CN214279389U

CN214279389U - Eyeground inspection eyeball model

Info

Publication number: CN214279389U
Application number: CN202120650097.6U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王泓熹
Original assignee: Shantou University Chinese University Of Hong Kong And Shantou International Ophthalmology Center
Current assignee: Shantou University Chinese University Of Hong Kong And Shantou International Ophthalmology Center
Priority date: 2021-03-31
Filing date: 2021-03-31
Publication date: 2021-09-24
Anticipated expiration: 2031-03-31

Abstract

An eyeball model for fundus examination belongs to a teaching aid, and comprises an anterior segment and a posterior segment, wherein the anterior segment and the posterior segment are two hemispherical shells which are mutually buckled to form an eyeball body; the top of the hemispherical shell of the anterior ocular segment is provided with a round hole, the hemispherical shell of the anterior ocular segment is internally provided with a double convex lens fixedly, the double convex lens is positioned at the round hole at the top of the hemispherical shell of the anterior ocular segment, the inner wall of the hemispherical shell of the posterior ocular segment is provided with a plurality of patches at intervals, different marks are printed on the patches, the inner wall of the hemispherical shell of the posterior ocular segment is provided with four blood vessel models, and two ends of each blood vessel are respectively connected to the patches of different. The utility model discloses all be superior to existing product at present in aspects such as emulation nature, variety, evaluation objectivity, and the cost is lower, the application is simple and direct, is fit for promoting in teaching activities such as teaching, exercise and the aassessment that are used for direct ophthalmoscope.

Description

Eyeground inspection eyeball model

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to a teaching aid, in particular to eye fundus examination eyeball model.

Background

The fundus examination is an indispensable part of the eye examination, and is also an important window for understanding the conditions of eye diseases and certain systemic diseases (such as central nervous system diseases, diabetes, hypertension and the like). Therefore, it is important for an ophthalmologist to grasp fundus examination skills. Direct ophthalmoscopes are the most classical, most common and most convenient fundus examination methods in clinic and are one of the skills which need to be mastered first by ophthalmologists.

However, the development of direct ophthalmoscopy teaching for beginners is difficult to achieve, a matched teaching aid and an assessment scheme are lacked, and the teaching effect is often unsatisfactory. On the one hand, students often need to practice each other among students after learning about the operation of the direct ophthalmoscope, which often requires to use mydriatic medicine to scatter the pupils of at least one eye of a subject, which often brings inconvenience and potential risks in practice. On the other hand, in the teaching examination, the teacher can only evaluate through the operation specification details based on some structured scales, and this method lacks an evaluation standard, and it is difficult to accurately and objectively evaluate the skill level of the student, and even in the case where the student memorizes the operation steps, it is impossible to ensure whether the student can really examine the fundus through the operation.

Currently, scholars design related eyeball models for evaluating fundus examination skills, however, pupil diameters of the models are generally large and fixed values, fundus examination under various pupil states cannot be simulated, or simulation degree is not high (especially on a size and dioptric system), and structural characteristics of eyeballs and optical principles of fundus examination cannot be simulated; or the model manufacturing process is complex, the manufacturing cost is high, and the model is inconvenient to popularize and use clinically; or the traditional fundus examination evaluation means is generally subjective evaluation, the familiar operation steps are not equal to the mastery operation skills, a matched objective evaluation system is lacked, and the fundus examination evaluation means is difficult to realize the purpose of serving as a teaching tool.

Based on the importance of fundus examination and the difficulty of direct ophthalmoscopy teaching, it is necessary to design a relevant teaching aid for objectively evaluating the ability of fundus examination.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the utility model is to overcome foretell defect, provide a fundus inspection eyeball model, can simulate different pupil sizes, highly simulate eyeball dioptric system and simulate multiple refraction state, objective evaluation fundus inspection level.

The utility model aims at realizing through the following technical scheme: a model of an eyeball for fundus examination, which is characterized in that: the anterior segment and the posterior segment are two hemispherical shells which are mutually buckled to form an eyeball body; the top of the hemispherical shell of the anterior ocular segment is provided with a round hole penetrating through the shell, the hemispherical shell of the anterior ocular segment is internally provided with a biconvex lens fixedly, the biconvex lens is positioned at the round hole at the top of the hemispherical shell of the anterior ocular segment, a plurality of patches are arranged on the inner wall of the hemispherical shell of the posterior ocular segment at intervals of a peripheral retina, different marks are printed on the patches, and the inner wall of the hemispherical shell of the posterior ocular segment extends to the periphery from a optic disc area to form four blood vessel models.

