CN214383762U - Two-stage hydrolysis device for waste plastics - Google Patents

Two-stage hydrolysis device for waste plastics Download PDF

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CN214383762U
CN214383762U CN201821476095.4U CN201821476095U CN214383762U CN 214383762 U CN214383762 U CN 214383762U CN 201821476095 U CN201821476095 U CN 201821476095U CN 214383762 U CN214383762 U CN 214383762U
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pressure
hydrolysis
primary
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waste plastic
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王光伟
陈鸿珍
李友凤
林锦良
谢波
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Zunyi Normal University
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Zunyi Normal University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device is hydrolysised to abandonment plastics two-stage, include: the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system is configured to carry out primary hydrolysis treatment on the waste plastics; the feed inlet of the second-stage high-pressure hydrolysis system is communicated with the discharge outlet of the first-stage high-pressure hydrolysis system and is configured to carry out secondary hydrolysis treatment on the primary hydrolysis product; the waste plastic crushing system is configured to crush waste plastics and convey the crushed waste plastics to the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system; the batching pumping system is configured to pump the batching of the water and the mother liquor from the high-pressure pumping system to the preheating system, and the batching is preheated and then conveyed to the first-stage high-pressure hydrolysis system; the utility model discloses make waste plastic realize effective processing after two-stage high temperature water under high pressure thermal degradation, gained solid residue handles according to conventional method, and gaseous state component is through absorbing the evacuation after purifying, and liquid material is collected after purifying as required, the recycle of being convenient for.

