CN214480371U - Energy storage type solar thermal photovoltaic device utilizing near-field thermal radiation technology - Google Patents

Energy storage type solar thermal photovoltaic device utilizing near-field thermal radiation technology Download PDF

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CN214480371U
CN214480371U CN202120479816.2U CN202120479816U CN214480371U CN 214480371 U CN214480371 U CN 214480371U CN 202120479816 U CN202120479816 U CN 202120479816U CN 214480371 U CN214480371 U CN 214480371U
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heat
absorber
radiator
storage chamber
photocell
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周志军
张彦威
王智化
杨卫娟
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

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Abstract

The utility model discloses an energy storage type solar thermal photovoltaic device utilizing near field thermal radiation technology, which comprises an absorption cavity, an absorber, a heat exchanger, a heat storage chamber, a radiator, a photocell and other components, wherein the absorption cavity can reflect sunlight to the absorber, and the absorber absorbs solar radiation and heats the absorber; the heat exchanger can transfer the heat of the absorber to the heat storage chamber, and heat the phase-change material to realize energy storage; the radiator is fixed on the heat storage chamber to absorb heat from the heat storage chamber, heats the radiator to a higher temperature and emits characteristic heat radiation to the photovoltaic battery pack; the radiator and the photovoltaic cell are separated by a nano vacuum gap; the back of the photocell is provided with a heat radiator for controlling the photocell to be at the optimal working temperature. The device utilizes a near-field technology and a metamaterial technology to transform solar radiation, improves the radiant quantity and the available ratio received by the photovoltaic cell side, and improves the device efficiency of the traditional energy storage type solar thermal photovoltaic device; and by using an energy storage technology, stable energy supply without interference of weather factors is realized.

Description

Energy storage type solar thermal photovoltaic device utilizing near-field thermal radiation technology
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a solar thermal energy photovoltaic power supply field especially relates to a near field-energy storage formula solar thermal photovoltaic device.
Background
Solar energy is used as clean energy, is primary energy and renewable energy, and has incomparable advantages compared with mineral energy. The development and utilization of solar energy have great significance for saving conventional energy, protecting natural environment, slowing down climate change and the like. Solar photovoltaic technology is considered one of the most promising technologies and is now widely used worldwide. The solar radiation waveband is 0-2500 nm, while the wavelength range of light absorbed by the traditional photovoltaic silicon cell is only 300-1200 nm, and a large amount of incident photons with energy lower than the forbidden band cannot be utilized, so that the photovoltaic efficiency is lower, the highest conversion efficiency is only 32%, and the existing large-scale solar photovoltaic conversion efficiency is only 21.8%. Energy storage solar thermal photovoltaic devices have also attracted the attention of a large number of researchers in recent years as a potentially efficient solar energy utilization technology. The ideal energy storage type solar energy thermal photovoltaic device can improve the conversion efficiency of solar energy to 54 percent through the combined action of the absorber and the radiator.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide an energy storage type solar photovoltaic apparatus which is simple in apparatus, high in efficiency, and capable of stably supplying energy without being disturbed by weather factors.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the present invention is directed to a near field-energy storage type solar thermal photovoltaic device.
The utility model discloses an energy storage type solar thermal photovoltaic device utilizing near field thermal radiation technology, which comprises an absorption cavity, an absorber, a heat exchanger, a heat storage chamber, a radiator and a photocell, wherein the absorption cavity is arranged at the top of the absorber, the top of the absorption cavity is provided with at least one opening for sunlight to enter, and the inner wall surface of the absorption cavity is provided with a reflector for reflecting the sunlight back to the absorber;
the absorber comprises a single/multilayer ultrathin substrate and a periodic nanostructure arranged on the upper surface of the ultrathin substrate; the heat exchanger is composed of heat pipes and is used for strengthening heat exchange between the absorber and the heat storage chamber and between the heat storage chamber and the radiator, the phase change material is arranged in the heat storage chamber, and the radiator comprises a single/multilayer ultrathin substrate and a periodic nanostructure arranged on the lower surface of the ultrathin substrate; the photocell is located below the radiator, the radiator emits characteristic heat radiation to the photocell, the radiator and the photocell are separated through a nanometer vacuum gap, and the back of the photocell is provided with a heat radiator.