The outer wall of the eyeball model is provided with a spherical shell direction sign strip.

The focal length of the biconvex lens is 28mm +/-4 mm.

The patches are respectively positioned in the upper area, the lower area, the nasal area, the temporal area, the temporosuperior area, the nasal inferior area and the temporal inferior area of the macular area, the optic disc area and the periretinal area.

The four blood vessel models are respectively connected between the optic disc area patch and the temporosuperior area patch, between the optic disc area patch and the temporoinferior area patch, between the optic disc area patch and the nasal superior area patch, and between the optic disc area patch and the nasal inferior area patch.

The aperture of the round hole of the anterior segment hemispherical shell is set to be 3mm, 6mm and 8 mm.

The utility model has the advantages and beneficial effects that:

1. the fundus examination level can be objectively evaluated: the eyeground is simulated by the hemispherical shell of the posterior segment of the eye, patches are arranged on different parts of the eyeground, such as a fovea centralis, a video disc area and 8 near-periphery retinas, random letters are pasted on the patches to identify each part in eyeground examination, students can avoid filling test paper by guessing according to the real and faithful records seen by the students, the evaluation standard is whether the letters filled in each position on the answer paper are correct, the peeping range of the students in eyeground examination is objectively and quantitatively judged, and the objective event is an objective event and can truly reflect the skill level of the students.

2. Different pupil sizes can be simulated: the aperture of the round hole of the anterior segment hemispherical shell is set to be 3mm, 6mm, 8mm and the like, fundus examination under different ambient brightness and different pupil states is simulated, and a series of difficulty gradients are provided for students to practice fundus examination by matching spherical shells with different apertures; in addition, under the real situation, the superficial anterior chamber or glaucoma patients are mydriatic taboo, so the skill of examining the eye fundus under the small pupil state is very important, and the product can realize the simulation of the situation.

3. Highly simulating an eye dioptric system and simulating a plurality of refractive states: the focal length of the biconvex lens in the hemispherical shell of the anterior segment is selected within the range of 28mm +/-4 mm, the dioptric state from-12D to +12D is simulated, various dioptric states which are common in clinic at present are basically covered, and the eyeball dioptric system is highly simulated and various dioptric states are simulated: the method is characterized in that a spherical shell with the size similar to that of an eyeball is selected as a main body, the spherical shell meets the requirement of avoiding light on color and material, the spherical shell has the effect similar to that of the choroid of the eyeball, different focal lengths are selected to simulate different refraction states, and the adjustment of the diopter of a lens of a direct ophthalmoscope is one of the most important steps of the examination; on the other hand, in a clinically realistic situation, the refractive state of a patient varies, and it is also highly probable that the refractive state of the patient is not known when the fundus is examined using a direct ophthalmoscope.

4. The product cost is low: the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, the manufacturing process is simpler, and the cost of the whole series of products is lower than that of the existing products.

5. The operation is convenient, and the application is simple and convenient: the utility model discloses small, portable need not special fixing device, adopts the help of direction mark strip to confirm eyeball position, need not other fixing device, adopts the simulation blood vessel to walk capable help and judge the optic disc position.

On the whole, the utility model discloses all be superior to existing product at present in aspects such as emulation nature, variety, evaluation objectivity, and the cost is lower, the application is simple and direct, is fit for promoting in teaching activities such as the teaching that is used for direct ophthalmoscope, exercise and aassessment.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the anterior ocular segment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the left eye posterior segment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the anterior segment of the eye of the present invention.

Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

1-anterior segment of eye, 2-posterior segment of eye, 3-circular hole, 4-biconvex lens, 5-patch, 6-blood vessel, 7-label strip.

Detailed Description

Example (b): the eyeground examination eyeball model (as shown in figure 1) takes a coffee high-density polypropylene spherical shell as an eyeball main body, the diameter of the spherical shell is 28mm, the model is formed by mutually buckling an anterior segment 1 and a posterior segment 2 of two hemispherical shells, a round hole 3 is drilled at the spherical top of the anterior segment hemispherical shell to simulate a pupil, the diameter of the round hole 3 is determined according to the preset pupil diameter and can be set to be 3mm, 6mm, 8mm and the like, a colorless high borosilicate glass biconvex lens 4 is bonded at the round hole position on the inner wall of the hemispherical shell, the focal length of the biconvex lens is set within the range of 28mm +/-4 mm, and the model is supposed to be used as an eye dioptric system; the inner wall of the hemispherical shell of the posterior segment of the eye is designed as the eyeground, the representative macular area, the visual disc area and the near-peripheral retina comprise upper, lower, nasal, temporal, supratemporal, supranasal, subnasal and subtemporal positions, the upper area, the lower area, the nasal area, the temporal area, the supernasal area, the subnasal area and the infratemporal area are respectively pasted with a patch 5 at 10 positions, and each patch is printed with 1 randomly generated capital English letter, black, Calibri font, 4pt font size and vertical direction; starting from the optic disc area patch, four red fundus blood vessels 6 which are respectively connected with the temporosuperior area, the temporoinferior area, the supranasal area and the infranasal area are arranged; and a marking strip 7 representing the upper part is arranged at the corresponding position of the outer wall of the spherical shell.

