CN111471500A - System and process method for purifying methane by single-stage membrane separation method - Google Patents

System and process method for purifying methane by single-stage membrane separation method Download PDF

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CN111471500A
CN111471500A CN202010291150.8A CN202010291150A CN111471500A CN 111471500 A CN111471500 A CN 111471500A CN 202010291150 A CN202010291150 A CN 202010291150A CN 111471500 A CN111471500 A CN 111471500A
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biogas
gas
compressor
pipeline
communicated
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雷文胜
阳红
黄飚
易卫华
许�鹏
刘军
黄杰
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Csic Environment Engineering Co ltd
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Csic Environment Engineering Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B01D53/229—Integrated processes (Diffusion and at least one other process, e.g. adsorption, absorption)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
    • C10L3/102—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants
    • C10L3/103—Sulfur containing contaminants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
    • C10L3/102—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants
    • C10L3/104—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
    • C10L3/106—Removal of contaminants of water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/05—Biogas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a process method for purifying methane by a single-stage membrane separation method2The invention discloses a recovery device, and relates to the technical field of biogas purification. The system and the process method for purifying the biogas by the single-stage membrane separation method can realize that all equipment is arranged in one or two containers, have small floor area, convenient installation and transportation, convenient operation and maintenance, lower energy consumption, high equipment stability and high automation degree, can deal with biogas purification projects of different scales by automatically controlling the number of membrane components, and can deal with the biogas purification projects of different scales by a primary membraneSimultaneously obtaining high content of CH4And CO2After separation by membrane CH4The content of (A) is more than 97%.

Description

System and process method for purifying methane by single-stage membrane separation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biogas purification, in particular to a system and a process method for purifying biogas by a single-stage membrane separation method.
Background
The marsh gas is generated by anaerobic fermentation of organic biomass, is a precious renewable clean energy source, and comprises CH4(50％-75％)、CO2(25% -45%) and a small amount of H2O、N2、O2、H2、H2S, and the like. Introducing CO2And other impurities are separated from the mixed gas to obtain high-purity methane, the components of which are almost the same as those of petrochemical natural gas and are called as biological natural gas. Since biogas can be directly used as an alternative fuel for petrochemical natural gas, the development of biogas has become an important direction for increasing the supply of natural gas. The biogas can be used in high-value utilization by purifying biogas, and can be compressed and used in the fields of vehicle fuel, natural gas pipe network integration, cogeneration, fuel cells, chemical raw materials and the like.
The prior process methods for purifying the methane comprise a chemical absorption method, a pressure swing adsorption method, a water washing method, a membrane separation method and the like, wherein the equipment and the process of the chemical absorption method, the pressure swing adsorption method and the water washing method are mature, the market share in the field of methane purification exceeds 90 percent, but the methods have the problems of high investment cost, high operation cost, high maintenance cost, large occupied area, environmental pollution, low methane purity and the like. The membrane separation method has the advantages of low investment cost, simple operation, high equipment stability, small occupied area, no sewage generation, no need of adding chemical agents and CH4High recovery rate and can respectively obtain CH with higher purity4And CO2And the like, but is limited by the restriction of a core component (a methane separation membrane) of the membrane separation method, and the single-stage membrane separation method cannot realize stabilityThe existing technology for preparing the biological natural gas by methane membrane purification adopts a multi-stage membrane separation technology, and the multi-stage membrane separation inevitably brings higher investment and operation cost, so that a complete system for preparing the biological natural gas by methane purification based on a single-stage membrane separation method and a process method for methane purification thereof are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a system and a process method for purifying methane by a single-stage membrane separation method, which utilize a pressure swing adsorption method to primarily purify the methane and a membrane separation method to deeply purify the methane, solve the defects of the prior traditional methane purification technology, so as to overcome the defects of higher investment cost, higher operating cost, high maintenance cost, large occupied area, environmental pollution and the like, the method has the advantages that the treatment effect, the investment and the operation cost are superior to those of a pure pressure swing adsorption method or a multistage membrane separation method under the same scale, the solution for preparing the biogas with lower investment cost, simple operation, high equipment stability, small occupied area, environmental friendliness, high purity of purified methane and the like is realized, the biogas purification device based on the membrane separation method in the market is realized through a two-stage or three-stage membrane component, and the CH is separated through the pressure swing adsorption method and single-stage membrane separation.4And CO2。
