CN215259772U - Novel superheater and garbage incinerator applying composite crystalline film - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an use novel over heater and waste incinerator of compound crystallization membrane. The superheater comprises a plurality of rows of U-shaped superheater tubes, wherein the upper parts among the plurality of superheater tubes on the left side are sealed by welding metal sheets, and the lower parts of the superheater tubes on the left side are provided with vent holes for smoke to pass through; the lower parts among the plurality of superheater tubes on the right side are sealed by welding metal sheets, and the upper parts are provided with vent holes for smoke to pass through; an ash bucket is arranged at the lower part of the multiple U-shaped superheater tubes, so that ash particles condensed in the flue gas can be conveniently discharged; the multi-row U-shaped superheat tubes are coated with composite crystalline films. A novel superheater is arranged in a horizontal flue of the garbage incinerator. The novel superheater has the capability of stable heat exchange. Meanwhile, the composite crystalline film is used for protection in the novel heat exchanger, so that the reduction of heat exchange capability and hot spots caused by contamination and slagging are avoided; corrosion to the superheater and reduction of flue gas flow velocity. Has the advantages of improving the stability and the safety of the operation of the garbage incinerator.

Description

Novel superheater and garbage incinerator applying composite crystalline film

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an environmental protection field, concretely relates to use novel over heater and waste incinerator of compound crystallization membrane.

Background

At present, the treatment of municipal waste is urgent while the degree of modernization and urbanization of our country is increasingly deepened. Waste incineration has been widely regarded as a more efficient, clean, and environmentally friendly waste treatment method. However, in the application process of the garbage incinerator, the problems of corrosion of a heating surface, dust deposition, coking and the like are faced, so that the garbage incinerator needs frequent unplanned shutdown, replacement of a water-cooled wall, an evaporator, a superheater and the like. This has a great influence on the economic efficiency and safety of the garbage incinerator and the garbage disposal amount.

Meanwhile, in the design process of the traditional garbage incinerator, in order to guarantee the service life of the superheater, the design is usually carried out according to the condition that the temperature of inlet flue gas is controlled to be less than 600 ℃. In actual operation, due to the change of combustion parameters, the instability of garbage quality, the change of operation conditions and the lower outlet design temperature, the temperature of the flue gas passing through the water-cooled wall and the evaporator and reaching the superheater is probably slightly lower than the design temperature, the sufficient heat exchange temperature cannot be reached, and the effect of perfectly doing work and outputting power is realized.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a novel superheater and a garbage incinerator using a composite crystallization film, wherein the novel superheater has the capability of stable heat exchange. Meanwhile, the composite crystalline film is used for protection in the novel heat exchanger, so that the reduction of heat exchange capability and hot spots caused by contamination and slagging are avoided; corrosion to the superheater and reduction of flue gas flow velocity. Has the advantages of improving the stability and the safety of the operation of the garbage incinerator.

According to the first aspect of the utility model, a novel superheater applying composite crystallization film is provided, which consists of a plurality of rows of U-shaped superheater tubes, wherein the upper parts among the plurality of superheater tubes on the left side are sealed by metal sheets in a welding way, and the lower parts are provided with air vents for smoke to pass through; the lower parts among the plurality of superheater tubes on the right side are sealed by welding metal sheets, and the upper parts are provided with vent holes for smoke to pass through; an ash bucket is arranged at the lower part of the multiple U-shaped superheater tubes, so that ash particles condensed in the flue gas can be conveniently discharged; the multi-row U-shaped superheat tubes are coated with composite crystalline films.

By adopting the technical scheme, different from the traditional superheater, the upper part of the first row of superheater tubes of the novel superheater is sealed by a metal sheet in a welding way, so that the flue gas can only pass through the lower part of the first row of superheater tubes and flow backwards after encountering obstacles; furthermore, the lower part of the second row of the superheater is sealed by a metal sheet in a welding way, so that the blocked flue gas flows backwards after passing through the rear part of the first row of the superheater tubes again after encountering a blockage. The thickness of the metal sheet may be 2 to 5 mm.

According to the utility model discloses a second aspect provides a waste incinerator, including grate, vertical flue, horizontal flue and steam pocket, vertical flue sets up in the grate top, and horizontal flue sets up after vertical flue, has arranged in the horizontal flue the utility model discloses the first aspect novel over heater.

