomposition pressure rod.
And the diameter value of each second secondary stress wave decomposition pressure bar is respectively smaller than the diameter value of the first secondary stress wave decomposition pressure bar.
Wherein the diameter value of the coaxial incident rod is equal to the diameter value of the deformation control head.
Wherein, the transmitting device is a gas transmitting device or an electromagnetic transmitting device.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that: the utility model relates to a coaxial two-way impact tensile experimental device based on controllable deformation, which comprises an impact loading assembly, an incident rod assembly positioned on the front end side of the impact loading assembly, and a stress wave decomposition pressure rod assembly positioned between the impact loading assembly and the incident rod assembly, wherein a tested material test piece is arranged in the middle of the incident rod assembly; the impact loading assembly comprises a striking rod in a circular straight rod shape and a launching device for driving the striking rod to move; the incident rod assembly comprises two coaxial incident rods which are respectively in a circular straight rod shape and are axially aligned, the specifications of the two coaxial incident rods are the same, the tested material test piece is positioned between the two coaxial incident rods, and the inner end part of each coaxial incident rod is respectively connected with the corresponding end part of the tested material test piece; strain gauges are respectively adhered to the middle positions of the coaxial incident rods, and the distances from the strain gauges to a tested material test piece are respectively equal; the stress wave decomposition pressure lever component comprises a first stress wave decomposition pressure lever which is axially aligned with the impact lever, and the axis of the first stress wave decomposition pressure lever is aligned with the center of the tested material test piece; the rear end face of the first secondary stress wave decomposition compression rod is a first compression rod loading face, the front end part of the first secondary stress wave decomposition compression rod is of a wedge-shaped structure, the front end part of the first secondary stress wave decomposition compression rod is provided with a first compression rod wave decomposition inclined face corresponding to each coaxial incident rod respectively, and the two first compression rod wave decomposition inclined faces are arranged in a central symmetry mode relative to the axis of the first secondary stress wave decomposition compression rod; a second stress wave decomposition compression rod is respectively arranged between each coaxial incident rod and the first stress wave decomposition compression rod, and the specifications of all the second stress wave decomposition compression rods are the same; the outer end side of each coaxial incident rod on the strain gauge is respectively provided with an incident rod through hole which is completely penetrated in the radial direction, the front end part of each second stress wave decomposition compression rod is respectively embedded in the incident rod through hole of the corresponding coaxial incident rod, the front end part of each second stress wave decomposition compression rod is respectively provided with a second compression rod inclined plane which is vertical to the axis of the corresponding coaxial incident rod, and the second compression rod inclined plane of each second stress wave decomposition compression rod is respectively contacted and attached with the inner wall of the incident rod through hole of the corresponding coaxial incident rod; the rear end surface of each secondary stress wave decomposition pressure rod is contacted and jointed with the corresponding wave decomposition inclined surface of the first pressure rod; the outer end side of each coaxial incident rod is respectively provided with a deformation control head, the specifications of all the deformation control heads are the same, each deformation control head is respectively in a circular straight rod shape, and each deformation control head and the corresponding coaxial incident rod are respectively axially aligned and arranged at intervals. Through the structural design, the utility model has the advantages of novel structural design, can realize the test development of the dynamic mechanical response of the tested material test piece under the coaxial bidirectional impact tensile load, and can reduce the time for the tested material test piece to have uniform internal stress under the impact load; in addition, the coaxial biaxial impact tension experimental device based on controllable deformation can also control the deformation of the tested material test piece so as to analyze the damage appearance of the tested material test piece under different deformations.
Drawings
The utility model will be further described with reference to the drawings to which, however, the embodiments shown in the drawings do not constitute any limitation.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the present invention.
Included in fig. 1 and 2 are:
1-impact loading assembly 11-impact rod
2-incident rod Assembly 21-coaxial incident rod
211 incident rod through hole 22 strain gauge
3-stress wave decomposition pressure bar component 31-first stress wave decomposition pressure bar
311-first pressure lever loading surface 312-first pressure lever wave decomposition slope
32-second secondary stress wave decomposition pressure lever 321-first pressure lever inclined plane
4-tested material test piece 5-deformation control head.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the coaxial biaxial impact tension experimental device based on controllable deformation comprises an impact loading assembly 1, an incident rod assembly 2 located at the front end side of the impact loading assembly 1, and a stress wave decomposition pressure rod assembly 3 located between the impact loading assembly 1 and the incident rod assembly 2, wherein a tested material test piece 4 is arranged in the middle of the incident rod assembly 2. It should be explained that, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the material test piece 4 to be measured is in a cylindrical shape, and the material test piece 4 to be measured is arranged in axial alignment with the coaxial incident rod 21; of course, the shape of the material test piece 4 is not limited to the present invention, i.e. the material test piece 4 may be designed into a dog bone shape, i.e. a shape with thicker ends and thinner middle.
