CN214954679U - Input switching value detection circuit for vehicle-mounted controller - Google Patents
Input switching value detection circuit for vehicle-mounted controller Download PDFInfo
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- CN214954679U CN214954679U CN202121241600.9U CN202121241600U CN214954679U CN 214954679 U CN214954679 U CN 214954679U CN 202121241600 U CN202121241600 U CN 202121241600U CN 214954679 U CN214954679 U CN 214954679U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to the electric control technical field of electric automobiles, and discloses an input switching value detection circuit for an on-board controller, aiming at the defects that the input switching value detection circuit on the current electric automobile controller has single function, simple design, poor anti-interference capability and can not be compatible with the full working voltage range of a lead-acid storage battery of a trolley and a cart, a photoelectric coupler (optocoupler) is adopted as a detection and transmission device, and a self-recovery fuse, a reflux diode, a transient suppression diode and a voltage stabilizing diode are combined to achieve the purpose of surge impact resistance and large current protection of the detection circuit, and parameters of components are properly selected, so that the input switching value detection circuit can normally work in the full working voltage range of the lead-acid storage battery of the trolley and the cart, and has the advantages of strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability and high reliability, and can detect outside dry contact signal and wet contact signal simultaneously, application scope is wide, has higher popularization and application value.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an automatically controlled technical field of electric automobile, in particular to an input switching value detection circuitry for on-vehicle controller.
Background
Compare traditional fuel vehicle, electric automobile electrical system control assembly is more complicated, wherein Battery Management System (BMS), Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) and Motor Controller (MCU) are the three very important control assembly on electric automobile whole car, BMS is responsible for defending the responsibility of power lithium ion battery group safe operation, VCU is used for vehicle power system's coordination and control, give MCU issue torque or rotational speed instruction, MCU turns into three-phase alternating current with group battery direct current, is responsible for driving energy output.
At present, a Battery Management System (BMS), a Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) and a Motor Controller (MCU) on an electric automobile are mostly designed separately and work cooperatively, and hardware is provided with five parts of digital quantity acquisition, analog quantity acquisition, control output, power supply and communication independently. The collected digital quantity, namely the input switching quantity, often comprises a lead-acid storage battery normal fire signal, an ON gear key switch signal, an ACC gear key switch signal, a charging awakening signal, a charging control guide signal CP, a hand brake signal, a gear switch signal, a vehicle speed pulse signal, a motor rotating speed signal, a high-voltage relay auxiliary contact signal, an MSD maintenance switch auxiliary contact signal, an HVIL high-voltage interlocking signal and the like. The acquisition and detection of the input switch quantity are basic functions of the BMS, the VCU and the MCU, the acquisition accuracy and the detection reliability are preconditions for the core algorithm estimation and the logic protection judgment of the BMS, the VCU and the MCU, and the driving experience and the driving safety of the electric automobile are concerned.
The input switching values are generally classified into two types: dry Contact signal (Dry Contact) and Wet Contact signal (Wet Contact). The dry contact belongs to a passive switch, has two states of closing and opening, has no polarity between the two contacts, and can be interchanged; the wet contact belongs to an active switch and has two states of power-on and power-off, and the two contacts have polarity and cannot be reversely connected. The input switching values listed above, such as the high-voltage relay auxiliary contact signal, the MSD maintenance switch auxiliary contact signal, and the HVIL high-voltage interlock signal, are dry contact signals, and the rest are wet contact signals.
In the field of power electronics, there are many detection circuits for input switching values, and there are a comparison circuit formed by a triode or a field effect transistor detection circuit and an operational amplifier, a photoelectric coupler (optical coupler) detection circuit, and the like, wherein the input switching value detection circuit formed by the optical coupler is most commonly used, because the optical coupler realizes the functions of level conversion, current-voltage conversion and signal electrical isolation in the detection process of signal levels.