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a single-stage membrane separation biogas purification system comprises an oxygen generator, an anaerobic tank, a cold dryer I, a centrifugal fan, an activated carbon filter I, a compressor I, a pressure swing adsorption device, a compressor II, a cold dryer II, a heat exchanger, an oil filter, an activated carbon filter II, a particulate matter filter, a membrane component and CO2The recovery device comprises an oxygen generator, wherein the gas outlet of the oxygen generator is communicated with the gas inlet of the anaerobic tank through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the anaerobic tank is communicated with the gas inlet of the cold dryer I through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the cold dryer I is communicated with the gas inlet of the centrifugal fan through a pipeline, and the gas outlet of the centrifugal fan is communicated with the gas inlet of the activated carbon filter I through a pipelineThe air inlet intercommunication of active carbon filter I, the gas outlet of active carbon filter I passes through the air inlet intercommunication of pipeline with compressor I, and the gas outlet of compressor I passes through the air inlet intercommunication of pipeline with pressure swing adsorption device.
The waste gas outlet end of the pressure swing adsorption device is communicated with CO through a pipeline2The air inlet of the recovery device is communicated, the gas output end of the pressure swing adsorption device is communicated with the air inlet of the compressor II through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the compressor II is communicated with the air inlet of the cold dryer II through a pipeline, the heat exchanger is connected with a hot cooling liquid pipeline from the compressor II through a cooling liquid pipeline, the air outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with the air inlet of the oil filter through a pipeline, the air outlet of the oil filter is communicated with the air inlet of the activated carbon filter II through a pipeline, the air outlet of the activated carbon filter II is communicated with the air inlet of the particulate filter through a pipeline, and the gas outlet of the particulate filter is communicated with the gas inlet of the membrane component through a pipeline, the gas output from the permeation gas port of the membrane component is circularly returned to the gas inlet end of the compressor I, and the gas output from the residual permeation gas port of the membrane component is output as product gas.
Preferably, the compressor I is of the piston compressor type and the compressor II is of the oil-injected screw compressor type.
Preferably, the membrane module has only one stage and is formed by connecting a plurality of hollow fiber membranes in parallel, and the membrane module has three interfaces which are respectively an air inlet, an air permeation port and an excess air permeation port.
Preferably, the membrane module membrane is made of polyimide.
The invention also discloses a process method for purifying the methane by using the single-stage membrane separation method methane purification system, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, high-purity oxygen generated in the oxygen generator enters an anaerobic tank, pre-desulfurization treatment is carried out on biogas, the biogas generated in the anaerobic tank is output to a refrigeration dryer I, the dew point of the biogas is reduced, and therefore saturated water vapor in the biogas is removed;
s2, and then the biogas output by the cold dryer I is processed by a centrifugal fanAfter being pre-pressurized, the gas is sent to an active carbon filter I to remove suspended particulate impurities and H in the biogas2S and VOC impurity gases, and biogas output by the activated carbon filter I enters the compressor I to be compressed;
s3 CH in gas output by pressure swing adsorption device4The purity of the product reaches 80-90 percent, so that most of CO is generated2Separated out, the output gas is passed through CO2Recovery unit is to CO2Purifying and recovering to obtain CO meeting the industrial standard2In the product, simultaneously, methane output by the pressure swing adsorption device enters a compressor II for compression, and the compressor II is connected with an external air-cooled or water-cooled cooler through a cooling liquid pipeline, so that lubricating oil can be cooled for the compressor II;
s4, after the temperature reduction treatment in the step S3, the temperature of the biogas is reduced from 70-80 ℃ to 5-10 ℃, condensed water is discharged from a water outlet of the cold dryer II, and the temperature of the biogas is increased from 5-10 ℃ to 40 ℃ by utilizing waste heat so as to meet the temperature requirement of entering a biogas separation membrane.
