CN215297368U - An experimental device for simulating the coupled action of seismic waves and rainfall to induce landslides - Google Patents
An experimental device for simulating the coupled action of seismic waves and rainfall to induce landslides Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本实用新型提供了一种模拟地震波和降雨耦合作用诱发滑坡的实验装置，属于岩土工程技术领域。该装置包括试验系统、振动模拟系统、降雨模拟系统；所述试验系统用于堆置边坡体并形成力学环境，所述振动模拟系统用于模拟地震波作用，所述降雨模拟系统用于提供水源并形成降雨作用环境。本实用新型的试验方法为：通过在试验箱内堆置试验所规定土料以构筑坡体，利用振动模拟系统模拟地震波对坡体的影响，坡体置于降雨强度及降雨时长可调的模拟降雨环境下，通过测量各土层的土压力与含水率等参数的变化，以及监测坡体在地震与降雨作用下的破坏过程，可用于研究地震波与降雨耦合作用影响而诱发滑坡的破坏机理，为边坡安全与防护方法研究提供帮助。
The utility model provides an experimental device for simulating the coupled action of seismic waves and rainfall to induce landslides, belonging to the technical field of geotechnical engineering. The device includes a test system, a vibration simulation system, and a rainfall simulation system; the test system is used to stack the slope body and form a mechanical environment, the vibration simulation system is used to simulate the action of seismic waves, and the rainfall simulation system is used to provide water sources And form a rainfall environment. The test method of the utility model is as follows: the slope body is constructed by stacking soil materials specified in the test in the test box, the impact of seismic waves on the slope body is simulated by a vibration simulation system, and the slope body is placed in a simulation of adjustable rainfall intensity and rainfall duration. In the rainfall environment, by measuring the changes of parameters such as earth pressure and water content of each soil layer, and monitoring the failure process of the slope under the action of earthquake and rainfall, it can be used to study the failure mechanism of landslides induced by the coupling effect of seismic waves and rainfall. Provide help for research on slope safety and protection methods.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a geotechnical engineering technical field, concretely relates to simulation seismic wave and rainfall coupling effect induce the experimental apparatus of landslide experiment.
Background
Rainfall and earthquake are both important causes of landslide. The earthquake can make the slope body take place to slide, collapse, seriously reduces the stability of side slope, and simultaneously the earthquake can make the side slope appear a large amount of fissures, and the rainwater can cause the side slope soil dead weight to increase through these fissures infiltration side slope depths during the rainfall, causes the matrix suction and shear strength to descend, finally causes the landslide, and this has all caused serious threat to rescue after the earthquake and rebuild work. Therefore, the influence of the coupling effect of the earthquake and the rainfall on the stability of the slope body is researched by a test means, and the method has important significance for the control of the landslide.
At present, the research on the slope stability caused by rainfall and earthquake is mainly carried out by the field actual measurement analysis, the data such as soil moisture content, pore water pressure, soil pressure and the like of a landslide area after disaster are collected, and then the rainfall data and earthquake related data are combined to carry out a numerical simulation test, the test condition is difficult to control, the data acquisition work in the area after disaster has certain danger, meanwhile, the influence of the coupling effect of the earthquake and the rainfall on the slope stability is researched only in a numerical simulation mode, and the result may have certain access with the actual result. The existing experimental device generally adopts a slope body built in a test box, and utilizes a driving device to drive the test box to carry out horizontal reciprocating motion so as to simulate horizontal vibration during earthquake, or utilizes an eccentric wheel shaft to generate vibration below the test box so as to simulate vibration load during earthquake, and finally utilizes a rainfall simulation device to simulate rainfall influence; the simulation effect of the former is closer to the influence of transverse waves in earthquake, but the influence of longitudinal waves on the stability of the side slope is neglected, and the latter can only generate ripple action through an eccentric wheel shaft and has certain in-and-out with the actual earthquake action. At present, researches on analyzing the influence of coupling action of earthquake and rainfall on the stability of a slope body are still few, and necessary experimental devices and methods are lacked.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide an experimental apparatus that landslide experiment was induced in simulation earthquake wave and rainfall coupling effect for research earthquake and rainfall coupling effect influence the stability of the side slope body, provide theoretical support for the research of slope safety protection technique after the shake.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to a test apparatus realized by the following technical solutions.
