CN214311496U - Single-abacus for arithmetic addition, subtraction and multiplication of primary school mathematics - Google Patents
Single-abacus for arithmetic addition, subtraction and multiplication of primary school mathematics Download PDFInfo
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- CN214311496U CN214311496U CN202120610130.2U CN202120610130U CN214311496U CN 214311496 U CN214311496 U CN 214311496U CN 202120610130 U CN202120610130 U CN 202120610130U CN 214311496 U CN214311496 U CN 214311496U
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- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011410 subtraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010832 independent-sample T-test Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The application provides a single-bead abacus for primary school mathematics addition, subtraction and multiplication, which comprises: the device comprises an outer frame, a plurality of longitudinal beams and a plurality of beads, wherein the outer frame is a half-open frame body; the longitudinal beams are uniformly arranged in the outer frame and are vertical to the horizontal center line of the outer frame; each longitudinal beam is correspondingly provided with an abacus bead, and the abacus beads can reciprocate on the longitudinal beam corresponding to the abacus beads. The single-bead abacus of the application is compared with 5 existing beads abacus and 7 existing beads abacus, is simpler in structure, more convenient to operate and easy to learn, can be used for remarkably enhancing the learning interest of students, can be used for remarkably improving the operation speed of multi-number addition and subtraction multiplication of primary school students, and has universal applicability and popularization significance for the students of the lower grades of primary schools.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of manually operated computing auxiliary tools, in particular to a single-bead abacus for primary school mathematics addition, subtraction and multiplication speed calculation.
Background
The abacus is an important invention in ancient China, is judged as the first invention of '101 inventions changing the world' by 'independent newspaper' in the UK, and plays an extremely important role in the production and the life of human beings. In the modern society with highly developed computer technology, abacus is still widely used in the finance field and primary school teaching.
The existing 5-bead or 7-bead abacus is complex in structure and complex in operation, and needs to memorize a large number of tables and rules of calculation, so that heavy learning burden of students can be caused, the learning difficulty is high, a plurality of beginners gradually lose interest and power of learning in the learning process, and further popularization and use of the abacus in life and learning of a new era are severely limited.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The application provides a single-bead abacus for arithmetic addition, subtraction and multiplication in primary schools, which solves the problems of complex structure, complex operation, high learning difficulty and low arithmetic speed of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of multiple numbers in the prior art.
The application provides a single-bead abacus for primary school mathematics adds, subtracts, takes advantage of rapid calculation, includes:
an outer frame, a plurality of longitudinal beams and a plurality of beads,
the outer frame is a half-open frame body; the longitudinal beams are uniformly arranged in the outer frame and are vertical to the horizontal center line of the outer frame; each longitudinal beam is correspondingly provided with an abacus bead, and the abacus beads can reciprocate on the longitudinal beam corresponding to the abacus beads.
In the preferred embodiment of the present application, the longitudinal beam is embedded inside the outer frame, and the upper surface of the longitudinal beam is uniformly marked with numbers "0" - "9" for performing operations.
In a preferred embodiment of the application, the beads are nested on the stringers, the numerical positions for sliding marks on the stringers representing corresponding numbers.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the outer frame is a rectangular parallelepiped with an open top surface.
Compared with the prior art, the single-abacus for primary school mathematics addition, subtraction and multiplication speed calculation has the following beneficial effects:
the single-bead abacus of the application is compared with 5 existing beads abacus and 7 existing beads abacus, is simpler in structure, more convenient to operate and easy to learn, can be used for remarkably enhancing the learning interest of students, can be used for remarkably improving the operation speed of multi-number addition and subtraction multiplication of primary school students, and has universal applicability and popularization significance for the students of the lower grades of primary schools.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a single-bead abacus for arithmetic addition, subtraction and multiplication in primary school;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an outer frame in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a combination structure of a longitudinal beam and an abacus bead according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a longitudinal beam in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of beads according to an embodiment of the present application;
description of reference numerals:
wherein, 1-outer frame; 2-longitudinal beams; 3-beads.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inside", "top", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that are usually placed when the products of the present invention are used, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements to be referred to must have specific orientations, be constructed in specific orientations, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is also to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "mounted" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements explicitly listed, but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such product or apparatus.