Description

Two-stage hydrolysis device for waste plastics
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a waste plastic two-stage hydrolysis unit especially relates to waste plastic carries out two-stage hydrothermal degradation's device under high temperature high pressure condition, belongs to the environmental protection field.
Background
The plastic has the excellent characteristics of light weight, insulation, heat insulation, beauty, corrosion resistance, easy processing and the like, can replace a large amount of materials such as metal, wood, paper and the like, and is widely applied to various fields of national economy and production and life. When the purpose of use or the service life of the plastic product is reached, the plastic product is discarded to become waste plastic, and pollutions to cities, rural areas, rivers, lakes and the like are formed to different degrees, and the pollutions are vividly called as 'white pollution'.
The plastic product industry is the prop industry of the light industry in China. Since 2010, the output of plastic products in China is steadily increased, and the output is higher than 5000 ten thousand tons. 7000 ten thousand tons are broken through in 2014, and 7387 ten thousand tons are reached. Reach 7560 ten thousand tons in 2015. The development and utilization of such huge quantities of plastic products after disposal has received a high level of attention from the government sector. At present, the recycling rate of waste plastics in China is low. The overall recovery rate is only 5%, the incineration rate is only 2%, and the recovery rate is up to 93% when the waste water is sent to a landfill for treatment. According to the planning of related national departments, the recycling ratio of the waste plastics is gradually improved in the thirteen-five period, and 50 percent of the waste plastics can be recycled by the year 2020. Therefore, it is urgent to increase the recovery rate of waste plastics to reduce the landfill amount.
Organic reagents such as methanol, ethanol, amine (ammonia), benzene, toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, dihydric alcohol and the like are used as solvents, and waste plastics can be effectively degraded under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure to obtain micromolecular compounds with potential utilization values. However, because the cost of the reagent is high and the reagent has certain environmental hazard, organic reagents such as benzene, toluene, xylene and tetrahydrofuran are important environmental pollutants. In addition, because the waste plastic has complicated components, the degraded product also presents a condition of coexistence of various substances which can interact with the used degradation reagent, and the separation and purification of the degraded product are increased by difficulty. In recent years, water under high temperature and high pressure conditions having special physicochemical properties has attracted attention as a green reagent, but further studies have been required for reasonably applying water under high temperature and high pressure conditions to degradation treatment of waste plastics and recycling of the waste plastics.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is: the device for carrying out two-stage hydrolysis treatment on the waste plastic under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure enables the waste plastic to be effectively treated after two-stage high-temperature and high-pressure water thermal degradation, the obtained solid residues are treated according to a conventional method, gaseous components are emptied after absorption and purification, and liquid substances are collected after purification treatment according to needs, so that the waste plastic is convenient to recycle and overcomes the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the utility model is that: a two-stage waste plastic hydrolysis device comprises:
the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system is configured to carry out primary hydrolysis treatment on the waste plastics;
the feed inlet of the second-stage high-pressure hydrolysis system is communicated with the discharge outlet of the first-stage high-pressure hydrolysis system and is configured to carry out secondary hydrolysis treatment on the primary hydrolysis product;
the waste plastic crushing system is communicated with the feeding hole of the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system and is configured to crush waste plastics and convey the crushed waste plastics to the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system;
the batching pumping system comprises a high-pressure pumping system and a preheating system, wherein the high-pressure pumping system is connected with the preheating system, the preheating system is connected with a feeding hole of the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system, and the batching pumping system is configured to pump batching of water and mother liquor from the high-pressure pumping system to the preheating system, and convey the batching to the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system after preheating.
The device also comprises a reduced-pressure separation system, wherein the feed end of the reduced-pressure separation system is communicated with the discharge hole of the secondary high-pressure hydrolysis system, and the reduced-pressure separation system is suitable for separating a hydrolyzed product into gas, liquid and solid under reduced pressure.
The absorption and purification equipment is connected with the reduced-pressure separation system and is suitable for carrying out absorption and purification treatment on the gas subjected to reduced-pressure separation by the reduced-pressure separation system.
The device also comprises a sedimentation treatment device, wherein the sedimentation treatment device is connected with the decompression separation system and is suitable for carrying out sedimentation treatment on the liquid and the solid which are subjected to decompression separation by the decompression separation system.
The separation and purification device is connected with the sedimentation treatment device and is suitable for carrying out separation and purification treatment on the liquid treated by the sedimentation treatment device.
The device also comprises a circulating conveying system, wherein the feeding end of the circulating conveying system is connected with the separation and purification equipment, the discharging end of the circulating conveying system is connected with the high-pressure pumping system, and the circulating conveying system is suitable for circularly conveying the mother liquor separated by the separation and purification equipment to the high-pressure pumping system.
The primary high-pressure hydrolysis system and the secondary high-pressure hydrolysis system are both high-pressure reaction kettles.
The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model provides a device that waste plastic carries out two-stage hydrolysis under high temperature high pressure condition, make waste plastic realize effective processing after the thermal degradation of two-stage high temperature high pressure water, gained solid residue handles according to conventional method, and gaseous state component is emptied after absorbing the purification, and liquid material is collected after purifying as required, the recycle of being convenient for. Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses a specific advantage as follows:
(1) the water is used as a treatment reagent to replace organic reagents such as methanol, ethanol, amine (ammonia), benzene, toluene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, dihydric alcohol and the like, and the waste plastics are degraded under certain temperature and pressure conditions, so that the method has the remarkable advantages of wide sources, low price, no toxicity, easiness or even no need of removing the waste plastics from final products and the like, can reduce the harm to human bodies and secondary pollution to the environment, simplifies the degradation products of plastic macromolecules and the purification thereof, and is favorable for recycling the degradation products.
