CN214589265U - Array feed off-axis quiet zone compact range device - Google Patents
Array feed off-axis quiet zone compact range device Download PDFInfo
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- CN214589265U CN214589265U CN202120939451.7U CN202120939451U CN214589265U CN 214589265 U CN214589265 U CN 214589265U CN 202120939451 U CN202120939451 U CN 202120939451U CN 214589265 U CN214589265 U CN 214589265U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an off-axis quiet zone of array feed reduces range device, because reduce the partial burnt control of feed source and array feed, the quiet zone wave beam of burnt realization is through array feed compensation partially, and promotes the quality in the plane wave quiet zone field of off-axis for mobile communication basic station, terminal, radar target or radar antenna are emulation in kind and accurate simulation test under far field multi-beam electromagnetic environment. The direction of the electromagnetic wave beam reflected by the reflecting surface can be changed by controlling the deflection focus of the feed source, so that the dead zone of the plane wave is off-axis; by the array feed technology capable of weighting the individual amplitude and phase of the feed units, amplitude and phase fluctuation caused by off-axis ray wave path distortion can be compensated, a high-quality plane wave field is synthesized in a dead zone, and the dead zone performance of an off-axis compact field system is improved. The utility model discloses a device can realize not focusing or the dead zone is not when the feed of plane of compact field system when the plane of reflection is not at the axle, but the high-quality plane wave dead zone is synthesized to the system still off-axis.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a compact range and array feed technique, in particular to off-axis quiet zone compact range device of array feed. Controlling the direction of the reflecting surface reflecting the electromagnetic wave beams through the deflection focus of the feed source, so that the plane wave dead zone is off-axis; amplitude and phase fluctuation caused by off-axis ray path distortion is compensated through array feed of feed source amplitude-phase weighting, and therefore the quality of an off-axis plane wave quiet zone field is improved. The method is mainly applied to high-frequency antenna (such as millimeter wave antenna) testing, and provides a plane wave electromagnetic environment for equipment simulation testing working in a far-field electromagnetic environment.
Background
In order to test, debug and verify the performance of an antenna device, it is necessary to make an accurate measurement of its far-field pattern. However, the far field of electrically large antennas often has long distances, especially in high frequency bands (e.g., millimeter wave bands) up to several kilometers, or even tens of kilometers, which makes direct far field measurements difficult to implement in engineering. The compact field technology can directly test the far field pattern of the antenna in a compact space, and meets the requirements of the radiation characteristic test of the electrically large-size antenna on controllable test distance and far field electromagnetic environment. The reflecting surface compact range is a type of compact range which is mature in the prior art and most widely applied, and a precise paraboloid (the processing precision is generally 1/100 wavelengths) is adopted to collimate and correct spherical waves emitted by a feed source into high-quality quasi-plane waves. In the design of reflective surface compact range systems, there are generally two problems: 1. for a special reason, the feed source can not be placed at the focal position of the reflecting surface or the geometric center of the plane wave dead zone can not be placed on the system axis; 2. the plane-wave quiet zone field has large amplitude and phase unevenness due to off-axis ray path distortion.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To the above-mentioned problem, the utility model provides an off-axis quiet zone compact range device of array feed, adopt the tight range to focus control technique and array feed device partially, realize plane beam direction control and plane wave field compensation, and then can make the feed focus partially or the quiet zone off-axis and synthesize out high-quality plane wave quiet zone, the advantage of feed and quiet zone position flexibility and quiet zone field high quality has, it is burnt partially to solve the tight range feed, quiet zone off-axis and plane wave quiet zone have great range and phase place inequality's problem, provide more favorable test condition for the antenna survey.
