CN215210835U - Cold environment concrete dam upstream surface water level fluctuation area heat preservation anti-ice extrusion structure - Google Patents
Cold environment concrete dam upstream surface water level fluctuation area heat preservation anti-ice extrusion structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN215210835U CN215210835U CN202023010833.6U CN202023010833U CN215210835U CN 215210835 U CN215210835 U CN 215210835U CN 202023010833 U CN202023010833 U CN 202023010833U CN 215210835 U CN215210835 U CN 215210835U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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Abstract
The cold environment concrete dam upstream water level fluctuation area heat preservation anti-ice extrusion structure is arranged in the water level fluctuation area range of the upstream water of the built concrete dam and is characterized in that concrete supporting keels are fixed on dam body concrete, heat preservation materials are filled among the concrete supporting keels, a rigid panel is arranged outside the heat preservation materials, and an anti-ice coating is coated outside the rigid panel. The utility model can effectively resist the expansion force of ice and the extrusion force caused by the unbalance of the ice cover when the water level changes, and can effectively prevent the deformation of the heat-insulating material; under the same bearing force, the steel plate has the advantage of smaller thickness than a mortar or concrete plate; mortar boards or concrete boards have the advantage of not rusting compared with steel plates; the ice-resistant coating can resist ice pulling force and ice shearing force generated by water level change on an interface; the bracket may partially bear the entire weight of the ice-resistant structure of the upper portion.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a to build under the cold environment concrete dam upstream face water level fluctuation district within range concrete heat preservation and antistatic ice pressure (the expansibility of ice) and water level fluctuation cause the structure of the extrusion destruction of ice belongs to hydraulic structure heat preservation technical field.
Background
In cold environment, the concrete dam takes permanent heat preservation measures, and the heat preservation material in the water level change area on the upstream surface is damaged under the action of the expansion force (static ice pressure and ice extrusion force) of ice and the adhesive force (shearing force and drawing force) of ice. Typically, a rigid polyurethane foam insulation material of 10cm thickness is damaged to expose the concrete base surface during 6-10 years of operation time, thereby defeating the purpose of protecting the concrete from freeze-thaw damage.
The static ice pressure acting on the dam surface or other wide and long buildings in the horizontal direction during the expansion of the ice layer in the water conservancy industry specification SL 744-2016 hydraulic structure load design specification can be determined according to the table 1, and the important engineering needs to be specially researched or determined through tests and observation. In addition, the water level under ice may change during power generation of the reservoir, and the change of the position of the ice cover may cause the heat insulation material on the upstream surface to be damaged by extrusion due to unbalance of the ice cover.
TABLE 1 static Ice pressureF d
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to invent a composite structure which can provide the heat preservation function of a dam and can not be damaged under the squeezing action of static ice pressure and ice cover unbalance. The method is suitable for permanent heat preservation and ice resistance protection of the upstream water level change area of the built concrete dam in a cold environment.
The technical scheme for completing the task of the invention is that a heat-preservation ice-extrusion-resistance structure of a water level fluctuation area of a water head surface of a concrete dam in a cold environment is arranged in the range of the water level fluctuation area of the water head surface of the built concrete dam, and is characterized in that concrete supporting keels are fixed on dam body concrete, heat-preservation materials are filled between the concrete supporting keels, rigid panels are arranged outside the heat-preservation materials, and ice-resistance coatings are coated outside the rigid panels.
The design above has the following optimization schemes:
a bracket is arranged below the concrete supporting keel, the heat insulation material and the rigid panel, and the bracket is fixed on the upstream face of the concrete dam by using bolts; a rigid backing strip is disposed between the bracket and the rigid panel.
When the rigid panel is made of mortar boards or concrete boards, metal plates need to be embedded between the rigid panel and the ice-resistant coating.
The working principle is as follows: the heat insulating material ensures that the temperature of the surface of the concrete is above zero in a cold environment, the combination of the concrete supporting keel and the rigid panel can effectively overcome the expansion force of ice and the extrusion force of ice when the water level changes, the heat insulating material is protected, and the ice-resistant coating resists the damage of ice shearing force and drawing force to the rigid panel.
More specifically and more optimally, the requirements of each part in the present invention are:
1) the thermal insulation material can be polystyrene foam board, polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam and polyvinyl chloride foam. Polystyrene foam boards or/and polyurethane foams (spray or sheet) are preferred.
2) The concrete support keel 2 is cuboid plain concrete, the compressive strength is not lower than C35, the mixing proportion is designed according to the compressive strength, the cement is ordinary silicate 42.5 cement, the sand is medium sand, the maximum particle size of stones is not more than 2.5cm, a proper amount of air entraining agent is added, and the water is local drinking water or water meeting the requirements. The concrete support runner 2 must be maintained for 28 d. The freeze-thaw resistance cycle of the concrete support keel 2 should not be less than 50 times.
