CN102819035A - Non-contact ultrasonic testing method - Google Patents
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- CN102819035A CN102819035A CN2011101537250A CN201110153725A CN102819035A CN 102819035 A CN102819035 A CN 102819035A CN 2011101537250 A CN2011101537250 A CN 2011101537250A CN 201110153725 A CN201110153725 A CN 201110153725A CN 102819035 A CN102819035 A CN 102819035A
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Abstract
The invention provides a non-contact ultrasonic testing method and belongs to the field of ultrasonic vibration testing. The method is characterized in that high-voltage pulses or alternating voltage is adopted to excite high-frequency vibration of a non-contact focusing probeand further to induce sound waves to be transmitted out, sound wave radiation energy is focused, focused sound waves are emitted to a shot point of a tested geologic model, ultrasonic waves are generated on the shot point and transmitted to the interior of the tested geologic model, simultaneously a detection point of the tested geologic model is detected to obtain voltage signals, and the voltage signals are converted to digital signals and transmitted to a computer to be processed. The non-contact ultrasonic testing method solves the problem of various normal geologic model simulation methods, can perform large-scale multipoint non-contact ultrasonic detection for complex surface models and meets special requirements of modern geophysical prospecting fine simulation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the ultrasonic vibration detection range, be specifically related to a kind of non-contact ultrasonic wave detecting method, through under indoor conditions, producing and the detection of received ultrasonic signal realization vibration with the noncontact mode.
Background technology
Seismic physical modeling research is meant utilizes physical model that earthquake and relevant phenomenon (particularly wave phenomenon) are studied, and it is an important component part of experimental geology, and model geology is otherwise known as.The method of the most generally using in the research of model geology is a ultrasonic method, therefore often is called as ultrasonic earthquake simulation.Ultrasonic earthquake physical model experiment through the propagation observation of ultrasound wave in geologic model to seismic event the propagation in various complex geologic bodies carry out lab simulation observation, and carry out study of seismology according to observed result.It is explained and has solved the practical problems that occurs in many geophysical surveys, thereby has greatly promoted the theoretical development of seismology.
Ultrasonic inspection also is in ultrasound examination, is a kind of of Non-Destructive Testing.Non-Destructive Testing is under the prerequisite of not defective work piece or starting material duty, a kind of detection means that the surface that is verified parts and internal soundness are checked.
Ultrasonic detection method commonly used at present mainly contains two kinds, contact type measurement and non-cpntact measurement.
1. contact type measurement
The probe that contact type measurement adopts piezoelectric ultrasonic probe or other materials to process usually.This probe is made up of piezoelectric chip or other materials (like compound substance) usually, and it is relatively simple for structure, and is easy for installation, receives and dispatches interchangeable.What Fig. 1 provided is the cut-away view of piezoelectricity contact probe.
When solid material was measured, transmitting probe and receiving transducer were close to the testee surface.Emitting head converts electric signal (being generally burst pulse) into ultrasonic signal; Receive head and then convert ultrasonic signal into electric signal.
2. non-cpntact measurement
The non-cpntact measurement that uses at present is made up of intense pulse laser source and laser vibration measurer usually.
Ultrasonic emitting partly adopts the intense pulse laser source.When model was tested, the intense pulse laser source was to model point (being called shot point again) emission laser pulse, and this point is heated thermal expansion or fusing can take place, and produced ultrasound wave thus and transmitted to model is inner.The ultrasound wave receiving unit adopts laser vibration measurer, and it can detect the vibration velocity or the displacement on testee surface.
Existing ultrasonic detection method is being used for having certain shortcoming and limitation when geologic model detects.
1. the piezoelectric ultrasonic probe is simple relatively, and price is lower, but when carrying out the geologic model detection, uses the piezoelectric type probe can produce some problems when transmitting and receiving.
Piezoelectric ultrasonic probe is to solid geologic model (especially to the complex surface model) when detecting; Owing to the reason device of process aspect, the test section surface of contact is bigger, when the curved surface model is detected; Probe and model surface coupling effect are poor, sometimes even can't be coupled; Because existing ultrasonic probe can only carry out narrow emission and reception, therefore measure the actual conditions that can not reflect that the field construction wideband receives.Owing to be contact type measurement, adopt then low, the low precision of efficiency of measurement of manual mode in addition; When moving through mechanical system, all will repeat to pull up and place this process, and that each set-point probe and contact pressure between model are difficult to accomplish is consistent, the poor repeatability of therefore measuring is damaged probe easily at every turn.Often the complete test of a sleeve solid geologic model needs the some months time at present, and the piezoelectric ultrasonic probe can not satisfy the needs of research and production far away.
