CN215209270U - Biomass pressurized fluidized bed gasification and cyclone cracking composite gasification system - Google Patents

Abstract

A composite gasification system of biomass pressurized fluidized bed gasification and cyclone cracking relates to the technical field of biomass gasification, and comprises a gasification furnace, a high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace, heat recovery equipment, a cyclone separator, a high-temperature filter, a material sealing valve, a steam drum and an ash bucket; the gasification furnace comprises a slag discharging ring pipe, a gasification agent spray pipe, a gasification furnace air chamber, a distribution plate, a fly ash return port II, a gasification furnace dense-phase section, a biomass feed inlet, a fly ash return port I, a secondary gasification agent spray pipe and a gasification furnace dilute-phase section from bottom to top respectively, wherein the slag discharging ring pipe is used for discharging ash residues in a bed layer of the gasification furnace dense-phase section out of the gasification furnace, and the gasification agent spray pipe is used for spraying a gasification agent into the bed layer of the gasification furnace dense-phase section; the solid discharge hole of high temperature cyclone cracking furnace communicates with the solid feed inlet of material seal valve, and this kind of gasification of biomass pressurized fluidized bed and cyclone cracking's compound gasification system can shorten gasification reaction time, and gasifier gasification intensity obtains promoting by a wide margin, generates more combustible component.

Description

Biomass pressurized fluidized bed gasification and cyclone cracking composite gasification system

The technical field is as follows:

the utility model relates to a biomass gasification technical field especially relates to a compound gasification system of living beings pressurized fluidized bed gasification and whirlwind schizolysis.

Background art:

because the energy structure of China mainly takes fossil energy such as coal, oil and the like as main energy, the storage capacity of fossil fuel (coal, oil, natural gas) is limited, and the environmental problem generated in the utilization process is increasingly severe, the development of clean renewable energy is urgently needed, and biomass energy which is one of the renewable energy is clean energy which can be stored and transported, and the biomass energy has the advantages of wide resource distribution and large storage capacity, so the development potential is huge.

The biomass gasification technology is a thermochemical treatment technology, and the basic principle is that solid biomass is put into a gasification furnace for incomplete combustion, and gasification agents such as oxygen or water vapor are added in the conversion process to cause the solid biomass to have partial oxidation reaction, and then the solid biomass is combusted and gasified. Because the solid biomass raw material has special physical properties, the solid biomass raw material needs to be pretreated by crushing, adding a medium and the like before entering a gasification furnace for gasification. The pretreated raw materials are combusted in a gasification furnace, the generated heat is used for maintaining pyrolysis and reduction reaction, combustible mixed gas is finally obtained, and the gas is filtered to remove tar and impurities, so that the combustible mixed gas can be used for combustion, power generation, gas production or further synthesis of chemical products.

The patent application with the application number of 201110094281.8 and the publication number of CN102206514A relates to a two-section biomass cyclone pyrolysis gasifier. The gasification furnace consists of an upper cyclone high-temperature thermal cracking gasification chamber, a lower steam spraying pyrolysis gasification chamber, a screw feeder, a biomass gas discharge pipe, a gas fuel high-speed combustor and a slag box. The gasifier can greatly reduce the content of tar in the produced biomass gas, but the high-temperature (above 1600 ℃) anaerobic smoke generated by the high-speed gas fuel combustor consumes a large amount of fuel gas generated in the biomass gasification process, namely, the gas production of unit biomass consumption is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, in order to form a strong cyclone vortex, the high-temperature smoke is sprayed into the cyclone pyrolysis gasification chamber along the cyclone tangential direction at a high speed of more than 80m/s and close to the inner wall of the cyclone pyrolysis gasification chamber, and under the operation condition, the high-temperature smoke and biomass particles carried by the high-temperature smoke can seriously erode and abrade the inner wall of the cyclone.

The utility model has the following contents:

in order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a biomass pressurized fluidized bed gasification and cyclone cracking's compound gasification system.

