Background
Many processes involve the use of kilns for oxygen and even high oxygen sintering operations, such as in the battery field, and particularly for the positive electrode material of high nickel ternary lithium ion batteries.
High-nickel ternary lithium ion battery positive electrode material LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2(NCM) is widely applied to the field of lithium ion power batteries by virtue of the advantages of high specific capacity, low cost, excellent safety and the like, and in order to ensure the quality of the high-nickel ternary lithium ion battery anode material, a large amount of oxygen needs to be continuously introduced into the kiln in the sintering process of the kiln so as to ensure the atmosphere in a hearth. The tail gas generated in these processes generally contains oxygen with a high component specific gravity, and in the traditional treatment method, the tail gas is generally directly discharged as waste gas after being subjected to environmental protection treatment, but the treatment method causes resource waste and production cost increase, and therefore, a system capable of recovering the kiln tail gas is urgently needed to be designed.
In the prior art, for example, the patent schemes of CN108786371A and CN110836608A recycle kiln exhaust gas, which reduces the cost of oxygen, but still have the following problems:
(1) in the prior art, the waste heat of the tail gas is not utilized, the tail gas is often cooled and the recovered gas is heated through extra facilities, so that the production cost is high;
(2) in the prior art, the tail gas of the kiln is directly reused in the preorder sintering process after being simply treated, and for part of sintering processes with high requirements on oxygen content, the oxygen concentration of the sintering processes cannot meet the process requirements, so that the sintering products of the kiln are greatly influenced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system of kiln for solve the technical problem that prior art exists.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a following technical scheme:
a tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system of a kiln comprises a tail gas collecting system and a tail gas processing system which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, wherein a gas inlet of the tail gas collecting system is communicated with a gas outlet of the kiln, and a gas outlet of the tail gas processing system is communicated with a gas inlet of the kiln; the system also comprises a first heat exchange device which is used for transferring the heat of the outlet gas of the tail gas collecting system to the outlet gas of the tail gas processing system.
Above-mentioned technical scheme's design idea lies in, through can retrieving the first heat transfer device who admits air and carry out the heat transfer with kiln exhaust gas that the kiln was arranged, waste heat in the exhaust gas has been utilized, on the one hand, the temperature of exhaust gas has been reduced, the resource cost consumption of follow-up cooling to exhaust gas has been reduced, also reduced the tolerance requirement to the temperature of follow-up all devices of system, on the other hand has promoted the recovery inlet air temperature, avoid admitting air the violent decline of the inside temperature of back kiln, also need not to use gaseous preheating device, and the production cost is saved.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
two gas passages capable of exchanging heat mutually are arranged in the first heat exchange device: the first gas passage is communicated with the gas outlet of the tail gas collecting system and the gas inlet of the tail gas processing system, and the second gas passage is communicated with the gas outlet of the tail gas processing system and the gas inlet of the kiln. The heat exchange device for contact heat exchange through the gas pipeline has a simple structure and high heat exchange efficiency.
The tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system further comprises a second heat exchange device used for transferring heat at the tail end of the kiln to the exhaust gas of the tail gas treatment system, and the second heat exchange device is sleeved on the outer side of the tail end of the kiln. According to the optimal scheme, the second heat exchange device capable of exchanging the tail end of the kiln and recycling the inlet air is arranged, the waste heat of the cooling section of the kiln is utilized, the cooling of the kiln is accelerated, the temperature of the recycled inlet air is further increased, the severe reduction of the temperature in the kiln after the inlet air is avoided, a gas preheating device is not needed, and the production cost is saved.
And a gas passage is arranged in the second heat exchange device and is communicated with the gas outlet of the tail gas treatment system and the gas inlet of the kiln. The heat exchange device for contact heat exchange through the gas pipeline has a simple structure and high heat exchange efficiency.
A gas pressurizing device is arranged behind the first heat exchange device. The gas pressurizing device provides power for each device of the tail gas leading to the system, and the gas pressurizing device is arranged behind the first heat exchange device, so that the damage to the gas pressurizing device caused by overhigh temperature of the tail gas directly recovered by the tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system can be avoided.