According to one aspect of the utility model, an experimental device for simulating coupling action of seismic waves and rainfall to induce landslide experiment comprises a test system, a vibration simulation system and a rainfall simulation system; the test system is used for stacking slope bodies and forming a mechanical environment, the vibration simulation system is used for simulating the action of seismic waves, and the rainfall simulation system is used for providing a water source and forming a rainfall action environment.
Specifically, the test system comprises a test box, an electric signal acquisition device and a controller; the testing box is rectangular, the top of the testing box is open, and the other sides of the testing box are closed and used for placing a slope body; the test box is along two opposite flanks of the direction of long limit for observing the side, and the test box is the drainage face along a side of minor face direction, it has the outlet to open on the drainage face for the ponding of discharge detention in the test box.
The test box comprises a transparent panel, a water collecting box, a guide pipe and a filter screen, wherein two opposite side faces of the test box along the direction of a long edge are observation side faces, the transparent panel is arranged on the observation side faces of the test box, a coordinate grid is carved on the transparent panel, sensor mounting holes are formed in the coordinate grid, and the transparent panel is used for observing the migration condition of rainwater in a side slope body and the damage condition of the side slope body in the test box and mounting a sensor; the water collecting tank is arranged on the water drainage surface and used for collecting the accumulated water drained from the test box and draining the accumulated water in the water collecting tank into an external container through the conduit; the filter screen is arranged on the drainage surface of the test box and used for preventing soil from entering the water collecting tank from the drainage surface and blocking the guide pipe.
Specifically, the high-speed camera is positioned on the observation side surface of the test box and used for recording the process of damage of a slope body in the test box; the electric signal acquisition device is connected with a sensor in the test system by a lead and is used for collecting electric signals sent by the sensor; the controller is electrically connected with the electric signal acquisition device, the high-speed camera, the vibration simulation system and the rainfall simulation system and is used for processing data acquired by the electric signal acquisition device and controlling the vibration simulation system and the rainfall simulation system.
Specifically, the vibration simulation system comprises a bottom plate, a track, a base, a pulley and a hydraulic cylinder; the bottom plate is rectangular and is positioned below the test box and used for fixing the hydraulic cylinder; the test box comprises a bottom plate, three pairs of rails, a pair of vertical rails and a pair of horizontal rails, wherein the three pairs of rails are vertically arranged at four corners of the bottom plate and used for guiding the test box to move up and down along the vertical direction; the base is arranged at one end of the horizontal rail and used for fixing the hydraulic cylinder; the pulley has six pairs, wherein four pairs of pulleys are arranged on two side surfaces of the test box along the short side direction, and the rest two pairs of pulleys are arranged below the bottom plate and are used for reducing the friction resistance of the test system during movement; the hydraulic cylinder is four in number, two of the hydraulic cylinders are installed on the bottom plate, push rods of the hydraulic cylinders are connected with the bottom of the test box and used for pushing the test box to move up and down along the vertical direction, the other two hydraulic cylinders are installed on the base, and the push rods of the hydraulic cylinders are connected with the short edge of the bottom plate and can push the bottom plate to move along the horizontal direction.
Specifically, the vibration simulation system is electrically connected with the controller, the controller can sequentially start the hydraulic cylinder on the bottom plate and the hydraulic cylinder on the base according to a certain time interval, and sequentially close the hydraulic cylinder on the bottom plate and the hydraulic cylinder on the base after the vibration time set in the controller is reached so as to simulate the influence of real seismic waves on the slope body; the hydraulic cylinder on the bottom plate or the hydraulic cylinder on the base can be independently started and closed so as to independently study the influence of longitudinal waves or transverse waves on the slope body.
Specifically, the rainfall simulation system comprises a water tank, a water pump, a water inlet pipeline, a pressurizing device, a control valve, a spraying pipeline, a spray head, a reinforcing bracket and a drain pipe; the water tank is positioned on one side of the horizontal rail and used for providing a water source required by a rainfall simulation test; the water pump is arranged below the water level of the water tank, connected with the tail end of the water inlet pipeline and used for pumping water in the water tank to the water inlet pipeline; the two ends of the water inlet pipeline are respectively connected with the water pump and the spraying pipeline and used for introducing water into the spraying pipeline; the control valve and the pressurizing device are arranged on the water pipeline and are used for controlling the water pressure and the flow; the spraying pipelines are erected above the test box, and are arranged in a plurality of numbers, and each pipeline is parallel to each other and is used for sending water into each spray head; the spray heads are arranged on the spray pipelines at certain intervals and used for spraying water on a slope body in the test system so as to simulate the influence of rainfall; the reinforcing support is erected below the spraying pipeline and used for supporting and reinforcing the spraying pipeline, and the drain pipe is located below the water tank and used for draining water in the water tank.