The utility model discloses a realize through following technical scheme:

a composite gasification system of biomass pressurized fluidized bed gasification and cyclone cracking is characterized by comprising a gasification furnace, a high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace, heat recovery equipment, a cyclone separator, a high-temperature filter, a material sealing valve, a steam pocket and an ash bucket; the gasification furnace comprises a slag discharging ring pipe, a gasification agent spray pipe, a gasification furnace air chamber, a distribution plate, a fly ash return port II, a gasification furnace dense-phase section, a biomass feed inlet, a fly ash return port I, a secondary gasification agent spray pipe and a gasification furnace dilute-phase section from bottom to top respectively, the slag discharging ring pipe is used for discharging ash in a bed layer of the gasification furnace dense-phase section out of the gasification furnace, and the gasification agent spray pipe is used for spraying a gasification agent into the bed layer of the gasification furnace dense-phase section; the solid discharge port of the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace is communicated with the solid feed port of the material sealing valve, the solid discharge port of the material sealing valve is communicated with the dense-phase section bed layer of the gasification furnace through a fly ash return port I, the bottom outlet of the lower conical section of the cyclone separator is communicated with the top feed port of the ash bucket, the bottom discharge port of the ash bucket is communicated with the dense-phase section bed layer of the gasification furnace through a fly ash return port II, the solid discharge port of the high-temperature filter is communicated with the dense-phase section bed layer of the gasification furnace through the fly ash return port II, the biomass feed port is positioned above the distribution plate, the secondary gasification agent nozzle is positioned above the dense-phase section bed layer of the gasification furnace, the top outlet of the gasification furnace is communicated with the crude synthesis gas inlet of the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace, the gasification agent feed port is arranged on the opposite side of the crude synthesis gas inlet on the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace, and the top gas-solid phase outlet of the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace is connected to a heat recovery device, the water/steam side of the heat recovery device is communicated with the steam drum; a saturated water outlet at the bottom of the steam drum is communicated with a saturated water inlet of the heat recovery device, a saturated water/steam outlet at the top of the water/steam side of the heat recovery device is communicated with a saturated water/steam inlet at the bottom of the steam drum, a saturated steam outlet at the top of the steam drum is communicated with a saturated steam inlet of the heat recovery device, and an overheated steam outlet of the heat recovery device is respectively communicated with a gasifying agent inlet of the cyclone cracking furnace and a gasifying agent inlet of a gasification furnace air chamber and a gasifying agent spray pipe of the gasification furnace; the bottom of the heat recovery equipment is communicated to a gas-solid phase inlet of the cyclone separator, and an outlet at the top of the cyclone separator is communicated with a crude synthesis gas inlet of the high-temperature filter.

In another aspect of the present invention, the heat recovery apparatus is used to partially recover sensible heat of the high-temperature dusty raw synthesis gas and by-produce superheated steam.

In another aspect of the invention, the cyclone is used to further separate a portion of the solid particles in the dusty raw synthesis gas.

In another aspect of the present invention, the high temperature filter is used for further filtering out the semicoke fly ash particles in the dusty crude synthesis gas which can not be separated by the cyclone separator, and the semicoke fly ash particles filtered by the high temperature filter fall into the bottom cone section of the high temperature filter.

In another aspect of the present invention, the filter element of the high temperature filter is a metal filter element or a ceramic filter element.

The utility model has the advantages that:

the material adaptability is strong, the bed height is controllable, the bed material in the bed layer can quickly heat the added biomass feed, the gasification reaction time is shortened, the gasification strength of the gasification furnace is greatly improved, and more combustible components are generated;

by adopting the spouted fluidized bed gasification technology with the circulating return material, the carbon particles which are not completely reacted can return to the dense-phase bed layer of the gasification furnace or the central high-temperature area of the dense-phase bed layer in a pneumatic conveying mode through the return feeder for further reaction, thereby improving the gasification efficiency and the fuel gas heat value, simultaneously, the system has no extra fly ash to be discharged, and effectively solving the problems of discharge and treatment of the escape fly ash in the fluidized bed gasification system;

the bottom of the dilute phase section of the gasification furnace is provided with a secondary gasification agent nozzle, and the concentration of tar in the dust-containing crude synthesis gas entering the dilute phase section of the gasification furnace can be effectively reduced by further increasing the temperature of the dilute phase section of the gasification furnace;

the tar cracking catalyst is directly added to a high-temperature pipeline between an outlet at the top of the gasification furnace and the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace, a strong rotational flow is formed by using high-temperature cyclone, and a stream of gasifying agent is introduced into the cyclone, so that fly ash and catalyst solid in the high-temperature cyclone are fully mixed with gas-solid containing tar gas and the gasifying agent, the reaction is violent, the catalytic cracking reaction of hydrocarbons such as tar and methane is generated during gas-solid separation, the reaction time is effectively prolonged due to the internal and external reverse rotational flow generated in the cyclone, the tar content in the outlet gas of the fluidized bed can be greatly reduced, and a subsequent gas purification system is simplified; the structure of the cyclone cracking furnace is very simple;

tar in the hot gas is completely removed, so that the hot gas subjected to dry dust removal is directly utilized, pollution to pipelines and equipment caused by tar condensation is avoided, and the heat efficiency of gas utilization is correspondingly improved;

the tar produced in the biomass gasification process can be effectively converted into low molecular weight gas products such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and the like, and the effective gas yield of unit biomass consumption is correspondingly and effectively improved.

