CN214619497U - Biomass hot blast stove - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a living beings hot-blast furnace, it includes: the combustion chamber, the upper portion of the combustion chamber is determined by front arch, rear arch, first part and wallboard of the combustion dome located between front arch and rear arch, wherein, leave the given distance between upper end of rear arch and combustion dome, the part of the combustion dome located behind the upper end of rear arch is the second part, thus, the combustion dome constructs the return-flow cavity with the rear arch; the heat exchanger is arranged in the backflow cavity; the feeding device is positioned on the front side of the combustion chamber and introduces the biomass fuel into the combustion chamber from a furnace mouth arranged on the front side of the combustion chamber; and the purifying air outlet device is connected with the tail end of the backflow cavity. Based on the utility model discloses under the condition of not reducing the heat utilization ratio, can effectively improve combustion chamber life.

Description

Biomass hot blast stove

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a living beings hot-blast furnace.

Background

The biomass hot blast stove is a novel hot blast stove taking biomass fuel as fuel, and various organic matters are formed by common biomass fuel such as straw, sawdust, bagasse, rice chaff and the like through photosynthesis. In general, biomass hot blast stoves do not use, for example, straw as a fuel directly, and biomass fuel is substantially a processed product of straw or the like, and is in the form of pellets in physical form.

The top of the combustion chamber of the existing biomass hot blast stove is generally welded by a flat plate, high-temperature smoke is unevenly heated at all parts of the combustion chamber in the ascending process, the top of the combustion chamber is relatively fully heated, and on the basis of the principle of expansion with heat and contraction with cold, the uneven heating at all parts of the combustion chamber inevitably causes different degrees of expansion with heat and contraction with cold, so that great thermal stress is generated, and the top of the combustion chamber is possibly damaged. The top stress is concentrated, and the top of the combustion chamber is easily damaged due to the action of expansion with heat and contraction with cold.

In addition, in order to enhance the heat utilization rate, the existing biomass hot blast stove is generally provided with a plurality of combustion chambers which are sequentially communicated, each combustion chamber is divided into an upper part and a lower part, the two parts are communicated through fire tubes, and the lower part of each combustion chamber is generally provided with an ash drawing opening. Although the existence of the fire tube increases the heat exchange area between the high-temperature flue gas and the air flow, so that the heat utilization rate is higher, once the fire tube is blocked, the deposited ash on the upper part of the combustion chamber cannot be cleaned, and if ash removal is needed, the combustion chamber needs to be cut open, which brings great inconvenience to the ash removal work. Once the ash is not removed in time, the phenomenon of gas explosion can also be caused.

Correspondingly, the combustion chambers of the traditional biomass hot blast stove are communicated through a gap bridge, the gap bridge is used as a unique channel for the circulation of high-temperature flue gas among the combustion chambers, stress concentration is easy to generate, the flue gas is seriously corroded, the damage is easy to occur, and once the gap bridge is damaged, the whole equipment cannot be used.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide a do not reduce under the condition of damaging heat utilization ratio, can effectively improve the living beings hot-blast furnace of combustion chamber life.

In an embodiment of the utility model, a biomass hot blast stove is provided, it includes:

the combustion chamber, the upper portion of the combustion chamber is determined by front arch, rear arch, first part and wallboard of the combustion dome located between front arch and rear arch, wherein, leave the given distance between upper end of rear arch and combustion dome, the part of the combustion dome located behind the upper end of rear arch is the second part, thus, the combustion dome constructs the return-flow cavity with the rear arch;

the heat exchanger is arranged in the backflow cavity;

the feeding device is positioned on the front side of the combustion chamber and introduces the biomass fuel into the combustion chamber from a furnace mouth arranged on the front side of the combustion chamber;

and the purifying air outlet device is connected with the tail end of the backflow cavity.

Optionally, the heat exchanger is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger;

correspondingly, the flue gas generated by the combustion chamber passes through the shell side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the cold fluid for cooling the flue gas passes through the tube side.

Optionally, the pipeline for constructing the pipe pass is provided with a plurality of layers in the up-down direction of the reflux cavity;

and smoke through-flow gaps are reserved among the pipelines on each layer.