As the preferred scheme of the utility model, the upper part of the absorption cavity is narrow and the lower part is wide, and the opening is positioned at the top; the wall surface is a continuous curved surface or is formed by connecting a plurality of planes and/or curved surfaces; and reflectors are arranged around the inner wall surface of the absorption cavity to reflect the radiation reflected by the absorber back to the absorber again.
As the preferred scheme of the utility model, there are microtexture structure, nanostructure on the absorber surface, improve the absorption performance, reduce the reflection to adopt the metamaterial technology to improve full wave band absorption performance. The absorber is positioned at the bottom of the absorption cavity, the bottom of the absorber is connected with the heat storage chamber, and the thickness of the ultrathin substrate is 0.01-100 micrometers; the period of the periodic nano structure is 0.01-10 microns, and the size (maximum size) of the nano structure is 10-1000 nanometers. The nano structure is internally provided with a cavity, the minimum size of the cavity is 10 nanometers, and the nano structure is formed by alternately stacking multiple layers of materials in the thickness direction.
As the preferred scheme of the utility model, the heat exchanger includes first heat pipe group and second heat pipe group, first heat pipe group sets up in phase change material, and its evaporation zone contacts with the absorber back; the second heat pipe set is arranged in the phase change material, and a condensation section of the second heat pipe set is in contact with the back surface of the radiator; the first and second heat pipe sets are not in contact inside the phase change material. The first heat pipe group and the second heat pipe group use lithium (1374 ℃), calcium (1440 ℃), antimony (1440 ℃) and other materials as working media, and high-efficiency heat exchange among the absorber, the phase-change material and the radiator is improved at ultrahigh temperature.
As the utility model discloses an optimal selection scheme, working medium phase transition temperature in the first heat pipe group is higher than the phase transition temperature of working medium in the second heat pipe group.
As the preferred scheme of the utility model, the phase transition temperature of heat-retaining room phase change material needs to be located between the operating temperature of first heat pipe and second heat pipe. The phase-change material of the regenerator can adopt high-temperature phase-change materials such as Cu (1083 ℃), MgF2(1263 ℃), Si (1414 ℃), Ni (1455 ℃), Be (1182 ℃), B (1282 ℃), Sc (1534 ℃) and the like, has higher phase-change temperature and phase-change enthalpy, and realizes phase-change heat storage at ultrahigh temperature and high energy density. The phase-change material of the heat storage chamber can be doped with carbon or other nano-particle balls, so that the heat conduction performance of the phase-change material is improved.
As the preferable scheme of the utility model, the radiator is positioned at the bottom of the heat storage chamber, and the thickness of the ultrathin substrate is 0.01-100 microns; the period of the periodic nano structure is 0.01-10 microns, and the size (maximum size) of the nano structure is 10-1000 nanometers. The nano structure is internally provided with a cavity, the minimum size of the cavity is 10 nanometers, and the nano structure is formed by alternately stacking multiple layers of materials in the thickness direction.
As the preferred scheme of the utility model, the thickness in nanometer vacuum clearance is 150 supple 3500 nanometer, can realize the near field heat radiation, and then improves heat radiation, generating efficiency and output power density. The photocell is a low-energy-gap band battery and a series/parallel connection mode thereof.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the device further comprises a light collector disposed above the absorber, wherein the light collector collects solar radiation and reflects or transmits the solar radiation into the absorption cavity.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the device further comprises a filter device disposed on the surface of the photocell for selectively filtering the radiant energy radiated by the radiator.
The utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
the utility model discloses because this device adopts solar energy as the heat source, it is high to have heat utilization efficiency, and the radiator temperature is high, does not have no environmental pollution, advantages such as no fuel cost.
The utility model discloses the sunlight that the device can utilize to assemble, the absorber absorbs high concentration solar radiation and heats self to transmit high temperature phase change material and radiator in heat accumulation chamber through heat transfer device heating, be heated to the selective radiator of high temperature and to photovoltaic cell transmission heat radiation, photovoltaic cell absorbs heat radiation and turns into its electric energy. Therefore, the near-field energy storage type solar thermal photovoltaic power generation device combines a solar absorption technology, a thermal photovoltaic technology, a near-field thermal radiation technology and a metamaterial technology, has a simple and stable device structure, can better adapt to complex and changeable working environments, is not interfered by weather factors to stably supply energy, has high efficiency, no fuel, sustainability and no pollution, has the advantages of simple structure, high device efficiency, high output power density, high safety, heat storage and energy storage and the like, and realizes novel efficient utilization of solar energy.
