CN214428338U - Containment cooling system - Google Patents
Containment cooling system Download PDFInfo
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- CN214428338U CN214428338U CN202023279230.6U CN202023279230U CN214428338U CN 214428338 U CN214428338 U CN 214428338U CN 202023279230 U CN202023279230 U CN 202023279230U CN 214428338 U CN214428338 U CN 214428338U
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- containment
- outer shell
- cooling system
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- connecting pipe
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The embodiment of the utility model provides a containment cooling system, which comprises a first connecting pipe, a guide plate, an outer shell wrapped outside a containment, and a cooling liquid tank arranged on one side of the outer shell; an interlayer space is formed between the containment and the outer shell, and the guide plate is arranged in the interlayer space and divides the interlayer space into a plurality of communicated subspaces; the cooling liquid tank is communicated with a first end of the first connecting pipe, and a second end of the first connecting pipe penetrates through the outer shell to be communicated with a first subspace of the plurality of subspaces; the top end of the outer shell is provided with a first opening, heat in the containment is conducted out to cooling liquid in the interlayer space through the containment, and finally the heat is conducted out to the external environment through the first opening through evaporation, so that the temperature and the pressure in the containment can be reduced under the condition that an alternating current power supply is not needed.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a nuclear power plant safety technical field especially relates to a containment cooling system.
Background
When accident conditions such as large-break reactor coolant loss accidents and main steam pipeline breakage accidents of a nuclear power plant release a large amount of mass and energy to a containment vessel, the mass and the energy enter the containment vessel, so that the temperature and the pressure of the containment vessel are rapidly increased, and the containment vessel has the risk of overpressure failure.
To ensure the integrity of the containment, the heat in the containment needs to be continuously conducted away. The generally adopted containment cooling mode is that the inside of a containment is sprayed, and an alternating current power supply is required; the outer wall surface of the containment is sprayed, water films are utilized for natural convection and evaporative cooling, the top of a water source is required to be arranged, the shock resistance is poor, and the design of a water film covering and distributing device is complex; the heat exchanger is arranged inside and outside the containment vessel, so that the arrangement of an internal system and equipment in the containment vessel is greatly influenced; the steam in the containment is condensed by utilizing the suppression principle, and the heat conduction efficiency is greatly reduced in the later period of an accident.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The embodiment of the utility model provides a containment cooling system can solve in the containment cooling process, need not to rely on alternating current power supply's problem.
In order to solve the technical problem, the present application is implemented as follows:
an embodiment of the utility model provides a containment cooling system, include: the containment comprises a first connecting pipe, a guide plate, an outer shell wrapped outside a containment, and a cooling liquid tank arranged on one side of the outer shell;
an interlayer space is formed between the containment and the outer shell, and the guide plate is arranged in the interlayer space and divides the interlayer space into a plurality of communicated subspaces;
the cooling liquid tank is communicated with a first end of the first connecting pipe, and a second end of the first connecting pipe penetrates through the outer shell to be communicated with a first subspace of the plurality of subspaces;
the top end of the outer shell is provided with a first opening.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an in, coolant liquid in the coolant liquid case gets into the first subspace of intermediate layer space through first connecting pipe, under the effect of guide plate, coolant liquid gets into other subspaces that are linked together with first subspace, until the coolant liquid is covered with whole intermediate layer space, and submerge whole containment, the inside heat of containment is derived to coolant liquid through the containment, finally derive the heat to external environment through first opening through the evaporation, make under the condition that need not alternating current power supply, can reduce the inside temperature of containment and pressure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a containment cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another containment cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a containment cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the containment cooling system includes: the containment comprises a first connecting pipe 10, a flow guide plate 20, an outer shell 40 wrapped outside a containment 30, and a cooling liquid tank 50 arranged on one side of the outer shell 40;
an interlayer space is formed between the containment vessel 30 and the outer shell 40, and the guide plate 20 is arranged in the interlayer space to divide the interlayer space into a plurality of mutually communicated subspaces;
the cooling liquid tank 50 is communicated with a first end of the first connecting pipe 10, and a second end of the first connecting pipe 10 is communicated with a first subspace of the plurality of subspaces through the outer shell 40;
the top end of the outer shell 40 is provided with a first opening 41.