Under the specific condition, a high-temperature evaporator, a high-temperature superheater, a medium-temperature superheater, a low-temperature superheater, a medium-temperature evaporator, a low-temperature evaporator and an air preheater are sequentially arranged in the horizontal flue from left to right.

Preferably, the high-temperature superheater, the medium-temperature superheater and the low-temperature superheater have the same structure and are connected in series, and a steam inlet of the low-temperature superheater is connected with the steam drum.

Under the specific condition, the vertical flue consists of three adjacent flues, the three adjacent flues adopt an upper communication mode and a lower communication mode in sequence, each flue is provided with a water-cooled wall, and the water-cooled wall is communicated with the steam pocket.

Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme, the flue gas that produces behind the msw incineration gets into horizontal flue through three vertical passageway, behind the evaporimeter in horizontal flue, with flue gas heat transfer to high temperature over heater, novel high temperature over heater's structural change has increased the contact time with the flue gas, makes high temperature over heater can change out more stable heat, has avoided because of the msw incineration in-process, and the heat transfer volume that the heat source is unstable to cause reduces. Meanwhile, the novel superheater adopts the composite crystalline membrane, so that the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchange tube can be effectively prevented from being reduced due to dust deposition and scaling.

By adopting the technical scheme, the U-shaped superheater pipe assembled on the high-temperature superheater can be replaced with enough heat for use. However, the medium-temperature superheater and the low-temperature superheater can be modified into the same structure according to actual requirements, so that more heat can be exchanged.

By adopting the technical scheme, stable steam with higher energy is generated by absorbing more heat, and semicircular pipeline trends are adopted at the connection part of the two rows of superheater tubes of the novel superheater, so that the accident of local overtemperature tube explosion caused by steam detention is avoided, and the stable operation of the superheater and the boiler is guaranteed.

Furthermore, high-temperature steam is generated through heat exchange between the water-cooled wall and the evaporator, and then enters the low-temperature superheater, the medium-temperature superheater and the high-temperature superheater in sequence after being subjected to steam-water separation through the steam pocket.

Further, the superheater surfaces are all coated with a composite crystalline film. The composite crystalline film is an inert substance, does not react with corrosive gas components in high-temperature flue gas of the garbage incinerator, is compact in film surface, low in porosity and impermeable in gas molecules, is beneficial to avoiding intergranular corrosion, solves the problem of the most troublesome chlorine corrosion in the garbage incinerator, and effectively protects a furnace tube; meanwhile, as the composite crystalline film has the characteristic of low surface energy, molten and semi-molten particles in the flue gas can not be attached to the surface of the composite crystalline film, thus greatly avoiding the problems of contamination and coking. The characteristics improve the stability and the safety of the waste incineration grate furnace, reduce the unplanned shutdown and improve the incineration amount of the waste.

To sum up, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:

1. stable steam output can be provided to do work through the heat absorption of the novel superheater;

2. the novel superheater connecting pipe is semicircular, so that steam in the pipe can flow conveniently, and local overtemperature explosion caused by uneven surface temperature due to steam stored in the superheater pipe is reduced;

3. the composite crystalline film is coated on the novel superheater, so that the problems of slag bonding and chlorine corrosion of the waste incinerator can be effectively solved, the furnace tube is effectively protected, and the operation stability and safety of the waste incinerator are improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a novel superheater according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the flow of flue gas and steam in the novel superheater (solid arrows indicate steam flow direction, and open arrows indicate flue gas flow direction).

FIG. 3 is a front view of the whole garbage incinerator according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the following described embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the same in any way.

Referring to fig. 1, according to the utility model discloses a novel superheater is whole to be U type structure, including a plurality of left side superheater tubes 10 and a plurality of right side superheater tubes 11 corresponding, communicate by semi-circular connecting pipe 13 between every left side superheater tube 10 and the corresponding right side superheater tube 11 bottom. The upper part among a plurality of left side superheater tubes 10 is sealed by welding with a left side thin iron plate 12, and the lower part is provided with a vent hole 14 so that the flue gas can smoothly pass through. Correspondingly, the lower parts among the plurality of right side superheater tubes 11 are welded and sealed by a right side thin iron plate 16, and the upper parts are provided with vent holes 17 for smoke to pass through. Correspondingly, an ash hopper 15 is arranged at the lower part of the superheater, so that ash particles condensed in the flue gas can be conveniently discharged.