Description of the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gasification furnace body and the division of each region in the gasification furnace.

In the drawings: 1. the device comprises a gasification furnace, 2, a high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace, 3, heat recovery equipment, 4, a cyclone separator, 5, a high-temperature filter, 6, a material sealing valve, 7, a steam pocket, 8, an ash bucket, 9, oxygen/oxygen-enriched air/water vapor (gasifying agent), 10, a secondary gasifying agent, 11, slag discharging, 12, raw material biomass, 13, a cracking reaction catalyst, 14, boiler feed water, 15, tar-removed synthesis gas, 16, oxygen/oxygen-enriched air, 17, a gasification furnace dilute phase section, 18, a secondary gasifying agent nozzle, 19, a gasification furnace dense phase section, 20, a fly ash return port I, 21, a distribution plate, 22, a gasifying agent spray pipe, 23, a slag discharging ring pipe, 24, a gasification furnace air chamber, 25, a fly ash return port II, 26 and a biomass feed port.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the following will further explain the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples:

in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the description indicating the orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element indicated must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Example 1

A composite gasification system of biomass pressurized fluidized bed gasification and cyclone cracking comprises a gasification furnace 1, a high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace 2, a heat recovery device 3, a cyclone separator 4, a high-temperature filter 5, a material sealing valve 6, a steam drum 7 and an ash bucket 8; the gasification furnace 1 comprises a slag discharging ring pipe, a gasification agent spray pipe, a gasification furnace air chamber, a distribution plate, a fly ash return port II, a gasification furnace dense-phase section, a biomass feed inlet, a fly ash return port I, a secondary gasification agent spray pipe and a gasification furnace dilute-phase section from bottom to top respectively, the slag discharging ring pipe is used for discharging ash in a gasification furnace dense-phase section bed layer, and the gasification agent spray pipe is used for spraying a gasification agent into the gasification furnace dense-phase section bed layer; the solid discharge port of the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace is communicated with the solid feed port of the material sealing valve, the solid discharge port of the material sealing valve is communicated with the dense-phase section bed layer of the gasification furnace through a fly ash return port I, the bottom outlet of the lower conical section of the cyclone separator is communicated with the top feed port of the ash bucket, the bottom discharge port of the ash bucket is communicated with the dense-phase section bed layer of the gasification furnace through a fly ash return port II, the solid discharge port of the high-temperature filter is communicated with the dense-phase section bed layer of the gasification furnace through the fly ash return port II, the biomass feed port is positioned above the distribution plate, the secondary gasification agent nozzle is positioned above the dense-phase section bed layer of the gasification furnace, the top outlet of the gasification furnace is communicated with the crude synthesis gas inlet of the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace, the gasification agent feed port is arranged on the opposite side of the crude synthesis gas inlet on the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace, and the top gas-solid phase outlet of the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace is connected to a heat recovery device, the water/steam side of the heat recovery device is communicated with the steam drum; a saturated water outlet at the bottom of the steam drum is communicated with a saturated water inlet of the heat recovery device, a saturated water/steam outlet at the top of the water/steam side of the heat recovery device is communicated with a saturated water/steam inlet at the bottom of the steam drum, a saturated steam outlet at the top of the steam drum is communicated with a saturated steam inlet of the heat recovery device, and an overheated steam outlet of the heat recovery device is respectively communicated with a gasifying agent inlet of the cyclone cracking furnace and a gasifying agent inlet of a gasification furnace air chamber and a gasifying agent spray pipe of the gasification furnace; the bottom of the heat recovery equipment is communicated to a gas-solid phase inlet of the cyclone separator, and an outlet at the top of the cyclone separator is communicated with a crude synthesis gas inlet of the high-temperature filter. The heat recovery equipment 3 is used for partially recovering sensible heat of the high-temperature dust-containing crude synthesis gas and by-producing superheated steam. The cyclone 4 serves to further separate a part of the solid particles in the dusty raw synthesis gas. The high-temperature filter 5 is used for further filtering out semicoke fly ash particles in the dust-containing crude synthesis gas which cannot be separated by the cyclone separator 4, and the semicoke fly ash particles filtered out by the high-temperature filter 5 fall into the bottom conical section of the high-temperature filter 5. And the filter element of the high-temperature filter 5 is a metal filter element or a ceramic filter element.

