CN214254482U - Combined large-flow hydrogen injection device - Google Patents
Combined large-flow hydrogen injection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN214254482U CN214254482U CN202120239404.1U CN202120239404U CN214254482U CN 214254482 U CN214254482 U CN 214254482U CN 202120239404 U CN202120239404 U CN 202120239404U CN 214254482 U CN214254482 U CN 214254482U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The utility model discloses a combined large-flow hydrogen injection device, wherein a hydrogen gas source, an electromagnetic valve and a pressure regulator are sequentially connected through a pipeline, the pressure regulator is used for reducing the pressure of high-pressure hydrogen flowing out from the hydrogen gas source and regulating the pressure to low-pressure hydrogen required by injection, and a large-flow injector and a single nozzle are connected in parallel between the pressure regulator and a hydrogen inlet of a fuel cell stack through pipelines; the large-flow injector is provided with a rotating motor to control the injection amount, and the controller is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve, the large-flow injector and the single nozzle through cables to respectively control the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve, the rotation angle and the rotation direction of the rotating motor and the injection frequency and time of the single nozzle. The high-power hydrogen fuel cell engine is suitable for a high-power hydrogen fuel cell engine (100kW level), and has the characteristics of high reliability, low production cost and long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a hydrogen fuel cell system technical field, concretely relates to modular large-traffic hydrogen injection apparatus, and control method thereof.
Background
A hydrogen fuel cell is a device that generates electric power by an electrochemical reaction using hydrogen and oxygen as raw materials. The hydrogen fuel cell is used as a power generation device and has the characteristics of high energy conversion efficiency, zero emission, low vibration noise and the like. In order to make a hydrogen fuel cell engine generate electricity, hydrogen is used as fuel, pure hydrogen is introduced into the anode of the fuel cell stack, and air (oxygen) is introduced into the cathode. In order to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell engine, excessive hydrogen is generally required to be introduced into the anode, namely, the hydrogen is more than the theoretically required hydrogen, and the hydrogen is about 20 to 30 percent more. After the unreacted excessive hydrogen is discharged from the anode outlet of the pile, if the unreacted excessive hydrogen is not utilized, the unreacted excessive hydrogen can be directly discharged into the atmospheric environment, the waste of the hydrogen is caused, and the potential safety hazard (the hydrogen is flammable and explosive substances) is also increased. In order to improve the utilization rate of hydrogen, the hydrogen discharged from the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack needs to be sent back to the inlet of the anode of the stack for reuse. When the hydrogen fuel cell is used on a heavy-duty automobile, the required power of a hydrogen fuel engine is large, the consumed hydrogen gas has high mass and large volume flow (the density of the hydrogen gas is very small and is about one thirteen times of the air density). Assuming a hydrogen-fueled engine with a power of 100kW, the maximum required hydrogen mass flow is about 5.33kg/h and the volumetric flow is about 60m3H is used as the reference value. The heavy-duty hydrogen fuel cell automobile has two remarkable characteristics in the operation process, namely high power, large mass of consumed hydrogen and large volume flow, and also has the characteristics that the power of a driving motor is relatively slow in change, and the requirement on the speed of power change of a fuel cell engine is relatively low.
For heavy-duty hydrogen fuel cellFor a hydrogen supply system of an automobile, the flow rate of hydrogen supply is required to be large, but the requirement on the change speed of the flow rate is not high. The injection amount of the hydrogen gas injection nozzle device is related to the injection pressure and the area of the injection hole. Under a certain injection pressure, the injection amount of the hydrogen is approximately proportional to the area of the injection hole. The hydrogen supply device for the high-power fuel cell engine mainly comprises two types of a proportional valve and a nozzle body. The proportional valve has large flow and relatively simple structure. The flow passage of some proportional valves is an axial opening in a cylinder. When the axial opening is long, the inner plunger needs to rotate for several circles to complete the flow passage from full closing to full opening. That is, on the one hand, the requirement for the motor is high, and high-speed rotation is required; on the other hand, the dynamic response speed of the proportional valve to the flow is slow. The nozzle body is a combination of a plurality of hydrogen nozzles. When a common hydrogen nozzle is used to supply 60m3For a flow rate/h, a larger number of nozzles (e.g., six nozzles) are required. Because hydrogen is dry gas and has no lubrication effect, the needle valve matching part is easy to wear when the hydrogen nozzle moves at high frequency (such as 50Hz) for a long time, the nozzle is not tightly sealed when closed, hydrogen leakage is generated, and the hydrogen metering is not accurate. Therefore, the manufacturing difficulty of the hydrogen nozzle is high, and the production cost is high.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the defects existing in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a hydrogen injection device which is suitable for a high-power hydrogen fuel cell engine (100kW level) and has the advantages of high reliability, low production cost and long service life.