Referring to fig. 1, it is a schematic view of the whole structure of a single-bead abacus for arithmetic addition, subtraction and multiplication in primary school.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present application provides a single-bead abacus for primary mathematics addition, subtraction and multiplication calculations, which comprises:
an outer frame 1, a plurality of longitudinal beams 2 and a plurality of beads 3,
wherein, the outer frame 1 is a half-open frame body; the longitudinal beams 2 are uniformly arranged inside the outer frame 1 and are vertical to the horizontal center line of the outer frame 1; each longitudinal beam 2 is correspondingly provided with an abacus bead 3, and the abacus beads 3 can reciprocate on the corresponding longitudinal beam 2, namely slide up and down.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the longitudinal beams 2 are embedded inside the outer frame 1, and as shown in fig. 1, 3 or 4, numbers "0" - "9" for performing operations are uniformly marked on the upper surfaces of the longitudinal beams 2, and the numbers "0" - "9" are sequentially and uniformly arranged from bottom to top in the drawing, and the direction is based on the direction in which the abacus is usually placed.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, in the present embodiment, the beads 3 are nested on the longitudinal beams 2, the number positions marked for sliding onto the longitudinal beams 2 represent corresponding numbers, and the number of beads 3 is the same as the number of longitudinal beams 2.
It should be noted that, in the present application, the circular beads 3 shown in fig. 5 are preferred embodiments of the present application, the circular beads 3 in the present embodiment are cross-shaped vertical hollow openings, and the beads 3 are circular and have top openings, so that the numbers on the longitudinal beams 2 can be revealed and displayed. Besides the circular beads 3 shown in the embodiment, the beads 3 may be made into other shapes according to actual requirements, such as an oval sphere, a rectangular parallelepiped, a square shape, etc., as long as the shape can be nested on the longitudinal beam 2 and the numbers on the longitudinal beam 2 are exposed, and therefore, the shape of the beads 3 does not limit the scope of protection of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the outer frame 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped with an open top surface.
When the single bead abacus in this embodiment performs the addition (subtraction) operation, the addition (subtraction) operation can be completed only by sequentially dialing the beads 3 on each longitudinal beam 2 one by one from the numbers marked on the longitudinal beam 2 corresponding to the added (subtracted) number to the new number positions marked on the longitudinal beam 2 after the addition (subtraction) of each number.
The technical scheme of the application is contrastively explained by combining a specific operation scene and an operation speed experiment.
Application example 1: calculation 7429+2753
Firstly, zeroing the abacus beads 3 on all the longitudinal beams 2 of the single-bead abacus to the position of a number '0' marked at the lowest part of the longitudinal beams; secondly, the counting beads 3 on the four longitudinal beams 2 are shifted to the digital positions of 7, 4, 2 and 9 respectively from the fourth longitudinal beam 2 counted from the right to the right in sequence, and then the added number is marked; then, calculating the number obtained after adding the current digit number and the digit number corresponding to the addend, respectively shifting the four beads 3 which are shifted to the digit positions of 7, 4, 2 and 9 above the number marked on the longitudinal beam 2 corresponding to the number, and sliding the beads 3 on the adjacent longitudinal beam 2 on the left side of the longitudinal beam 2 which are full of decimal places upwards for one grid from the current number if the decimal places occur; finally, the corresponding number of each longitudinal beam 2 from the right is "2", the corresponding number of the second longitudinal beam 2 is "8", the corresponding number of the third longitudinal beam 2 is "1", the corresponding number of the fourth longitudinal beam 2 is "0", and the corresponding number of the fifth longitudinal beam 2 is "1", so that the final calculation result is "10182".
Application example 2: calculation 4819-
Firstly, zeroing the abacus beads 3 on all the longitudinal beams 2 of the single-bead abacus to the position of a number '0' marked at the lowest part of the longitudinal beams 2; secondly, the fourth longitudinal beam 2 counted from the right side sequentially shifts the beads 3 on the four longitudinal beams 2 to the digital positions of '4', '8', '1' and '9' to mark the number to be subtracted; then, calculating the number obtained by subtracting the digit number corresponding to the subtraction number from the current digit number, respectively poking the four beads 3 which are poked to the digit positions of '4', '8', '1' and '9' to the positions above the marked digit on the longitudinal beam 2 corresponding to the number, and sliding the beads 3 on the adjacent longitudinal beam 2 on the left side of the longitudinal beam 2 downwards for one grid from the current digit if borrowing is needed; finally, the corresponding number of each longitudinal beam 2 from the right is "2", the corresponding number of the second longitudinal beam 2 is "8", the corresponding number of the third longitudinal beam 2 is "2", the corresponding number of the fourth longitudinal beam 2 is "3", and the final calculation result is "3282".