(2) The primary high-pressure hydrolysis system and the secondary high-pressure hydrolysis system are organically combined, and the reaction materials are subjected to initial hydrolysis reaction under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure for a long time, a catalyst and stirring in the high-pressure reaction kettle, so that organic components in the waste plastic particles are hydrolyzed into liquid substances in the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system as far as possible. After the initial hydrolysis process is finished, the initial hydrolysis material is introduced into a secondary high-pressure hydrolysis system, and is converted into a target degradation component as far as possible under certain conditions of temperature, pressure, catalyst, other auxiliaries and stirring. The primary high-pressure hydrolysis system and the secondary high-pressure hydrolysis system are connected with each other and are different. After the two-stage hydrolysis process, the waste plastic not only realizes complete hydrothermal degradation treatment, but also is converted into a target degradation component with recycling value.
(3) The secondary hydrolysis is carried out next to the initial hydrolysis, the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of the initial hydrolysis reaction of the waste plastic particles in the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system are fully utilized, the energy required by the secondary hydrolysis reaction of the initial hydrolysis material in the secondary high-pressure hydrolysis system is greatly saved, and the reduction of the hydrothermal degradation cost of the waste plastic is facilitated.
(4) After the waste plastic is subjected to two-stage hydrolysis reaction, natural cooling and reduced pressure separation, a small amount of gas and solid can be separated and leave the system, the remaining liquid is purified, so that target degradation components can be conveniently separated out and collected for utilization, and the generated mother liquor enters a one-stage high-pressure hydrolysis system to realize recycling. The whole treatment process is reasonable and efficient, the waste plastic is recycled, other residual components are properly treated, secondary pollution is avoided, and the method is favorable for popularization and application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
referring to fig. 1, according to the utility model discloses a waste plastics two-stage hydrolysis unit, include: the system comprises a primary high-pressure hydrolysis system, a secondary high-pressure hydrolysis system, a waste plastic crushing system and a batching pumping system. The primary high-pressure hydrolysis system is a place for carrying out initial hydrolysis reaction on the waste plastics, and can carry out initial hydrolysis reaction on the crushed waste plastic particles in high-temperature high-pressure hot water; the secondary high-pressure hydrolysis system has the same structure as the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system and is mainly used for carrying out secondary hydrolysis treatment on the initial hydrolysis material output from the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system; the waste plastic crushing system is communicated with a feed inlet of the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system and is used for crushing waste plastics and conveying the crushed waste plastics to the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system; the batching pumping system is used for preheating the batching of the water and the mother liquor and then conveying the batching to the first-stage high-pressure hydrolysis system.
Preferably, the first-stage high-pressure hydrolysis system is a conventional high-pressure reaction kettle and is provided with facilities for stirring, heating, catalyst inlet, feeding, discharging, temperature and pressure monitoring and the like. The stirring facility is used for enabling the waste plastic particles to be in full contact with hydrothermal fluid and an oxidant and quickly transfer mass so as to accelerate the oxidation reaction of the waste plastic particles; the heating facility is used for ensuring that the temperature in the high-pressure reaction kettle can meet the actual requirement, so that the partial oxidation reaction of the waste plastics is carried out at a set temperature; the catalyst inlet is a facility for the catalyst to enter the high-pressure reaction kettle; the feed inlet is a facility connected with the batching pumping system, the oxidant pumping system and the waste plastic crushing system, so that reaction materials enter the high-pressure reaction kettle; the discharge port is a facility connected with the secondary high-pressure hydrolysis system, so that the reaction material after the initial hydrolysis is finished enters the secondary high-pressure hydrolysis system; the temperature and pressure monitoring is realized by a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor so as to monitor the temperature and the pressure inside the autoclave reactor in real time.
Preferably, the secondary high-pressure hydrolysis system is also a conventional high-pressure reaction kettle, the structure and function are the same as those of the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system, except that the discharge port of the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system is connected with the decompression separation system, and the rest structures are as described above and are not described again here.
In one example, the contents of the autoclave should not exceed 2/3, which is the effective volume of the body.
Preferably, the waste plastic pulverizing system is a conventional solid material pulverizer, which can pulverize waste plastics to a certain particle size range, so that the pulverized plastic particles can be conveniently conveyed to the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, and can be sufficiently contacted with high-pressure hot fluid to perform hydrolysis reaction.
Preferably, the batching pumping system comprises a high-pressure pumping system and a preheating system, the high-pressure pumping system is connected with the preheating system, the preheating system is connected with a feeding hole of the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system, and the batching pumping system is suitable for pumping the hydrolysis reagent amount prepared from water and mother liquor from the high-pressure pumping system to the preheating system, and conveying the preheated hydrolysis reagent amount to the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system. Preferably, the high-pressure pumping system adopts a high-pressure pump, and the preheating system is an electric heating system, such as a tubular electric heating device, one port of which is communicated with the outlet of the high-pressure pump, and the other port of which is connected with the feed inlet of the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system, i.e. the feed inlet of the high-pressure reaction kettle. Therefore, the hydrolysis reagent amount is pumped from the high-pressure pumping system to the preheating system, and is conveyed to the first-stage high-pressure hydrolysis system after being preheated.
In one example, the output pressure of the high pressure pumping system can reach 35 mpa, the actual working pressure can be set and regulated according to specific needs, the delivery rate ranges from 10 ml/min to 100 ml/min, and the actual delivery rate can be set and regulated according to specific needs.
In one example, the preheating system can preheat the materials conveyed by the high-pressure pumping system to 600 ℃ respectively, and the actual preheating temperature can be set and regulated according to specific needs.
In one example, the water and mother liquor are fed into the high pressure pumping system in a mass ratio ranging from 1:0.1 to 1:10, the actual ratio and the number of times the mother liquor is applied being determined according to specific needs.