2. laser-ultrasound wave measurement
The laser-ultrasound wave measurement is a kind of non-contact ultrasonic measuring method.It can overcome the problem that the piezoelectric type probe exists effectively, but it also exists some problems.Because ultrasonic emitting partly adopts the intense pulse laser source, when intense pulse laser source irradiation nonmetallic materials, the high temperature of instantaneous generation can damage the surface, measured point, this point is reached burnt in the neighbourhood, and produce distortion.The damage of this point can influence next time the stimulation effect at this point.And when carrying out the physical model detection; Requirement can repeatedly be launched ultrasonic signal on same launching site (we are referred to as shot point); This just means that this point is repeatedly shone by the intense pulse laser source; And require the state of this point of each pre-irradiation can not change, i.e. good reproducibility, and adopt the intense pulse laser source to be difficult to accomplish this point.If the reduction emitted energy, the ultrasonic emitting energy that then produces is not enough, and signal can't arrive the model deep layer.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve a difficult problem that exists in the above-mentioned prior art; A kind of non-contact ultrasonic wave detecting method is provided; Can in the laboratory, excite and the real data gatherer process in the real simulation field, obtain efficiently, collection effect and obtain high-quality image data fast and accurately.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
A kind of non-contact ultrasonic wave detecting method; Said method utilizes high-voltage pulse or alternating voltage to inspire the dither of noncontact accumulation type probe; And then bring out sound wave and pass, and said acoustic irradiation energy is focused on, the sound wave emissions after will focusing on again is to the shot point of tested geologic model; Transmit at shot point generation ultrasound wave and to the inside of tested geologic model; Check point to tested geologic model detects simultaneously, obtains voltage signal, more said voltage signal is converted into digital data transmission and handles to computing machine.
Said method adopts high-voltage pulse generator and noncontact focused transducer as emitter; Said high-voltage pulse generator sends the high drive burst pulse to the noncontact focused transducer; Said noncontact focused transducer is then to the shot point of tested geologic model emission focusing pulse, produces ultrasound wave at the shot point place and transmits to tested geologic model is inner.
Said noncontact accumulation type probe comprises that matrix and piezoelectric ceramics, said matrix are the arcuate structure that the front is recessed, the back side is protruding, and is flexible; Said piezoelectric ceramics sticks on the back side of curved base, and its polarised direction is along the thickness direction of matrix, i.e. the normal direction of matrix;
When the operation mode of matrix was flexural vibrations, the crest place of matrix and the sense of displacement at trough place (being the normal direction at crest or trough place) all pointed to same focus; Piezoelectric ceramics stick on matrix the back side crest place or trough place or stick on the crest place simultaneously and the trough place; Is opposite in the polarised direction of the piezoelectric ceramics at crest place with polarised direction at the piezoelectric ceramics at trough place.
Said method adopts laser doppler vibrometer as receiving trap; The voltage signal that adopts high-speed AD converter that laser doppler vibrometer is exported is converted into digital signal and gives Computer Processing.
Said method adopts two cover three coordinates measuring equipments, servomotor controller and six shaft position meter controllers as workbench;
The laser probe of said noncontact focused transducer and laser doppler vibrometer is installed in respectively on the cover three coordinates measuring equipment through mechanical clamp; Every cover three coordinates measuring equipment moves noncontact focused transducer head or laser probe according to computer commands on X, Y, Z direction;
The operation of said servomotor controller control servomotor, the motion of the mechanical axis of servomotor control three coordinates measuring equipment;
The order of said six shaft position meter controller receiving computers is also given servomotor controller after decoding; And give computing machine with position signalling as required, six shaft position meter controllers send the gatherer process that synchronizing signal starts emission process, laser doppler vibrometer and the high-speed AD converter of noncontact focused transducer according to requirement of experiment after arriving check point simultaneously.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. in the method, with noncontact accumulation type probe simulation explosive, the laser head simulated earthquake wave detector of laser vibration measurer utilizes this method just can simulate the complete gatherer process of ground observation like this;
2. launching site and the acceptance point of the emitter that uses of this method and receiving trap are minimum, launch focus point and have only 0.2mm, and detection meets model and contact point by the principle of field seismometer reduced scale, makes simulate effect more true to nature;
3. the result of this method reception is a high accuracy data, can detected minimum vibration signal be 0.02 micron.The data that collect have the dynamic range of broad, can surpass 100dB;
4. this method can and receive dynamic range to obtain best collection effect through the adjustment emitted energy to different sizes and dissimilar seismic models;
5. owing to adopt contactless measurement, when solid curved surface seismic model is detected, can realize detecting automatically and good coupling effect being arranged, detection and ballistic device are to the influence of model when having solved contact measurement;
6. compare picking rate with original piezoelectric probe contact type measurement and improved more than ten times, greatly improved and gathered the efficient of producing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cut-away view of piezoelectricity contact probe of the prior art.