S5, connecting the heat exchanger with a hot cooling liquid pipeline from the compressor II through a cooling liquid pipeline, and enabling the marsh gas output by the heat exchanger to enter an oil filter, an active carbon filter II and a particulate filter in sequence to remove oil and fine particulate impurities in the compressed marsh gas, so that all indexes of the marsh gas reach the design standard of the membrane separation device;
s6, enabling biogas output from the particulate filter to enter an air inlet of the membrane module, circularly returning gas output from a permeation gas port of the membrane module to an air inlet end of the compressor I, outputting gas output from a residual permeation gas port of the membrane module as product gas, and purifying CH in the obtained biogas4The purity of the product reaches more than 97 percent, CH4The loss rate is less than 0.5 percent, and the purified and purified biogas is merged into the existing natural gas pipe network or is pressurized again to CNG for use as vehicle fuel.
Preferably, the biogas pressure after the centrifugal fan is pre-pressurized in the step S2 is 5-10 kPa.
Preferably, the pressure of the biogas compressed by the compressor i in the step S2 is 0.5 to 1 MPa.
Preferably, the pressure of the biogas compressed by the compressor ii in the step S3 is 1.2-1.6 MPa.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a system and a process method for purifying methane by a single-stage membrane separation method. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects: the system and the process method for purifying the methane by the single-stage membrane separation method solve the defects of the traditional methane purification technology by primarily purifying the methane by using the pressure swing adsorption method and deeply purifying the methane by using the membrane separation method, overcome the defects of higher investment cost, higher operation cost, high maintenance cost, large occupied area, environmental pollution and the like, and have better treatment effect, investment and operation cost than those of a pure pressure swing adsorption method or a multistage membrane separation method on the same scale4And CO2The device can be used for loading all equipment in one or two containers, has small occupied area, convenient installation and convenient transportation, convenient operation and maintenance, lower energy consumption, high equipment stability and high automation degree, can deal with biogas purification projects of different scales by automatically controlling the number of membrane components, and can simultaneously obtain high-content CH (CH) through the primary membrane4And CO2After separation by membrane CH4The content of the biogas reaches more than 97 percent, meets the national natural gas standard, can be incorporated into a natural gas pipe network or used as vehicle fuel, and improves the utilization efficiency of the biogas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a membrane module of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 oxygen generator, 2 anaerobic tank, 3 cold dryer I, 4 centrifugal fan, 5 active carbon filter I, 6 compressor I, 7 pressure swing adsorption device, 8 compressor II, 9 cold dryer II, 10 heat exchanger, 11 oil filter, 12 active carbon filter II, 13 particulate matter filter, 14 membrane component, 15CO2And (5) a recovery device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a technical solution: a single-stage membrane separation biogas purification system comprises an oxygen generator 1, an anaerobic tank 2, a cold dryer I3, a centrifugal fan 4, an activated carbon filter I5, a compressor I6, a pressure swing adsorption device 7, a compressor II 8, a cold dryer II 9, a heat exchanger 10, an oil filter 11, an activated carbon filter II 12, a particulate filter 13, a membrane component 14 and CO2Recovery unit 15, the gas outlet of oxygenerator 1 passes through the air inlet intercommunication of pipeline and anaerobic jar 2, and the gas outlet of anaerobic jar 2 passes through the air inlet intercommunication of pipeline and cold machine I3 of doing, the gas outlet of cold machine I3 passes through the air inlet intercommunication of pipeline and centrifugal fan 4, and the gas outlet of centrifugal fan 4 passes through the air inlet intercommunication of pipeline and active carbon filter I5, the gas outlet of active carbon filter I5 passes through the air inlet intercommunication of pipeline and compressor I6, and the gas outlet of compressor I6 passes through the air inlet intercommunication of pipeline and pressure swing adsorption equipment 7.