In order to separate the products after high-temperature and high-pressure hydrolysis, a discharge hole of the secondary high-pressure hydrolysis system is also connected with a decompression separation system so as to decompress and separate the products after hydrolysis into gas, liquid and solid. Preferably, the decompression separation system is further connected with an absorption purification device so as to carry out absorption purification treatment on the gas decompressed and separated by the decompression separation system. For example, after the gas is separated, the obtained gas is treated by an absorbent or a purifying agent through an absorption purifying device and then is exhausted, so that the pollution of the waste gas to the environment is reduced.
Preferably, a sedimentation treatment device is connected behind the decompression separation system, so that the liquid and the solid which are decompressed and separated by the decompression separation system are subjected to sedimentation treatment. The sedimentation treatment equipment is preferably a sedimentation tank, and can realize liquid and fixed separation after a certain time of sedimentation treatment, wherein the upper layer is clear liquid, and the bottom is solid residue. In one example, the solid residue is treated according to a conventional method, and the supernatant is purified and collected according to actual needs to the target degradation component, so that the target degradation component is convenient to recycle,
preferably, a separation and purification device is further arranged after the sedimentation treatment device, so that the liquid treated by the sedimentation treatment device is subjected to separation and purification treatment, namely, the liquid is separated into a target product and a mother liquor.
Preferably, a circulating conveying system is arranged behind the separation and purification equipment, the feeding end of the circulating conveying system is connected with the separation and purification equipment, and the discharging end of the circulating conveying system is connected with the high-pressure pumping system, so that the mother liquor separated by the separation and purification equipment is circularly conveyed to the high-pressure pumping system, the cyclic utilization of the mother liquor is realized, and the decomposition cost of waste plastics is reduced. The circulating conveying system can be a conveying pipeline and can also be provided with a driving device, such as a pump.
The method for performing two-stage hydrolysis treatment on the waste plastics according to the two-stage hydrolysis device for the waste plastics comprises the following steps:
(1) reaction Material feeding
The first step is as follows: crushing the waste plastics to be treated by using a waste plastic crushing system according to requirements, and feeding the obtained crushed plastic particles into a primary high-pressure hydrolysis system;
the second step is that: the method comprises the following steps of (1) utilizing a batching pumping system to enable the hydrolysis reagent amount prepared by water and circulating mother liquor according to a preset mass proportion to enter a preheating system at a set speed, such as 20 ml/min, and enter a first-stage high-pressure hydrolysis system after being preheated to a set temperature, such as 450 ℃;
the third step: stopping high-pressure pumping and preheating of the hydrolysis reagent after the amount of the hydrolysis reagent entering the first-stage high-pressure hydrolysis system reaches a specified amount, so that the hydrolysis reagent stops entering the first-stage high-pressure hydrolysis system;
(2) initial hydrolysis reaction
The first step is as follows: starting stirring, heating and temperature control facilities of the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system to keep the temperature inside the high-pressure reaction kettle constant after reaching a set value, for example, 450 ℃;
the second step is that: adding a catalyst required by the initial hydrolysis reaction through a catalyst inlet on the high-pressure reaction kettle, closing the catalyst inlet after the addition is finished, and starting the initial hydrolysis reaction of the waste plastics;
the third step: after the initial hydrolysis reaction time meets the requirement, for example, 30 minutes, stopping heating and stirring facilities of the first-stage high-pressure hydrolysis system, and transferring the initial hydrolysis material into a second-stage high-pressure hydrolysis system through a discharge port;
(3) secondary hydrolysis reaction
The first step is as follows: starting stirring, heating and temperature control facilities of the secondary high-pressure hydrolysis system to keep the temperature inside the high-pressure kettle reactor constant after reaching a set value, for example 350 ℃;
the second step is that: adding a catalyst required by the secondary hydrolysis reaction through a catalyst inlet of the secondary high-pressure hydrolysis system, and starting the secondary hydrolysis process;
the third step: stopping the heating facility of the secondary high-pressure hydrolysis system after the secondary hydrolysis reaction time meets the requirement, and naturally cooling the temperature of the heating facility to be reduced to below 50 ℃ for example;
(4) separation of reaction materials
The first step is as follows: after the temperature of the secondary hydrolysate is naturally cooled, stopping stirring facilities of the high-pressure hydrolysis system, transferring the secondary hydrolysate to a reduced-pressure separation system, reducing the pressure of the system to normal pressure through a pressure reducing valve, separating gas, treating the obtained gas through absorption and purification equipment, and then emptying the gas;
the second step is that: introducing the residual materials without gas into a sedimentation treatment device, after sedimentation treatment for a certain time, introducing the supernatant into a separation and purification device for purification treatment, purifying and collecting the target degradation product, and conveying the remaining mother liquor into a high-pressure pumping system through a circulating conveying system for circulating application;
the third step: the residual solid after removing the liquid is mainly inorganic solid residue, and is treated by a conventional method such as landfill.
In the field, the mother liquor refers to residual liquor after extraction of target components in a liquid product, and is a general expression in the chemical production process, and the mother liquor is different due to different treatment processes. The utility model discloses in, the mother liquor is mainly for the aqueous solution that contains a minute amount of organic degradation product, and the water that adds in the cauldron in the earlier stage promptly is through a series of process back surplus, lets its cyclic utilization's aim at using water wisely to and the emission after making the processing is more clean. The proportion of the water to the waste plastic is determined according to specific conditions, and the treatment effect and efficiency of the waste plastic are not influenced. The utility model discloses well one-level high pressure system of hydrolysising's catalyst mainly is alkaline materials such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and second grade high pressure system of hydrolysising's catalyst mainly is sodium carbonate, materials such as calcium carbonate.
The utility model discloses a two-stage hydrothermal degradation, waste plastic obtains effective processing, and the direct evacuation in a small amount of gaseous material of gained after absorbing and purifying, and solid residue passes through conventional method and handles, and target degradation component purifies and collects according to actual need, and remaining mother liquor circulates and uses mechanically.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the specific preferred embodiments thereof, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments shown and described. To the utility model belongs to the technical field of ordinary technical personnel, do not deviate from the utility model discloses under the prerequisite of design, can also make a plurality of simple deductions or replacement, all should regard as belonging to the utility model discloses a protection scope.

