CN214626986U - Spin-orbit angular momentum coupled hybrid entangled state generation system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a spin-orbit angular momentum coupled mixed entanglement state generating system, which comprises a pump light source, a spin-orbit angular momentum coupled mixed entanglement state conversion unit, a signal photon sorting unit and a signal photon mode dispersion compensation unit. A mixed entangled-state conversion unit with spin-orbit angular momentum coupling obtains entangled-state photons; the sorting unit is used for sorting odd/even l value signal photons through a beam splitter, a Dff prism and a total reflection mirror; the signal photon mode dispersion compensation unit compensates the optical path difference of the selected signal photons through the polarization beam splitter, the electro-optical modulator and the total reflection mirror. The utility model discloses a do not produce the preparation of the mixed entanglement attitude photon of spin-orbit angular momentum coupling of modal dispersion in the transmission, reduced transmission system's cost, improved the efficiency of the mixed entanglement attitude photon of spin-orbit angular momentum coupling in practical application greatly.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the secret communication field of optical fiber communication and quantum, concretely relates to spin-orbital angular momentum coupled's mixture entangles attitude and produces system.
Background
Photons have multiple degrees of freedom, such as polarization, spin angular momentum, and orbital angular momentum. The spin angular momentum is related to the circular polarization state of the photon, the left-handed circular polarization state | L > (eigenvalue is
) And a right-hand circularly polarized state | R > (eigenvalue is
) A common two-dimensional hilbert space can be constructed using spin angular momentum, which is an eigenstate of the spin angular momentum operator. The orbital angular momentum is officially discovered at the end of the twentieth century and research proves that single photons contain determined orbital angular momentum
Is a characteristic quantum number of orbital angular momentum,
the value of (a) can be any integer. Of theoretical angular momentum of the track
The direct value is infinite, which means that encoding in infinite dimensional hilbert space using orbital angular momentum becomes possible. The single photon as the information carrier can realize high-dimensionality Hilbert space by modulating orbital angular momentumAnd (3) inter-coding, which greatly improves the amount of information that a single photon can carry. However, the requirement of orbital angular momentum on transmission is high, the existing optical fiber system is difficult to meet the transmission requirement of orbital angular momentum state photons, and the cost for constructing a specific optical fiber for transmission is high; because the photon in the orbital angular momentum state is sensitive to the change of atmospheric turbulence, the single photon state is easy to change when being transmitted in a free space, and therefore, how to stably transmit the photon carrying the orbital angular momentum is one of the hot areas of the current research.
Quantum entanglement refers to the phenomenon that physical properties of several particles are mutually integrated under certain action, individual properties cannot be described independently, and only overall properties can be described. Quantum entanglement constitutes an indispensable important resource and information carrier in modern quantum information technology. The photon source of the entangled state based on the physical characteristics plays an important role in various aspects of quantum information, such as quantum key distribution, quantum invisible state transfer, quantum computation and the like. The particles that constitute the entanglement can be of many types, such as atoms, ions, etc., but the entangled photons are more suitable for transmitting quantum information due to their unique transmission characteristics. The generalized entanglement not only exists between multiple photons, but also between different degrees of freedom of the same photon. Based on the analysis of the single photon spin-orbital angular momentum entangled state, the traditional limit of linear ultra-dense coding is broken.
Light waves of one frequency are incident into the fiber at different angles, forming different modes, each mode having a different axial velocity, and thus the different modes emitted simultaneously arrive at the output end at different times, resulting in distortion of the output end signal, which is a modal dispersion phenomenon. Modal dispersion greatly restricts the data transmission rate (bit rate). To avoid strong signal distortions, the pulses need to be long enough to maintain the time overlap between the different modes sufficiently, which inevitably also limits the data rate. In the field of quantum communication, if the photon of orbital angular momentum state is transmitted in the optical fiber, the difference isThe transmission of photons of different valuesThe optical path, and thus the modal dispersion, affects the reception and decoding of single photons by the receiving end. Therefore, if one wants to transmit photons carrying orbital angular momentum in an optical fiber, modal dispersion is a problem to be overcome.
Chinese patent CN201410361012 proposes a quantum key distribution method and system of spin-orbital angular momentum hybrid modulation, which realizes the large-capacity quantum key distribution by using a spin-orbital angular momentum hybrid entangled state, but the orbital angular momentum quantum state is prone to generate signal distortion during transmission.
Spin-orbit angular momentum coupled entangled-state photons have distinct characteristics and high practicability in quantum communication. A higher-dimensional Hilbert space can be constructed, high-dimensional quantum state (qudits) coding is realized, the coding and decoding capacity of a quantum channel can be improved, and the information security can be improved, so that the method plays an important role in the field of quantum information, such as quantum invisible state transfer, quantum key distribution, quantum computation and the like.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses aim at solving the technical problem in the above-mentioned correlation technique to a certain extent at least.