The impact loading assembly 1 comprises a striking rod 11 in a circular straight rod shape and a launching device for driving the striking rod 11 to move; preferably, the emitting device of the present invention is a gas emitting device or an electromagnetic emitting device.
Further, the incident rod assembly 2 comprises two coaxial incident rods 21 which are respectively in a circular straight rod shape and are axially aligned, the specifications of the two coaxial incident rods 21 are the same, the tested material test piece 4 is positioned between the two coaxial incident rods 21, and the inner end part of each coaxial incident rod 21 is respectively connected with the corresponding end part of the tested material test piece 4; the strain gauges 22 are respectively adhered to the middle positions of the coaxial incident rods 21, and the distances from the strain gauges 22 to the tested material test piece 4 are respectively equal.
Furthermore, the stress wave decomposition pressure rod component 3 comprises a first secondary stress wave decomposition pressure rod 31 which is arranged in axial alignment with the impact rod 11, and the axis of the first secondary stress wave decomposition pressure rod 31 is aligned with the center of the tested material test piece 4; the rear end face of the first secondary stress wave decomposition compression rod 31 is a first compression rod loading surface 311, the front end portion of the first secondary stress wave decomposition compression rod 31 is of a wedge-shaped structure, the front end portion of the first secondary stress wave decomposition compression rod 31 is provided with a first compression rod wave decomposition inclined surface 312 corresponding to each coaxial incident rod 21, and the two first compression rod wave decomposition inclined surfaces 312 are arranged in a central symmetry mode with respect to the axis of the first secondary stress wave decomposition compression rod 31.
In addition, a second stress wave decomposition compression rod 32 is respectively arranged between each coaxial incident rod 21 and the first stress wave decomposition compression rod 31, and the specifications of all the second stress wave decomposition compression rods 32 are the same; the outer end side of each coaxial incident rod 21 of the strain gauge 22 is respectively provided with an incident rod through hole 211 which completely penetrates in the radial direction, the front end part of each second stress wave decomposition compression rod 32 is respectively embedded in the incident rod through hole 211 of the corresponding coaxial incident rod 21, the front end part of each second stress wave decomposition compression rod 32 is respectively provided with a second compression rod inclined plane which is vertical to the axis of the corresponding coaxial incident rod 21, and the second compression rod inclined plane of each second stress wave decomposition compression rod 32 is respectively contacted and attached with the inner wall of the incident rod through hole 211 of the corresponding coaxial incident rod 21; the rear end face of each second stress wave decomposition pressure lever 32 is contacted and jointed with the corresponding first pressure lever wave decomposition inclined plane 312.
Moreover, the outer end side of each coaxial incident rod 21 is provided with a deformation control head 5, all the deformation control heads 5 have the same specification, each deformation control head 5 is in a circular straight rod shape, and each deformation control head 5 and the corresponding coaxial incident rod 21 are axially aligned and arranged at intervals. For the deformation control head 5, the deformation control head 5 is used for controlling the deformation of the tested material test piece 4, the deformation control head 5 can be arranged on an experiment table by adopting an adjustable installation structure, and during the experiment, the distance between each deformation control head 5 and the corresponding coaxial incident rod 21 can be adjusted so as to analyze the damage appearance of the tested material test piece 4 under different deformations; wherein, above-mentioned deformation control head 5 mounting structure can be electric putter structure, and deformation control head 5 is installed in electric putter's drive end, and during the use, electric putter promotes deformation control head 5 and removes.
It should be explained that the diameter value of the striker rod 11 is equal to the diameter value of the first stress wave decomposition compression rod 31, the diameter value of each second stress wave decomposition compression rod 32 is smaller than the diameter value of the first stress wave decomposition compression rod 31, and the diameter value of the coaxial incident rod 21 is equal to the diameter value of the deformation control head 5.
