CN214370220U

CN214370220U - Plasma melting furnace

Info

Publication number: CN214370220U
Application number: CN202120210755.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张柯; 林淑胜; 姜国财; 范景利; 韦光辉; 姜志军; 呼志杰; 蔡飞
Original assignee: Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-01-26
Filing date: 2021-01-26
Publication date: 2021-10-08
Anticipated expiration: 2031-01-26

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of waste treatment, and discloses a plasma melting furnace, which comprises an upper furnace structure, a lower furnace structure and a driving device, wherein a negative pressure furnace chamber is formed between the upper furnace structure and the lower furnace structure, and the lower furnace structure can be driven by the driving device to rotate relative to the upper furnace structure; the upper furnace structure is provided with a feed inlet communicated with the negative pressure hearth, a flue gas outlet and a plasma torch penetrating through the upper furnace structure; the lower furnace structure is provided with a slag discharge port communicated with the negative pressure hearth. Through setting up the lower furnace structure to be rotatory for the upper furnace structure relatively, waste material that gets into in the negative pressure furnace through the feed inlet can evenly distributed in negative pressure furnace's bottom, and simultaneously, the plasma torch can circulate and spray evenly on the waste material of negative pressure furnace bottom, and waste material and plasma torch heat can realize evenly distributed, have improved the throughput of energy utilization ratio and plasma melting furnace, and then have improved the handling capacity of plasma melting furnace.

Description

Plasma melting furnace

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a waste disposal technical field especially relates to a plasma melting furnace.

Background

Along with the increasing of waste incineration power plants, the output of incineration fly ash is also increasing day by day, at present, the treatment method of cement solidification and medicament stabilization is mainly adopted, and the solidified fly ash can be landfill treated according to common waste if meeting the requirement of leaching toxicity standard. However, with the improvement of landfill standards, fly ash with the chloride ion content exceeding 10% needs to be pretreated by adopting a cement curing method so as to reduce the problems of mechanical performance of the cured building block caused by chloride ions, heavy metal ion leaching in the later period and the like, thus the requirements on construction and operation of a fly ash disposal site are improved to a great extent, the cost is increased, and the application of the method is limited. However, in the prior art, the plasma melting furnace with a fixed structure is used for melting waste, so that the problems of uneven distribution of waste materials and heat exist, the energy utilization rate and the treatment capacity are low, and the melting efficiency is low.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide a plasma melting furnace to solve waste material and heat uneven distribution, lead to the problem that energy utilization and handling capacity are low.

To achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical proposal:

a plasma melting furnace comprises an upper furnace structure, a lower furnace structure and a driving device, wherein a negative pressure hearth is formed between the upper furnace structure and the lower furnace structure, and the lower furnace structure can be driven by the driving device to rotate relative to the upper furnace structure; the upper furnace structure is provided with a feed inlet communicated with the negative pressure hearth, a flue gas outlet and a plasma torch penetrating through the upper furnace structure; the lower furnace structure is provided with a slag discharge port communicated with the negative pressure hearth.

Preferably, the upper furnace structure comprises an upper furnace body and a furnace cover, the upper furnace body is connected with the lower furnace structure in a sealing and rotating mode, and the furnace cover sealing cover is arranged above the upper furnace body.

Preferably, the plasma torch comprises a first plasma torch, and the first plasma torch is arranged at the center of the furnace cover in a penetrating mode.

Preferably, the plasma torch further comprises a second plasma torch, the second plasma torch is arranged at a non-center position of the furnace cover in a penetrating mode, the second plasma torch and the feeding hole are located on the same circumference, and the circle center of the circumference is overlapped with the center of the furnace cover.

Preferably, when the number of the second plasma torches and the number of the feed ports are both multiple, the multiple second plasma torches and the multiple feed ports are located on the same circumference, and the second plasma torches and the feed ports are alternately and uniformly distributed;

or the plurality of second plasma torches are respectively positioned on different circumferences of the same circle center, and each second plasma torch and one feeding hole are arranged in groups and are positioned on the same circumference;

or the plurality of second plasma torches are respectively positioned on different circumferences of the same circle center, and each second plasma torch and the plurality of feed inlets are uniformly arranged in groups and positioned on the same circumference.