The using method comprises the following steps:

when a student uses a direct ophthalmoscope to carry out fundus examination on the model, firstly, the position of an eyeball is positioned according to the marking strip 7 on the outer wall of the spherical shell, a proper light spot of the direct ophthalmoscope is selected according to the size of the pupil, the diopter is adjusted to be +8 to +10D and is 10 to 15cm away from the eyeball model, and the light spot is focused on the front surface of the outer wall of the model, so that the pupil is positioned in the center of the light spot; then gradually approaching the eyeball model, adjusting the diopter positive power until focusing on the eyeground on the inner wall of the model, positioning the optic disc position according to the running of a blood vessel drawn by the eyeground, recording the letters of the optic disc position, sequentially rotating the eyeball in all directions until the peripheral letters are clearly seen and recorded, finally turning the eyeball to the direction opposite to the direct ophthalmoscope light source, focusing on the rear polar part to clearly see the yellow spot letters and recording.

The model can be matched with round holes with different diameters, a beginner can select a model with a large pupil of 8mm to simulate the eye fundus examination in a mydriatic state, can select a middle pupil of 6mm to simulate the eye fundus examination in a non-mydriatic darkroom state after being mastered, and can select a small pupil of 3mm to simulate the eye fundus examination in a small pupil state after being mastered, and the operation method is the same as that of the model.

The model can be matched with convex lenses with different focal lengths to simulate different refractive states, and if an operator does not have ametropia or has worn glasses to correct the ametropia of the operator, the diopter of the lens disc is basically consistent with the preset diopter of the model when the eye fundus is seen clearly, and if the lens with the focal length of 28mm is adopted to simulate emmetropia, the lens disc is 0D at the moment. The smaller the focal length of the convex lens is, the larger the refractive power is, the deeper the simulated eye is, and the focal length of the convex lens is reduced by 1mm, the simulated myopia is deepened by about-3D, and vice versa.

The eyeball model is provided with corresponding test paper for students to record. The test paper main body is a simplified fundus picture, and is provided with blank spaces at corresponding positions, and is attached with a short description, so that students are required to fill in letters seen during fundus examination at the corresponding positions. During practice or assessment, the examination time can be set according to the student level and the expectation, and the examination is required to be completed within the specified time. In the objective evaluation, the score can be calculated according to the number of correct letters filled in by students at the correct positions, wherein each letter is 1 score, and the full score is 10 scores.

Claims

1. A model of an eyeball for fundus examination, which is characterized in that: the anterior segment and the posterior segment are two hemispherical shells which are mutually buckled to form an eyeball body; the top of the hemispherical shell of the anterior ocular segment is provided with a round hole penetrating through the shell, the hemispherical shell of the anterior ocular segment is internally provided with a biconvex lens fixedly, the biconvex lens is positioned at the round hole at the top of the hemispherical shell of the anterior ocular segment, a plurality of patches are arranged on the inner wall of the hemispherical shell of the posterior ocular segment at intervals of a peripheral retina, different marks are printed on the patches, and the inner wall of the hemispherical shell of the posterior ocular segment extends to the periphery from a optic disc area to form four blood vessel models.

2. An eyeground examination eyeball model as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the outer wall of the eyeball model is provided with a spherical shell direction sign strip.

3. An eyeground examination eyeball model as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the focal length of the biconvex lens is 28mm +/-4 mm.

4. An eyeground examination eyeball model as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the patches are respectively positioned in the upper area, the lower area, the nasal area, the temporal area, the temporosuperior area, the nasal inferior area and the temporal inferior area of the macular area, the optic disc area and the periretinal area.

5. An eyeground examination eyeball model as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the four blood vessel models are respectively connected between the optic disc area patch and the temporosuperior area patch, between the optic disc area patch and the temporoinferior area patch, between the optic disc area patch and the nasal superior area patch, and between the optic disc area patch and the nasal inferior area patch.

6. An eyeground examination eyeball model as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the aperture of the round hole of the anterior segment hemispherical shell is set to be 3mm, 6mm and 8 mm.