Different from industrial application scenes, the electric automobile is provided with a plurality of motors and motor controllers such as a main drive and an auxiliary drive, and power conversion and frequency conversion equipment such as a DC/DC converter, a vehicle-mounted charger, a vehicle-mounted air conditioner and the like, and the contact of a high-voltage relay can generate larger shock waves at the switching moment, so that the phenomena of electromagnetic interference and surge impact on the electric automobile are more serious, and higher requirements on the reliability of signal sampling and detection of the controllers such as a BMS, a VCU, an MCU and the like on the whole automobile are provided. In addition, the electric control equipment on the electric automobile is generally provided with a working power supply by a vehicle-mounted lead-acid storage battery, the rated output voltage of the trolley lead-acid storage battery is 12Vdc, the fluctuation range of the working voltage is 10.5 Vdc-13.8 Vdc, the rated output voltage of the cart lead-acid storage battery is 24Vdc, and the fluctuation range of the working voltage is 19.2 Vdc-27.6 Vdc. However, the input switching value detection circuit on the vehicle-mounted controller at the present stage has the advantages of single function, simple design and poor anti-interference capability, and cannot be compatible with the full working voltage range of lead-acid storage batteries of the trolley and the cart.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing an input switching value detection circuitry for on-vehicle controller aims at solving the input switching value detection circuitry function on the current on-vehicle controller comparatively single, the design is simple, the interference killing feature is relatively poor, and the technical problem of the full operating voltage scope of unable compatible dolly and cart lead acid storage battery.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an input switching value detection circuit for a vehicle-mounted controller, comprising a self-recovery fuse F1, a reverse flow diode D1, an input terminal a, an input terminal B, an input terminal C, a self-recovery fuse F2, a transient suppression diode D2, a zener diode D3, current limiting resistors R1 to R3, a shunt resistor R4, a pull-up resistor R5, a filter capacitor C1, a photocoupler U1 and an output terminal D, a photodiode VD and a detection triode VT are arranged in the photocoupler U1, the self-recovery fuse F1 is electrically connected with a positive VBAT + of a vehicle-mounted lead-acid battery, the self-recovery fuse F1, the reverse flow diode D1 and the input terminal a are electrically connected in series in sequence, the input terminal B, the self-recovery fuse F2, the current limiting resistor R2, the zener diode D3, the current limiting resistor R3 and one end 1 of the photodiode VD in sequence are electrically connected in series, the access end C is electrically connected with the other end of a photosensitive diode VD in the photoelectric coupler U1, the transient suppression diode D2, the filter capacitor C1 and the shunt resistor R4 are respectively and electrically connected in parallel with a photosensitive diode VD in the photoelectric coupler U1, a photosensitive diode VD and an access end C in the photoelectric coupler U1 are both electrically connected with the negative electrode of the vehicle-mounted lead-acid storage battery, the current-limiting resistor R1 is electrically connected in parallel with the current-limiting resistor R2, one end and the output end D of the detection triode VT in the photoelectric coupler U1 are electrically connected in series with one side of the I/O pin of the CPU, one end of the pull-up resistor R5 is electrically connected with the output end D, the other end of the pull-up resistor R5 is electrically connected with the anode of a controller power supply VCC, and a detection triode VT in the photoelectric coupler U1 is electrically connected with the negative electrode of a power supply VCC of the controller.
Further, when the external input switching value is a dry contact signal, the external input switching value is electrically connected to the access terminal a and the access terminal B, respectively.
Further, when the external input switching value is a wet contact signal, the external input switching value is electrically connected to the input end B and the input end C, respectively.
Further, the photocoupler U1 adopts a TLP185 photocoupler chip, and the minimum triggerable forward current of the photocoupler U1 is 1mA, and the maximum bearable forward current is 50 mA.
Further, the reflux diode D1 adopts a 1N4148 reflux diode, and the forward tube voltage drop of the reflux diode D1 is 0.67 Vdc.
Further, the zener diode D3 adopts a MMSZ5231B zener diode, and the zener diode D3 has a regulated voltage value of 5 Vdc.
Further, the forward voltage drop of the photodiode VD in the photocoupler U1 is 1.25 Vdc.
Further, the rated voltage of the vehicle-mounted lead-acid battery is 12Vdc or 24 Vdc.
Further, the voltage of the controller power supply VCC is 5Vdc or 3.3 Vdc.
Adopt the technical scheme of the utility model, following beneficial effect has: the technical scheme of the utility model, adopt photoelectric coupler (opto-coupler) to constitute input switching value detection circuitry, make full use of the opto-coupler interference killing feature strong, job stabilization, no switch contact, long service life and advantage that transmission efficiency is high, combine to use the self-resuming fuse simultaneously, the backward flow diode, the transient state restraines the diode, the purpose that the zener diode reaches detection circuitry anti surge impact and heavy current protection, and through suitably selecting the components and parts parameter, make input switching value detection circuitry homoenergetic normal work in the full operating voltage scope of dolly and cart lead-acid storage battery, and have strong and the high advantage of reliability of anti-electromagnetic interference ability, and can detect outside dry contact signal and wet contact signal simultaneously, application scope is wide, has higher popularization and application and worth.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an input switching value detection circuit for an on-board controller according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is the input switching value detection circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention with labeled specification models and specific parameters of components.
The objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as upper, lower, left, right, front and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the motion situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The utility model provides an input switching value detection circuitry for on-vehicle controller.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, the input switching value detection circuit for a vehicle-mounted controller includes a self-recovery fuse F1, a reverse flow diode D1, an input terminal a, an input terminal B, an input terminal C, a self-recovery fuse F2, a transient suppression diode D2, a zener diode D3, current-limiting resistors R1 to R3, a shunt resistor R4, a pull-up resistor R5, a filter capacitor C1, a photocoupler U1 and an output terminal D, a photosensitive diode VD and a detection triode VT are disposed in the photocoupler U1, the self-recovery fuse F1 is electrically connected to an anode VBAT + of a vehicle-mounted lead-acid battery, the self-recovery fuse F1, the reverse flow diode D1 and the input terminal a are electrically connected in series in sequence, the input terminal B, the self-recovery fuse F2, the current-limiting resistor R2, the zener diode D3, the current-limiting resistor R3 and one end of the photosensitive diode VD 1 are electrically connected in series in sequence, the access end C is electrically connected with the other end of a photosensitive diode VD in the photoelectric coupler U1, the transient suppression diode D2, the filter capacitor C1 and the shunt resistor R4 are respectively and electrically connected in parallel with a photosensitive diode VD in the photoelectric coupler U1, a photosensitive diode VD and an access end C in the photoelectric coupler U1 are both electrically connected with the negative electrode of the vehicle-mounted lead-acid storage battery, the current-limiting resistor R1 is electrically connected in parallel with the current-limiting resistor R2, one end and the output end D of the detection triode VT in the photoelectric coupler U1 are electrically connected in series with one side of the I/O pin of the CPU, one end of the pull-up resistor R5 is electrically connected with the output end D, the other end of the pull-up resistor R5 is electrically connected with the anode of a controller power supply VCC, and a detection triode VT in the photoelectric coupler U1 is electrically connected with the negative electrode of a power supply VCC of the controller.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the utility model provides an input switching value detection circuitry comprises trigger circuit and output circuit to optoelectronic coupler U1 is the boundary line, and the left half of optoelectronic coupler U1 belongs to trigger circuit, and the right half of optoelectronic coupler U1 belongs to output circuit. The photoelectric coupler U1 is a current type device, which is a device for transmitting electric signals by taking light as a medium, the left side inside the photoelectric coupler U1 is a photosensitive diode VD, the right side inside the photoelectric coupler U1 is a detection triode VT, when a trigger circuit forms a loop to work, the photosensitive diode VD can emit light due to the passing of current, the detection triode VT can be conducted after receiving light signals, the signal level of an output circuit can be changed, and the signal level is conducted to an I/O pin of a CPU for collection and detection. In the input switching value detection circuit shown in fig. 1, a trigger circuit is supplied with a working power supply by a vehicle-mounted lead-acid battery, an output circuit is supplied with power by a relevant controller (BMS, VCU and MCU), and the two parts of power supplies can be electrically isolated according to specific conditions and can also be connected in a single-point grounding manner so as to improve the anti-interference capability of the circuit. The access end A, the access end B and the access end C are external input contacts of the detection circuit, and when the external input switching value is a dry contact signal, the external input switching value is respectively connected to the access end A and the access end B; when the external input switching value is a wet contact signal, the external input switching value is respectively connected to the access terminal B and the access terminal C.