Preferably, the included angle formed by a connecting line between the centers of the second plasma torches on two adjacent circles and the circle center is 180 °.

Preferably, the included angle formed by the center of each second plasma torch and a connecting line between the centers of the feed ports arranged in groups on the same circumference and the circle center is 90 °.

Preferably, the lower end part of the upper furnace structure is sleeved outside the upper end part of the lower furnace structure;

or the upper end part of the lower furnace structure is sleeved outside the lower end part of the upper furnace structure.

Preferably, the slag discharge port is vertically arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the lower furnace structure.

Preferably, the lower furnace structure is fixedly provided with a first rotating wheel, the output end of the driving device is connected with a second rotating wheel, and the first rotating wheel is meshed with the second rotating wheel.

The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model provides a plasma melting furnace, the upper furnace structure is provided with the feed inlet that communicates negative pressure furnace, the exhanst gas outlet and wear to locate the plasma torch of upper furnace structure, lower furnace structure is provided with the slag discharge mouth that communicates negative pressure furnace, lower furnace structure can be driven by drive arrangement and rotate relative to upper furnace structure, through setting lower furnace structure to be able to rotate relative to upper furnace structure, when handling waste material, drive arrangement drive lower furnace structure is rotatory, waste material that gets into negative pressure furnace through the feed inlet of upper furnace structure can evenly distributed in the bottom of negative pressure furnace, simultaneously, the plasma torch on the upper furnace structure can circulate and evenly spray on the waste material of negative pressure furnace bottom, waste material and plasma torch heat can realize evenly distributed, the utilization ratio of energy and the throughput of plasma melting furnace have been improved, and then the throughput of plasma melting furnace has been improved, the melting efficiency is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a plasma melting furnace provided by the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a first layout of a plasma torch and a feed port in a plasma melting furnace according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a second layout of a plasma torch and feed port in a plasma melting furnace according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a third arrangement of a plasma torch and a feed port in a plasma melting furnace according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a fourth arrangement of plasma torches and feed ports in a plasma melting furnace according to the present invention;

fig. 6 is a fifth layout of the plasma torch and the feed inlet in the plasma melting furnace according to the present invention.

In the figure:

100. an upper furnace structure; 101. a feed inlet; 102. a flue gas outlet; 103. a plasma torch; 1031. a first plasma torch; 1032. a second plasma torch; 104. an upper furnace body; 105. a furnace cover; 200. a furnace lowering structure; 201. a slag discharge port; 202. a first runner; 300. a drive device; 301. a second runner; 400. a negative pressure hearth; 500. and (7) sealing the device.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.

In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, detachably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In the present disclosure, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise direct contact between the first and second features, or may comprise contact between the first and second features not directly. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings only for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.

The embodiment provides a plasma melting furnace, as shown in fig. 1, comprising an upper furnace structure 100, a lower furnace structure 200 and a driving device 300, wherein a negative pressure furnace 400 (a high temperature energy source is generated by a plasma torch under negative pressure oxygen-poor environment, so that organic components in waste materials entering the negative pressure furnace 400 are cracked and gasified to be converted into crude synthesis gas, inorganic components are melted to form harmless vitreous residues, thereby realizing volume reduction, weight reduction and harmlessness of the waste materials, and meanwhile, under the negative pressure state, smoke in the negative pressure furnace 400 can be prevented from leaking) is formed between the upper furnace structure 100 and the lower furnace structure 200, the lower furnace structure 200 can be driven by the driving device 300 to rotate relative to the upper furnace structure 100, the upper furnace structure 100 can be arranged on a fixed support, the upper furnace structure 100 is provided with a feed inlet 101 communicated with the negative pressure furnace 400, a smoke outlet 102 communicated with the negative pressure furnace 400, and the plasma torch 103 penetrated through the upper furnace structure 100, the lower furnace structure 200 is provided with a slag discharge port 201 communicated with the negative pressure hearth 400, and when in use, the driving device 300 is started, the driving device 300 drives the lower furnace structure 200 to rotate relative to the upper furnace structure 100, the feeding hole 101 conveys the waste materials to the negative pressure hearth 400, the waste materials are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the negative pressure hearth 400 along with the rotation of the lower furnace structure 200, meanwhile, the plasma torch 103 can be circularly and uniformly sprayed on the waste material at the bottom of the negative pressure hearth 400, the waste material is uniformly heated, the waste material is melted in the negative pressure hearth 400 to form high temperature molten liquid, the generated flue gas is led out through the flue gas outlet 102, can send into corresponding second combustion chamber and flue gas processing system and carry out the flue gas processing, and the high temperature melt flows out through row cinder notch 201, and the high temperature melt that flows out can be through cooling medium (water or air) with high temperature melt cooling again, forms the glass body of innoxious.