Therefore, the utility model discloses the technical scheme who adopts does: a combined large-flow hydrogen injection device comprises a hydrogen source, an electromagnetic valve, a pressure regulator, a large-flow injector, a single nozzle, a fuel cell stack and a controller, wherein the hydrogen source, the electromagnetic valve and the pressure regulator are sequentially connected through a pipeline; the large-flow injector is provided with a rotating motor for controlling the injection amount, and the controller is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve, the large-flow injector and the single nozzle through cables and respectively controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve, the rotation angle and the rotation direction of the rotating motor and the injection frequency and time of the single nozzle.
Preferably, the large-flow ejector adopts an inner cylinder and outer cylinder structure, the inner cylinder is coaxially arranged in the outer cylinder, the rotating motor is arranged at one end of the inner cylinder, the inner cylinder can rotate around the axis under the driving of the rotating motor, rectangular long holes with an angle of 90-150 degrees are respectively formed in the circumferential wall surfaces of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, low-pressure hydrogen flowing out of the pressure regulator flows into the inner cylinder from a gas inlet joint of the large-flow ejector, and the hydrogen flows out of a gas outlet joint of the large-flow ejector after passing through the two rectangular long holes; when the inner cylinder rotates, the relative positions of the rectangular long holes on the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are completely staggered, partially aligned and completely aligned, the flow rate of hydrogen can be continuously changed between 0 and the maximum flow rate, and the flow rate of the hydrogen and the corner of the inner cylinder are in a linear relationship.
More preferably, the opening angle of the rectangular long holes on the circumferential wall surfaces of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is 120 degrees.
Preferably, the rotating motor is located outside the high-flow ejector, an output shaft of the rotating motor penetrates through the outer cylinder and then is connected with one end of the inner cylinder, and the output shaft of the rotating motor is overlapped with the axis of the high-flow ejector.
Preferably, the air inlet joint and the rotating motor are respectively positioned at two ends of the large-flow ejector, and the air outlet joint is positioned on the side wall of the large-flow ejector and is perpendicular to the axis of the large-flow ejector.
The utility model has the advantages that:
the combined injection mode of a large-flow injector and a single nozzle is used, and the area of a rectangular outlet flow passage is controlled by controlling the rotation angle and the rotation direction of a rotating motor, so that about 90% of the required hydrogen flow is provided for a fuel cell engine; controlling the injection frequency and time of the single nozzle to provide about 10% of the required hydrogen flow for the fuel cell engine;
the large-flow ejector can provide large-flow hydrogen for a high-power hydrogen fuel cell engine, the rotating motor only needs to be started to adjust to reach a new stable power value when the power variation is larger than or equal to 10kW relative stable power value or the power of the fuel cell engine is lower than the relative stable power value, and only a single nozzle needs to be used for real-time adjustment when the power variation is smaller than 10kW, so that the number of the single nozzles is reduced, and the service life of the rotating motor is prolonged; in addition, the combined injection mode of the large-flow ejector and the single nozzle has the advantages that the hydrogen flow is adjusted quickly and the flow control precision is high in comparison with a proportional valve;
thirdly, a large-flow ejector with an inner cylinder body structure and an outer cylinder body structure is adopted, rectangular long holes with an angle of 90-150 degrees are respectively formed in the circumferential wall surfaces of the inner cylinder body and the outer cylinder body to serve as air outlets, the inner cylinder body is driven to rotate by a rotating motor to adjust the hydrogen amount, the rotating angle range of a moving part is narrow, the rotating speed is low, and the reliability of the system is high;
the combined injection structure has the advantages of few parts, low manufacturing cost, high reliability and long service life, is particularly suitable for 100 kW-level heavy-duty hydrogen fuel cell automobiles which have high requirements on hydrogen supply flow rate and low requirements on the change speed of the flow rate, and has good popularization value and market prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high flow ejector.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing three angular states of rectangular long holes on the inner and outer cylinders of the large-flow ejector.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the regulation of a high-flow ejector.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, a combined high-flow hydrogen injection device mainly comprises a hydrogen source
1. The device comprises an electromagnetic valve 2, a pressure regulator 3, a large-flow injector 4, a single nozzle 5, a fuel cell stack 6, a controller 7, a rotating motor 8, an air inlet joint 9 and an air outlet joint 10.