The tail gas treatment system comprises a dust treatment system, a first purification system, a fractionation system and a gas mixing system which are connected in sequence; the gas inlet of the dust treatment system is communicated with the gas outlet of the tail gas collection system; and the gas outlet of the gas mixing system leads to the gas inlet of the kiln. Through the dust treatment system, the first purification system, the fractionation system and the gas mixing system which are arranged in sequence, the recovered tail gas can be washed to remove solid impurities, water and carbon dioxide are removed through the first purification system, then pure oxygen with the oxygen content of more than 99.9% in a liquid state is prepared through the fractionation system through a cryogenic method, the pure oxygen is directly introduced into the kiln through a gas mixer or is mixed with gas with low oxygen content, the requirement of high oxygen content in the kiln when the high-nickel ternary lithium battery anode material or other materials are sintered is met, and the problem that the product quality is unqualified due to the fact that the oxygen concentration cannot meet the process requirement after the tail gas is recovered in the prior art is solved.
The tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system further comprises a second purification system, a gas inlet of the second purification system is communicated with the atmosphere, and a gas outlet of the second purification system is communicated with the fractionation system. The optimal scheme is equivalent to increasing a source of oxygen content of a tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system, and because partial oxygen is consumed in the sintering process, the gas flow to the interior of a kiln furnace is possibly insufficient only by recovering, treating and recycling the oxygen, and the production process requirement is difficult to achieve, the optimal scheme is that air is purified by a second purification system communicated with the atmosphere and then introduced into a fractionation system, pure oxygen with the concentration of more than 99.9% is prepared by the air, so that the oxygen consumed in the sintering process is compensated, and the gas flow of the whole system is stabilized.
The first purification system and the second purification system respectively comprise a pressurization precooling system and an adsorption system which are connected in sequence. The pressure pre-cooling system mainly provides proper pressure for the gas fractionation process of the subsequent fractionation system, so that the liquefaction of oxygen is facilitated, the requirement on the pressure when the fractionation tower fractionates air is met, the temperature is reduced in advance, and the energy is saved.
The dust treatment system comprises a washing system, and a pressurizing and precooling system of the first purification system comprises a first condenser, a filter, a pressurizing machine and a second condenser which are sequentially connected. Because tail gas still has passed through the washing of dust disposal system before first purification system, the water content in the tail gas is higher, but sets up the condenser before the presser on the one hand and guarantee the normal operating and the life of presser to and follow-up air fractionation technology's normal clear, on the other hand can carry out the precooling to tail gas, with the consumption that reduces follow-up air fractionation, reduce use cost.
The gas outlet of the first purification system is also communicated with the gas inlet of the gas mixing system, and an oxygen concentration detection device and a flow monitoring device are arranged on a connecting pipeline of the fractionation system and the gas mixing system and on a connecting pipeline of the first purification system and the gas mixing system. The preferred scheme divides the gas at the gas outlet of the first purification system into two paths: the gas finally recycled in the kiln can be pure oxygen with the oxygen content of more than 99.9 percent or mixed gas formed by mixing the pure oxygen and tail gas with lower oxygen content, and the design ensures the adjustment function of the oxygen content in the kiln by a user, so that the oxygen content finally recycled and reused in the kiln of the tail gas recovery system can be adjusted in a targeted way according to different sintering processes; the oxygen concentration detection device and the flow monitoring device are arranged, so that a user can conveniently adjust the proportion of each air inflow according to the reading of the device and the actual demand.
The tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system further comprises a pure oxygen supply system, an air outlet of the pure oxygen supply system is communicated with an air inlet of the gas mixing system, and an oxygen concentration detection device and a flow monitoring device are arranged on a connecting pipeline of the pure oxygen supply system and the gas mixing system. This preferred scheme is through having add a pure oxygen supply system, can be less, open the great condition of tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system energy consumption and carry out the oxygen suppliment through the gas mixing system to the kiln through the liquid oxygen of outsourcing at the kiln of opening, has promoted tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system's work flexibility.
The gas outlet of the fractionation system is also communicated with the gas inlet of the pure oxygen supply system; the pure oxygen in the pure oxygen supply system is sourced from an external and/or fractionation system.