The plasma torch 103 in this embodiment is preferably a mode-switchable plasma torch device, the waste material is not melted during the initial stage of ignition, the plasma torch 103 operates in a non-transferred arc mode, the plasma torch 103 is switched to a transferred arc mode after the waste material is melted, in order to increase the energy utilization efficiency, an electrode can be arranged at a position in the lower furnace structure 200 close to the inside of the negative pressure furnace chamber 400, and the plasma torch 103 forms an electric circuit with the electrode in the transferred arc mode, and the electrode can be, but is not limited to, a metal electrode or a graphite electrode.

The upper furnace structure 100 in this embodiment includes an upper furnace body 104 and a furnace cover 105, the upper furnace body 104 is connected with the lower furnace structure 200 in a rotating and sealing manner, the furnace cover 105 is arranged above the upper furnace body 104 in a sealing manner, when the plasma melting furnace fails, the furnace cover 105 can be detached to maintain the plasma melting furnace, and the operation is convenient. Preferably, the upper furnace body 104 and the furnace cover 105 are connected by bolts, and the contact surface between the upper furnace body 104 and the furnace cover 105 is sealed by heat-insulating felt and refractory mortar.

Optionally, the plasma torch 103 comprises a first plasma torch 1031, the first plasma torch 1031 is arranged through the center of the furnace cover 105, and the first plasma torch 1031 can spray the waste material in the negative pressure furnace 400. As a preferable technical scheme, the first plasma torch 1031 vertically penetrates through the center of the furnace cover 105, and the first plasma torch 1031 is vertically arranged relative to the furnace cover 105 and is arranged at the center of the furnace cover 105, so that the first plasma torch 1031 can spray the center of the waste material in the negative pressure furnace 400, the waste material in the negative pressure furnace 400 is simultaneously heated, and the heating efficiency of the waste material is enhanced.

Further, the plasma torch 103 further comprises a second plasma torch 1032, the second plasma torch 1032 penetrates through the non-center of the furnace cover 105, the second plasma torch 1032 and the feed port 101 are located on the same circumference, the circle center of the circumference coincides with the center of the furnace cover 105, the second plasma torch 1032 and the feed port 101 are arranged on the same circumference, waste materials entering the negative pressure hearth 400 through the feed port 101 can be better and uniformly distributed at the bottom of the negative pressure hearth 400, and the second plasma torch 1032 can timely heat the waste materials in the negative pressure hearth 400, so that the heating efficiency of the waste materials is further improved, and the energy utilization rate is improved. As a preferred solution, the second plasma torch 1032 is vertically arranged with respect to the furnace lid 105.

Furthermore, the number of the second plasma torches 1032 can be multiple, and the number of the feed inlets 101 can be multiple, in one embodiment, when the number of the second plasma torches 1032 is multiple and the number of the feed inlets 101 is multiple, as shown in fig. 2, the multiple second plasma torches 1032 and the multiple feed inlets 101 are located on the same circumference, and the second plasma torches 1032 and the feed inlets 101 are alternately and uniformly arranged, so that the feeding efficiency and the heating efficiency of the plasma melting furnace are improved simultaneously.

In another embodiment, when there are a plurality of second plasma torches 1032 and a plurality of feed inlets 101, as shown in fig. 3, the plurality of second plasma torches 1032 are respectively located on different circumferences of the same circle center, each second plasma torch 1032 is arranged in a group with one feed inlet 101, and the second plasma torches 1032 are located on the same circumference as the feed inlets 101, so that the feeding effect is enhanced while the heating area is increased, and the feeding efficiency and the heating efficiency are further improved.