The waste gas outlet end of the pressure swing adsorption device 7 is communicated with CO through a pipeline2The air inlet of the recovery device 15 is communicated, the gas output end of the pressure swing adsorption device 7 is communicated with the air inlet of the compressor II 8 through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the compressor II 8 is communicated with the air inlet of the cold dryer II 9 through a pipeline, the heat exchanger 10 is connected with a hot cooling liquid pipeline coming out of the compressor II 8 through a cooling liquid pipeline, the gas outlet of the heat exchanger 10 is communicated with the gas inlet of the oil filter 11 through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the oil filter 11 is communicated with the gas inlet of the activated carbon filter II 12 through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the activated carbon filter II 12 is communicated with the gas inlet of the particulate matter filter 13 through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the particulate matter filter 13 is communicated with the gas inlet of the membrane component 14 through a pipeline, and gas output from a permeation gas port of the membrane component 14And the gas that the surplus gas mouth of membrane module 14 outputs as the product gas, the type of compressor I6 is the piston compressor, and the type of compressor II 8 is the oil injection screw compressor, and membrane module 14 has one stage only, is formed by connecting in parallel several hollow fiber membranes, and membrane module 14 has three interfaces, is respectively air inlet, oozes ventilative mouth and surplus gas mouth, and the material of membrane module 14 membrane is polyimide.
The invention also discloses a process method for purifying the methane by using the single-stage membrane separation method methane purification system, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, high-purity oxygen generated in the oxygen generator 1 enters the anaerobic tank 2, the biogas is subjected to pre-desulfurization treatment, and then the biogas generated in the anaerobic tank 2 is output to the cold dryer I3, so that the dew point of the biogas is reduced, and saturated water vapor in the biogas is removed;
s2, pre-pressurizing the biogas output by the cold dryer I3 through a centrifugal fan 4, and then sending the biogas to an activated carbon filter I5 to remove suspended particulate impurities and H in the biogas2S and VOC impurity gases, wherein biogas output by the activated carbon filter I5 enters a compressor I6 to be compressed, the biogas pressure after the pre-pressurization of the centrifugal fan 4 is 5-10 kPa, and the biogas pressure after the compression of the compressor I6 is 0.5-1 MPa;
s3 CH in gas output by pressure swing adsorption device 74The purity of the product reaches 80-90 percent, so that most of CO is generated2Separated out, the output gas is passed through CO2Recovery unit 15 pairs of CO2Purifying and recovering to obtain CO meeting the industrial standard2Meanwhile, biogas output by the pressure swing adsorption device 7 enters a compressor II 8 to be compressed, the compressor II 8 is connected with an external air-cooled or water-cooled cooler through a cooling liquid pipeline, lubricating oil can be cooled for the compressor II 8, and the pressure of the biogas compressed by the compressor II 8 is 1.2-1.6 MPa;
s4, after the temperature reduction treatment in the step S3, the temperature of the biogas is reduced from 70-80 ℃ to 5-10 ℃, condensed water is discharged from a water outlet of the cold dryer II 9, and the temperature of the biogas is increased from 5-10 ℃ to 40 ℃ by utilizing waste heat so as to meet the temperature requirement of entering a biogas separation membrane.