Optionally, the feeding device is installed on the front side of the biomass hot blast furnace front wall plate, and the feeding device comprises:

the lower part of the feeding hopper is provided with a front material guide plate and a rear material guide plate, and a discharge port is formed between the front material guide plate and the rear material guide plate;

the impeller is installed at the discharge port and feeds materials based on gaps among blades of the impeller.

Optionally, the impeller is a straight blade impeller;

the four blades are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the impeller shaft;

correspondingly, the included angle between the front guide plate and the rear guide plate is 90 degrees.

Optionally, a slide carriage is arranged below the impeller, and the front end of the slide carriage is higher than the rear end of the slide carriage and is lower than the rear end of the slide carriage, so that the slide carriage is used for guiding materials into the furnace mouth.

Optionally, the fire grate segment arranged at the lower part of the combustion chamber is gradually lowered from front to back.

The fire grate segment includes:

a still sheet;

the moving plate is positioned at the lower side of the static plate and used for adjusting the overflowing gap of the fire grate;

and the adjusting mechanism is used for driving the moving piece to move in the front-back direction.

Optionally, the lower-middle portion of the rear arch is inclined rearwardly;

an air outlet pipe is arranged at the rear side of the rear arch, and the air outlet pipe is connected with the backflow cavity and is connected with the purifying air outlet device.

Optionally, the purification air-out device includes:

the desulfurization and denitrification agent hopper is connected to the air outlet pipe through a bypass;

and the cyclone dust collector is connected with the air outlet pipe and is used for settling ash in the flue gas.

It knows to need, and the burning of biomass fuel in living beings hot-blast furnace is the heat utilization of living beings the utility model discloses an in the embodiment, in the furnace top, also the top of combustion chamber has set up the heat exchanger, the existence of heat exchanger has carried out effectual cooling to the flue gas to reduced the influence of flue gas temperature to the combustion chamber top, specifically because of the flue gas temperature with combustion chamber top direct contact reduces, made the produced thermal stress in combustor top weaken, thereby can the effectual life who improves the combustion chamber. Meanwhile, the heat exchanger can be used as a heat source for other applications, and the heat utilization rate cannot be reduced while the flue gas is cooled.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic main sectional structure diagram of a biomass hot blast stove in one embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a biomass hot blast stove in one embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a left side view structural schematic diagram of the biomass hot blast stove in one embodiment.

In the figure: 1. the device comprises a blower, 2 air holes, 3 grate segments, 4 a furnace opening, 5 slide carriages, 6 straight blades, 7 impellers, 8 feed hoppers, 9 front guide plates, 10 rear guide plates, 11 front temperature-resistant layers, 12 front arches, 13 return cavities, 14 heat exchangers, 15 temperature-resistant layers, 16 rear arches, 17 air outlet pipes, 18 desulfurization and denitrification agent hoppers, 19 dust collectors, 20 air outlets, 21 conical parts, 22 ash boxes, 23 bases and 24 furnace doors.

Detailed Description

It will be appreciated that in the case of a stove comprising a housing mounted on the base 23, the housing is required to be insulated, i.e. an insulating layer, such as a layer of asbestos, is provided within the housing.

Generally, in the art, the feed opening, i.e., the side where the furnace opening 4 is located in fig. 1, is the front side, and the opposite side is the rear side. And further determines the left and right sides. In addition, the main view is determined according to the reference system selected in design, rather than the conventional front and back.

The biomass hot blast stove shown in fig. 1 basically comprises a combustion chamber, a heat exchanger 14, a feeding device and a purifying air outlet device. And as a general configuration it also includes conventional ancillary structures such as oven doors 24.

In the embodiment of the utility model, the biomass hot blast stove adopts the rectangular furnace body of relative typical, correspondingly, the casing has preceding wallboard, back wallboard and controls the wallboard. It should be noted that, for simplicity, in the embodiment of the present invention, the front wall plate of the housing and the corresponding heat insulation structure are replaced by the front wall plate, which does not affect the correct understanding of those skilled in the art.

The embodiment of the utility model provides an in, adopt single combustion chamber structure, the foundation structure who constructs the combustion chamber is including setting up the additional structure inboard at the wallboard in addition to the wallboard, for example preceding arch 12, back arch 16, and these auxiliary structures are used for constructing the structure on combustion chamber upper portion to there is better water conservancy diversion effect to the flue gas.