Claims (5)

1. A two-stage waste plastic hydrolysis device is characterized by comprising:
the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system is configured to carry out primary hydrolysis treatment on the waste plastics;
the feed inlet of the second-stage high-pressure hydrolysis system is communicated with the discharge outlet of the first-stage high-pressure hydrolysis system and is configured to carry out secondary hydrolysis treatment on the primary hydrolysis product;
the waste plastic crushing system is communicated with the feeding hole of the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system and is configured to crush waste plastics and convey the crushed waste plastics to the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system;
the batching pumping system comprises a high-pressure pumping system and a preheating system, wherein the high-pressure pumping system is connected with the preheating system, the preheating system is connected with a feeding hole of the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system, and the batching pumping system is configured to pump batching of water and mother liquor from the high-pressure pumping system to the preheating system, and convey the batching to the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system after preheating.
2. The two-stage waste plastic hydrolysis apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a reduced-pressure separation system, wherein the feed end of the reduced-pressure separation system is communicated with the discharge hole of the secondary high-pressure hydrolysis system, and the reduced-pressure separation system is suitable for separating a hydrolyzed product into gas, liquid and solid under reduced pressure.
3. The two-stage waste plastic hydrolysis apparatus as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the absorption and purification equipment is connected with the reduced-pressure separation system and is suitable for carrying out absorption and purification treatment on the gas subjected to reduced-pressure separation by the reduced-pressure separation system.
4. The two-stage waste plastic hydrolysis apparatus as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the device also comprises a sedimentation treatment device, wherein the sedimentation treatment device is connected with the decompression separation system and is suitable for carrying out sedimentation treatment on the liquid and the solid which are subjected to decompression separation by the decompression separation system.
5. The two-stage waste plastic hydrolysis apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the primary high-pressure hydrolysis system and the secondary high-pressure hydrolysis system are both high-pressure reaction kettles.
CN201821476095.4U 2018-09-10 2018-09-10 Two-stage hydrolysis device for waste plastics Active CN214383762U (en)

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CN201821476095.4U CN214383762U (en) 2018-09-10 2018-09-10 Two-stage hydrolysis device for waste plastics

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201821476095.4U CN214383762U (en) 2018-09-10 2018-09-10 Two-stage hydrolysis device for waste plastics

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