S5, connecting the heat exchanger 10 with a hot cooling liquid pipeline from the compressor II 8 through a cooling liquid pipeline, and enabling the marsh gas output by the heat exchanger 10 to enter an oil filter 11, an active carbon filter II 12 and a particulate filter 13 in sequence to remove oil and fine particulate impurities in the compressed marsh gas, so that all indexes of the marsh gas reach the design standard of the membrane separation device;
s6, enabling the biogas output from the particulate filter 13 to enter an air inlet of the membrane module 14, circularly returning the gas output from a permeation gas port of the membrane module 14 to an air inlet end of the compressor I6, outputting the gas output from a residual permeation gas port of the membrane module 14 as product gas, and purifying to obtain CH in the biogas4The purity of the product reaches more than 97 percent, CH4The loss rate is less than 0.5 percent, and the purified and purified biogas is merged into the existing natural gas pipe network or is pressurized again to CNG for use as vehicle fuel.
In conclusion, the invention utilizes the pressure swing adsorption method to primarily purify the methane and the membrane separation method to deeply purify the methane, overcomes the defects of the traditional methane purification technology, overcomes the defects of higher investment cost, higher operation cost, high maintenance cost, large occupied area, environmental pollution and the like, has better treatment effect, investment and operation cost than the pure pressure swing adsorption method or the multistage membrane separation method under the same scale, and realizes the CH separation by the pressure swing adsorption method and the single-stage membrane separation method4And CO2The device can be installed in one or two containers, the occupied area is small, the installation is convenient, the transportation is convenient, the operation and the maintenance are convenient, the energy consumption is low, the stability of the device is high, the automation degree is high, the number of the membrane assemblies 14 can be automatically controlled to deal with biogas purification projects of different scales, and high-content CH can be obtained through the primary membrane4And CO2After separation by membrane CH4The content of the biogas reaches more than 97 percent, meets the national natural gas standard, can be incorporated into a natural gas pipe network or used as vehicle fuel, and improves the utilization efficiency of the biogas.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A system for purifying methane by a single-stage membrane separation method is characterized in that: comprises an oxygen generator (1), an anaerobic tank (2), a cold dryer I (3), a centrifugal fan (4), an activated carbon filter I (5), a compressor I (6), a pressure swing adsorption device (7), a compressor II (8), a cold dryer II (9), a heat exchanger (10), an oil filter (11), an activated carbon filter II (12), a particulate filter (13), a membrane component (14) and CO2The gas outlet of the oxygen generator (1) is communicated with the gas inlet of the anaerobic tank (2) through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the anaerobic tank (2) is communicated with the gas inlet of the cold dryer I (3) through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the cold dryer I (3) is communicated with the gas inlet of the centrifugal fan (4) through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the centrifugal fan (4) is communicated with the gas inlet of the activated carbon filter I (5) through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the activated carbon filter I (5) is communicated with the gas inlet of the compressor I (6) through a pipeline, and the gas outlet of the compressor I (6) is communicated with the gas inlet of the pressure swing adsorption device (7) through a pipeline;
the waste gas outlet end of the pressure swing adsorption device (7) is communicated with CO through a pipeline2The air inlet of the recovery device (15) is communicated, and the gas output end of the pressure swing adsorption device (7) is communicated with the air inlet of the compressor II (8) through a pipelineThe air outlet of the compressor II (8) is communicated with the air inlet of the cold dryer II (9) through a pipeline, and the heat exchanger (10) is connected with a hot cooling liquid pipeline from the compressor II (8) through a cooling liquid pipeline, the air outlet of the heat exchanger (10) is communicated with the air inlet of the oil filter (11) through a pipeline, and the air outlet of the oil filter (11) is communicated with the air inlet of the activated carbon filter II (12) through a pipeline, the air outlet of the active carbon filter II (12) is communicated with the air inlet of the particulate filter (13) through a pipeline, and the air outlet of the particulate filter (13) is communicated with the air inlet of the membrane component (14) through a pipeline, and gas output from a permeation gas port of the membrane module (14) is circularly returned to a gas inlet end of the compressor I (6), and gas output from a residual gas permeation port of the membrane module (14) is output as product gas.
2. The system for purifying the biogas by the single-stage membrane separation method according to claim 1, wherein: the compressor I (6) is of the piston type, and the compressor II (8) is of the oil injection screw compressor type.