As can be seen from the construction shown in fig. 1, the combustion dome is divided into two sections, front and rear, by the upper portion of the rear arch 16, the front section being referred to as the first section and the rear section being referred to as the second section, and the flue gas enters the second section from the first section and then descends.

It should be noted that, regarding the trend of the flue gas, on the one hand, based on thermal convection and on the other hand, based on induced air, such as the dust remover 19 shown in fig. 1, an induced draft fan is generally provided for inducing air, so as to generate suction in the air outlet pipe 17 shown in fig. 1, and the active exhaust guiding mode is adopted.

If relying on heat convection or siphon effect that produces from this alone, can produce the resistance when knowing to remove dust, influence the drainage guide, in the embodiment of the utility model preferably the initiative drainage guide mode is realized, adopt for example the draught fan to join in marriage the mode that connects air exit 20 as shown in fig. 1.

Further, the upper portion of the combustion chamber is defined by the front arch 12, the rear arch 16, and a first portion of the combustion dome and the wall plate between the front arch 12 and the rear arch 16, and since a given distance is left between the upper end of the rear arch 16 and the combustion dome, the upper portion of the combustion chamber is not blocked by the rear arch 16 in the front-rear direction, and the flue gas is guided rearward therefrom.

The part of the combustion chamber top, which is positioned at the rear side of the upper end of the rear arch 16, is regarded as a second part, so that a return cavity 13 is formed between the combustion chamber top and the rear arch 16, and the flue gas is guided and exhausted backwards through the return cavity 13.

Furthermore, the heat exchanger 14 is installed in the return cavity 13, and after the high-temperature flue gas is cooled by the heat exchanger 14, the part acting on the top of the combustion chamber is heated to be relatively mild, so that large thermal stress is not easily generated, and when the heat exchanger is designed to meet the condition of high thermal stress and face relatively small thermal stress, the top of the combustion chamber is not easily damaged, so that the service life of the combustion chamber is longer.

Meanwhile, the heat exchanger 14 can be used as a component part for heat utilization, and no loss is caused by temperature reduction of the flue gas. For example, the biomass hot blast stove is used for heating, and assuming that the heat exchanger 14 shown in fig. 1 is a primary heat exchanger, the biomass hot blast stove supplies heat to the outside by adopting a secondary heat exchanger, and the two-stage heat exchanger can be integrated into a heat supply pipe network without causing heat loss.

As a basic configuration, fig. 1 is also provided with a feeding device which is located at the front side of the combustion chamber and introduces the biomass fuel into the combustion chamber from a furnace opening 4 provided at the front side of the combustion chamber.

The purification air outlet device is connected to the tail end of the return cavity 13, and supplies heat to the target heat utilization equipment after purification.

The heat exchanger 14 may be a plate heat exchanger, a liner heat exchanger, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, or a coil heat exchanger, and preferably the shell-and-tube heat exchanger and the coil heat exchanger have relatively small influence on fluid flow when providing a large heat exchange area.

If a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is adopted, the flue gas generated by the combustion chamber passes through the shell pass of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the cold fluid used for cooling the flue gas passes through the tube pass. It can be seen from the structure shown in fig. 1 that there are multiple rows and multiple columns of round holes in the reflux cavity 13 to indicate the tube body, and the portion covering the tube body is marked as the shell of the reflux cavity, and correspondingly, it can be equivalent to a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with one shell pass and a plurality of tube passes, and the overall heat exchange effect is relatively good.

Further preferably, because the flow velocity of the flue gas is relatively high, in order to improve the heat exchange efficiency, a plurality of layers of pipelines for constructing the tube pass are distributed in the upper and lower directions of the reflux cavity; correspondingly, a smoke through-flow gap is reserved between the pipelines on each layer, so that the smoke can be cooled step by step when going upwards and moving transversely, and a better heat exchange effect is achieved.

Correspondingly, gaps also exist among the pipeline layers, and the requirement for flue gas circulation in the return cavity 13 is met.