In another embodiment, when the plurality of second plasma torches 1032 are provided and the plurality of feed openings 101 are provided, as shown in fig. 4, the plurality of second plasma torches 1032 are respectively located on different circumferences of the same center, and each of the second plasma torches 1032 is uniformly arranged in a group with the plurality of feed openings 101 and located on the same circumference, and by arranging in a group with the plurality of feed openings 101, the feeding efficiency is further improved to improve the processing capacity of the waste material of the plasma melting furnace while ensuring the heating efficiency.

As a preferred technical solution, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, when each second plasma torch 1032 is located on a different circumference of the same circle center, an angle formed by a connecting line between the center and the circle center of the second plasma torch 1032 on two adjacent circumferences is 180 °, and the number of the second plasma torches 1032 can be controlled under the condition of keeping heating efficiency, so that the situation that a part of heat is wasted due to an excessive number of the second plasma torches 1032 is avoided, and the production cost of the plasma melting furnace is saved; further, the angle formed by the center of each second plasma torch 1032 and the connecting line between the center of one feed port 101 and the circle center arranged in groups on the same circumference is 90 °, so that the balance between the material feeding efficiency and the heating efficiency meeting the requirement and the control cost is realized. Further, as shown in fig. 5, when the lower furnace structure 200 rotates counterclockwise, the second plasma torch 1032 on the same circumference is disposed at a counterclockwise position close to the feed port 101 on the circumference; on the contrary, as shown in fig. 6, when the lower furnace structure 200 rotates clockwise, the second plasma torch 1032 on the same circumference is disposed at a clockwise position close to the feeding port 101 on the circumference, so that the waste material entering from the feeding port 101 is heated by the second plasma torch 1032 after entering into the negative pressure hearth 400, and the heating effect is further improved.

The lower end of the upper furnace structure 100 in this embodiment may be sleeved outside the upper end of the lower furnace structure 200, or the upper end of the lower furnace structure 200 is sleeved outside the lower end of the upper furnace structure 100; the diameter of the upper part in the negative pressure hearth 400 can be the same as that of the lower part, at the moment, the negative pressure hearth 400 is similar to a cylinder, or the diameter of the upper part in the negative pressure hearth 400 is smaller than that of the lower part, at the moment, the negative pressure hearth 400 is similar to a round table, or the diameter of the upper part in the negative pressure hearth 400 is larger than that of the lower part, so that a shape similar to an inverted round table is formed, and when the negative pressure hearth 400 is similar to the inverted round table, high-temperature molten liquid can flow out through the slag discharge port 201 conveniently. In order to improve the discharge efficiency of the slag discharging port 201, the slag discharging port 201 is vertically arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the lower furnace structure 200, and the slag discharging port 201 arranged at the center of the bottom surface of the lower furnace structure 200 can improve the discharge effect, so that the situation that a part of high-temperature molten liquid cannot smoothly flow out is avoided, and the discharge smoothness of the slag discharging port 201 is ensured. To better seal between the upper and

lower furnace structures

100 and 200, a sealing device 500 is provided at the location where the upper and

lower furnace structures

100 and 200 are in rotational contact, and the sealing device 500 may be, but is not limited to, a spring-lever combination seal, a graphite block seal, or a fish scale seal.

Optionally, the lower furnace structure 200 is fixedly provided with a first rotating wheel 202, an output end of the driving device 300 is connected with a second rotating wheel 301, the first rotating wheel 202 is engaged with the second rotating wheel 301, the output end of the driving device 300 drives the second rotating wheel 301 to rotate, the second rotating wheel 301 drives the first rotating wheel 202 engaged therewith to rotate when rotating, and the first rotating wheel 202 drives the lower furnace structure 200 fixedly arranged therewith to rotate when rotating, so as to ensure that the driving device 300 can stably drive the lower furnace structure 200 to rotate. Preferably, the first runner 202 may be fixedly disposed on a side wall of the lower furnace structure 200, or may be fixedly disposed at a bottom end of the lower furnace structure 200, and when the first runner 202 is disposed at the bottom end of the lower furnace structure 200, the first runner 202 is provided with a through hole communicating with the slag discharge port 201, so as to facilitate discharge of the high-temperature melt.