3) In fig. 2, when the concrete support keel 2 is prefabricated, the size of a single vertical support is 10cm x D100 cm, D is the thickness of the heat insulation layer, 10cm is the width, and 100cm is the length. The individual lateral supports have a dimension of 10cm D L, L being the length and a dimension of not more than 90cm, preferably 85 cm.
4) In fig. 2 and 3, when the concrete support keel 2 is formed, a bolt 7 hole for fixing the rigid panel is reserved, and the diameter of the hole is larger than that of the bolt and smaller than that of the nut. And the reserved depth is not less than the thickness of the nut and not less than the diameter of a tool for fixing the nut when the reserved hole is used as the center and is polished or molded through a drill. The surface of the nut for fixing the concrete support keel 2 is not higher than the surface of the concrete. The diameter of the fixed rigid panel bolt 7 is not less than 18mm, the fixed rigid panel bolt can be a steel expansion screw, a stainless steel expansion screw or a chemical bolt, the steel expansion screw or the stainless steel expansion screw is preferably selected when the temperature of the construction environment is lower than 15 ℃, otherwise, the chemical bolt is preferably selected, and the length of the bolt penetrating into the dam concrete is 5cm-12cm, preferably 8-10cm.
5) The arrangement of the concrete support grid 2 of figure 2 is implemented as a square with a centre line of the element in the range 100cm by 100 cm.
6) The rigid panel 4 has dimensions of 100cm x 100cm, and the thickness d is calculated according to the thickness of the ice layer over the years on site. The material can be steel sheet, aluminum plate, corrosion resistant plate, mortar board, concrete slab, steel mortar composite board, steel concrete composite board, preferred steel sheet, mortar board, steel mortar composite board, the optimal selection mortar board.
7) The rigid panel (mortar) 4 is a hydrophobic freeze resistant panel. And embedding an iron block 6 on one surface of the mortar according to the position shown in the figure 3, wherein the size of the iron block is not less than 5cm x 5cm, the thickness of the iron block is not less than 0.3cm, and the outer surface of the iron block is flush with the surface of the mortar. As shown in fig. 3, a steel wire mesh 11 is laid, the diameter of the steel wire mesh being not less than 1/20 of the thickness of the panel.
8) The rigid panel (mortar) 4 requires that the breaking strength of the mortar is more than 15.0MPa, and the mortar does not crack after being frozen in water at the temperature of minus 30.0 ℃ and melted in water at the temperature of 30 ℃ for more than 20 times. Mortar board preparation must be maintained for 28 days.
9) Rigid panels (steel mortar composite) 4, steel on the lower layer and mortar on the upper layer, the thickness of steel and mortar being determined by calculation. The mortar forming and requirements are the same as those of the rigid panel (mortar) 4, and the steel plate can be used as a bottom formwork.
10) When the thickness of the rigid panel 4 is more than 8cm, a steel concrete composite panel can be selected, the thickness of steel and concrete is determined by calculation, the concrete is hydrophobic anti-freezing concrete, the breaking strength is required to be more than 15.0MPa, and the freeze-thaw resistance cycle is not less than 20 times. The molding requirements are the same as those of the rigid panel (mortar) 4. The steel plate may serve as a bottom form.
11) The anti-ice coating 5 may be colorless or gray, preferably a gray paint. The surface water contact angle of the anti-icing coating 5 is more than 90 ℃, and the anti-icing coating does not crack after being frozen in water at the temperature of minus 30 ℃ and melted and circulated for more than 20 times at the temperature of 30 ℃. The bonding strength between the ice-resistant coating 5 and the rigid panel (mortar) 4 is more than 1.5MPa, and the bonding strength between the ice-resistant coating 5 and the rigid panel (metal) 4 is not less than 3.5 MPa. The anti-ice coating 5 may also be a coating of the prior art.
12) The bracket 8 can be channel steel, a metal tripod, I-shaped steel and poured reinforced concrete, the specific size is determined according to the engineering condition, and the interval arrangement distance is determined according to the bearing force.
13) The diameter of the fixed bracket bolt 9 is not less than 10mm, and the fixed bracket bolt can be a steel or stainless steel expansion screw or a chemical bolt, the steel or stainless steel expansion screw is preferably selected when the temperature of the construction environment is lower than 15 ℃, otherwise, the chemical bolt is preferably selected, and the length of the bolt penetrating into the dam concrete is 3cm-10cm, and is preferably 5-7 cm.