The utility model discloses a theory of operation does:
the side slope body with the embedded sensor is placed in a test box, a hydraulic cylinder on a bottom plate and a hydraulic cylinder on a base are sequentially started through a controller according to a certain time interval, the test box is driven to move up and down along a vertical rail by the hydraulic cylinder on the bottom plate so as to simulate the influence of earthquake longitudinal waves on the side slope, the test box and the bottom plate are pushed to move back and forth along a horizontal rail by the hydraulic cylinder on the base so as to simulate the influence of earthquake transverse waves on the side slope, and the hydraulic cylinder on the bottom plate and the hydraulic cylinder on the base are sequentially closed after the vibration time set in the controller is reached. The water pump is started through the controller, water is pumped into the water inlet pipeline from the water tank through the water pump, then enters the spraying pipeline through the water inlet pipeline, finally the spray head on the spraying pipeline is sprayed onto the slope body in the test system, and the water pressure and the flow are controlled through the control valve and the pressurizing device on the water inlet pipeline so as to simulate rainfall with different strengths. The influence of earthquake and rainfall coupling on the stability of the side slope body is researched by monitoring the change of pore water pressure and water content of the side slope body, the occurrence time of the side slope body landslide and the position of a glide plane.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
1. the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the side slope body in the test box can be vibrated through the vibration simulation device so as to simulate the influence of longitudinal waves and transverse waves of an earthquake on the side slope body, and the side slope body in the test box can be sprayed through the rainfall simulation device so as to simulate the natural rainfall phenomenon, so that the process of simulating the side slope body landslide under the dual factor action of the earthquake and rainfall is realized. The testing device and the testing method eliminate a plurality of complex interference factors of field test, so that the testing result has repeatability.
2. Vertical track and the pneumatic cylinder that sets up on the bottom plate can make the proof box along vertical direction reciprocating motion from top to bottom to the influence of simulation longitudinal wave has compensatied the not enough that experimental apparatus lacks the influence of simulation longitudinal wave in the past, makes the earthquake effect of simulating in the experiment more be close to real earthquake effect.
3. The transparent panel of the observation side through the proof box can directly observe the crack distribution situation of the side slope body, the migration process of rainwater at the side slope body, the destruction situation when the side slope body slides, coordinate grid lines are carved on the transparent panel and mounting holes for installing sensors for measurement are evenly distributed at intervals, the rainwater penetration depth and seepage flow path can be carefully observed in the soil layer under different periods of rainfall, the coordinate grid can be utilized to estimate the volume of the side slope body, and the real-time monitoring can be carried out on the soil body inside the side slope through embedding the sensors. The high-speed camera on one side of the test box can record the process of the slope body in the test box, and the damage rule of the slope body which slides under the earthquake-rainfall coupling effect is conveniently analyzed after the test is finished.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic left side view of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of a test chamber of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic left side view of a test chamber of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the steps of the testing method of the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a test box 1, a transparent panel 1-2, a sensor mounting hole 1-3, a water collecting tank 1-4, a guide pipe 1-5, a filter screen 1-6, an electric signal acquisition device 2, a controller 3, a high-speed camera 4, a bottom plate 5-1, a track 5-2, a base 5-3, a pulley 5-4, a hydraulic cylinder 5-5, a water tank 6-1, a water pump 6-2, a water inlet pipeline 6-3, a pressurizing device 6-4, a control valve 6-5, a spraying pipeline 6-6, a spray head 6-7, a reinforcing bracket 6-8 and a drain pipe 6-9.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the present invention: this embodiment is using the utility model discloses technical scheme carries out under the prerequisite, has given detailed implementation mode and specific operation process. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these are within the scope of the invention.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the embodiment provides an experimental device for simulating a landslide experiment induced by the coupling effect of seismic waves and rainfall, which comprises a test system, a vibration simulation system and a rainfall simulation system. The test system is used for stacking slope bodies and forming a mechanical environment, the vibration simulation system is used for simulating the action of seismic waves, and the rainfall simulation system is used for providing a water source and forming a rainfall action environment.
Specifically, the test system comprises a test box 1, an electric signal acquisition device 2 and a controller 3; the testing box 1 is rectangular, the top of the testing box 1 is open, and the other sides are closed and used for placing a slope body; two opposite side faces of the test box 1 in the direction of the long edge are observation side faces, one side face of the test box 1 in the direction of the short edge is a drainage face, and a drainage port is formed in the drainage face and used for draining accumulated water retained in the test box 1.