The composite gasification system of biomass pressurized fluidized bed gasification and cyclone cracking comprises a gasification furnace 1, a high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace 2, a heat recovery device 3, a cyclone separator 4, a high-temperature filter 5, a material sealing valve 6, a steam drum 7 and an ash bucket 8.

The gasification furnace 1 is composed of a slag discharging ring pipe, a gasification agent spray pipe, a gasification furnace air chamber, a distribution plate, a fly ash discharge hole II, a gasification furnace dense-phase section, a biomass feed inlet, a fly ash discharge hole I, a secondary gasification agent spray pipe and a gasification furnace dilute-phase section from bottom to top. Ash in the dense-phase bed layer of the gasification furnace is discharged out of the gasification furnace through a slag discharge ring pipe, and the height of the dense-phase bed layer of the gasification furnace can be correspondingly adjusted by controlling the slag discharge rate; a central high-temperature area is arranged in a dense-phase bed layer of the gasification furnace, a gasification agent with certain oxygen concentration is sprayed into the central high-temperature area through a gasification agent spray pipe, the central high-temperature area is maintained at a higher temperature level than the average temperature of the dense-phase bed layer, and the central high-temperature area is used for burning and gasifying semi-coke fly ash particles with lower reactivity, which are collected from a high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace, a cyclone separator and a high-temperature filter in a filtering way; semicoke fly ash particles separated by the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace enter a dense-phase bed layer of the gasification furnace from a fly ash return port I above the distribution plate, and semicoke fly ash particles separated by the cyclone separator and the high-temperature filter are introduced into a central high-temperature area of the dense-phase bed layer of the gasification furnace from a fly ash return port II; introducing the other part of gasifying agent into the gasification furnace gas chamber for maintaining the materials in the dense phase section bed layer above the distribution plate in a stable fluidized state; the biomass feed inlet is positioned above and near the distribution plate and is used for introducing a biomass raw material after the raw material pretreatment is finished; the secondary gasification agent nozzle is positioned near the upper part of the bed layer of the dense-phase section of the gasification furnace, and secondary gasification agent is introduced to promote the solid-gas materials above the dense-phase section of the gasification furnace to further generate gasification and tar cracking reaction; gasification of solid gas components in the gasification furnace, cracking reaction of macromolecular gases such as tar and the like and sedimentation of large-particle solids continue to occur in the dilute phase section of the gasification furnace.

The gas-solid phase material at the top outlet of the gasification furnace 1 enters a high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace 2, a cracking reaction catalyst is introduced between the top outlet of the gasification furnace 1 and the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace 2, and a gasifying agent is introduced at the opposite side of a gas-solid phase feed inlet of a cylinder body of the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace 2, so that fly ash and catalyst solid particles in the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace 2 are fully mixed with gas-solid phase containing tar gas and the gasifying agent to generate violent reaction, and the catalytic cracking reaction of hydrocarbons such as tar and methane is generated while gas-solid separation is performed; the semicoke fly ash which is separated from the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace 2 and contains catalyst particles and is not completely reacted enters a material sealing valve 6, is communicated with a fly ash return port I which is close to the upper part of a distribution plate of a dense-phase bed layer of the gasification furnace 1 through the material sealing valve 6 and enters the dense-phase bed layer of the gasification furnace 1 to continuously participate in reaction; the top gas-solid phase outlet of the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace 2 is connected to a heat recovery device 3.

The heat recovery device 3 is used for partially recovering sensible heat of the high-temperature dust-containing raw synthesis gas and by-producing superheated steam. The water/steam side of the heat recovery device 4 is in communication with a steam drum 7; the steam drum 7 maintains the liquid level thereof by supplementing boiler feed water; the saturated water outlet at the bottom of the steam drum 7 is communicated with the saturated water inlet of the heat recovery device 4, the saturated water/steam outlet at the top of the water/steam side of the heat recovery device 4 is communicated with the saturated water/steam inlet at the bottom of the steam drum 7, the saturated steam outlet at the top of the steam drum 7 is communicated with the saturated steam inlet of the heat recovery device 4, and the superheated steam outlet of the heat recovery device 4 is respectively communicated with the gasifying agent inlet of the cyclone cracking furnace 2 and the gasifying agent inlet of the gasification furnace air chamber and the gasifying agent spray pipe of the gasification furnace 1.