Because the utility model utilizes the near field radiation, the device has small design size, compact structure and high unit energy density, and can be miniaturized or miniaturized; due to the existence of the near field effect, the radiation intensity is increased sharply, and high device efficiency can be realized; due to the application of the energy storage technology, the device can realize no interference of weather factors and stable energy supply within 24 hours.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a near field-energy storage type solar thermal photovoltaic power generation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a metamaterial radiator/absorber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated and described with reference to a specific embodiment. The utility model discloses in the technical characteristics of each embodiment under the prerequisite that does not conflict each other, all can carry out corresponding combination.
The utility model discloses an energy storage type solar thermal photovoltaic device utilizing near field thermal radiation technology, which comprises an absorption cavity 2, an absorber 4, a heat exchanger 6, a heat storage chamber 5, a radiator 9 and a photocell 10, wherein the absorption cavity 2 is arranged at the top of the absorber 4, the top of the absorption cavity 2 is provided with at least one opening for sunlight to enter, and the inner wall surface of the absorption cavity 2 is provided with a reflector 3 for reflecting the sunlight back to the absorber 4;
the absorber 4 comprises a single/multilayer ultrathin substrate 41 and periodic nanostructures 42 arranged on the upper surface of the ultrathin substrate; the heat exchanger 6 is composed of heat pipes, the heat exchanger 6 is used for strengthening heat exchange between the absorber 4 and the heat storage chamber 5 and between the heat storage chamber 5 and the radiator 9, a phase change material is arranged in the heat storage chamber 5, and the radiator 9 comprises a single/multilayer ultrathin substrate and a periodic nanostructure arranged on the lower surface of the ultrathin substrate; the photocell 10 is positioned below the radiator 9, the radiator 9 emits characteristic heat radiation to the photocell 10, the radiator 9 and the photocell 10 are separated by a nano vacuum gap, and the back of the photocell 10 is provided with a heat radiator. As the preferred scheme of the utility model, the absorption cavity 2 is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom, and the opening is positioned at the top; the wall surface is a continuous curved surface or is formed by connecting a plurality of planes and/or curved surfaces; and reflectors are arranged around the inner wall surface of the absorption cavity 2, and the radiation reflected by the absorber 4 is reflected back to the absorber 4 again.
The near-field energy storage type solar thermal photovoltaic device comprises an absorption cavity, wherein the absorption cavity is conical, the upper part of the absorption cavity is provided with a small opening capable of receiving highly concentrated solar radiation, and the inner surfaces of the peripheral side surfaces of the absorption cavity are provided with reflectors for reflecting the radiation reflected by the absorber back to the absorber again. The absorption cavity of the experimental device can be cone-like (for example, the absorption cavity is arranged into a cone, a regular tetrahedron, a triangular cone and the like, and the absorber is arranged on the bottom surface) or ball-like (for example, the solar concentrator is arranged into a ball with a small opening, the absorber is arranged on the inner surface opposite to the small opening in an arc shape, and the other inner surfaces are provided with reflectors).
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the absorber is located at the bottom of the absorption cavity, the heat storage chamber is connected to the bottom of the absorber, the nano-structure can be a periodic non-tapered multi-layer cavity type, and the multi-layer structure and the cavity structure can well improve the absorption performance of the absorber in the solar radiation wave band, as shown in fig. 2, the present invention discloses a solar heat collectorThe absorber takes a periodic multilayer circular ring as an example, the radius and the thickness of the inner circle of the circular ring are both required to be in a nanometer scale (less than 1000 nanometers); the material of the multilayer structure may be W-Al2O3-W-Al2O3The layers are arranged alternately, the number of the layers is 12 (generally 3-50 layers), and the materials can also be selected from high-temperature resistant materials such as platinum, molybdenum, boron and the like. The thickness of the ultrathin substrate is 0.05(0.01-100) micron.