The working process of the plasma melting furnace provided by the embodiment is as follows:

the driving device 300 is started, the driving device 300 drives the lower furnace structure 200 to rotate relative to the upper furnace structure 100, the waste materials enter the negative pressure hearth 400 through the feeding hole 101, along with the rotation of the lower furnace structure 200, the waste materials are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the negative pressure hearth 400, meanwhile, the first plasma torch 1031 and the second plasma torch 1032 can be circularly and uniformly sprayed on the waste materials at the bottom of the negative pressure hearth 400, the waste materials are uniformly heated, the waste materials are subjected to melting reaction in the negative pressure hearth 400 to form high-temperature molten liquid, the generated flue gas is led out through a flue gas outlet 102, the led-out flue gas can be sent into a corresponding secondary combustion chamber and a corresponding flue gas treatment system to be subjected to flue gas treatment, the high-temperature molten liquid flows out through a slag discharge port 201, the flowing high-temperature molten liquid can be cooled through a cooling medium, and the cooled high-temperature molten liquid forms harmless glass.

It is obvious that the above embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Numerous obvious variations, rearrangements and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A plasma melting furnace is characterized by comprising an upper furnace structure (100), a lower furnace structure (200) and a driving device (300), wherein a negative pressure hearth (400) is formed between the upper furnace structure (100) and the lower furnace structure (200), and the lower furnace structure (200) can be driven by the driving device (300) to rotate relative to the upper furnace structure (100); the upper furnace structure (100) is provided with a feed inlet (101) communicated with the negative pressure hearth (400), a flue gas outlet (102) and a plasma torch (103) penetrating through the upper furnace structure (100); the lower furnace structure (200) is provided with a slag discharge port (201) communicated with the negative pressure hearth (400).

2. The plasma furnace of claim 1, wherein the upper furnace structure (100) comprises an upper furnace body (104) and a furnace cover (105), the upper furnace body (104) is in sealed rotational connection with the lower furnace structure (200), and the furnace cover (105) is sealed over the upper furnace body (104).

3. Plasma melting furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that the plasma torch (103) comprises a first plasma torch (1031), the first plasma torch (1031) being arranged through the center of the furnace cover (105).

4. The plasma melting furnace of claim 3, wherein the plasma torch (103) further comprises a second plasma torch (1032), the second plasma torch (1032) is arranged in a non-central position of the furnace cover (105), and the second plasma torch (1032) and the feeding hole (101) are positioned on the same circumference, and the circle center of the circumference is coincident with the center of the furnace cover (105).

5. The plasma melting furnace of claim 4, wherein when the second plasma torch (1032) and the feed port (101) are both multiple, the multiple second plasma torches (1032) and the multiple feed ports (101) are located on the same circumference, and the second plasma torches (1032) and the feed ports (101) are alternately arranged;

or a plurality of second plasma torches (1032) are respectively positioned on different circumferences of the same circle center, and each second plasma torch (1032) is arranged with one feed port (101) in a group and positioned on the same circumference;

or the second plasma torches (1032) are respectively located on different circumferences of the same circle center, and each second plasma torch (1032) and the feed ports (101) are uniformly arranged in groups and located on the same circumference.

6. The plasma furnace of claim 5, wherein the angle formed by the line between the center of the second plasma torch (1032) and the center of the circle on two adjacent circles is 180 °.

7. The plasma furnace of claim 6, wherein the angle formed by the center of each of the second plasma torches (1032) and the line connecting the center of one of the feed ports (101) disposed in a group on the same circumference and the center of the circle is 90 °.

8. The plasma furnace of any of claims 1-7, wherein a lower end of the upper furnace structure (100) fits outside an upper end of the lower furnace structure (200);

or the upper end part of the lower furnace structure (200) is sleeved outside the lower end part of the upper furnace structure (100).

9. The plasma furnace of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the slag discharge opening (201) opens vertically at the center of the bottom surface of the lower furnace structure (200).

10. The plasma furnace according to any of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the lower furnace structure (200) is fixedly provided with a first rotating wheel (202), the output end of the driving device (300) is connected with a second rotating wheel (301), and the first rotating wheel (202) is meshed with the second rotating wheel (301).