The dust-containing raw synthesis gas after partial cooling of the heat recovery device 3 is communicated from the bottom of the heat recovery device 3 to a gas-solid phase inlet of the cyclone separator 4, and the cyclone separator 4 is used for further separating partial solid particles in the dust-containing raw synthesis gas. The semicoke fly ash particles separated by the cyclone separator 4 enter an ash bucket 8 from an outlet at the bottom of the lower conical section of the cyclone separator 4; the top dust-containing crude synthesis gas after gas-solid separation by the cyclone separator 4 enters a high-temperature filter 5.

The high temperature filter 5 is used to further filter out the semi-coke fly ash particles in the dust-containing raw synthesis gas which cannot be separated by the cyclone 4. The semicoke fly ash particles filtered by the high-temperature filter 5 fall into the bottom conical section of the high-temperature filter 5; the raw synthesis gas after being filtered and dedusted by the high-temperature filter 5 does not contain tar, and can be directly utilized or utilized after being further purified.

The semicoke fly ash in the bottom conical sections of the ash bucket 8 and the high-temperature filter 5 is conveyed to a fly ash discharge port II of the gasification furnace 1 through pneumatic conveying gas such as carbon dioxide/air/nitrogen and the like, and enters a central high-temperature area of a dense-phase bed layer of the gasification furnace 1 to participate in combustion and gasification reactions.

The high-temperature filter 5 can be made of a metal filter element or a ceramic filter element.

Example 2

In the embodiment, a small amount of oxygen, oxygen-enriched air or air gas is introduced below the dust removal filter element of the high-temperature filter 5 in the embodiment 1 and is used for forming a continuous smoldering state on dust covered on the metal or ceramic high-temperature filter element so as to reduce the pressure drop on two sides of the filter element.

In short, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all the equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A composite gasification system of biomass pressurized fluidized bed gasification and cyclone cracking is characterized by comprising a gasification furnace (1), a high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace (2), heat recovery equipment (3), a cyclone separator (4), a high-temperature filter (5), a material sealing valve (6), a steam drum (7) and an ash bucket (8); the gasification furnace (1) comprises a slag discharging ring pipe, a gasification agent spray pipe, a gasification furnace air chamber, a distribution plate, a fly ash return port II, a gasification furnace dense-phase section, a biomass feed inlet, a fly ash return port I, a secondary gasification agent spray pipe and a gasification furnace dilute-phase section from bottom to top, wherein the slag discharging ring pipe is used for discharging ash in a bed layer of the gasification furnace dense-phase section out of the gasification furnace, and the gasification agent spray pipe is used for spraying a gasification agent into the bed layer of the gasification furnace dense-phase section; the solid discharge port of the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace is communicated with the solid feed port of the material sealing valve, the solid discharge port of the material sealing valve is communicated with the dense-phase section bed layer of the gasification furnace through a fly ash return port I, the bottom outlet of the lower conical section of the cyclone separator is communicated with the top feed port of the ash bucket, the bottom discharge port of the ash bucket is communicated with the dense-phase section bed layer of the gasification furnace through a fly ash return port II, the solid discharge port of the high-temperature filter is communicated with the dense-phase section bed layer of the gasification furnace through the fly ash return port II, the biomass feed port is positioned above the distribution plate, the secondary gasification agent nozzle is positioned above the dense-phase section bed layer of the gasification furnace, the top outlet of the gasification furnace is communicated with the crude synthesis gas inlet of the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace, the gasification agent feed port is arranged on the opposite side of the crude synthesis gas inlet on the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace, and the top gas-solid phase outlet of the high-temperature cyclone cracking furnace is connected to a heat recovery device, the water/steam side of the heat recovery device is communicated with the steam drum; a saturated water outlet at the bottom of the steam drum is communicated with a saturated water inlet of the heat recovery device, a saturated water/steam outlet at the top of the water/steam side of the heat recovery device is communicated with a saturated water/steam inlet at the bottom of the steam drum, a saturated steam outlet at the top of the steam drum is communicated with a saturated steam inlet of the heat recovery device, and an overheated steam outlet of the heat recovery device is respectively communicated with a gasifying agent inlet of the cyclone cracking furnace and a gasifying agent inlet of a gasification furnace air chamber and a gasifying agent spray pipe of the gasification furnace; the bottom of the heat recovery equipment is communicated to a gas-solid phase inlet of the cyclone separator, and an outlet at the top of the cyclone separator is communicated with a crude synthesis gas inlet of the high-temperature filter.

2. The combined gasification system for pressurized fluidized bed gasification and cyclone pyrolysis of biomass according to claim 1, wherein the filter element of the high temperature filter (5) is a metal filter element or a ceramic filter element.

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