As shown in fig. 1, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchanger 6 comprises a first heat pipe set and a second heat pipe set, the first heat pipe set is disposed in the phase change material, and the evaporation section thereof is in contact with the back of the absorber; the second heat pipe set is arranged in the phase change material, and a condensation section of the second heat pipe set is in contact with the back surface of the radiator; the first and second heat pipe sets are not in contact inside the phase change material.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the phase transition temperature of the working medium in the first heat pipe set is higher than the phase transition temperature of the working medium in the second heat pipe set. The working medium in the first heat pipe set is calcium (1484 ℃), and the working medium in the second heat pipe set is lithium (1374 ℃). The phase-change temperature of the phase-change material of the heat storage chamber needs to be between the working temperatures of the first heat pipe and the second heat pipe, and the selected phase-change material is silicon (1410 ℃).
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the radiator is located at the bottom of the heat storage chamber, and the thickness of the ultra-thin substrate is 0.01 to 100 micrometers; the nano structure can be a periodic conical multi-layer cavity type, the temperature of the ultrahigh-temperature radiator is usually 1000-; taking a periodic multilayer truncated cone metamaterial radiator as an example, the high emissivity spectral range of the radiator can be improved by increasing the radius of a ring, and the radius and the thickness of the inner circle of each layer of the truncated cone are required to be in a nanometer scale (less than 1000 nanometers); the material of the multilayer structure may be Si3N4-W-Si3N4Alternately arranged, the number of layers can be 3-50, and the material can also be high temperature resistant material such as platinum, molybdenum, boron and the like。
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the nano vacuum gap 7 is 150-; the photocell is a low-energy-gap band battery and a series/parallel connection mode thereof. The high-performance photovoltaic cell adopts GaSb, has lower forbidden band width and good matching performance with the selected high-performance selective radiator.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises a concentrator, the concentrator being arranged above the absorber, the concentrator concentrating the solar radiation and reflecting or transmitting it into the absorption cavity. The device also comprises a filtering device which is arranged on the surface of the photocell and is used for selectively filtering the radiant energy radiated by the radiator; the absorbed radiation spectrum of the photovoltaic module is made to more closely match the external quantum efficiency curve of the respective photovoltaic module.
The utility model discloses a specific embodiment, the radiator uses high specific heat, low-cost water as working medium, adopts the inner thread structure to increase the torrent of water in flow process simultaneously, and then the reinforcing heat transfer. For controlling the photovoltaic cell at optimum operating temperature
The solar radiation is concentrated and enters the absorption cavity through a small opening above the absorber. On one hand, part of solar radiation can be reflected by the absorber, on the other hand, the absorber can release thermal radiation at high temperature, the reflecting mirror is arranged on the side surface of the absorption cavity, the two parts of unused thermal radiation can be repeatedly reflected to the absorber, and further, the full absorption of the solar radiation is realized.
The utility model discloses but the shell of device and other supporting component selection high performance refractory material can use repeatedly, do not receive the surrounding environment influence, and can set up the thermal insulation layer according to the condition.
The solar radiation is received by the absorber and heats the absorber, the reflector arranged on the inner surface of the absorber side can reflect the radiation which is not absorbed back to the absorber again, and the absorber is heated repeatedly, so that the full absorption of the solar radiation is realized; the heat exchanger is arranged on the back of the absorber, so that the heat of the absorber can be efficiently transmitted to the phase change heat storage material, and then the heat is transmitted to the radiator from the phase change heat storage material; the phase-change heat storage material can receive heat from the absorber, and store heat at constant temperature in a phase-change mode to provide a stable heat source for the radiator; the radiator can absorb heat from the phase-change material, heat the radiator to high temperature and emit specific heat radiation to the photocell, and the distance between the radiator and the photocell can be controlled in a near-field range (less than 3500 nanometers), so that the radiation can be transmitted to the photocell in an evanescent wave form; the photovoltaic cell receives the specific radiation from the radiator and emits electrical energy by the photoelectric effect. The radiator is a water-cooled radiator and can also be other working medium radiating devices. The cooling device pipeline is internally provided with structures such as internal threads and the like, so that heat exchange is enhanced. The photovoltaic cell module transfers redundant heat energy to the cooling device, the cooling device disperses the part of heat energy to the environment, and an intelligent temperature control device can be arranged to control the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell in an optimal range by adjusting the water flow.
