CN214400132U - System of clean energy sea water desalination coupling salt difference energy power generation facility - Google Patents
System of clean energy sea water desalination coupling salt difference energy power generation facility Download PDFInfo
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- CN214400132U CN214400132U CN202023234022.4U CN202023234022U CN214400132U CN 214400132 U CN214400132 U CN 214400132U CN 202023234022 U CN202023234022 U CN 202023234022U CN 214400132 U CN214400132 U CN 214400132U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a clean energy sea water desalination coupling salt difference can power generation facility's system, the utility model discloses a system mainly comprises power supply system module, sea water desalination module and salt difference can power generation module, utilizes reverse osmosis technique to accomplish sea water desalination, utilizes the salt difference can to generate electricity, the utility model discloses utilize stable clean energy to carry out reverse osmosis embrane method sea water desalination, through the produced high salinity by-product of reverse electrodialysis salt difference can electricity generation absorption sea water desalination simultaneously, improve the feature of environmental protection of whole sea water desalination process, saved energy resource consumption, reduce the carbon and discharge, improve the economic benefits of sea water treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a clean energy sea water desalination and salt difference energy power generation technology, and also relates to the treatment of waste water; in particular to a method for coupling a reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination system and a reverse electrodialysis salt difference energy power generation system by utilizing wind-solar complementary power generation.
Background
The gradual scarcity of water resources has led to a serious dependence on seawater desalination in many countries. The sustainability of desalination of sea water remains an issue from the standpoint of cost and its impact on the environment.
At present, the mature technology of seawater desalination is mainly divided into two types: distillation (thermal) and membrane processes. The vast majority of the technologies used in operational desalination plants are multi-stage flash evaporation (MSF), multi-effect evaporation (MDF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO). Wherein, the multi-stage flash evaporation and the multi-effect evaporation both belong to one of distillation methods, and both are energy-intensive processing modes. The reverse osmosis membrane method is a membrane method in which seawater is separated from fresh water by a semipermeable membrane which allows only a solvent to permeate therethrough and does not allow a solute to permeate therethrough. The reverse osmosis technology has the greatest advantages of energy conservation, and the supply of clean energy such as offshore wind power, solar energy and the like as energy, thereby being beneficial to greatly reducing the production cost of seawater desalination and realizing the aims of high-efficiency and sustainable development of water resource departments.
Seawater desalination processes, particularly reverse osmosis, produce high salinity waste that is often injected back into the water source pool, which not only reduces the long-term feasibility of seawater desalination, but also threatens the marine ecosystem, creating a potentially more costly negative externality problem. Therefore, the research on the technology for solving the consumption and treatment of the high-salinity by-product is a key problem.
The reverse electrodialysis technology is one of the salt difference energy power generation technologies, utilizes the selective permeation of an ion exchange membrane to directly convert chemical energy mixed by salt solutions with different concentrations into electric energy, and has the advantages of cleanness, sustainability, no pollution, high energy density and the like. The application scene is not limited to river and sea junctions, and the seawater desalination device can be coupled with a seawater desalination device and can capture the salt difference energy between concentrated seawater and general seawater, so that the high-salinity byproducts of seawater desalination can be absorbed and reused, the economy and the environmental friendliness of seawater desalination are improved, and the sustainability of seawater desalination is facilitated.
In the reverse electrodialysis salt difference energy power generation process, the concentration of the solution has a great influence on the output power of power generation, for example, when the concentration of the dilute solution is too low, although the electrochemical potential difference between two sides of the ionic membrane can be increased, the resistance of the membrane stack can also be rapidly increased, and the power density is reduced instead. The average salinity of the world's oceans is 35 per thousand, i.e. about 35 grams of salt per kilogram of seawater. The conductivity of the membrane is about 30000 mu S/m, which is more than thousand times larger than that of ordinary lake water and river water, namely, the conductivity of the seawater is much higher than that of ordinary fresh water, and the seawater is taken as a dilute solution to ensure that the resistance of the membrane group is lower. For the seawater desalination by the reverse osmosis membrane method, the desalination rate is high and can reach 99%, the actual recovery rate is generally over 75%, sometimes even 90%, and therefore, the purity of the fresh water produced by the seawater desalination by the reverse osmosis membrane method is high; the concentration of the obtained concentrated seawater is about 4 times of that of common seawater (calculated according to the recovery rate of 75%), the seawater with the concentration is harmful to a marine ecosystem when being directly discharged into the sea, and the utilization rate of resources can be realized by utilizing the salt difference between the concentrated seawater and the common seawater to generate electricity, and meanwhile, the concentrated seawater can play a role in diluting the concentrated seawater, so that the influence of the concentrated seawater on the marine environment is reduced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a system and a method for utilizing clean energy to desalt sea water and utilizing salt difference energy to generate electricity to absorb high-salinity byproducts of sea water desalination. The method comprises the steps of supplying energy for seawater desalination by a reverse osmosis membrane method through wind power and photovoltaic complementary power generation, coupling a seawater desalination system with a reverse electrodialysis salt difference energy power generation system, utilizing the salt difference energy between seawater and concentrated seawater of a byproduct of seawater desalination to realize the consumption of the byproduct of seawater desalination with high salinity, and simultaneously generating electric energy to supply power for equipment for seawater desalination or other loads.