In the process of carrying out the two-dimensional two-way impact tensile experiment on the tested material test piece 4 by using the utility model, the specific steps are as follows:
step a, arranging the device:
installing an emitting device, an impact rod 11, coaxial incident rods 21, a first stress wave decomposition compression rod 31, a tested material test piece 4, each second stress wave decomposition compression rod 32 and each deformation control head 5 on an experiment table according to the figure 1, and enabling the tested material test piece 4 to be arranged between the two coaxial incident rods 21; the inner end part of each coaxial incident rod 21 can be firmly connected with the corresponding end part of the tested material test piece 4 in a mode of bonding by high-strength glue or clamping and fixing by a clamp;
step b, pasting the strain gauge 22:
respectively sticking strain gauges 22 at the middle positions of the coaxial incident rods 21, and ensuring that the distances from the strain gauges 22 to the tested material test piece 4 are equal;
step c, connecting data acquisition equipment:
electrically connecting the output end of the strain gauge 22 with the input end of data acquisition equipment so as to acquire stress wave signals through the data acquisition equipment;
step d, test loading and data processing:
the gas emitting device or the electromagnetic emitting device is adopted to drive the impact rod 11 to impact the first stress wave decomposition pressure rod 31, a stress wave is generated in the first stress wave decomposition pressure rod 31 and is conducted to two first pressure wave decomposition inclined planes 312 which are symmetrically arranged, each first pressure wave decomposition inclined plane 312 conducts the stress wave to the corresponding second stress wave decomposition pressure rod 32, and the two second stress wave decomposition pressure rods 32 in the stress wave decomposition pressure rod assembly 3 conduct a stress wave respectively; stress waves conducted in each second stress wave decomposition pressure rod 32 are transmitted to a corresponding second pressure rod inclined surface, and then the second pressure rod inclined surfaces transmit the stress waves to corresponding coaxial incident rods 21, namely, the stress waves are subjected to two times of stress wave decomposition and then respectively generate an incident stress wave in two coaxially arranged coaxial incident rods 21 so as to carry out coaxial biaxial tension loading on the tested material test piece 4; it should be noted that, because the two first pressure lever wave decomposition slopes 312 are symmetrically arranged, the two second stress wave decomposition pressure levers 32 have the same specification, and the two coaxial incident levers 21 have the same specification, it can be ensured that the incident stress waves in the two coaxial incident levers 21 are the same and synchronous stress waves, so that the two coaxial incident levers 21 perform synchronous tensile loading on the tested material test piece 4;
the tested material test piece 4 is arranged between the two coaxial incident rods 21, and the incident stress wave in each coaxial incident rod 21 is a tensile stress wave; due to the fact that wave impedance between the tested material test piece 4 and the coaxial incident rods 21 is not matched, a reflected stress wave is generated in each of the two coaxial incident rods 21; the strain gauge 22 adhered to the coaxial incident rod 21 feeds back a stress wave signal in the coaxial incident rod 21 to the data acquisition equipment;
the strain signal in the coaxial incident rod 21 contains the incident stress wave
And reflecting the stress wave
(ii) a The strain rate of the tested material test piece 4 in an impact tensile loading direction can be calculated through formula (1), the strain of the tested material test piece 4 in the impact tensile process can be calculated through formula (2), and the stress of the tested material test piece 4 in the impact tensile process can be calculated through formula (3):
where the subscripts m and n denote two coaxial incident beams 21, called incident beam m and incident beam n,
and
respectively an incident stress wave and a reflected stress wave.
Is the stress wave propagation wave velocity in the incident rod,
the initial length of the tested material 4, E the elastic modulus of the incident rod material,
and
the cross-sectional areas of the incident rod and the test piece 4 of the material to be measured are shown respectively.