14) The bolt 7 for fixing the rigid panel is welded and fixed with the embedded parts of the rigid panel (mortar) 4, the rigid panel (steel mortar composite) 4 and the rigid panel (steel concrete composite) 4, after the bolts are firmly welded, the bolts protruding out of the mortar surface or the concrete surface are cut off, and the bolts are polished to be smooth.
15) The bolt 7 for fixing the rigid panel is fixed with the rigid panel (steel plate) 4 through welding, welding can be added between plate seams to connect the two steel plates, after the welding is firm, the bolt protruding out of the steel plate surface is cut off, and the polishing is smooth.
16) The rigid filler strip 10 is only used between the bottommost bracket 8 and the rigid panel (mortar or concrete) 4, the size is determined on site, and the material can be concrete or mortar strips, or welding angle steel, square steel, channel steel, I-shaped steel and the like.
17) After welding and fixing, the plate joint is sealed by a quick-drying weather-resistant anti-freezing elastic caulking paste material which can be elastic silicone grease sealant, polyurethane sealant and butyl rubber sealant. Preferably an elastomeric silicone grease sealant.
18) And after the surface of the rigid panel 4 is polished and cleaned to meet the requirements, an anti-ice coating 5 is coated.
B) The construction method comprises the following steps:
installation procedure example:
the method comprises the steps of the first process example), manufacturing of a rigid panel 4 (mortar), cleaning of a concrete surface, installation of a rigid support keel 2, installation of a bracket 8, installation of a heat insulation material 3 (a foam plate), installation of the rigid panel 4, installation of a rigid filler strip 10, sealing of a plate gap, and coating of an anti-icing coating 5.
Second process example) manufacturing of a rigid panel 4 (mortar), cleaning of concrete surface, installation of a rigid support keel 2, installation of a bracket 8, installation of a thermal insulation material 3 (spraying of a foam material), installation of the rigid panel 4, installation of a rigid filler strip 10, sealing of plate gaps, and coating of an anti-icing coating 5.
Third process example) manufacturing a rigid panel 4 (steel plate), cleaning the surface of concrete, installing a rigid support keel 2, installing a bracket 8, installing a heat insulation material 3 (foam plate), installing the rigid panel 4, sealing a plate gap, and coating an anti-ice coating 5.
Fourth process example) manufacturing of a rigid panel 4 (steel mortar composite), concrete surface cleaning, installation of a rigid support keel 2, installation of a bracket 8, installation of a thermal insulation material 3 (foam plate), installation of the rigid panel 4, installation of a rigid filler strip 10, plate seam sealing and coating of an anti-ice coating 5.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1) the concrete supporting keel and the rigid panel can effectively resist the expansion force of ice and the extrusion force caused by unbalance of an ice cover in a water level fluctuation area, and can effectively prevent the deformation of the heat-insulating material;
2) under the same bearing force, the steel plate has the advantage of smaller thickness than a mortar or concrete plate;
3) mortar boards or concrete boards have the advantage of not rusting compared with steel plates;
4) the ice-resistant coating can resist ice pulling force and ice shearing force generated by water level change on an interface;
5) the bracket may partially bear the entire weight of the ice-resistant structure of the upper portion.
6) The chemical bolt has little damage to dam concrete and has heat insulation effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heat-insulating and ice-resistant structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a mortar support keel layout;
FIGS. 3-1 and 3-2 are schematic diagrams of prefabrication of rigid panels (mortar), respectively;
figure 4 is a schematic view of the rigid panel (mortar or concrete and its composite with steel) and mortar support keel layout.
Detailed Description
Embodiment 1, the structure that the heat preservation and anti ice pressure (the expansibility of ice) and the water level variation of concrete cause the extrusion of ice to destroy in cold environment upstream face water level fluctuation district scope of built concrete dam, set up in the water level fluctuation district scope of built concrete dam upstream face, refer to the drawing: concrete support keel 2 is fixed on dam body concrete 1, and it has thermal insulation material 3 to fill between this concrete support keel, is equipped with rigid panel 4 outside this thermal insulation material, and this rigid panel 4 outside scribbles anti-ice coating 5. A bracket 8 is arranged below the concrete supporting keel 2, the heat insulation material 3 and the rigid panel 4, and is fixed on the upstream surface of the concrete dam 1 by a bolt 9; between the bracket 8 and the rigid panel 4 there is a rigid filler strip 10. When the rigid panel 4 is made of a mortar board, it is necessary to pre-embed the metal plate 6 between the rigid panel 4 and the ice-resistant coating 5. The mortar board is provided with a steel wire mesh 11, and d in the figure is the board thickness of the rigid panel (mortar or concrete and steel composite).