To this end, the present invention provides a spin-orbit angular momentum coupled hybrid entangled state generation method capable of generating entangled state photons that are resistant to modal dispersion.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: a spin-orbit angular momentum coupled hybrid entangled state generation system comprises a pumping light source, a spin-orbit angular momentum coupled hybrid entangled state conversion unit, a signal photon sorting unit and a signal photon mode dispersion compensation unit;
the pump light source is used for generating a continuous Gaussian beam;
the spin-orbit angular momentum coupled hybrid entangled state conversion unit is used for converting a single photon into a spin-orbit angular momentum hybrid entangled state, obtaining a spin-orbit angular momentum hybrid entangled photon pair, separating a signal photon from an idle photon, performing projection measurement on the entangled state of the idle photon, and feeding back a measurement result to the signal photon mode dispersion compensation unit;
above, the signal photons enter a signal photon sorting unit; the idle photons enter the spatial light modulator. The spatial light modulator and the single photon detector are configured to perform projection measurement on incoming idle photons and detect whether the quantum state of a signal photon changes.
The signal photon sorting unit is used for carrying out the input signal photons
Value sorting is carried out to obtain odd/even orbital angle dynamic value photon states which are distinguished on the polarization state;
the signal photon mode dispersion compensation unit is used for compensatingThe signal photons of even number add extra path difference to make them have AND
The odd-valued signal photons have the same phase;
further, the spin-orbit angular momentum coupled hybrid entangled-state conversion unit comprises a first lens, a second lens, a spontaneous parameter down-conversion device, a spatial light modulator and a single photon detector which are sequentially connected; the first lens is used for collimating the pump light; the second lens is used for focusing the collimated pump light; the spontaneous parameter down-conversion device is a periodically polarized potassium titanium oxygen phosphate crystal and is used for realizing the first type associated spontaneous parameter down-conversion of the focused pump light to generate entangled photon pairs with the same polarization state.
Further, the signal photon sorting unit comprises a first beam splitter, a first dove prism, a first total reflecting mirror, a second dove prism and a second beam splitter; the signal photons enter a signal photon sorting unit, and the first beam splitter divides the passing single photons into a first light beam and a second light beam; the first Duff prism and the first total reflector are sequentially arranged on a path where the first light beam is located; the second total reflection mirror and the second Dff prism are sequentially arranged on the path of the second light beam; and a second beam splitter is arranged at the intersection of the first light beam and the second light beam.
In the above, the beam splitting ratio of the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter is 50: 50.
Furthermore, the first dove prism and the second dove prism are arranged oppositely and have included angles in space.
Further, the signal photon mode dispersion compensation unit comprises a polarization beam splitter, a third total reflection mirror, a fourth total reflection mirror, an electro-optical modulator and a fifth total reflection mirror. The polarization beam splitter divides the single photon passing through into a first light beam and a second light beam; the third total reflector, the fourth total reflector, the electro-optic modulator and the fifth total reflector are sequentially arranged on a path where the first light beam is located; the fifth total reflector, the electro-optic modulator, the fourth total reflector and the third total reflector are sequentially arranged on the path of the second light beam;
further, the first total reflecting mirror, the second total reflecting mirror, the third total reflecting mirror, the fourth total reflecting mirror and the fifth total reflecting mirror are all total reflecting mirrors plated with high reflecting films.