By combining the above conditions, the utility model has the advantages of novel structural design, can realize the test development of the dynamic mechanical response of the tested material test piece 4 under the coaxial bidirectional impact tensile load, and can reduce the time for the internal stress of the tested material test piece 4 to be uniform under the impact load; in addition, the coaxial biaxial impact tension experimental device based on controllable deformation can also control the deformation of the tested material test piece 4 so as to analyze the damage morphology of the tested material test piece 4 under different deformations.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, the present invention should not be limited by the description of the present invention, which should be interpreted as a limitation.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a tensile experimental apparatus of coaxial two-way impact based on deflection is controllable which characterized in that: the device comprises an impact loading assembly (1), an incident rod assembly (2) positioned on the front end side of the impact loading assembly (1), and a stress wave decomposition pressure rod assembly (3) positioned between the impact loading assembly (1) and the incident rod assembly (2), wherein a tested material test piece (4) is arranged in the middle of the incident rod assembly (2);
the impact loading assembly (1) comprises a striking rod (11) in a circular straight rod shape and a launching device for driving the striking rod (11) to move;
the incident rod assembly (2) comprises two coaxial incident rods (21) which are respectively in a circular straight rod shape and are axially aligned, the specifications of the two coaxial incident rods (21) are the same, the tested material test piece (4) is positioned between the two coaxial incident rods (21), and the inner end part of each coaxial incident rod (21) is respectively connected with the corresponding end part of the tested material test piece (4); strain gauges (22) are respectively adhered to the middle positions of the coaxial incident rods (21), and the distances from the strain gauges (22) to the tested material test piece (4) are respectively equal;
the stress wave decomposition compression bar component (3) comprises a first primary stress wave decomposition compression bar (31) which is axially aligned with the impact bar (11), and the axis of the first primary stress wave decomposition compression bar (31) is aligned with the center of the tested material test piece (4); the rear end face of the first secondary stress wave decomposition compression rod (31) is a first compression rod loading surface (311), the front end part of the first secondary stress wave decomposition compression rod (31) is of a wedge-shaped structure, the front end part of the first secondary stress wave decomposition compression rod (31) is provided with a first compression rod wave decomposition inclined surface (312) corresponding to each coaxial incident rod (21), and the two first compression rod wave decomposition inclined surfaces (312) are arranged in a central symmetry mode relative to the axis of the first secondary stress wave decomposition compression rod (31);
second stress wave decomposition compression rods (32) are respectively arranged between each coaxial incident rod (21) and the first stress wave decomposition compression rod (31), and the specifications of all the second stress wave decomposition compression rods (32) are the same; the outer end side of each coaxial incident rod (21) on the strain gauge (22) is respectively provided with an incident rod through hole (211) which completely penetrates in the radial direction, the front end part of each second stress wave decomposition compression rod (32) is respectively embedded in the incident rod through hole (211) of the corresponding coaxial incident rod (21), the front end part of each second stress wave decomposition compression rod (32) is respectively provided with a second compression rod inclined plane which is vertical to the axis of the corresponding coaxial incident rod (21), and the second compression rod inclined plane of each second stress wave decomposition compression rod (32) is respectively contacted and attached to the inner wall of the incident rod through hole (211) of the corresponding coaxial incident rod (21); the rear end face of each secondary stress wave decomposition pressure rod (32) is contacted and jointed with the corresponding first pressure rod wave decomposition inclined plane (312) respectively;
the outer end side of each coaxial incident rod (21) is respectively provided with a deformation control head (5), the specifications of all the deformation control heads (5) are the same, each deformation control head (5) is in a circular straight rod shape, and each deformation control head (5) and the corresponding coaxial incident rod (21) are respectively aligned in the axial direction and are arranged at intervals.
2. The coaxial biaxial impact stretching experimental device based on controllable deformation amount of claim 1, characterized in that: the tested material test piece (4) is cylindrical, and the tested material test piece (4) and the coaxial incidence rod (21) are axially aligned.
3. The coaxial biaxial impact stretching experimental device based on controllable deformation amount of claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter value of the impact rod (11) is equal to that of the first secondary stress wave decomposition pressure rod (31).
4. The coaxial biaxial impact stretching experimental device based on controllable deformation amount of claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter value of each second stress wave decomposition compression rod (32) is smaller than that of the first stress wave decomposition compression rod (31).
5. The coaxial biaxial impact stretching experimental device based on controllable deformation amount of claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter value of the coaxial incident rod (21) is equal to that of the deformation control head (5).
6. The coaxial biaxial impact stretching experimental device based on controllable deformation amount of claim 1, characterized in that: the transmitting device is a gas transmitting device or an electromagnetic transmitting device.
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| CN202121633845.6U CN215339331U (en) | 2021-07-19 | 2021-07-19 | Coaxial bidirectional impact tensile experimental device based on controllable deformation |
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