The purpose of the utility model is realized like this: a system of a clean energy sea water desalination coupling salt difference energy power generation device comprises a power supply module, a sea water desalination module and a salt difference energy power generation module, wherein the sea water desalination module comprises a reverse osmosis device, one end of the reverse osmosis device is connected with an ultrafilter, and the other end of the reverse osmosis device is respectively connected with a fresh water recovery tank and a concentrated water storage tank; the concentrated water storage tank is communicated with the salt difference energy power generation module through a third pump body; the salt difference energy power generation module mainly comprises a reverse electrodialysis device, a second pump body, a third pump body, a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve and an external load; an anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane are arranged in the reverse electrodialysis device, and a plurality of concentrated water chambers and fresh water chambers are formed by the anion exchange membranes and the cation exchange membranes which are alternately arranged.
The power source of the power supply module is one or more of wind power and photovoltaic renewable energy sources.
In the power supply module, an energy storage device is arranged to ensure stable power supply, and the energy storage device is one or more of a lithium battery and a sodium battery.
The seawater desalination module comprises an ultrafilter, a first high-pressure pump and a reverse osmosis device, wherein a reverse osmosis device fresh water outlet and a reverse osmosis device concentrated water outlet are formed in the reverse osmosis device, one end of the reverse osmosis device is connected with the ultrafilter, and the other end of the reverse osmosis device is respectively connected with a fresh water recovery tank and a concentrated water storage tank; the concentrated water storage tank is communicated with the salt difference energy power generation module through a third pump body.
In the system, a concentration sensor is arranged at a concentrated water outlet of a reverse electrodialysis device in a salt difference energy power generation module and used for detecting the concentration of concentrated seawater at the outlet, and when the concentration of the concentrated seawater is at a higher level, a three-way valve is adjusted and circulated to the concentrated water inlet for reuse; when the concentration of the concentrated seawater is low, the three-way valve is adjusted and directly discharged into the sea; the seawater at the fresh water outlet of the reverse electrodialysis device can be directly discharged into the sea.
Use of a system for treating wastewater.
When the system is used for treating wastewater, the wastewater is used for replacing seawater and enters the seawater desalination module.
The utility model provides a clean energy sea water desalination coupling salt difference can power generation facility's system has following beneficial effect:
1) the environment is protected: the utility model discloses utilize stable clean energy to carry out reverse osmosis membrane method sea water desalination, through the produced high salinity by-product of reverse electrodialysis salt difference energy electricity generation absorption sea water desalination, improve the feature of environmental protection of whole sea water desalination process simultaneously.
2) Energy conservation: compared with the current mature multistage flash evaporation (total energy consumption is about 10-16kWh/m3), the total energy consumption (about 3-4kWh/m3) of the reverse osmosis membrane method is probably 1/4 to 1/3.
3) Reduce carbon emission, improve economic benefits: with the increase of the installed capacity of new energy and the further reduction of the electricity price in the future, the carbon emission can be reduced by using clean energy for seawater desalination, the price of the reverse osmosis membrane seawater desalination is 1.65-2.2 yuan/cubic meter according to the price (0.55 yuan/degree) of the clean energy which is equivalent to the current electricity price, and the price is lower than the current price of tap water (2.8 yuan/cubic meter) of residents, so that the economic efficiency of the seawater desalination can be improved.
4) And (3) output stabilization: the utility model discloses utilize the electricity generation of salt difference energy can also produce stable electric energy when the sea water desalination high salinity by-product is absorbed, feed back the sea water desalination, and the compound reinforcing ion exchange membrane that uses can improve the output of whole device, when improving the feature of environmental protection, has also improved the economic benefits of whole process.