Specifically, the test box 1 comprises transparent panels 1-2, a water collecting box 1-4, a guide pipe 1-5 and a filter screen 1-6, wherein two opposite side faces of the test box 1 in the direction of a long edge are observation side faces, the transparent panels 1-2 are arranged on the observation side faces of the test box 1, coordinate grids are engraved on the transparent panels 1-2, sensor mounting holes 1-3 are formed in the coordinate grids and used for observing the migration condition of rainwater in a side slope body and the damage condition of the side slope body in the test box, and sensors are mounted; the water collecting tank 1-4 is arranged on the water drainage surface and used for collecting accumulated water drained from the test tank, and the accumulated water in the water collecting tank is drained into an external container through the conduit 1-5; the filter screens 1-6 are arranged on the drainage surface of the test box 1 and are used for preventing soil from entering the water collecting tanks 1-4 from the drainage surface and blocking the guide pipes 1-5.
Specifically, the high-speed camera 4 is positioned on the observation side surface of the test chamber 1 and used for recording the process of damage of a slope body in the test chamber; the electric signal acquisition device 2 is connected with a sensor in the test system by a lead and is used for collecting electric signals sent by the sensor; the controller 3 is electrically connected with the electric signal acquisition device 2, the high-speed camera 4, the vibration simulation system and the rainfall simulation system and is used for processing data acquired by the electric signal acquisition device 2 and controlling the vibration simulation system and the rainfall simulation system.
Specifically, the vibration simulation system comprises a bottom plate 5-1, a rail 5-2, a base 5-3, a pulley 5-4 and a hydraulic cylinder 5-5; the bottom plate 5-1 is rectangular, and the bottom plate 5-1 is positioned below the test box 1 and used for fixing the hydraulic cylinder 5-5; the rails 5-2 are three pairs, wherein two pairs of vertical rails 5-2 are vertically arranged at four corners of the bottom plate and used for guiding the test box 1 to move up and down along the vertical direction, and the rest pair of horizontal rails 5-2 are arranged below the bottom plate and used for guiding the test box 1 and the bottom plate 5-1 to move back and forth along the horizontal direction; the base 5-3 is arranged at one end of the horizontal rail and used for fixing the hydraulic cylinder 5-5; the pulleys 5-4 have six pairs, wherein four pairs of pulleys 5-4 are arranged on two side surfaces of the test box 1 along the short side direction, and the remaining two pairs of pulleys 5-4 are arranged below the bottom plate 5-1 and are used for reducing the friction resistance of the test system during movement; the test box comprises a base 5-3, four hydraulic cylinders 5-5, two of the hydraulic cylinders 5-5 are arranged on a bottom plate 5-1, push rods of the hydraulic cylinders 5-5 are connected with the bottom of the test box 1 and used for pushing the test box 1 to move up and down along the vertical direction, the other two hydraulic cylinders 5-5 are arranged on the base 5-3, and the push rods of the hydraulic cylinders 5-5 are connected with short edges of the bottom plate 5-1 and can push the bottom plate 5-1 to move along the horizontal direction.
Specifically, the vibration simulation system is electrically connected with the controller 3, the controller 3 can start the hydraulic cylinder 5-4 on the bottom plate 5-1 and the hydraulic cylinder 5-4 on the base 5-3 in sequence according to a certain time interval, and close the hydraulic cylinder 5-4 on the bottom plate 5-1 and the hydraulic cylinder 5-4 on the base 5-3 in sequence after the vibration time set in the controller 3 is reached, so as to simulate the influence of real earthquake waves on the slope body; the hydraulic cylinder 5-4 on the bottom plate 5-1 or the hydraulic cylinder 5-4 on the base 5-2 can be independently started and closed so as to independently study the influence of longitudinal waves or transverse waves on the slope body.