Fig. 2-the 1st, the schematic rear view of the employed noncontact focused transducer of the inventive method.
Fig. 2-the 2nd, the front schematic view of the employed noncontact focused transducer of the inventive method.
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic that the employed piezoelectric ceramics of the inventive method excites probe flexural vibrations and focused sound waves.
Fig. 4 is the fundamental diagram of the inventive method.
Fig. 5 is the automatic collection sequential sketch in the inventive method course of work.
Among the figure, 1-1 is a ultrasonic radiation face, and 1-2 is an acoustic matching layer, and 1-3 is a piezoelectric ceramics, and 1-4 is a metal case, and 1-5 base, 1-6 are shielding materials, and 1-7 is a lead terminal;
2-1 is high-performance PZT, and 2-2 is the radiation end face, and 2-3 is a matrix, and 2-4 is an acoustic irradiation, and 2-5 is a polarised direction.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail:
A kind of non-contact ultrasonic wave detecting method; Said method utilizes high-voltage pulse or alternating voltage to inspire the dither of noncontact accumulation type probe; And then bring out sound wave and pass, and said acoustic irradiation energy is focused on, the sound wave emissions after will focusing on again is to the shot point of tested geologic model; Transmit at shot point generation ultrasound wave and to the inside of tested geologic model; Check point to tested geologic model detects simultaneously, obtains voltage signal, more said voltage signal is converted into digital data transmission and handles to computing machine.
The noncontact focused transducer that said method is used is designed to as shown in Figure 2; What Fig. 2 provided is the overall diagram of noncontact focused transducer under off position, is positive recessed, the structure that the back side is protruding; Said curved base 2-3 is flexible; Be pasted with polylith piezoelectric ceramics (high-performance PZT) 2-1 at the back side of matrix 2-3 (shown in Fig. 2-1), the polarised direction of every piezoelectric ceramics 2-1 is all along thickness direction, i.e. the normal direction of curved base 2-3.When the electric field that piezoelectric ceramics 2-1 applied along polarised direction, rely on the d31 effect of piezoelectric ceramics 2-1 can be at first in piezoelectric ceramics 2-1 producing displacement response tangentially, thereby make electric energy convert mechanical energy effectively to.Since piezoelectric ceramics 2-1 and flexible arc matrix 2-3 be gluing together; Can know by deformation compatibility condition; The two will produce same distortion at boundary (place that pottery and matrix are pasted); Piezoelectric ceramics 2-1 will spur matrix 2-3 and be out of shape together, can produce tensile force to matrix 2-3 and produce mechanical stress thus.If piezoelectric ceramics 2-1 is applied specific signal (alternation or pulse); Piezoelectric ceramics 2-1 is subjected to displacement because of inverse piezoelectric effect; Driving the matrix 2-3 that bonds together with piezoelectric ceramics 2-1 deforms; Inspire the dither of matrix 2-3, as shown in Figure 3, Fig. 3 provides is the synoptic diagram that the noncontact focused transducer has a plurality of Wave crest and wave troughs in working order.
The criterion of design matrix is, selected flexural vibrations are as operation mode, and the sense of displacement at its crest and trough place all points to same focus (before not pasting piezoelectric ceramics, can making it to meet the demands through finite element analysis and design).For increasing output power, piezoelectric ceramics can stick on crest place or trough place simultaneously or stick on the crest place simultaneously and the trough place.Only be attached to the trough place or only be attached to the crest place; Also can excite needed vibration mode, but if only be attached to crest or trough place, piezoelectric unit is very few; May make that emittance is not enough and impact effect is realized final sound radiation energy output because be after all through piezoelectric unit.It should be noted that especially the deformation direction at crest or trough place piezoelectric ceramics is opposite all the time, this can guarantee through the polarised direction 2-5 of the piezoelectric ceramics pasted at crest and trough place on the contrary, and is as shown in Figure 3.During work, all piezoelectric ceramics are applied the pumping signal of alternation, and the frequency of alternating electric field is consistent with the vibration modal frequency of matrix.Because it is opposite being distributed in the polarised direction 2-5 at crest and trough place, its distortion also is reverse, just can inspire operation mode.Each crest or trough place produce displacement response and all can bring out sound wave and pass on the curved base.Because the crest and the trough place sense of displacement of the vibration of probe matrix all point to same focus, the energy of the acoustic irradiation 2-4 that dither brings out will reach maximum in focus, can realize that promptly the acoustic wave energy on the certain distance focuses on.Rely on the advantage of this method of d31 effect to be,, therefore do not need the design of backing because do not have the interference of reflection wave, fairly simple on the structure.