5) The environmental pollution is reduced: the utility model discloses utilized the sea water desalination module to carry out the processing of waste water, realized one set of two kinds of usage of device, can adjust according to the use operating mode of difference.
Drawings
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the clean energy seawater desalination coupled salt-difference energy power generation device and system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the device and system for generating electricity by coupling salt difference energy for wastewater treatment.
In the figure: 1. a wind power generation system, 2, a photovoltaic power generation system, 3, a wind-solar complementary controller, 4, a DC/AC converter, 5, an energy storage device, 6, a first DC/AC converter, 7, a second DC/AC converter, 8, an ultrafilter, 9, a first high-pressure pump, 10, a reverse osmosis device, 11, a reverse osmosis device fresh water outlet, 12, a reverse osmosis device concentrated water outlet, 13, a fresh water recycling box, 14, a concentrated water storage tank, 15, a first variable frequency pump, 16, the device comprises a second variable frequency pump, 17, a first three-way valve, 18, a second three-way valve, 19, a concentration sensor, 20, a concentrated water inlet, 21, a fresh water inlet, 22, a cathode plate, 23, a cation exchange membrane, 24, an anode plate, 25, an anion exchange membrane, 26, a fresh water chamber, 27, a concentrated water chamber, 28, a concentrated water outlet, 29, a fresh water outlet, 30, an external load, 31 and a filtering device.
Detailed Description
Example 1: the present invention is illustrated by taking seawater desalination as an example.
The whole system is divided into three modules which are respectively a power supply system module, a seawater desalination module and a salt difference energy power generation module.
The power supply system module mainly supplies power to the seawater desalination system and mainly comprises a wind power generation system 1, a photovoltaic power generation system 2, an energy storage device 5, a DC/AC converter 4, a first DC/AC converter 6 and a wind-solar hybrid controller 3.
The photovoltaic power generation system 2 in the utility model generates direct current, therefore, a DC/AC converter 4 is added at the output end, and the concrete proportion is controlled by a wind-solar complementary controller 3; because the wind and light resources have certain intermittence and fluctuation, in order to ensure the power supply stability, the energy storage device 5 is added for peak regulation, the energy storage device can be charged when the wind and light power generation is excessive, and the external power supply is realized through the energy storage device when the power generation is insufficient. The energy storage device can be one or more of lithium batteries, sodium batteries and the like in the electrochemical energy storage device, and the capacity of the energy storage device is determined according to the scale of the seawater desalination plant.
The utility model provides a sea water desalination module mainly comprises ultrafilter 8, first high-pressure pump 9, reverse osmosis unit 10, reverse osmosis unit fresh water export 11, reverse osmosis unit dense water export 12, fresh water recovery case 13 and dense water storage tank 14 etc.. One end of the reverse osmosis device 10 is connected with the ultrafilter 8, and the other end is respectively connected with the fresh water recovery tank 13 and the concentrated water storage tank 14; the concentrated water storage tank 14 is communicated with the salt-difference energy power generation module through a third pump body 16.
The salt difference energy power generation module mainly comprises a reverse electrodialysis device, a first variable frequency pump 15, a second variable frequency pump 16, a first three-way valve 17, a second three-way valve 18 and an external load 30; the reverse electrodialysis device comprises a membrane group consisting of an anion exchange membrane 25 and a cation exchange membrane 23, a cathode plate 22, an anode plate 24, a concentrated water inlet 20, a concentrated water outlet 28, a fresh water inlet 21, a fresh water outlet 29, a concentrated water chamber 27, a fresh water chamber 26, a concentrated water flow channel, a fresh water flow channel, a concentration sensor 19 and the like.
The anion exchange membranes 23 and the cation exchange membranes 25 are arranged in the reverse electrodialysis device, and the anion exchange membranes 23 and the cation exchange membranes 25 which are alternately arranged form a plurality of concentrated water chambers 27 and fresh water chambers 26. The concentrated seawater flows into the concentrated water channel through the concentrated water inlet 20 through the second variable frequency pump 16 and enters the concentrated water chamber 27, the filtered seawater is driven by the first variable frequency pump 15 to flow into the fresh water channel through the fresh water inlet 21 and enter the fresh water chamber 26, and due to the difference of salt concentration on two sides of the ion exchange membrane, ions can migrate through the exchange membrane to generate potential difference and are output to the load 30 through the cathode plate 22 and the anode plate 24; the number of anion exchange membrane and cation exchange membrane groups and the area size of the membranes are determined according to the scale of the seawater desalination plant.