Referring to fig. 2, specifically, the flue gas enters the superheater through the vent hole 14 and then upwards exchanges heat with the left superheater tube 10, and the flue gas leaves the superheater through the vent hole 17 after sufficient heat exchange is performed on the right superheater tube 11. Steam enters the superheater for heat exchange from the right superheater tube 11, downwards enters the left superheater tube 10 through the connecting pipe 13, and is discharged out of the superheater after sufficient heat exchange with flue gas, so that stable superheated steam is provided for a user.

Specifically, the outer walls of the left superheater tube 10, the right superheater tube 11, the left thin iron plate 12, the right thin iron plate 16 and the semicircular connecting tube 13 are all coated with SEC-X type composite crystalline films produced by beijing hickory energy-saving and environment-friendly science and technology limited. The composite crystal film is made of special chemical inert ceramics, is formed after spraying and sintering, has the performances of corrosion resistance, dust deposition and scaling prevention, has higher emissivity and can improve the heat exchange efficiency.

Referring to fig. 3, the garbage incinerator according to the present invention comprises a fire grate 1, a steam drum 5, three vertical flues 2, a horizontal flue 3 and a tail gas treatment device. The three vertical flues 2 are adjacently arranged above the fire grate 1, the upper part communication and the lower part communication are sequentially adopted, each flue is provided with a water-cooled wall, and the water-cooled wall is communicated with the steam pocket 5. The horizontal flue 3 is arranged behind the vertical flue 2, and a high-temperature evaporator 4, a high-temperature superheater 9, a medium-temperature superheater 8, a low-temperature superheater 7, a medium-temperature evaporator, a low-temperature evaporator and an air preheater are arranged in the horizontal flue 3.

The garbage fuel is combusted on the fire grate 1, the generated flue gas enters the three vertical flues 2, and the flue gas enters the horizontal flue 3 after absorbing heat and reducing temperature through the water-cooled wall of the vertical flue. In the horizontal flue 3, the flue gas enters a high-temperature evaporator 4, a high-temperature superheater 9, a medium-temperature superheater 8 and a low-temperature superheater 7 from left to right in sequence, then exchanges heat through other subsequent devices (the medium-temperature evaporator, the low-temperature evaporator and an air preheater) and is finally discharged.

Specifically, the steam pocket 5 collects water vapor generated by the water wall and the evaporator, after steam-water separation, high-temperature steam is guided into the superheater through the connecting pipe 6 and sequentially passes through the low-temperature superheater 7, the medium-temperature superheater 8 and the high-temperature superheater 9, and finally the high-temperature steam is guided out to provide power for a user.

The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A novel superheater applying a composite crystalline film is characterized in that the superheater comprises a plurality of rows of U-shaped superheater tubes, the upper parts among a plurality of superheater tubes on the left side are sealed by metal sheets in a welding mode, and vent holes are reserved on the lower parts of the superheater tubes to allow smoke to pass through; the lower parts among the plurality of superheater tubes on the right side are sealed by welding metal sheets, and the upper parts are provided with vent holes for smoke to pass through; an ash bucket is arranged at the lower part of the multiple U-shaped superheater tubes, so that ash particles condensed in the flue gas can be conveniently discharged; the multi-row U-shaped superheat tubes are coated with composite crystalline films.

2. A garbage incinerator comprises a fire grate, a vertical flue, a horizontal flue and a steam pocket, wherein the vertical flue is arranged above the fire grate, the horizontal flue is arranged behind the vertical flue, and the novel superheater is arranged in the horizontal flue according to claim 1.

3. The garbage incinerator according to claim 2, wherein a high temperature evaporator, a high temperature superheater, a medium temperature superheater, a low temperature superheater, a medium temperature evaporator, a low temperature evaporator and an air preheater are arranged in the horizontal flue in this order from left to right.

4. The garbage incinerator according to claim 3, wherein the high temperature superheater, the medium temperature superheater and the low temperature superheater are identical in structure and are connected in series with each other, and a steam inlet of the low temperature superheater is connected to the steam drum.

5. A waste incinerator according to claim 2 wherein the vertical flue comprises three adjacent flues in series upper and lower communication, each flue being provided with a water cooled wall in communication with the drum.

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