The utility model adopts the following technical proposal to achieve the purpose: an array-fed off-axis quiet zone compact range device comprises a compact range reflecting surface, a feed source deflection focal control system and an equivalent electromagnetic environment quiet zone, wherein,
the compact range reflecting surface is a paraboloid, the central solid part is a paraboloid or a sphere, and the edge is subjected to sawtooth or curling treatment and is used for reflecting the electromagnetic wave emitted by the excitation source and then compactly forming the required plane wave front in a specified area;
the feed source is a feed source array with independently controllable feed unit amplitude and phase, and high-quality plane wave front is synthesized in a quiet zone by independently giving preset amplitude and phase weights to each unit of the feed source array;
the feed source deflection control system adjusts the position of a feed source through mechanical electronic equipment to enable the feed source to deflect in focus, so that the adjustment of the radiation direction of electromagnetic beams is realized, and the position of a dead zone is controlled;
the equivalent electromagnetic environment quiet zone is a plane wave electromagnetic field area formed by secondary radiation after a focal or off-focal feed source array irradiates a reflecting surface, and the plane wave electromagnetic field area comprises all conditions of an on-axis and an off-axis and is used for antenna measurement and radar stealth test.
Furthermore, the feeding mode is the feeding of the feed source array, and by independently giving proper amplitude and phase weight values to each antenna unit of the feed source array, high-quality plane wave fronts can be synthesized in a compact range quiet zone, wherein the proper amplitude and phase weight values refer to weight values capable of compensating wave path differences caused by the deflection of the feed source.
Furthermore, the position of the feed source array is regulated and controlled by using a compact range focus deflection control system, including focusing and focus deflection, the radiation direction of a main beam of the compact range is changed, and the position of a plane wave quiet zone field is controlled within a certain range.
Further, the equivalent electromagnetic environment deadband position is indirectly controllable by the feed location, including all cases on the axis and off-axis, i.e., the aperture normal where the deadband geometric center is located on or off the aperture normal of the equivalent aperture geometric center of the compact range reflector.
Further, the equivalent electromagnetic environment dead zone can be applied to a transmission link test, a reception link test and a transceiving link test of a radio system.
Furthermore, the implementation of the feed source array on which the plane wave front synthesis depends includes a phased array antenna, a reflective array antenna and a transmissive array antenna.
Further, the compact field reflecting surface on which the plane wave front synthesis depends comprises a single reflecting surface, a double cylindrical surface, a Gray-type or Cassegrain-type reflecting surface and a multi-reflecting surface.
The technical principle of the utility model is as follows:
the utility model discloses an off-axis quiet zone of array feed reduces field device, including reducing field plane of reflection, feed, the partial burnt control system of feed and the electromagnetic environment quiet zone of equivalence. The feed source is flexibly adjustable in a certain range through a feed source deflection control system, beams can be linearly deflected due to both transverse deflection and longitudinal deflection of the feed source, the radiation direction of the plane beams synthesized by the compact range is controllable, and the equivalent electromagnetic environment dead zone position of the compact range is controllable.
The feed source array (in focus or off focus) irradiates a reflecting surface, and by independently giving proper amplitude and phase weights to each antenna unit of the feed source array, high-quality plane wave fronts can be synthesized in a compact range quiet zone (on-axis or off-axis), and the high-quality standard is as follows: the amplitude peak to peak value of the dead zone is less than 0.5dB and the phase peak to peak value is less than 3.6 degrees, as shown in fig. 1.
In order to control the influence of diffraction at the edge of the reflecting surface and improve the performance of a plane wave field with equal amplitude and equal phase in a dead zone, the edge of the reflecting surface is usually processed in a sawtooth shape or a curling shape. To avoid feed occlusion, compact range systems typically employ an offset feed structure, with a single reflecting surface being part of a paraboloid of revolution, and employing a virtual apex technique.
The realization of the feed source array on which the plane wave-front synthesis depends is not limited to a phased array antenna, and comprises a reflection array, a transmission array and the like.
The compact field working principle on which the plane wave front integration depends is not limited to the scheme type of the reflecting surface system, and comprises a single reflecting surface, a double-cylinder surface, a Gray Gauli type or Cassegrain type, a multi-reflecting surface and the like.
The design of the reflective surface of the compact range device is not limited to a specific edge form of the reflective surface, and comprises sawtooth or curling treatment.