For the feeding device, under the influence of the state of the material, the speed of the material entering the combustion chamber influences the stability of the combustion of the biomass material, for this reason, in a preferred embodiment, the feeding device is installed on the front side of the front wall plate of the biomass hot blast stove, and the feeding device comprises:

the lower part of the feed hopper 8 is provided with a front guide plate 9 and a rear guide plate 10, and a discharge hole is formed between the front guide plate and the rear guide plate. In fig. 1, the front guide plate 9 inclines backwards and downwards, the rear guide plate 10 inclines backwards and forwards, the left side plate and the right side plate which are matched with the wall plate or independently arranged enclose the discharge hole, and for the guide plate, the rear guide plate 10 can be omitted, and the front wall plate is directly involved in constructing the discharge hole.

The arrangement mode of the front and the rear material guide plates can gradually receive materials from top to bottom, and the material receiving holes are narrowed to the minimum.

An impeller 7 is provided and is installed at the discharge port, and the feeding speed is controlled based on the feeding of the clearance between the blades of the impeller 7, in other words, when the impeller 7 stops rotating, the material stops flowing, and when the rotating speed of the impeller is increased, the flow speed of the material is increased.

It is understood that the biomass fuel is generally granular, substantially rod-like granular, and not strong in fluidity, and mutual support among the granules prevents the material from falling uncontrollably even if the impeller 7 is in a stopped state and the discharge port is not tightly closed.

Based on the aforesaid pay-off mode of impeller 7 can know, with the help of the clearance pay-off between the blade, the blade can not be too big with the interval between the structure body that determines the discharge gate, based on biomass fuel's material property, when impeller 7 stall, the mutual support between the granule makes the material can not appear uncontrolled hourglass material.

In the configuration shown in fig. 1, the impeller 7 is a straight blade impeller;

the four blades are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the impeller shaft;

correspondingly, the included angle between the front guide plate 9 and the rear guide plate 10 is 90 degrees, in this case, the front guide plate 9 and a blade are in a coplanar state, and the rear guide plate 10 and a blade are in a coplanar state, and the sealing is the most tight. And the biggest state of interval is that a blade lies in the middle of the discharge gate just between blade and the discharge gate, has two blades this moment and determines the clearance of clearance between the structure of discharge gate neither big in horizontal direction and vertical direction, and based on the top of material holds in the palm the effect, can not make the material down.

In the above-described structure, the feed hopper 8 is located at the front side of the combustion chamber, and in order to guide the material into the combustion chamber more orderly, a chute 5 is provided below the impeller 7, and accordingly, the chute 5 is higher in the front end and lower in the rear end for guiding the material into the furnace mouth 4.

In hot blast stoves, in which there is a grate in the furnace, on the one hand the space below the grate is used for introducing air, and on the other hand the slag produced by combustion also falls through the gaps of the grate, the furnace door 24 shown in fig. 2 is used for periodic removal of the slag.

Under the influence of a feeding mode, the grate segments 3 arranged at the lower part of the combustion chamber are gradually reduced from front to back, the biomass fuel has granular physical properties and certain flowability, but the flowability is slightly poor, and the inclined grate is favorable for the material to flow backwards.

As described above, the grate segments 3 are provided for the purpose of introducing air, and the amount of the introduced air affects the sufficiency of combustion of the material, and for this purpose, the grate segments 3 include:

a still sheet;

the moving plate is positioned at the lower side of the static plate and used for adjusting the overflowing clearance of the fire grate, if the clearances of the fire grate bars contained in the moving plate and the static plate are the same, the overflowing clearance is the largest when the fire grate bars are overlapped in the inclined direction, and the overflowing clearance is gradually reduced along with the increase of dislocation.

An adjustment mechanism is provided for driving the moving piece to move in the front-rear direction, specifically, in the direction along the inclination of the grate segments 3. It is to be understood that the so-called forward and backward movement does not affect the understanding of the skilled person, and the inclined direction of the grate segments 3 also belongs to the macroscopic forward and backward direction.

In addition, regarding the adjusting mechanism, the output motion form is linear motion, which belongs to the most common motion form in the mechanical field, but in order to realize precise adjustment, the adjusting mechanism adopts a nut and screw mechanism.