Further, the action time of the electro-optical modulator is controlled by a clock pulse, the control effect of which is influenced by the feedback of the projection measurement result, wherein,
when signal photons with even number pass through the electro-optical modulator, the clock pulse triggers to change the refractive index of the crystal of the electro-optical modulator,
when signal photons with odd numbers pass through the electro-optical modulator, the clock pulse triggers the electro-optical modulator to enable the refractive index of the crystal of the electro-optical modulator not to change, and finally the output signal photons are obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses profitable technological effect lies in:
(1) the utility model discloses well purification characteristic and the separation characteristic of using davit prism have realized can steadily producing high-purity spin-orbit angular momentum mixing entanglement attitude photon and separate differentThe value of entangled photon makes full use of the high-dimensional quantum entanglement characteristic of the high-purity spin-orbit angular momentum mixed entangled state;
(2) the utility model discloses can modulate differentThe optical path difference between the values prevents modal dispersion during transmission;
(3) the utility model discloses a mix spin-orbit angular momentum and accord with the measured method and demodulate the information that entangle the photon pair, the photon high-usage can load high dimension quantum bit information.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the structure of a spin-orbit angular momentum coupled hybrid entangled state generating system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of the steps of a spin-orbit angular momentum coupled hybrid entangled state generation system of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
The system comprises a 10 pumping light source, a 11 spin-orbit angular momentum coupled mixed entangled state conversion unit, a 12 signal photon sorting unit and a 13 signal photon mode dispersion compensation unit;
110 first lens, 111 second lens, 113 spatial light modulator, 114 single photon detector;
120 a first beam splitter, 121 a first dove prism, 122 a first total reflection mirror, 123 a second total reflection mirror, 124 a second dove prism, 125 a second beam splitter;
130 polarization beam splitter, 131 third total reflection mirror, 132 fourth total reflection mirror, 133 electro-optical modulator, 134 fifth total reflection mirror.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a spin-orbit angular momentum coupled hybrid entangled state generating system includes a pump light source 10, a spin-orbit angular momentum coupled hybrid entangled state converting unit 11, a signal photon sorting unit 12, and a signal photon mode dispersion compensating unit 13.
The pump light source 10 is mainly used for generating a continuous gaussian beam required by the system as an input signal of the system. The spin-orbit angular momentum coupled hybrid entangled state conversion unit 11 is connected with the pump light source 10, and is used for converting a single photon into a spin-orbit angular momentum hybrid entangled state, obtaining a spin-orbit angular momentum entangled photon pair, and separating a signal photon from an idle photon. The signal photon sorting unit 12 is connected with the spin-orbit angular momentum coupled hybrid entangled state conversion unit 11 and is used for carrying out the input signal photon
Value sorting to obtain the odd/even orbital angular momentum value photon state. The signal photon mode dispersion compensation unit 13 is connected with the signal photon sorting unit 12 and is used for sorting the signal photons
The even-numbered signal photons are compensated for optical path difference to have a sum
The odd signal photons have the same phase to obtain the desired output photons.
The hybrid entangled-state conversion unit 11 with spin-orbit angular momentum coupling comprises a first lens 110, a second lens 111, a spontaneous parametric down-conversion device 112, a spatial light modulator 113 and a single photon detector 114 which are connected in sequence. The first lens 110 is used to collimate the pump light. The second lens 111 is used for focusing the collimated pump light. The spontaneous parameter down-conversion device 112 is a periodically polarized potassium titanium phosphate crystal, and the periodically polarized potassium titanium phosphate (PPKTP) crystal is an artificial crystal which does not exist naturally, and the characteristic of high nonlinear coefficient thereof can be used for realizing the first type associated spontaneous parameter down-conversion, and generating a spin-orbit angular momentum coupling entangled photon pair with the polarization direction being the same as the horizontal polarization state. The spatial light modulator 113 and the single photon detector 114 perform projection measurement on the idle photons generated by the spontaneous parameter down-conversion device, detect whether the quantum state of the signal photons changes, and feed back the measurement result to the signal photon mode dispersion compensation unit.
The signal photon sorting unit 12 includes a first beam splitter 120, a first duff prism 121, a first total reflection mirror 122, a second total reflection mirror 123, a second duff prism 124, and a second beam splitter 125. The first beam splitter 120 splits the signal photons generated by the spontaneous parametric down-conversion device into a first beam and a second beam, with a splitting ratio of 50: 50. the first dove prism 121 and the first total reflection mirror 122 are sequentially arranged on the path of the first light beam. The second total reflection mirror 123 and the second dove prism 124 are sequentially arranged on the path of the second light beam. The first light beam and the second light beam are respectively connected with a second beam splitter 125 through a first total reflection mirror 122 and a second dove prism 124, wherein the splitting ratio of the second beam splitter 125 is 50: 50. the relative angle α of the first dove prism 121 and the second dove prism 124 has a value of pi/2, and when the relative angle of the first dove prism and the second dove prism is α, the dove prism acts as a Beam Rotator (BR) with a rotation angle of 2 α added to the first Beam path, so that the Beam Rotator contains a phase term
The light beam of (A) produces a value of
Of which phase difference is large, wherein
The odd-numbered signal photons of the two beams produce a pi/2 phase difference such that the polarization state changes to the vertical polarization state when the second beam splitter 125 combines the beams, wherein
The even-numbered signal photons of the two paths of light beams generate pi phase difference, and the polarization state is kept unchanged when the second beam splitter 125 combines the beams. The first total reflecting mirror 122 and the second total reflecting mirror 123 are all total reflecting mirrors coated with high reflective films.