VBAT + is led out from the positive pole of the lead-acid battery, and provides a 12Vdc or 24Vdc working power supply for the trigger circuit; f1 and F2 are self-recovery fuses, and can quickly present a high configuration (cut-off state) under the condition that faults such as the access point A is shorted to the ground or the access point B inputs excessive voltage, and the like occur, a trigger circuit is disconnected, electronic components are prevented from being damaged due to overcurrent, and the normal working state of a low-resistance state (conducting state) can be immediately recovered after the faults disappear; d1 is a reflux diode for preventing external current from flowing backward into the detection circuit; d2 is transient suppression diode, connect in parallel to the input end of the trigger circuit, when the circuit works normally, it is in the high impedance state, does not influence the normal work of the circuit, but when the input end appears the abnormal overvoltage and reaches its breakdown voltage, it changes from high impedance state to low impedance state rapidly, offer the low impedance conduction path for the instantaneous heavy current, clamp the abnormal high voltage within a safe level at the same time, achieve the purpose of protecting the electronic components, after the abnormal overvoltage disappears, can resume to the normal working condition of the high impedance state rapidly; r1, R2 and R3 are current-limiting resistors and have the function of ensuring that the current entering the photosensitive diode VD of the photoelectric coupler U1 can trigger the conduction of the detection triode VT and cannot exceed the maximum current born by the photosensitive diode VD; c1 is a filter capacitor, and forms a low-pass filter with R1 and R2 to filter out high-frequency noise in the circuit; d3 is a voltage stabilizing diode, is used for improving the voltage detection threshold of the detection circuit, and can block interference voltage and noise and improve the anti-interference capability of the detection circuit; r4 is the shunt resistance of photoelectric coupler U1 photosensitive diode VD, can reduce the influence of the current noise in the circuit; the photoelectric coupler U1 is used for converting a primary side detection current signal into a secondary side voltage signal and outputting the secondary side voltage signal to an I/O pin of the CPU for collection and detection; VCC is the power supply on the controllers (BMS, VCU and MCU), typically a 5Vdc or 3.3Vdc voltage platform; r5 is the pull-up resistance of the I/O pin on the CPU, when the trigger circuit is conducted, the current of the photosensitive diode VD in the photoelectric coupler U1 can emit light, the detection triode VT can be conducted and connected to the power ground after receiving the light signal, and the output end D of the output circuit outputs the low level to the I/O pin of the CPU; when the trigger circuit is switched off, the photodiode VD in the photoelectric coupler U1 does not emit light when no current passes through, the detection triode VT is in a disconnected state because no light signal is received, and the output end D of the output circuit outputs high level to the I/O pin of the CPU.
The utility model provides an input switching value detection circuitry is for the full operating voltage scope of compatible dolly and cart lead acid storage battery: 9 Vdc-36 Vdc, specification models and specific parameters of all electronic components are marked as shown in FIG. 2, 1N4148 is selected as a reverse flow diode D1, and the forward tube voltage drop is 0.67 Vdc; the voltage-stabilizing diode D3 selects MMSZ5231B, and the voltage-stabilizing value of the voltage-stabilizing diode D3 is 5 Vdc; the photoelectric coupler U1 selects a TLP185 optical coupler chip, the forward voltage drop of an internal photosensitive diode VD is 1.25Vdc, the minimum triggerable forward current is 1mA, and the maximum bearable forward current is 50 mA; therefore, KVL and KCL laws should be satisfied when the trigger circuit loop is turned on:
VBAT+＝VF(D1)+(R1//R2)*(IR4+IF(U1))+VZ(D3)+IR4*R4；
IR4*R4＝IF(U1)*R3+UF(U1)；
substituting parameter values to obtain:
VBAT+＝0.67Vdc+(400Ω//400Ω)*(IR4+IF(U1))+5Vdc+IR4*300Ω；
IR4*300Ω＝IF(U1)*360Ω+1.25Vdc；
when the voltage VBAT + of the vehicle-mounted lead-acid battery is 9Vdc, the positive direction of the photosensitive diode VD in the optocoupler chip U1 can be calculated according to the equationCurrent IFmin1.56mA, which is larger than the minimum triggerable forward current 1mA of the optical coupling chip, and meets the minimum limit requirement; when the voltage VBAT + of the vehicle-mounted lead-acid storage battery is 36Vdc in maximum, the forward current I of the photosensitive diode VD in the optocoupler chip U1 can be calculated according to the equationFmax35.3mA, be less than opto-coupler chip maximum bearable forward current 50mA, satisfy the maximum limit requirement.
The utility model discloses a photoelectric coupler (opto-coupler) constitutes input switching value detection circuitry, make full use of the opto-coupler interference killing feature strong, job stabilization, no switch contact, long service life and advantage that transmission efficiency is high, combine to use the self-resuming fuse simultaneously, the backward flow diode, the transient state restraines the diode, the zener diode reaches the purpose that detection circuitry anti-surge strikes and heavy current protection, and through suitably selecting the components and parts parameter, make input switching value detection circuitry homoenergetic normal work in the full operating voltage scope of dolly and cart lead acid storage battery, and have strong and the high advantage of reliability of anti-electromagnetic interference ability, and can detect outside dry contact signal and wet contact signal simultaneously, application scope is wide, has higher popularization and application and worth.