In order to reduce the influence of the arrangement of the rear arch 16 on the combustion chamber space, the middle lower part of the rear arch 16 is inclined backwards, so that the rear arch 16 inclined backwards has less influence on the arrangement of the air outlet pipe 17 under the condition that the influence on the combustion chamber space is small, and particularly, the arrangement of the air outlet pipe 17 has better flexibility and is less influenced by the space of the rear arch 16 under the condition that the air outlet pipe 17 adopts active guide exhaust.

Correspondingly, an air outlet pipe 17 is arranged at the rear side of the rear arch 16, and the air outlet pipe 17 is used for receiving the backflow cavity 13 and connecting the purified air outlet device, or the air outlet pipe 17 is used for connecting the backflow cavity 13 and the purified air outlet device.

Further, purify air-out device includes:

and the desulfurization and denitrification agent hopper 18 is connected to the air outlet pipe 17 through a bypass and is used for feeding a purifying agent into the air outlet pipe 17.

The dust collector 19 shown in fig. 1 is included in the purifying and air-out device, and the dust collector 19 shown in the figure is a composite dust collector which is a bag-type dust collector itself, and a cyclone dust collector can be arranged at the front stage of the dust collector to remove coarse ash, and the bag-type dust collector can be used for removing relatively fine ash.

Claims (10)

1. A biomass hot blast stove, comprising:

the combustion chamber, the upper portion of the combustion chamber is determined by front arch, rear arch, first part and wallboard of the combustion dome located between front arch and rear arch, wherein, leave the given distance between upper end of rear arch and combustion dome, the part of the combustion dome located behind the upper end of rear arch is the second part, thus, the combustion dome constructs the return-flow cavity with the rear arch;

the heat exchanger is arranged in the backflow cavity;

the feeding device is positioned on the front side of the combustion chamber and introduces the biomass fuel into the combustion chamber from a furnace mouth arranged on the front side of the combustion chamber;

and the purifying air outlet device is connected with the tail end of the backflow cavity.

2. The biomass hot blast stove according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger is a shell and tube heat exchanger;

correspondingly, the flue gas generated by the combustion chamber passes through the shell side of the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and the cold fluid for cooling the flue gas passes through the tube side.

3. The biomass hot blast stove according to claim 2, wherein the pipe for constructing the pipe pass is provided with a plurality of layers in the up-down direction of the return cavity;

and smoke through-flow gaps are reserved among the pipelines on each layer.

4. The biomass hot blast stove according to claim 1, characterized in that the feeding device is installed at the front side of the biomass hot blast stove front wall plate, and the feeding device comprises:

the lower part of the feeding hopper is provided with a front material guide plate and a rear material guide plate, and a discharge port is formed between the front material guide plate and the rear material guide plate;

the impeller is installed at the discharge port and feeds materials based on gaps among blades of the impeller.

5. The biomass hot blast stove according to claim 4, characterized in that the impeller is a straight blade impeller;

the four blades are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the impeller shaft;

correspondingly, the included angle between the front guide plate and the rear guide plate is 90 degrees.

6. The biomass hot blast stove according to claim 4, wherein a slide carriage is arranged below the impeller, and the front end of the slide carriage is higher than the rear end thereof and is lower than the rear end thereof, and is used for guiding materials into the stove mouth.

7. The biomass hot blast stove according to claim 1, wherein the grate segments provided at the lower part of the combustion chamber are gradually lowered from front to back.

8. The biomass hot blast stove according to claim 7, wherein the grate segments comprise:

a still sheet;

the moving plate is positioned at the lower side of the static plate and used for adjusting the overflowing gap of the fire grate;

and the adjusting mechanism is used for driving the moving piece to move in the front-back direction.

9. The biomass stove according to claim 1, wherein the lower middle portion of the rear arch is inclined rearwardly;

an air outlet pipe is arranged at the rear side of the rear arch, and the air outlet pipe is connected with the backflow cavity and is connected with the purifying air outlet device.

10. The biomass hot blast stove according to claim 9, characterized in that the clean air outlet means comprises:

the desulfurization and denitrification agent hopper is connected to the air outlet pipe through a bypass;

and the cyclone dust collector is connected with the air outlet pipe and is used for settling ash in the flue gas.

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