The signal photon mode dispersion compensation unit 13 includes a polarization beam splitter 130, a third total reflection mirror 131, a fourth total reflection mirror 132, an electro-optical modulator 133, and a fifth total reflection mirror 134. The polarization beam splitter 130 splits the single photon passing through it into a first beam and a second beam according to the polarization state of the single photon entering the first beam and the second beam, wherein
The odd-valued signal photons act as the first beam,
signal photons of even number are used as the second beam. The third total reflector 131, the fourth total reflector 132, the electro-optic modulator 133 and the fifth total reflector 134 are sequentially arranged on the path of the first light beam, and the fifth total reflector 134, the electro-optic modulator 133, the fourth total reflector 132 and the third total reflector 131 are sequentially arranged on the path of the second light beam;
the electro-optical modulator is composed of lithium niobate crystal, and is controlled by clock pulse generated by projection measurement feedback to achieve electro-optical modulation effect
When signal photons with even number pass through the electro-optical modulator, the refractive index of the crystal of the electro-optical modulator changes, and
when signal photons with odd number pass through the electro-optical modulator, the refractive index of the crystal of the electro-optical modulator is not changed, so that the signal photons with odd number pass through the electro-optical modulatorOdd-valued signal photons,
The signal photons with even number are controlled by the electro-optical modulator to generate a certain optical path difference, so that mode dispersion is prevented, and finally the output signal photons are obtained.
The utility model discloses produce the concrete theory of operation of system as follows:
step 201: in the system, a pump light source 10 generates a continuous Gaussian beam;
step 202: the gaussian beam enters the spin-orbit angular momentum coupled hybrid entangled-state transforming unit 11, and passes through the first lens 110 and the second lens 111 in sequence. The first lens 110 is used to collimate the pump light. The second lens 111 is used to focus the pump light. Then, the light is emitted from the second lens 111 and enters the spontaneous parameter down-conversion device 112, and after the light is down-converted by the first type of spontaneous parameter associated with the spontaneous parameter down-conversion device, the incident Gaussian light is converted into a form of a mixed entangled-state photon pair with the spin-orbit angular momentum having the same polarization state as the horizontal polarization state
Wherein, | H>In order to be an operator of the horizontal polarization state,
a, B represent the signal photon and the idle photon, respectively, for the orbital angular momentum operator. The idle photon B enters the spatial light modulator 113 and the single photon detector 114 to perform projection measurement on an entangled state, and a measurement result is fed back to the signal photon mode dispersion compensation unit;
step 203: signal photon a enters the signal lightThe sub-sorting unit 12. The signal photons are split into a first beam and a second beam by the first beam splitter 120, and the first beam sequentially passes through the first dove prism 121 and the first total reflection mirror 122 to enter the second beam splitter 125. The second light beam enters the second beam splitter 125 through the second total reflection mirror 123 and the second dove prism 124 in sequence. Wherein the change in polarization state is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the characteristic quantum number of orbital angular momentum, alpha is the relative angle of the first and second dove prisms and
the odd-numbered signal photons of the two beams produce a pi/2 phase difference such that when they enter the second beam splitter 125 and are combined, their polarization state changes to the vertical polarization state | V>WhereinWhen the even-number signal photon two-path light beam generates pi phase difference and enters the second beam splitter 125 for beam combination, the polarization state of the signal photon two-path light beam keeps horizontal polarization state | H>And is not changed.
Step 204: after passing through the signal photon sorting unit 12, the signal photons enter the signal photon mode dispersion compensation unit 13. WhereinOdd-valued vertical polarization state | V>The signal photons are reflected at the polarization beam splitter 130, pass through the third total reflection mirror 131, the fourth total reflection mirror 132 in sequence, and have an initial refractive index n1The electro-optical modulator 133 and the fifth total reflection mirror 134, which are divided by polarizationReflected output from beam splitter 130 with an optical path length LMagic card＝nL1+nL2+n1Ld+nL3。
Horizontal polarization state | H with even number>The signal photons are transmitted at the polarization beam splitter 130, pass through the fifth total reflection mirror 134 in sequence, and have refractive index n after modulation2The electro-optical modulator 133, the fourth total reflection mirror 132 and the third total reflection mirror 131 are transmitted and output by the polarization beam splitter 130, and the optical path thereof is LDoll＝nL3+n2Ld+nL2+nL1。
Odd-valued signal photons and
the even-numbered signal photons produce an optical path difference Δ L ═ LDoll-LMagic card＝n2Ld-n1Ld。
In step 204, the signal photon mode dispersion compensation unit adjusts the electro-optical modulator to realize dispersion compensation according to the measurement result fed back by the spin-orbit angular momentum coupled hybrid entangled-state conversion unit.