The above-mentioned embodiments only represent some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. An energy storage type solar thermal photovoltaic device utilizing a near-field thermal radiation technology is characterized by comprising an absorption cavity, an absorber, a heat exchanger, a heat storage chamber, a radiator and a photocell, wherein the absorption cavity is arranged at the top of the absorber, the top of the absorption cavity is provided with at least one opening for sunlight to enter, and the inner wall surface of the absorption cavity is provided with a reflector for reflecting the sunlight back to the absorber;
the absorber comprises a single/multilayer ultrathin substrate and a periodic nanostructure arranged on the upper surface of the ultrathin substrate; the heat exchanger is composed of heat pipes and is used for strengthening heat exchange between the absorber and the heat storage chamber and between the heat storage chamber and the radiator, the phase change material is arranged in the heat storage chamber, and the radiator comprises a single/multilayer ultrathin substrate and a periodic nanostructure arranged on the lower surface of the ultrathin substrate; the photocell is located below the radiator, the radiator emits characteristic heat radiation to the photocell, the radiator and the photocell are separated through a nanometer vacuum gap, and the back of the photocell is provided with a heat radiator.
2. An energy storing solar thermal photovoltaic apparatus using near field thermal radiation technology as claimed in claim 1 wherein said absorption cavity is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom with an opening at the top; the wall surface is a continuous curved surface or is formed by connecting a plurality of planes and/or curved surfaces; and reflectors are arranged around the inner wall surface of the absorption cavity to reflect the radiation reflected by the absorber back to the absorber again.
3. An energy storing solar thermal photovoltaic apparatus using near field thermal radiation technology as claimed in claim 1 wherein the absorber is located at the bottom of the absorption cavity, the bottom of the absorber is connected to the heat storage chamber, and the thickness of the ultra thin substrate is 0.01-100 μm; the period of the periodic nano structure is 0.01-10 microns, and the size of the nano structure is 10-1000 nanometers; the nano structure is internally provided with a cavity, the minimum size of the cavity is 10 nanometers, and the nano structure is formed by alternately stacking multiple layers of materials in the thickness direction.
4. An energy storing solar thermal photovoltaic apparatus using near field thermal radiation technology as claimed in claim 1 wherein the heat exchanger comprises a first set of heat pipes and a second set of heat pipes, the first set of heat pipes being disposed within a phase change material with its evaporator section in contact with the back of the absorber; the second heat pipe set is arranged in the phase change material, and a condensation section of the second heat pipe set is in contact with the back surface of the radiator; the first and second heat pipe sets are not in contact inside the phase change material.
5. An energy storing solar thermal photovoltaic apparatus using near field thermal radiation technology as claimed in claim 4 wherein the phase change temperature of the working fluid in the first heat pipe set is higher than the phase change temperature of the working fluid in the second heat pipe set.
6. An energy storing solar thermal photovoltaic apparatus using near field thermal radiation technology as claimed in claim 4 wherein the phase change temperature of the phase change material of the thermal storage chamber is between the operating temperature of the first heat pipe and the second heat pipe.
7. An energy storing solar thermal photovoltaic apparatus using near field thermal radiation technology as claimed in claim 1 wherein the radiator is located at the bottom of the thermal storage chamber and the ultra thin substrate has a thickness of 0.01-100 microns; the period of the periodic nano structure is 0.01-10 microns, and the size of the nano structure is 10-1000 nanometers; the nano structure is internally provided with a cavity, the minimum size of the cavity is 10 nanometers, and the nano structure is formed by alternately stacking multiple layers of materials in the thickness direction.
8. The energy storage solar thermal photovoltaic device using near-field thermal radiation technology of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the nano vacuum gap is 150-; the photocell is a low-energy-gap band battery and a series/parallel connection mode thereof.
9. An energy storing solar thermal photovoltaic apparatus using near field thermal radiation technology as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a concentrator disposed above the absorber, the concentrator concentrating solar radiation and reflecting or transmitting it into the absorption cavity.
10. An energy storing solar thermal photovoltaic apparatus using near field thermal radiation technology according to claim 1 further comprising filtering means disposed on the surface of the photovoltaic cell for selectively filtering the radiant energy radiated by the radiator.
CN202120479816.2U 2021-03-05 2021-03-05 Energy storage type solar thermal photovoltaic device utilizing near-field thermal radiation technology Active CN214480371U (en)

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