Application example 3: calculation 27 x 19
Firstly, zeroing the abacus beads 3 on all the longitudinal beams 2 of the single-bead abacus to the position of a number '0' marked at the lowest part of the longitudinal beams 2; secondly, starting from the first longitudinal beam 2 counted from the left, shifting the beads 3 on the two longitudinal beams 2 to the numerical positions of 2 and 7 in sequence to the right, and marking a multiplicand; then, the result of multiplying "9" by "27" is marked as "243" by moving the beads 3 on the corresponding longitudinal beam 2 from the rightmost side of the single bead abacus to the left; moving the bead 3 from the second longitudinal beam 2 to the left in turn from the right, adding the result of multiplying "1" by "27" to the product of the previous step, and obtaining the final calculation result of "513".
In order to compare the difference between the calculation speed of the single-bead abacus and the existing abacus, 10 pupils are randomly selected as research objects, each student respectively carries out vertical written calculation on addition and subtraction methods within 10 channels of 1000 channels and calculation of the single-bead abacus, the answering time of each question is recorded, statistical test and analysis are carried out on the 10 classmates by adopting a paired independent sample t test method, and the results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 time consumption comparison of single-point abacus method and vertical pen algorithm calculation multiple number addition and subtraction method(s)
As shown in the statistical analysis results of table 1 above, the average time taken for 10 students to complete 10 subjects by vertical calculation is (254.80 ± 36.53) seconds, while the average time taken for 10 subjects to complete by the single-bead abacus of the present application is (128.70 ± 21.99) seconds, and as a result, the calculation speed of the single-bead abacus of the present application is significantly faster than that of vertical calculation (P ═ 0.000), which can improve the calculation speed by 97.98%.
It should be noted that, in the present application, the positions of the beads on the stringers in the drawings of the specification do not represent any process or result of addition and subtraction, but merely illustrate the technical solutions of the present application more clearly, and do not limit the scope of the present application at all.
The embodiments provided in the present application are only a few examples of the general concept of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application. Any other embodiments extended according to the scheme of the present application without inventive efforts will be within the scope of protection of the present application for a person skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A single-bead abacus for primary school mathematics addition, subtraction and multiplication speed calculation is characterized by comprising:
an outer frame (1), a plurality of longitudinal beams (2) and a plurality of beads (3),
wherein the outer frame (1) is a half-open frame body; the longitudinal beams (2) are uniformly arranged inside the outer frame (1) and are vertical to the horizontal center line of the outer frame (1); each longitudinal beam (2) is correspondingly provided with an abacus bead (3), and the abacus beads (3) can reciprocate on the longitudinal beam (2) corresponding to the abacus beads.
2. The single-bead abacus for primary school mathematics addition, subtraction and multiplication according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal beams (2) are embedded inside the outer frame (1), and the upper surfaces of the longitudinal beams (2) are uniformly marked with numbers 0-9 for operation.
3. A single-bead abacus for elementary school mathematics addition, subtraction and multiplication according to claim 1, characterized in that the beads (3) are nested on the stringers (2) for sliding onto the stringers (2) marked numerical positions representing corresponding numbers.
4. The abacus for primary school mathematics addition, subtraction and multiplication according to claim 1, wherein the outer frame (1) is a cuboid with an open top.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120610130.2U CN214311496U (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2021-03-25 | Single-abacus for arithmetic addition, subtraction and multiplication of primary school mathematics |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120610130.2U CN214311496U (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2021-03-25 | Single-abacus for arithmetic addition, subtraction and multiplication of primary school mathematics |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN214311496U true CN214311496U (en) | 2021-09-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202120610130.2U Expired - Fee Related CN214311496U (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2021-03-25 | Single-abacus for arithmetic addition, subtraction and multiplication of primary school mathematics |
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| CN (1) | CN214311496U (en) |
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- 2021-03-25 CN CN202120610130.2U patent/CN214311496U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Granted publication date: 20210928 |