The working frequency band of the plane wavefront realized by simulation is not limited to specific requirements. The highest frequency is determined according to the reflector profile precision and the allowance of the phase residual of the dead zone field, and the peak-to-peak value of the phase of the plane wave excited by the feed source array with independent antenna unit amplitude and phase and capable of being weighted can be controlled within 10 degrees at least. The lowest frequency at least satisfies the condition that the caliber electrical size of the reflector is more than 10-17 times of the wavelength.
The feed source array regulation and control system on which the plane wavefront synthesis depends is not limited to a specific implementation mode and comprises manual control or electric control.
The radiation direction of the plane wave beam synthesized by the compact range can be adjusted within a certain range, and the adjustment range depends on the allowance of the dead zone error.
The arrangement of the compact antenna test field with the comprehensive plane wavefront is not limited to indoor or outdoor, and in order to enable the background electromagnetic environment to be under controllable test conditions, the simulator is suggested to be arranged in a microwave darkroom.
The relationship between the radiation direction angle offset of the compact range plane wave beam and the feed source deflection is shown as the following formula:
wherein: delta theta is the angular offset of the wave beam radiation direction of the plane wave of the compact range, H is the height of the geometric center of the equivalent aperture surface of the reflecting surface or the system axis, F is the focal length of the reflecting surface, delta x is the transverse offset focus of the feed source, the virtual vertex far away from the reflecting surface is positive, the virtual vertex near the reflecting surface is negative, delta y is the longitudinal offset focus of the feed source, the system axis far away from the reflecting surface is positive, the system axis near the reflecting surface is negative, theta is2Is the angle between the incident beam and the reflected beam, theta, of the feed source in focus1The included angle between the incident beam or the reflected beam of the feed source and the normal line of the midpoint of the reflecting surface is shown in the focal point.
It should be noted that the constraint relation of equation (1) is a paraxial approximation in the geometrical-optical sense. When the diffraction is severe at the edge in the low frequency band (such as aperture less than 30 times wavelength) and the focus bias is large (such as), the conditions for establishing the optical ray theory and paraxial approximation are not satisfied, and more precise methods are required to be adopted for accurate calculation and evaluation, such as physical optics or moment method and other electromagnetic algorithm.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model the advantage lie in:
(1) the array compensation feed multi-dead-zone compact range device can realize flexible displacement of the feed source in a certain range through the feed source deflection control system, and is convenient for comprehensive consideration of facility arrangement near the focal point of the compact range system.
(2) The array compensation feed multi-quiet-zone compact range device can control the direction of plane wave beams by adjusting the deflection focus of the feed source, further control the position of a quiet zone of an equivalent electromagnetic environment of the compact range, and facilitate antenna measurement or radar electromagnetic scattering test and equipment arrangement near the axis quiet zone.
(3) The array compensation feed multi-dead-zone compact range device can reduce the amplitude and phase unevenness of a plane wave dead zone field by independently giving proper amplitude and phase weights to each antenna unit of a feed source (in focus or deflection) array, and compensate plane wave fronts with higher quality (high quality indexes: the peak value of the amplitude peak of the dead zone is less than 0.5dB, and the peak value of the phase peak is less than 3.6 degrees) in the dead zone (on axis or off axis) of the compact zone. The proper amplitude-phase weight value can be obtained by carrying out amplitude and phase weighting in a geometric optical path compensation method, a reverse deduction method and other modes, and amplitude unevenness and phase unevenness caused by wave path difference can be compensated.
(4) The array compensation feed multi-quiet-zone compact range device can work in a more controllable natural environment or electromagnetic environment, is favorable for improving the test condition of electromagnetic simulation debugging, reduces the test cost and improves the test efficiency. Is superior to the external field greatly influenced by natural climate.