The output power of the reverse electrodialysis device is obtained by a Kirchhoff rule according to a calculation formula:
wherein I is current; rloadIs an external resistor; u represents potential energy difference; rstackIs the stack resistance.
Wherein, U is mainly related to the concentration difference of salt solutions at two sides of the membrane, and the formula shows that the output power of the reverse electrodialysis device can be improved by reducing the resistance of the membrane stack.
The ohmic resistance of the reverse electrodialysis device is composed of a membrane resistance, a solution resistance of a concentrated/dilute chamber (HC/LC) and an electrode resistance, and if the non-ohmic resistance is ignored, the calculation formula of the membrane stack resistance is as follows:
wherein N represents the membrane number of pairs; a represents a membrane electrode; rAEM、RCEMRespectively, anion and cation exchange membrane resistance; dHC、dLCRespectively representing the thickness of a thick chamber and a thin chamber; kappaHC、κLCRespectively representing the conductivity of the thick chamber and the conductivity of the thin chamber; relThe resistance generated by the electrode reaction is negligible when the number of film pairs is sufficiently large.
As can be seen from the formula, decreasing the membrane resistance and the solution resistance can decrease the membrane stack resistance, thereby increasing the output power of the device.
The preparation method of the anion exchange membrane 25 and the cation exchange membrane 23 in the utility model comprises respectively and uniformly coating two kinds of ionomer resin solutions on the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film, waiting for the ionomer solution to slowly permeate into micropores of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film, then uniformly coating a small amount of ionomer solution on the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film, waiting for the ionomer solution to slowly permeate into the micropores of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film, repeating the operation for many times until the micropores of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film are full of the ionomer solution, and then waiting for the solvent to volatilize; wherein, the concentration of the ionomer resin solution is 10-20%, the selected polar aprotic solvent is one or more of DMF, NMP and DMAc, after the solvent is volatilized, vacuum constant-temperature heat treatment is carried out, the heat treatment temperature is 80-100 ℃, the heat treatment time is 8-20h, the preferential heat treatment temperature is 91 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 13 h.
The ionomer resin used for preparing the cation exchange membrane is sulfonated polyether ether ketone or sulfonated polyimide resin; the ionomer resin used for preparing the anion exchange membrane is resin such as quaternized polyaryl ether or polyaryl piperidine type.
After the heat treatment, carrying out hot pressing treatment on the membrane, wherein the hot pressing temperature is 90-120 ℃, and the preferred temperature is 105 ℃; promote the effective compounding of ionomer and polytetrafluoroethylene on one hand and promote the effective compounding of ionomer and polytetrafluoroethylene on the other handThe thickness of the film is controlled to be between 100 and 120 mu m, and the thickness of the film is reduced under the condition of ensuring that the film has equivalent ion exchange capacity, so that the resistance of the film is reduced; the expansion of the membrane can be inhibited through the composition with the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene framework, the selective permeability of the membrane is improved, and the power density of the reverse osmosis device is improved; artificially prepared sodium chloride solution is used as a test: the concentration of the concentrated water is 3-6mol/L, the concentration of the dilute solution is 0.3-0.6mol/L, and the area of the membrane is 30 multiplied by 30cm2-60×60cm2The power density obtained is about 2-6W/cm2。
The concentration of the fresh water discharged from a fresh water outlet 29 of the reverse electrodialysis device is low, and the fresh water can be directly discharged into the sea; the water flow at the concentrated water outlet 28 returns to the concentrated water inlet 20; the concentration of the concentrated water introduced into the reverse electrodialysis device is regulated and controlled by adjusting flow regulating valves on a concentrated water outlet of the reverse osmosis device and a concentrated water inlet pipeline of the reverse electrodialysis device, and the concentrated water is monitored by a concentration sensor 19 and discharged into the sea when the concentration of the concentrated water outlet of the reverse electrodialysis device is low. Therefore, the concentrated water and the seawater used for generating the electricity by the reverse electrodialysis device can be ensured to always ensure relatively large concentration difference, and the whole reverse electrodialysis device is favorably enabled to have high power density.