The containment vessel, i.e., a reactor containment vessel, is a closed vessel for preventing radioactive substances from overflowing during operation or an accident of a nuclear reactor. When a nuclear power station reactor has an accident, a large amount of radioactive substances can be released, and the containment serves as a last nuclear safety barrier to completely isolate the last nuclear safety barrier from the external environment, so that the function of a safety protection barrier is realized, and the radioactive substances can be prevented from diffusing to pollute the surrounding environment. After the nuclear power plant has an accident, a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure fluid enters the containment vessel in a short time to cause the temperature and the pressure in the containment vessel to rise rapidly, so that the temperature and the pressure in the containment vessel are limited to rise, the situation that the containment vessel fails due to overpressure and the heat in the containment vessel needs to be continuously led out is avoided, and the radioactive substances of the nuclear power plant are prevented from being uncontrollably released to the external environment under the accident condition.
The containment vessel 30 is made of steel, the steel has the advantages of high hardness and high heat conductivity, when an accident occurs, the temperature and the pressure in the containment vessel 30 are continuously increased, the containment vessel 30 is subjected to huge pressure which is diffused outwards, the steel containment vessel is high in stability, and in addition, the containment vessel made of the steel can also be used as a heat transfer medium for leading out internal heat outwards.
The cooling liquid tank 50 is arranged on the upper portion of the outer shell 40 in a surrounding manner, the cooling liquid tank 50 and the containment vessel 30 form a height difference, the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid tank 50 flows into a first subspace in the interlayer space through the first connecting pipe 10 under the action of gravity, and under the action of the guide plate 20, the cooling liquid enters other subspaces communicated with the first subspace until the cooling liquid is distributed in the whole interlayer space and submerges the whole containment vessel 30.
In the embodiment, the heat inside the containment vessel 30 is derived by a passive mechanism, so that the nuclear power plant can still effectively operate under the accident condition of losing the alternating current power supply, and the reliability of the containment vessel cooling system is improved.
The coolant is composed of water, antifreeze, and additives, and may be alcohol-type, glycerin-type, or glycol-type coolant according to the antifreeze component, but this embodiment is not limited thereto.
In addition, an outer shell wrapping the outer side of the containment vessel 30 is additionally arranged outside the containment vessel, so that the safety performance is higher compared with a single-layer containment vessel.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an in, coolant liquid in the coolant liquid case 50 gets into the first subspace of intermediate layer space through first connecting pipe 10, under guide plate 20's effect, the coolant liquid gets into other subspaces that are linked together with first subspace, until the coolant liquid is covered with whole intermediate layer space, and submerge whole containment 30, the inside heat of containment 30 is derived to coolant liquid through containment 30, finally derive the heat to external environment through first opening 41 through the evaporation, make under the condition that need not alternating current power supply, can reduce the inside temperature and the pressure of containment.
Optionally, a second opening 42 is provided on the side wall of the outer shell 40;
the gas used to cool containment vessel 30 enters a second subspace of the plurality of subspaces, the subspace being the closest to containment vessel 30, through second opening 42 and exits first opening 41.
After the coolant in the coolant tank 50 is exhausted, the liquid level of the coolant submerged outside the containment vessel 30 is continuously lowered due to evaporation, and at this time, the gas for cooling the containment vessel 30 enters a second subspace among the plurality of subspaces through the second opening 42, wherein the second subspace is the subspace closest to the containment vessel 30 among the plurality of subspaces, flows towards the first opening 41 on the outer shell 40 under the action of the pressure difference caused by the temperature difference and the density difference, and is cooled by natural convection of air on the outer wall surface of the containment vessel 30 for a long time, so that the heat in the containment vessel is continuously led out to the external environment.
The second opening 42 provided in the outer shell 40 should have a distance from the first opening 41.
Optionally, the containment vessel further includes a suppression tank 60 and a second connection pipe 70, the second connection pipe 70 communicating the suppression tank 60 with the containment vessel 30.
The containment is used as a safety protection system of the nuclear power station, when the pressure of the containment rises, the pressure of the containment can be relieved by actively relieving the pressure of the containment, and the integrity of the containment is maintained.