The utility model discloses a do not produce the preparation of the mixed entanglement attitude photon of spin-orbit angular momentum coupling of modal dispersion in the transmission, reduced transmission system's cost, improved the efficiency of the mixed entanglement attitude photon of spin-orbit angular momentum coupling in practical application greatly.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, in light of the above teachings and teachings. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and changes to the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (9)
1. A spin-orbit angular momentum coupled hybrid entangled state generation system is characterized by comprising a pump light source, a spin-orbit angular momentum coupled hybrid entangled state conversion unit, a signal photon sorting unit and a signal photon mode dispersion compensation unit;
the pump light source is used for generating a continuous Gaussian beam;
the spin-orbit angular momentum coupled hybrid entangled state conversion unit is used for converting a single photon into a spin-orbit angular momentum hybrid entangled state, obtaining a spin-orbit angular momentum hybrid entangled photon pair, separating a signal photon from an idle photon, and performing projection measurement on the entangled state of the idle photon;
the signal photon sorting unit is used for carrying out the input signal photons
Value sorting is carried out to obtain odd/even orbital angle dynamic value photon states which are distinguished on the polarization state;
the signal photon mode dispersion compensation unit is used for compensating
The signal photons of even number add extra path difference to make them have AND
The odd-valued signal photons have the same phase.
2. The hybrid entangled-state generation system according to claim 1, wherein the spin-orbit angular-momentum coupled hybrid entangled-state conversion unit comprises a first lens, a second lens, a spontaneous parametric down-conversion device, a spatial light modulator and a single photon detector connected in sequence; the first lens is used for collimating the pump light; the second lens is used for focusing the pump light; the spontaneous parameter down-conversion device is a periodically polarized potassium titanium oxygen phosphate crystal and is used for realizing the first type associated spontaneous parameter down-conversion.
3. The hybrid entangled state generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal photons enter a signal photon sorting unit; the idle photons enter a spatial light modulator; the spatial light modulator and the single photon detector are configured to perform projection measurement on incoming idle photons, detect whether the quantum state of the signal photons changes, and feed back the measurement results to the signal photon mode dispersion compensation unit.
4. The hybrid entangled state generating system according to claim 3, wherein the signal photon sorting unit comprises a first beam splitter, a first dove prism, a first total reflecting mirror, a second dove prism, and a second beam splitter; the signal photons enter a signal photon sorting unit, and the first beam splitter divides the passing single photons into a first light beam and a second light beam; the first Duff prism and the first total reflector are sequentially arranged on a path where the first light beam is located; the second total reflection mirror and the second Dff prism are sequentially arranged on the path of the second light beam; and a second beam splitter is arranged at the intersection of the first light beam and the second light beam.
5. The hybrid entangled state generation system according to claim 4, wherein the first and second beam splitters have a splitting ratio of 50: 50.
6. The hybrid entangled state generation system according to claim 4, wherein the first and second dove prisms are oppositely disposed and have an included angle in space.
7. The hybrid entangled state generation system according to claim 4, wherein the signal photon mode dispersion compensation unit comprises a polarization beam splitter, a third total reflection mirror, a fourth total reflection mirror, an electro-optical modulator, and a fifth total reflection mirror; the polarization beam splitter divides the single photon passing through into a first light beam and a second light beam; the third total reflector, the fourth total reflector, the electro-optic modulator and the fifth total reflector are sequentially arranged on a path where the first light beam is located; and the fifth total reflector, the electro-optical modulator, the fourth total reflector and the third total reflector are sequentially arranged on the path of the second light beam.
8. The hybrid entangled state generating system according to claim 7, wherein the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth total reflecting mirrors are all high-reflective film-coated total reflecting mirrors.
9. The hybrid entangled state generation system according to claim 7, characterized in that the action time of the electro-optical modulator is controlled by a clock pulse whose control effect is influenced by the feedback of the projection measurement result, wherein,
when signal photons with even number pass through the electro-optical modulator, the clock pulse triggers to change the refractive index of the crystal of the electro-optical modulator,
when signal photons with odd numbers pass through the electro-optical modulator, the clock pulse triggers the electro-optical modulator to enable the refractive index of the crystal of the electro-optical modulator not to change, and finally the output signal photons are obtained.
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Effective date of registration: 20231110 Address after: Room A105, 1st Floor, A Ladder, No. 11 Banlu Road, Science City, High tech Industrial Development Zone, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510700 Patentee after: Guangdong Yukopod Technology Development Co.,Ltd. Address before: School of information and optoelectronics, South China Normal University, 378 Waihuan West Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000 Patentee before: SOUTH CHINA NORMAL University |