(5) The array compensation feed multi-dead-zone compact range device can work in a wider radio frequency band and can be used for common microwave and millimeter wave bands. For example, the 2 m-grade compact field reflecting surface can cover S (2-4 GHz), C (4-8 GHz), X (8-12 GHz), Ku (12-18 GHz), K (28-27 GHz), Ka (27-40 GHz), U (40-60 GHz), V (60-80 GHz) and W (75-110 GHz) wave bands in a 1 m-grade quiet zone.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the system operating principle schematic diagram of the utility model, wherein, 1 is the compact range plane of reflection, 2 is the feed array, 3 is quiet district skew scope, 4 is in the equivalent electromagnetic environment quiet district of axle, 5 is the equivalent electromagnetic environment quiet district of off-axis, 6 is the plane wave quiet district field, 7 is feed array geometric center, 8 is the focus of compact range plane of reflection, 9 is the virtual vertex of compact range plane of reflection, 10 is the mid point of compact range plane of reflection, 11 is the compact range system axle, 12 is the electromagnetic wave beam, 13 is the normal line of compact range plane of reflection mid point.
Fig. 2 is a plane wave phase distribution diagram of a section of an off-axis dead-zone compact range device using the array compensation feed provided by the utility model in a dead zone of an equivalent electromagnetic environment.
FIG. 3 is a phase diagram of a plane wave at the same cross-section as FIG. 2 for a single feed (corrugated horn) fed multi-quiet zone compact range device, wherein the remaining parameters of the system, such as compact reflector size, operating frequency, etc., are the same except that the excitation source is different from the simulation system of FIG. 2.
Fig. 4 is a comparison graph of the wave path of the wavefront and the desired wave path of the longitudinal section line on the section of fig. 2 and 3, and a comparison graph of the wave path of the two section lines and the wave path of the desired wave path respectively.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of comparing the wavefront path with the desired wavefront path of the transversal line on the cross section of fig. 2 and 3, and a diagram of comparing the path difference ratio wavelength value of the path of the transversal line with the desired path.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any inventive work belong to the protection scope of the present invention based on the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, 1 is a compact range reflector, when the feed source array 2 works at the focal point of the reflector, a plane wave dead zone 4 is on an axis, and a plane wave beam 12 is parallel to the system axis and points to the axial dead zone 4. When the feed source array 2 irradiates the reflecting surface 1 in a defocusing mode, the plane wave dead zone 5 is off-axis, the plane wave beam 12 generates an angular offset of delta theta degrees, the angular offset delta theta is determined by the formula (1), and the plane wave dead zone is offset to the off-axis dead zone 5 from the on-axis dead zone 4. The plane wave field 6 in the axial quiet zone 4 or the off-axis quiet zone 5 is formed by radiation of the feed source array 2 and reflection of the compact field reflecting surface 1, amplitude and phase weighting compensation is carried out on each antenna unit of the feed source array 2, and proper amplitude and phase weighting values can be weighted in a geometric optical path compensation method, a reverse deduction method and other modes, so that the amplitude and phase unevenness of the plane wave field 6 can be reduced, and high-quality plane wave fronts are synthesized in the quiet zone 4 or 5.
The compact field reflecting surface is manufactured by machining the reflecting surface designed by edge treatment. The reflecting surface comprises a working surface and a mounting back frame, wherein the working surface is used for converting the wave front emitted by the feed source to the expected wave front, and the mounting back frame is used for mechanical support and positioning. In addition, the profile accuracy of the reflecting surface and the control and positioning of the feed source need to be ensured by using an adjusting and positioning mechanism.
The system offset feed design aims at avoiding the shielding of a feed source system on a reflecting surface, the offset feed inevitably causes inconsistent path attenuation from a feed source to the bottom end and the top end of a mouth surface, and the directional characteristic can be used for compensating the spatial path imbalance by adjusting the radiation angle of the feed source. Therefore, the feed source focus offset control system needs to have the function of adjusting the illumination angle around the feed point (in focus or in offset focus). The purpose of the system focus feed is to adjust the plane wave beam pointing. Therefore, the compact range feed source support also needs to have the axial and transverse translation functions.
The reflection surface has the function of correcting the emission wave of the feed source into the expected near-field wave front, and the edge treatment of the reflection surface is used for forming aperture amplitude taper to inhibit the influence of edge diffraction on a quiet area.