The above only be the preferred embodiment of the utility model discloses a not consequently restriction the utility model discloses a patent range, all are in the utility model discloses a conceive, utilize the equivalent structure transform of what the content was done in the description and the attached drawing, or direct/indirect application all is included in other relevant technical field the utility model discloses a patent protection within range.
Claims (9)
1. An input switching value detection circuit for a vehicle-mounted controller is characterized by comprising a self-recovery fuse F1, a reverse flow diode D1, an access end A, an access end B, an access end C, a self-recovery fuse F2, a transient suppression diode D2, a voltage stabilizing diode D3, current limiting resistors R1-R3, a shunt resistor R4, a pull-up resistor R5, a filter capacitor C1, a photoelectric coupler U1 and an output end D, wherein a photoelectric induction connected photosensitive diode VD and a detection triode VT are arranged in the photoelectric coupler U1, the self-recovery fuse F1 is electrically connected with a positive electrode VBAT + of a vehicle-mounted lead-acid battery, the self-recovery fuse F1, the reverse flow diode D1 and the access end A are sequentially and electrically connected in series, the access end B, the self-recovery fuse F2, the current limiting resistor R2, the voltage stabilizing diode D3, the current limiting resistor R3 and one end VD of the photoelectric coupler U1 are electrically connected in series, the access end C is electrically connected with the other end of a photosensitive diode VD in the photoelectric coupler U1, the transient suppression diode D2, the filter capacitor C1 and the shunt resistor R4 are respectively and electrically connected in parallel with a photosensitive diode VD in the photoelectric coupler U1, a photosensitive diode VD and an access end C in the photoelectric coupler U1 are both electrically connected with the negative electrode of the vehicle-mounted lead-acid storage battery, the current-limiting resistor R1 is electrically connected in parallel with the current-limiting resistor R2, one end and the output end D of the detection triode VT in the photoelectric coupler U1 are electrically connected in series with one side of the I/O pin of the CPU, one end of the pull-up resistor R5 is electrically connected with the output end D, the other end of the pull-up resistor R5 is electrically connected with the anode of a controller power supply VCC, and a detection triode VT in the photoelectric coupler U1 is electrically connected with the negative electrode of a power supply VCC of the controller.
2. The input switching value detecting circuit for the vehicle-mounted controller according to claim 1, wherein when the external input switching value is a dry contact signal, the external input switching value is electrically connected to the input terminal a and the input terminal B, respectively.
3. The input switching value detecting circuit for the vehicle-mounted controller according to claim 1, wherein when the external input switching value is a wet contact signal, the external input switching value is electrically connected to the input terminal B and the input terminal C, respectively.
4. The input switching value detection circuit for the vehicle-mounted controller as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photocoupler U1 employs a TLP185 photocoupler chip, and the photocoupler U1 has a minimum triggerable forward current of 1mA and a maximum bearable forward current of 50 mA.
5. The input switching value detecting circuit for the vehicle-mounted controller according to claim 1, wherein the reverse flow diode D1 is a 1N4148 reverse flow diode, and the forward pipe voltage drop of the reverse flow diode D1 is 0.67 Vdc.
6. The input switching value detection circuit for the vehicle-mounted controller according to claim 1, wherein the zener diode D3 is a MMSZ5231B zener diode, and the zener diode D3 has a zener value of 5 Vdc.
7. The input switching value detecting circuit for the vehicle-mounted controller according to claim 1, wherein a forward voltage drop of the photodiode VD in the photocoupler U1 is 1.25 Vdc.
8. The input switching value detection circuit for the vehicle-mounted controller according to claim 1, wherein the rated voltage of the vehicle-mounted lead-acid battery is 12Vdc or 24 Vdc.
9. The input switching value detection circuit for the vehicle-mounted controller according to claim 1, wherein the voltage of the controller power supply VCC is 5Vdc or 3.3 Vdc.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202121241600.9U CN214954679U (en) | 2021-06-02 | 2021-06-02 | Input switching value detection circuit for vehicle-mounted controller |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202121241600.9U CN214954679U (en) | 2021-06-02 | 2021-06-02 | Input switching value detection circuit for vehicle-mounted controller |
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| CN214954679U true CN214954679U (en) | 2021-11-30 |
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