Concrete design key is the concrete configuration parameters of curved base, and concrete configuration parameters is to confirm according to following principle: (1) crest and the displacement of trough place are pointed to a bit, promptly focus on; (2) obtain the amplitude output of trying one's best big.The layout of piezoelectric ceramics and quantity (can accelerate) according to power demand; Radiating surface 2-2 (the front that refers to matrix; That face that does not promptly have piezoelectric ceramics) surface is provided with matching layer, the sound wave that the material design of said matching layer and selection will guarantee to produce the enough energy that meet the demands.
Consider mainly that for the selection of matching layer acoustic impedance coupling, decay are little etc., and can satisfy processing request, just very crisp like some material, cause being difficult to be processed into the needed parallel and smooth surface that has.Among the present invention, the optional material of matching layer concentrates on microporous materials, therefore generally can select like aerogel the high fibrous composite of porous, porous polymeric materials.
The emitter that said method is used comprises high-voltage pulse generator and noncontact focused transducer.When tested geologic model is tested; Mechanical hook-up (referring to that the mechanical clamp that laser head or transmitting probe are installed is driven mobile by mechanical screws) arrives the synchronizing signal startup high-voltage pulse generator that sends behind the check point and sends the high drive burst pulse to the noncontact focused transducer; And this noncontact focused transducer transmits at this point (referring to the shot point place) generation ultrasound wave (the noncontact focused transducer converts pulse voltage signal to ultrasonic signal and sends) and to model inside then to certain point (being called shot point) emission focusing pulse of tested geologic model.In this process, the launching site medium can not be damaged, and therefore belongs to Non-Destructive Testing.Because the noncontact focused transducer is the noncontact emissive source, when the shift position, emitting head does not have the handling process, and its production efficiency is higher; And the noncontact focused transducer can be little of the 0.2mm (diameter of that when being meant the shot point diameter or referring to that ultrasonic emitting arrives model surface through focusing in the focus on the model; This focuses on light is the same in essence), meet the scaled requirement of open-air focus.
The receiving trap that said method is used comprises laser doppler vibrometer.Being characterized in that measuring accuracy is high, bandwidth. testing process does not have handling, and its production efficiency is higher; And the check point of lasing light emitter on model can be little of tens microns through focusing on, and meets the scaled requirement of open-air focus.Laser doppler vibrometer converts vibration velocity signal or displacement signal into voltage signal output.
The voltage signal that said method adopts high-speed AD converter that laser doppler vibrometer is exported is converted into digital signal and gives Computer Processing, and said high-speed AD converter adopts 24 20M analog to digital converters.
The workbench that said method is used comprises two cover three coordinates measuring equipment, servomotor controller and six shaft position meter controllers; Have six servomotors in other words and control the operation on X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Z1, the Z2 direction respectively; The operation of servomotor controller control servomotor; Six shaft position meter controllers then on the one hand can receiving computer order and after decoding, give servomotor controller, on the other hand can be as required the position signalling of laser head and transmitting probe be sent to computing machine.The laser probe of noncontact focused transducer and laser doppler vibrometer is installed in respectively on the cover three coordinates measuring equipment through mechanical clamp.Every cover three coordinates measuring equipment can make laser head or probe on X, Y, Z direction, move freely according to the order that computing machine is sent, and can easily probe and laser head be moved on to predetermined shot point and check point respectively like this.Six shaft position meter controllers can send the gatherer process that synchronizing signal starts emission process, laser doppler vibrometer and the A/D converter of noncontact focused transducer according to requirement of experiment after laser head arrives check point simultaneously, and are as shown in Figure 5.