Specifically, the rainfall simulation system comprises a water tank 6-1, a water pump 6-2, a water inlet pipeline 6-3, a pressurizing device 6-4, a control valve 6-5, a spraying pipeline 6-6, a spray head 6-7, a reinforcing bracket 6-8 and a water outlet 6-9; the water tank 6-1 is positioned on one side of the horizontal rail 5-2 and used for providing a water source required by a rainfall simulation test; the water pump 6-2 is arranged below the water level of the water tank 6-1, is connected with the tail end of the water inlet pipeline 6-3 and is used for pumping water in the water tank 6-1 to the water inlet pipeline 6-3; the two ends of the water inlet pipeline 6-3 are respectively connected with the water pump 6-2 and the spraying pipeline 6-6 and are used for introducing water into the spraying pipeline 6-6; the pressurizing device 6-4 and the control valve 6-5 are arranged on the water pipeline 6-3 and are used for controlling the water pressure and the flow; the spraying pipelines 6-6 are erected above the test box 1, the spraying pipelines 6-6 are multiple in number, and each pipeline is parallel to each other and used for sending water into each spray head 6-7; the spray heads 6-7 are arranged on the spray pipelines 6-6 at certain intervals and are used for spraying water on a slope body in the test system so as to simulate the influence of rainfall; the reinforcing support 6-8 is erected below the spraying pipeline 6-6 and used for supporting the reinforcing spraying pipeline 6-6, and the water discharge pipe 6-9 is located below the water tank 6-1 and used for emptying water in the water tank 6-1.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the above test method for studying landslide induced by coupling effect of seismic waves and rainfall, comprising the following steps:
step one, preparing a soil sample for constructing a slope according to a test purpose, then laying the soil sample in a test box 1 in a layering manner, burying a pore water pressure sensor and a water content sensor in the soil sample while laying the soil sample, and finally compacting the soil sample;
secondly, connecting a lead of the sensor to an external electric signal acquisition and processing device 2, starting the electric signal acquisition and processing device 2 and a high-speed camera 4, and recording the initial pore water pressure and the water content of each soil layer;
step three, sequentially starting a hydraulic cylinder 5-4 on the bottom plate 5-1 and a hydraulic cylinder 5-4 on the base 5-5 by the controller 3 according to a certain time interval, driving the test box 1 to move up and down along a track 5-2 in the vertical direction by the hydraulic cylinder 5-5 on the bottom plate 5-1, so as to simulate the influence of the longitudinal wave of the earthquake on the side slope, the hydraulic cylinder 5-5 on the base 5-3 pushes the test box 1 and the bottom plate 5-1 to move back and forth along the horizontal track 5-2 so as to simulate the influence of the transverse wave of the earthquake on the side slope, after the vibration time set in the controller 3 is reached, the hydraulic cylinders 5-5 on the bottom plate 5-1 and the hydraulic cylinders 5-5 on the base 5-3 are closed in sequence, after finishing the vibration, the test box 1 returns to the initial position, and whether the slope body has obvious cracks or slides is observed through the transparent panels 1-2 at the two sides of the test box 1;
step four, injecting water into a water tank 6-1, after the water tank 6-1 is filled with water, starting a rainfall simulation device through a controller 3, controlling the rainfall intensity through a pressurizing device 6-4 and a control valve 6-5, collecting the change of pore water pressure and water content according to a certain time, recording the depth and the path of rainwater entering a seepage slope body according to a certain time by means of transparent panels 1-2 at two sides of a test box 1, observing the damage condition of the slope body during rainfall, recording the occurrence time of a landslide and the position of a slip plane when the landslide phenomenon occurs on a side slope, and then closing the rainfall simulation device;
step five, recording the soil pressure, the pore water pressure and the water content of each damaged soil layer after the earthquake action and the rainfall action are simulated;
and step six, analyzing the influence of different rainfall and different vibration action conditions on the soil pressure, the pore water pressure and the water content of the side slope soil body in a contrasting manner, and analyzing the influence of a single earthquake action, a single rainfall action and an earthquake-rainfall coupling action on the stability of the side slope body.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments of the invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112213469A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-01-12 | 华南农业大学 | Experimental device and method for simulating coupling effect of seismic waves and rainfall to induce landslide |
| CN114754957A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-15 | 天津大学 | Testing device for inducing submarine slope collapse instability through hydrate decomposition under simulated earthquake action |
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2020
- 2020-11-04 CN CN202022537313.4U patent/CN215297368U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112213469A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-01-12 | 华南农业大学 | Experimental device and method for simulating coupling effect of seismic waves and rainfall to induce landslide |
| CN114754957A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-15 | 天津大学 | Testing device for inducing submarine slope collapse instability through hydrate decomposition under simulated earthquake action |
| CN114754957B (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-09-12 | 天津大学 | A test device to simulate the collapse and instability of submarine slopes induced by hydrate decomposition under earthquakes |
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