In this embodiment, the pressure-restraining box 60 and the second connecting pipe 70 are provided, wherein the second connecting pipe 70 connects the pressure-restraining box 60 with the containment 30, after an accident occurs, a certain pressure difference is formed between the containment 30 and the pressure-restraining box 60, high-temperature steam and incondensable gas in the containment 30 enter the pressure-restraining box 60 through the second connecting pipe 70, cooling liquid is provided in the pressure-restraining box 60, the high-temperature gas is condensed through the cooling liquid, and a part of the high-temperature high-pressure steam is released through the pressure-restraining box 60, so as to cool and depressurize the containment 30.
In addition, the high-temperature steam contains radioactive substances, and part of the radioactive substances are retained in the cooling liquid, so that the effect of reducing the content of the radioactive substances in the high-temperature steam is achieved.
Optionally, the containment vessel further includes a filter member 80, the pressure-suppressing tank 60 has a third opening, and the filter member 80 is disposed outside the pressure-suppressing tank 60 and covers the third opening.
The gas released from the containment vessel contains radioactive substances and needs to be filtered before being discharged, wherein the filter element 80 may be a metal filter, a venturi washing filter, or a combination of two filters, and the specific filter type is not limited in this embodiment. The radioactive substances released into the environment can be reduced by filtering the radioactive substances of the exhaust gas by means of a filtering device mounted on the pressure relief line.
In this embodiment, the third opening is provided in the suppression box 60, and the filter member 80 is provided in the third opening, so that the radioactive substances released into the environment can be reduced by filtering the radioactive substances that are discharged from the suppression box 60.
Optionally, the containment further includes a first valve 11, and the first valve 11 is disposed on the first connecting pipe 10 and is used for connecting or disconnecting the first connecting pipe 10.
The first valve 11 is arranged on the first connecting pipe 10, after an accident occurs, when the temperature of the cooling liquid in the pressure suppression box 60 is detected to rise to a certain limit value, the first valve 11 is automatically opened, the first connecting pipe is used for communicating the cooling liquid box 50 with the interlayer space, the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid box 50 flows to the interlayer space through the first connecting pipe 10, the cooling liquid is fully distributed in the whole interlayer space and submerges the whole containment vessel 30, and therefore the cooling liquid can rapidly cool the outer wall of the containment vessel 30; when the nuclear power station normally operates or the temperature in the containment vessel is lower than the limit value, the first valve 11 is automatically closed, the first connecting pipe 10 which connects the cooling liquid tank 50 with the interlayer space is isolated, and the cooling liquid tank 50 stops operating.
In this embodiment, the first valve 11 is provided, so that the coolant tank 50 is automatically opened or closed.
Optionally, the safety housing further includes a second valve 71, and the second valve 71 is disposed on the second connection pipe 70 and is used for connecting or disconnecting the second connection pipe 70.
The second valve 71 is arranged on the second connecting pipe 70, after an accident occurs, when the pressure difference between the containment vessel 30 and the suppression tank 60 exceeds a certain limit value, the second valve 71 is automatically opened, the second communicating pipe communicates the containment vessel 30 with the suppression tank 60, high-temperature steam and non-condensable gas in the containment vessel 30 flow to the suppression tank 60 through the second connecting pipe 70, and liquid is arranged in the suppression tank 60, so that the containment vessel 30 is depressurized and cooled; when the nuclear power plant normally operates or the differential pressure value is smaller than the limit value, the second valve 71 is automatically closed, the second connecting pipe 70 which connects the containment vessel 30 and the suppression tank 60 is cut off, and the suppression tank 60 stops operating.
In this embodiment, the second valve 71 is provided, so that the pressure-suppressing tank 60 is automatically opened or closed.
Optionally, the outer shell 40 is a concrete shield.
Concrete is a mixture of liquid cement and aggregate. When a certain amount of liquid is added, the liquid cement is liquefied to form a micro-opaque lattice structure so as to wrap and combine the aggregate into an integral structure. Concrete structures generally have strong compressive strength, but the tensile strength of concrete is low, usually about one tenth of the compressive strength, and any significant stretch bending action causes the micro-lattice structure to crack and separate, resulting in structural damage. Because the structural member (concrete shielding layer) has the requirement of tensile stress action, reinforcing steel bars are required to be added in the concrete, the reinforcing steel bars bear the tensile force, and the concrete bears the compressive stress part, so that the stability of the containment can be improved when an accident occurs.