3. The system for purifying the biogas by the single-stage membrane separation method according to claim 1, wherein: the membrane component (14) is only provided with one stage and is formed by connecting a plurality of hollow fiber membranes in parallel, and the membrane component (14) is provided with three interfaces which are respectively an air inlet, an air permeation port and an excess air permeation port.
4. The system for purifying the biogas by the single-stage membrane separation method according to claim 1, wherein: the membrane of the membrane component (14) is made of polyimide.
5. The process method for purifying the biogas by using the single-stage membrane separation method biogas purification system of any one of claims 1 to 4 is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, high-purity oxygen generated in the oxygen generator (1) enters the anaerobic tank (2), pre-desulfurization treatment is carried out on the biogas, the biogas generated in the anaerobic tank (2) is output to the cold dryer I (3), the dew point of the biogas is reduced, and therefore saturated water vapor in the biogas is removed;
s2, pre-pressurizing the marsh gas output by the cold dryer I (3) through a centrifugal fan (4), and sending the marsh gas to an activated carbon filter I (5) to remove suspended particulate impurities and H in the marsh gas2S and VOC impurity gases, and biogas output by the activated carbon filter I (5) enters a compressor I (6) to be compressed;
s3, CH in gas output by the pressure swing adsorption device (7)4The purity of the product reaches 80-90 percent, so that most of CO is generated2Separated out, the output gas is passed through CO2Recovery device (15) for CO2Purifying and recovering to obtain CO meeting the industrial standard2Meanwhile, biogas output by the pressure swing adsorption device (7) enters a compressor II (8) to be compressed, and the compressor II (8) is connected with an external air-cooled or water-cooled cooler through a cooling liquid pipeline, so that lubricating oil cooling can be performed on the compressor II (8);
s4, after the temperature reduction treatment in the step S3, the temperature of the biogas is reduced from 70-80 ℃ to 5-10 ℃, condensed water is discharged from a water outlet of the cold dryer II (9), and the temperature of the biogas is increased from 5-10 ℃ to 40 ℃ by utilizing waste heat so as to meet the temperature requirement of entering a biogas separation membrane.
S5, connecting the heat exchanger (10) with a hot cooling liquid pipeline from the compressor II (8) through a cooling liquid pipeline, enabling the marsh gas output by the heat exchanger (10) to enter an oil filter (11), an active carbon filter II (12) and a particulate filter (13) in sequence, and removing oil and fine particulate impurities in the compressed marsh gas, so that all indexes of the marsh gas reach the design standard of the membrane separation device;
s6, enabling the biogas output from the particulate filter (13) to enter an air inlet of a membrane module (14), circularly returning the gas output from a permeation air port of the membrane module (14) to an air inlet end of a compressor I (6), outputting the gas output from a residual permeation air port of the membrane module (14) as product gas, and purifying CH in the obtained biogas4The purity of the product reaches more than 97 percent, CH4The loss rate is less than 0.5 percent, and the purified and purified biogas is merged into the existing natural gas pipe network or is pressurized again to CNG for use as vehicle fuel.
6. The process of claim 5 for purifying biogas by using a single-stage membrane separation biogas purification system, wherein the process comprises: the biogas pressure after the centrifugal fan (4) is pre-pressurized in the step S2 is 5-10 kPa.
7. The process method for purifying the biogas by using the single-stage membrane separation biogas purification system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the process method comprises the following steps: the pressure of the biogas compressed by the compressor I (6) in the step S2 is 0.5-1 MPa.
8. The process of claim 5 for purifying biogas by using a single-stage membrane separation biogas purification system, wherein the process comprises: and the pressure of the biogas compressed by the compressor II (8) in the step S3 is 1.2-1.6 MPa.
CN202010291150.8A 2020-04-14 2020-04-14 System and process method for purifying methane by single-stage membrane separation method Pending CN111471500A (en)

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