As shown in Figure 4; The course of work of said method is following: computing machine is controlled six shaft position meter controllers; Six shaft position meter controllers control servomotor controller, servomotor controller control servomotor, and then the control mechanical axis is mobile; Behind noncontact focused transducer and laser probe arrival precalculated position, six shaft position meter controllers send the gatherer process that synchronizing signal starts emission process, laser doppler vibrometer and the A/D converter of noncontact focused transducer; At this moment; High-voltage pulse generator sends the high drive burst pulse to the noncontact focused transducer; This noncontact focused transducer is then launched focusing pulse to the shot point of tested geologic model; At this some generation ultrasound wave and to the inner transmission of model, the vibration velocity signal of tested geologic model or displacement signal are detected by the laser head of laser doppler vibrometer, through the controller of laser doppler vibrometer and the processing of scrambler; Processing through high-speed a/d converter is converted into digital signal then, at last this digital data transmission is handled to computing machine.In the course of the work, computing machine is controlled six shaft position meter controllers and high-speed a/d converter, and receives the data that both transmit.
Characteristics such as the employed emitter of this method has that launching site is little, broadband, noncontact, some emission and good reproducibility; Characteristics such as receiving trap has that volume is little, broadband reception, noncontact point measurement, highly sensitive, good reproducibility and measurement range are wide.
Technique scheme is one embodiment of the present invention; For those skilled in the art; On the basis that the invention discloses application process and principle, be easy to make various types of improvement or distortion, and be not limited only to the described method of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention; Therefore the mode of front description is just preferred, and does not have restrictive meaning.
Claims (5)
1. non-contact ultrasonic wave detecting method; It is characterized in that: said method utilizes high-voltage pulse or alternating voltage to inspire the dither of noncontact accumulation type probe; And then bring out sound wave and pass, and the emittance of said sound wave is focused on, the sound wave emissions after will focusing on again is to the shot point of tested geologic model; Transmit at shot point generation ultrasound wave and to the inside of tested geologic model; Check point to tested geologic model detects simultaneously, obtains voltage signal, more said voltage signal is converted into digital data transmission and handles to computing machine.
2. non-contact ultrasonic wave detecting method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said method adopts high-voltage pulse generator and noncontact focused transducer as emitter; Said high-voltage pulse generator sends the high drive burst pulse to the noncontact focused transducer; Said noncontact focused transducer is then to the shot point of tested geologic model emission focusing pulse, produces ultrasound wave at the shot point place and transmits to tested geologic model is inner.
3. non-contact ultrasonic wave detecting method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: said noncontact accumulation type probe comprises that matrix and piezoelectric ceramics, said matrix are the arcuate structure that the front is recessed, the back side is protruding, and is flexible; Said piezoelectric ceramics sticks on the back side of curved base, and its polarised direction is along the thickness direction of matrix, i.e. the normal direction of matrix;
When the operation mode of matrix was flexural vibrations, the crest place of matrix and the sense of displacement at trough place all pointed to same focus; Piezoelectric ceramics stick on matrix the back side crest place or trough place or stick on the crest place simultaneously and the trough place; Is opposite in the polarised direction of the piezoelectric ceramics at crest place with polarised direction at the piezoelectric ceramics at trough place.
4. non-contact ultrasonic wave detecting method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: said method adopts laser doppler vibrometer as receiving trap; The voltage signal that adopts high-speed AD converter that laser doppler vibrometer is exported is converted into digital signal and gives Computer Processing.
5. non-contact ultrasonic wave detecting method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: said method adopts two cover three coordinates measuring equipments, servomotor controller and six shaft position meter controllers as workbench;
The laser probe of said noncontact focused transducer and laser doppler vibrometer is installed in respectively on the cover three coordinates measuring equipment through mechanical clamp; Every cover three coordinates measuring equipment moves noncontact focused transducer head or laser probe according to computer commands on X, Y, Z direction;
The operation of said servomotor controller control servomotor, the motion of the mechanical axis of servomotor control three coordinates measuring equipment;
The order of said six shaft position meter controller receiving computers is also given servomotor controller after decoding; And give computing machine with position signalling as required, six shaft position meter controllers send the gatherer process that synchronizing signal starts emission process, laser doppler vibrometer and the high-speed AD converter of noncontact focused transducer according to requirement of experiment after arriving check point simultaneously.
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| CN109269996A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-25 | 西北大学 | Seismic physical model optical-fiber laser ultrasonic image-forming system |
| CN113406264A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-09-17 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Explosive burning rate non-contact type measurement experiment device and method based on terahertz waves |
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