In addition, the concrete shielding layer can also be a prestressed concrete shielding layer, and when an accident occurs, accident pressure load is borne by a large amount of bidirectional prestressed steel beams, so that the outer shell 40 cannot be subjected to brittle failure, the design pressure is not limited, and the safety and reliability of the outer shell 40 are improved.
Optionally, the flow guide plate 20 is provided with a through hole 21.
In this embodiment, after the liquid in the cooling liquid tank 50 is used up, the liquid submerged outside the containment vessel 30 continuously drops due to the evaporation liquid level, when the liquid level drops to the point that the through hole 21 is exposed, the cooling gas on both sides of the flow guide plate 20 forms natural convection under the action of the pressure difference caused by the temperature difference and the density difference, the cooling gas finally flows to the subspace closest to the containment vessel 30, and the outer wall surface of the containment vessel 30 is cooled by performing natural convection on the cooling gas and the outer wall surface of the containment vessel 30, so that the heat in the containment vessel is continuously conducted out to the external environment.
Referring to fig. 2, optionally, a heat exchanger 51 is disposed in the cooling liquid tank 50, the containment cooling system further includes a third connecting pipe 90, and the heat exchanger 51 is communicated with the containment 30 through the third connecting pipe 90.
Wherein, the cooling liquid tank 50 is arranged around the upper part of the outer shell 40, the heat exchanger 51 is arranged in the cooling liquid tank 50, and the heat exchanger 51 is a device for transferring partial heat of hot fluid to cold fluid. The heat exchanger 51 is communicated with a secondary loop steam generator of the nuclear power plant arranged in the containment vessel through a third connecting pipe 90, and high-temperature steam in the steam generator exchanges heat in the heat exchanger 51 through the third connecting pipe 90 and then flows back into the steam generator again.
The heat exchanger 51 may be a floating head heat exchanger 51, a fixed tube-plate heat exchanger 51, a U-shaped tube-plate heat exchanger 51, a plate heat exchanger 51, or the like, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In the embodiment, the heat exchanger 51 is disposed in the coolant tank 50, and the heat exchanger 51 is communicated with the steam generator disposed in the containment 30 through the third connecting pipe 90, so that the technical effect of condensing high-temperature steam in the steam generator is achieved.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, which are only illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A containment cooling system, comprising: the containment comprises a first connecting pipe, a guide plate, an outer shell wrapped outside a containment, and a cooling liquid tank arranged on one side of the outer shell;
an interlayer space is formed between the containment and the outer shell, and the guide plate is arranged in the interlayer space and divides the interlayer space into a plurality of communicated subspaces;
the cooling liquid tank is communicated with a first end of the first connecting pipe, and a second end of the first connecting pipe penetrates through the outer shell to be communicated with a first subspace of the plurality of subspaces;
the top end of the outer shell is provided with a first opening.
2. The containment cooling system of claim 1, wherein the outer shell sidewall has a second opening disposed therein;
and the gas for cooling the containment vessel enters a second subspace in the plurality of subspaces through the second opening and is discharged from the first opening, and the second subspace is the subspace which is closest to the containment vessel in the plurality of subspaces.
3. The containment cooling system of claim 1 further comprising a containment tank and a second connecting tube communicating the containment tank with the containment vessel.
4. The containment cooling system of claim 3 wherein the suppression tank further comprises a filter having a third opening, the filter being disposed outside of the suppression tank and covering the third opening.
5. The containment cooling system of claim 1 further comprising a first valve disposed on the first connection tube for opening or closing the first connection tube.
6. The containment cooling system of claim 3 further comprising a second valve disposed on the second connecting tube for communicating or shutting off the second connecting tube.
7. The containment cooling system of claim 1 wherein the outer shell is a concrete shield.
8. The containment cooling system of claim 1, wherein the baffle is provided with through holes.
9. The containment cooling system of claim 1, wherein a heat exchanger is disposed within the coolant tank, the containment cooling system further comprising a third connecting tube, the heat exchanger being in communication with the containment vessel through the third connecting tube.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023279230.6U CN214428338U (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Containment cooling system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023279230.6U CN214428338U (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Containment cooling system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN214428338U true CN214428338U (en) | 2021-10-19 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023279230.6U Active CN214428338U (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Containment cooling system |
Country Status (1)
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN214428338U (en) |
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2020
- 2020-12-30 CN CN202023279230.6U patent/CN214428338U/en active Active
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