All be provided with oxygen concentration detection device and flow monitoring device on the multichannel admission line of gas mixing system, through the data information who gathers oxygen concentration detection device and flow monitoring device, can distribute the regulation and control to the air input of each way admission line of gas mixing system to make the gas mixing system output and set for the gas of oxygen concentration and flow. Through setting up a plurality of oxygen concentration detection device and the flow monitoring device on gas mixing system inlet line and the pipeline of giving vent to anger, can the auxiliary user adjusts the oxygen concentration and the flow of giving vent to anger in order to control the final giving vent to anger of gas mixing system according to the use needs to the valve of each system to reach minimum oxygen cost.
The tail gas absorption system comprises one or more gas pipelines connected with the exhaust port of the kiln, and the gas pipelines are hermetically connected with the exhaust port of the kiln through a gas valve. The prior art generally adopts the gas collection mouth of the bell-mouth shape of taking the negative pressure to retrieve tail gas, but this structural seal nature is not good, causes the oxygen concentration of retrieving not enough, and this preferred scheme is then through gas valve lug connection tail gas absorption system and kiln, has promoted the holistic leakproofness of system.
The gas valve is made of high-temperature-resistant anticorrosive materials, and the high-temperature-resistant anticorrosive materials comprise ceramics and/or titanium alloy. The optimization of the material of the gas valve can improve the sealing property and the service life of the gas valve, further improve the sealing property of the whole system and avoid the reduction of oxygen content caused by the air entering.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of:
(1) the tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system of the utility model fully utilizes waste heat at each position, and further reduces the production cost when the system is opened;
(2) the tail gas recovered by the tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system can meet the requirement of high oxygen content in the kiln when the high-nickel ternary lithium battery anode material or other materials are sintered, and the problem of unqualified product quality caused by the oxygen concentration which cannot meet the process requirement after the tail gas is recovered in the prior art is avoided;
(3) the tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system of the utility model is flexible to use, and the user can adjust pertinence according to different use situations, thus realizing the cost minimization of recovery and oxygen utilization;
(4) the utility model discloses a tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system has good whole leakproofness, has avoided the oxygen concentration decline problem that the air admission caused.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system of the kiln of the embodiment includes a tail gas collection system 1 and a tail gas treatment system (including a dust treatment system 2, a first purification system 3, a fractionation system 4 and a gas mixing system 5 which are connected in sequence) which are connected in sequence through a pipeline; the gas inlet of the tail gas collecting system 1 is communicated with the gas outlet of the kiln 8, and the gas outlet of the gas mixing system 5 is communicated with the gas inlet of the kiln 8 through a gas storage tank; the tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system also comprises a second purification system 6 which is also communicated with the air inlet of the fractionation system 4, and the air inlet of the second purification system 6 is communicated with the atmosphere; the tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system also comprises a pure oxygen supply system 7 which is also communicated with the gas inlet of the gas mixing system 5; the gas outlet of the first purification system 3 is also directly connected with the gas inlet of the gas mixing system 5; the tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system further comprises a first heat exchange device, namely a first heat exchanger 11, the tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system comprises two gas passages capable of exchanging heat mutually, one of the gas passages is communicated with a gas outlet of the tail gas collecting system 1 and a gas inlet of the dust treatment system 2, the other gas passage is communicated with a gas outlet of the gas mixing system 5 and a gas inlet of the kiln 8, the heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat of exhaust and gas inlet of the kiln 8, the exhaust of the kiln 8 is cooled, the gas inlet of the kiln 8 is preheated and heated, and a pressurizer 17 is connected behind the first heat exchanger 11 and used for pressurizing the tail gas after heat exchange and cooling.
The tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system consists of a plurality of gas pipelines connected with a plurality of exhaust ports of the kiln 8, the gas pipelines are directly connected with the exhaust ports through gas valves 12 made of ceramic materials, and the gas valves 12 are butterfly valves or gate valves; the dust treatment system 2 comprises a spray tower 13, a gas inlet of the spray tower 13 is connected with a gas pipeline of the tail gas collection system 1, and a liquid outlet of the spray tower 13 leads to a wastewater treatment station 14; the first purification system 3 and the second purification system 6 both comprise a pressurized precooling system 9 and an adsorption system 10, the pressurized precooling system 9 of the first purification system 3 comprises a condenser 15, a filter 16, a pressurizer 17 and a condenser 15 which are connected in sequence, the pressurized precooling system 9 of the second purification system 6 comprises the filter 16, the pressurizer 17 and the condenser 15 which are connected in sequence, and the adsorption system 10 comprises a molecular sieve 18; the fractionation system 4 comprises a fractionation tower 19 capable of outputting pure oxygen gas, liquid oxygen and other gases, a turboexpander 20 and a third heat exchange device (i.e. a third heat exchanger 21), wherein the third heat exchanger 21 exchanges heat between the gas entering the fractionation tower 19 and the gas exiting the fractionation tower 19; the pure oxygen supply system 7 comprises a liquid oxygen storage tank 22 and a vaporizer 23 which are connected, wherein a liquid oxygen inlet of the liquid oxygen storage tank 22 is communicated with a liquid oxygen outlet of the fractionating tower 19, and can be supplemented by purchasing liquid oxygen from the outside; the gas mixing system 5 includes a gas mixer 24, and an oxygen analyzer 25 and a flow meter 26 provided on all of the inlet and outlet pipes of the gas mixer 24. The user can adjust the intake air volume of each intake duct by reading the oxygen content meter 25 and flow meter 26 on each intake duct and the final oxygen concentration and flow rate required to the furnace 8. The second heat exchange device (namely, the second heat exchanger 27) capable of absorbing the heat inside the kiln 8 is further sleeved on the outer side of the tail end of the kiln 8, the second heat exchanger 27 also comprises an air passage inside, the air passage is communicated with the air outlet of the first heat exchanger 11 and the air inlet of the kiln 8, and the second heat exchanger 27 transfers the heat of the kiln 8 to the air passage inside the second heat exchanger for preheating and warming the air inlet of the kiln 8.
In actual use, a user can determine the use mode of the tail gas recovery and waste heat utilization system according to the actual starting number of the kilns 8 in a factory, and when the kilns 8 for production are fewer, the kilns 8 can be supplied with oxygen by purchasing liquid oxygen outside the pure oxygen supply system 7; when opening 8 kilns when quantity is more, open the tail gas recovery and the waste heat utilization system of this embodiment, the tail gas that collects from 8 gas vents of kiln earlier through 11 heat exchanges of first heat exchanger and reduce the temperature, after the pressurizer 17 pressurizers, spray through spray column 13 of dust processing system 2 again and wash away smoke and dust and some gas, remove water through the condenser 15 condensation of first purification system 3 again, filter 16 filters, pressurizer 17 pressurization, condenser 15 condenses the dehydration once more, molecular sieve 18 adsorbs behind carbon dioxide and the water according to the actual 8 aerobic condition of kiln divide two routes to go: one path of the liquid oxygen is sent to a fractionation system 4, is cooled in advance through a third heat exchanger 21, is subjected to cryogenic treatment through a fractionation tower 19 to obtain liquid oxygen, and is subjected to heat exchange through the third heat exchanger 21 and pressurization through a pressurizer 17 and then is sent to a gas mixing system 5 (the liquid oxygen can also be stored in a liquid oxygen storage tank 22 of a pure oxygen supply system 7); the other is directed to gas mixer 24. A user adjusts the volume distribution of the two paths of gases according to the specific requirements on the oxygen atmosphere in the kiln 8 during working and the readings of each oxygen analyzer 25 and each flow meter 26, and can open the pure oxygen supply system 7 or the second purification system 6 to supply 99.9% of pure oxygen to the gas mixing system 5 if necessary (the second purification system 6 is opened under the condition of large supply gas demand, and the pure oxygen supply system 7 can be opened to supply oxygen through purchased liquid oxygen if the supply gas demand is not large) so as to improve the oxygen concentration and flow of the recovered gas, realize the minimization of oxygen cost, and the recovered high-oxygen-content gas enters the kiln 8 again after being subjected to heat exchange and temperature rise through the first heat exchanger 11 and the second heat exchanger 27 for utilization.
The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For those skilled in the art, the modifications and changes obtained without departing from the technical idea of the present invention shall be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.