Examples 2-6, which are essentially identical to example 1, but differ in the materials of the parts, are listed in the table.
Examples are shown in the table
| Examples | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Thermal insulation material | Polystyrene foam board | Polyethylene foam board | Spray polyurethane foam | Polyvinyl chloride foam board | Spray polyurethane foam | Polyurethane plate |
| Rigid panel | Steel plate | Mortar board | Steel mortar composite board | Steel concrete composite board | Concrete slab | Stainless steel plate |
| Bolt | Steel expansion bolt | Chemical bolt | Chemical bolt | Steel expansion bolt | Chemical bolt | Stainless steel expansion bolt |
| Bracket | Concrete and its production method | Metal tripod | Channel steel | I-steel | Metal tripod | Channel steel |
| Caulking material | Silicone grease | Polyurethane | Butyl rubber | Butyl rubber | Silicone grease | Polyurethane |
| Rigid filler strip | Square Steel | Channel steel | Angle steel | Mortar |
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a cold environment concrete dam upstream surface water level fluctuation district keeps warm anti ice extrusion structure, sets up in the water level fluctuation district scope of the built concrete dam upstream surface, its characterized in that, concrete support fossil fragments are fixed on dam body concrete, are filled with insulation material between this concrete support fossil fragments, are equipped with the rigidity panel outside this insulation material, and this rigidity panel outside scribbles anti ice coating.
2. The cold environment concrete dam upstream water level fluctuation area heat preservation ice-resistant extrusion structure of claim 1, wherein a bracket is arranged below the concrete support keel, the heat preservation material and the rigid panel, and the bracket is fixed on the upstream water of the concrete dam by bolts; a rigid backing strip is disposed between the bracket and the rigid panel.
3. The concrete dam water level fluctuation area heat preservation anti-ice extrusion structure of claim 1, wherein when the rigid panel is made of mortar or concrete plate, a metal plate needs to be embedded between the rigid panel and the anti-ice coating.
4. The cold environment concrete dam upstream water level fluctuation area heat preservation ice-resistant extrusion structure of claim 1, wherein the heat preservation material is polystyrene foam board, polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam or polyvinyl chloride foam.
5. The cold environment concrete dam upstream water level fluctuation area heat preservation ice-resistant extrusion structure of claim 1, wherein the rigid panel size is 100cm x 100cm, and the thickness d is obtained by calculation according to the on-site ice layer thickness in the past year; the material is steel plate, aluminum plate, stainless steel plate, mortar board, concrete slab, steel mortar composite board or steel concrete composite board.
6. The cold environment concrete dam upstream water level fluctuation area heat preservation ice-resistant extrusion structure of claim 5, wherein the rigid panel is made of mortar board; embedding an iron block on one surface of the mortar, wherein the size of the iron block is not less than 5cm x 5cm, the thickness of the iron block is not less than 0.3cm, and the outer surface of the iron block is flush with the surface of the mortar; a steel wire mesh is laid in the rigid panel, and the diameter of the steel wire mesh is not less than 1/20 of the thickness of the panel; the rigid surface requires that the flexural strength of the mortar is more than 15.0MPa, and the mortar does not crack after being frozen in water at the temperature of minus 30.0 ℃ and melted in water at the temperature of 30 ℃ for more than 20 times; mortar board preparation must be maintained for 28 days.
7. The cold environment concrete dam upstream water level fluctuation area heat preservation ice-resistant extrusion structure of one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said ice-resistant coating is a gray paint; the surface water contact angle of the anti-icing coating is more than 90 ℃, and the anti-icing coating does not crack after being frozen in water at the temperature of minus 30 ℃ and melted and circulated for more than 20 times at the temperature of 30 ℃; the bonding strength of the ice-resistant coating and the rigid panel of the mortar board is more than 1.5 Mpa; or the bonding strength of the ice-resistant coating and the metal rigid panel is not lower than 3.5 MPa.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023010833.6U CN215210835U (en) | 2020-12-14 | 2020-12-14 | Cold environment concrete dam upstream surface water level fluctuation area heat preservation anti-ice extrusion structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023010833.6U CN215210835U (en) | 2020-12-14 | 2020-12-14 | Cold environment concrete dam upstream surface water level fluctuation area heat preservation anti-ice extrusion structure |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN215210835U true CN215210835U (en) | 2021-12-17 |
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| CN202023010833.6U Active CN215210835U (en) | 2020-12-14 | 2020-12-14 | Cold environment concrete dam upstream surface water level fluctuation area heat preservation anti-ice extrusion structure |
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