The method for desalting seawater and generating power by using the system mainly comprises the following steps:
s1: power supply of the power module: the electric power is obtained through one or more of the wind power generation system 1, the photovoltaic power generation system 2 or other renewable energy sources, and the obtained electric power is adjusted through the wind-solar hybrid controller 3, and then the electric power part is adjusted through the second DC/AC converter 7 to supply power for the seawater desalination module; part of the electric power is stored by the energy storage device 5 and is supplied to the seawater desalination module after being regulated by the first DC/AC converter 6;
s2: sea water desalination:
s21: primary filtering: pumping seawater, introducing a part of seawater treated by the steps of precipitation, pH adjustment, sterilization, softening and the like into an ultrafilter 8 to further filter suspended matters and the like in the seawater, and then introducing the ultrafiltered seawater into a reverse osmosis device; in the step, suspended particles or substances such as seaweed and microorganisms in the seawater are removed through links such as sand filtration, flocculation precipitation, sterilization, filtration and ultrafiltration, the quality of the seawater is improved, and therefore the pollution and blocking probability to the membrane in the reverse osmosis and electrodialysis processes are reduced, and the service life of the seawater is prolonged;
s22: reverse osmosis treatment: introducing the ultrafiltered seawater part into a reverse osmosis device 10 and pressurizing by a first high-pressure pump 9 to promote seawater desalination to obtain fresh water and concentrated seawater, introducing the fresh water into a fresh water recovery tank, and introducing the obtained concentrated seawater into a concentrated water storage tank;
s3: generating electricity by using salt difference energy: the obtained fresh water and concentrated seawater enter a salt difference energy power generation module, and the directional migration of anions and cations is caused by the difference of the concentrations of the seawater on the two sides of the anion and cation membranes, so that potential difference power generation is generated.
Example 2: the utility model is illustrated by taking waste water as an example. The scheme is not only suitable for sea water desalination, but also suitable for scenes such as wastewater treatment, and for the scene of wastewater treatment, the wastewater is inorganic industrial wastewater or domestic sewage, the concentrated water introduced into the reverse electrodialysis device is the concentrated water obtained by separating the wastewater through the filtering device 31 and the reverse osmosis device, and the fresh water introduced into the reverse electrodialysis device is one or more of rainwater or river water subjected to pretreatment such as filtering.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a clean energy sea water desalination coupling salt difference can power generation facility's system, includes power module, its characterized in that: the system also comprises a seawater desalination module and a salt difference energy power generation module, wherein the seawater desalination module comprises a reverse osmosis device (10), one end of the reverse osmosis device (10) is connected with the ultrafilter (8), and the other end of the reverse osmosis device is respectively connected with a fresh water recovery tank (13) and a concentrated water storage tank (14); the concentrated water storage tank (14) is communicated with the salt difference energy power generation module through a third pump body (16); the salt difference energy power generation module mainly comprises a reverse electrodialysis device, a second pump body (15), a third pump body (16), a first three-way valve (17), a second three-way valve (18) and an external load (30); an anion exchange membrane (23) and a cation exchange membrane (25) are arranged in the reverse electrodialysis device, and the anion exchange membranes (23) and the cation exchange membranes (25) which are alternately arranged form a plurality of concentrated water chambers (27) and fresh water chambers (26).
2. The system of clean energy sea water desalination coupled salt difference energy power generation device of claim 1, characterized in that: the power source of the power supply module is one or more of wind power and photovoltaic renewable energy sources.
3. The system of clean energy sea water desalination coupled salt difference energy power generation device of claim 1, characterized in that: and an energy storage device is arranged in the power supply module, and the energy storage device is one or more of a lithium battery and a sodium battery.
4. The system of clean energy sea water desalination coupled salt difference energy power generation device of claim 1, characterized in that: the seawater desalination module comprises an ultrafilter (8), a first high-pressure pump (9) and a reverse osmosis device (10), wherein a reverse osmosis device fresh water outlet (11) and a reverse osmosis device concentrated water outlet (12) are formed in the reverse osmosis device (10), one end of the reverse osmosis device (10) is connected with the ultrafilter (8), and the other end of the reverse osmosis device (10) is respectively connected with a fresh water recovery tank (13) and a concentrated water storage tank (14); the concentrated water storage tank (14) is communicated with the salt difference energy power generation module through a third pump body (16).
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| PCT/CN2021/118922 WO2022142489A1 (en) | 2020-12-28 | 2021-09-17 | System and method for clean energy seawater desalination and salinity gradient power generation device |
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| US11502322B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump |
| US11502323B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof |
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| CN112723640A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-30 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | System and method for clean energy sea water desalination coupling salt difference energy power generation device |
| US11502322B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump |
| US11502323B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof |
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| US12107308B2 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2024-10-01 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof |
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