The utility model discloses preferred example:
the array-fed off-axis quiet zone compact range device reflecting surface and field distribution shown in fig. 1 is illustrated with the system coordinate origin located at the virtual apex 9 of the compact range reflecting surface and the coordinate system set up as shown in fig. 1. Operating frequency 1.2GHz, compact field reflecting surface size: 20m 16m, focal length 21m, reflector surface is a portion of infinite paraboloid with vertex (0, 0, 0) truncated, and the quiet zone simulating an equivalent electromagnetic environment is 62.7m from the reflector surface vertex. Offset focal feed array size: the excitation sources are spaced by approximately half wavelength, the projection of the excitation sources on a plane with the normal line as a vertical axis is a plane feed source array with the geometric central point of (3.69m,0m and 21.32m) and the plane feed source array is 1m multiplied by 1m, the oblique incidence plane wave front is equivalently realized, and the simulation result is shown in fig. 2.
The simulation result of the phase distribution of the single-feed multi-dead-zone compact range device on the cross section under the condition of the same system parameter layout is shown in FIG. 3. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, when the longitudinal section and the transverse section in fig. 2 and 3 are respectively cut off to compare with the expected plane wavefront, the wave path distribution (phase distribution) of the array compensation feeding multi-quiet zone compact range device is more consistent with the expected value, the error is smaller, and the phase peak value of the plane wavefront realized by the array compensation feeding multi-quiet zone compact range device is less than 3.6 degrees, which can meet the application requirement of the plane wavefront quiet zone electromagnetic environment.
Although illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and that various changes will become apparent to those skilled in the art once they are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. An array-fed off-axis dead band compact range apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a compact field reflecting surface, a feed source deflection focus control system and an equivalent electromagnetic environment quiet zone, wherein,
the compact range reflecting surface is a paraboloid, the central solid part is a paraboloid or a sphere, and the edge is subjected to sawtooth or curling treatment and is used for reflecting the electromagnetic wave emitted by the excitation source and then compactly forming the required plane wave front in a specified area;
the feed source is a feed source array with independently controllable feed unit amplitude and phase, and high-quality plane wave front is synthesized in a quiet zone by independently giving preset amplitude and phase weights to each unit of the feed source array;
the feed source deflection control system adjusts the position of a feed source through mechanical electronic equipment to enable the feed source to deflect in focus, so that the adjustment of the radiation direction of electromagnetic beams is realized, and the position of a dead zone is controlled;
the equivalent electromagnetic environment quiet zone is a plane wave electromagnetic field area formed by secondary radiation after a focal or off-focal feed source array irradiates a reflecting surface, and the plane wave electromagnetic field area comprises all conditions of an on-axis and an off-axis and is used for antenna measurement and radar stealth test.
2. An array fed off-axis dead band compact range device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the feeding mode is the feeding of the feed source array, and through independently giving proper amplitude and phase weight values to each antenna unit of the feed source array, high-quality plane wave front can be synthesized in a compact range quiet zone, wherein the proper amplitude and phase weight values refer to weight values capable of compensating wave path difference caused by the deflection of the feed source.
3. An array fed off-axis dead band compact range device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the position of the feed source array is regulated and controlled by a compact range focus-deflecting control system, including focusing and focus deflecting, the radiation direction of a main beam of the compact range is changed, and then the position of a plane wave quiet zone field is controlled within a certain range.
4. An array fed off-axis dead band compact range device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the equivalent electromagnetic environment deadband position is indirectly controllable by the feed location, including all cases on the axis and off-axis, i.e., the aperture normal where the deadband geometric center is at or off the aperture normal to the equivalent aperture geometric center of the compact range reflector.
5. An array fed off-axis dead band compact range device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the equivalent electromagnetic environment quiet zone can be applied to a transmission link test, a receiving link test and a transmitting and receiving link test of a radio system.
6. An array fed off-axis dead band compact range device as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the feed source array on which the plane wave-front synthesis depends is realized by a phased array antenna, a reflective array antenna and a transmission array antenna.
7. An array fed off-axis dead band compact range device as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the compact field reflecting surface on which the plane wave front synthesis depends comprises a single reflecting surface, a double-cylinder surface, a Gray Gao Li type or Cassegrain type and a multi-reflecting surface.
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| CN202120939451.7U CN214589265U (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2021-04-30 | Array feed off-axis quiet zone compact range device |
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