The hydrogen gas source 1, the electromagnetic valve 2 and the pressure regulator 3 are connected in sequence through pipelines. The pressure regulator 3 is used for depressurizing the high-pressure hydrogen gas flowing out from the hydrogen gas source 1 to adjust the pressure to the low-pressure hydrogen gas required for injection. The large flow rate injector 4 and the single nozzle 5 are connected in parallel between the pressure regulator 3 and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 6 through a pipe. The low-pressure hydrogen flowing out of the pressure regulator 3 is divided into two paths which respectively flow into the large-flow ejector 4 and the single nozzle 5, and the two paths of hydrogen are mixed and then flow into the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 6, so that the sufficient hydrogen flow can be provided for a 100 kW-level hydrogen fuel cell engine. The fuel cell stack 6 is used to consume hydrogen gas to generate electricity. The large-flow ejector 4 is provided with a rotating motor 8 for controlling the ejection volume, and the controller 7 is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve 2, the large-flow ejector 4 and the single nozzle 5 through cables for controlling the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve 2 so as to control the on-off of the pipeline hydrogen; controlling the rotation angle and the rotation direction of the rotating motor 8 so as to control the area of the rectangular outlet flow passage and provide about 90 percent of the required hydrogen flow for the fuel cell engine; the frequency and timing of the injection of the single nozzle 5 is controlled to provide about 10% of the required hydrogen flow rate for the fuel cell engine.
The hydrogen gas source 1 is provided by a hydrogen cylinder and is used for storing high-pressure hydrogen. The electromagnetic valve 2 is used for controlling the on-off of the hydrogen. The pressure regulator 3 is used to depressurize the high-pressure hydrogen gas to a pressure required by the ejector. When the electromagnetic valve 2 is switched on, the high-pressure hydrogen stored in the hydrogen source 1 flows through the electromagnetic valve 2 through a pipeline and then enters the pressure regulator 3. The high-pressure hydrogen gas is adjusted by the pressure regulator 3 to become low-pressure hydrogen gas (about 1 MPa).
The large-flow ejector 4 adopts an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder structure, and the inner cylinder is coaxially arranged in the outer cylinder. One end of the inner cylinder body is provided with a rotating motor 8 (such as a stepping motor), the inner cylinder body can rotate around the axis under the driving of the rotating motor 8, and the outer cylinder body is fixed. Rectangular long holes with an angle of 90-150 degrees are respectively arranged on the circumferential wall surfaces of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, and the large-flow ejector 4 is provided with an air inlet joint 9 and an air outlet joint 10. Preferably, the opening angle of the rectangular long holes on the circumferential wall surfaces of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is 120 degrees, and the inner cylinder can rotate within the angle range of 0-120 degrees under the driving of the rotating motor 8.
The low-pressure hydrogen flowing out of the pressure regulator 3 flows into the inner cylinder from the air inlet joint 9 of the large-flow injector 4, and the hydrogen flows out from the air outlet joint 10 of the large-flow injector 4 after passing through the two rectangular long holes. When the inner cylinder is filled with hydrogen, the hydrogen can flow out through the rectangular long hole. The air inlet joint 9 and the rotating motor 8 are respectively positioned at two ends of the large-flow ejector 4, and the air outlet joint 10 is positioned on the side wall of the large-flow ejector 4 and is perpendicular to the axis of the large-flow ejector 4. The rotating motor 8 is positioned outside the large-flow ejector 4, an output shaft of the rotating motor 8 penetrates through the outer cylinder and then is connected with one end of the inner cylinder, and the output shaft of the rotating motor 8 is overlapped with the axis of the large-flow ejector 4.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, when the inner cylinder rotates, the relative positions of the rectangular slots on the inner and outer cylinders are completely misaligned, partially aligned, and completely aligned, the flow rate of hydrogen can be continuously changed from 0 to the maximum flow rate, and the flow rate of hydrogen and the rotation angle of the inner cylinder are in a linear relationship. When the rectangular long holes on the two cylinders are completely staggered, the flow channel is completely blocked, and no hydrogen flows through; when the rectangular long holes on the two cylinders are completely aligned, the area of the flow channel is the largest, and the flow of hydrogen is the largest; when the rectangular long hole portions of the two cylindrical bodies are aligned, the area of the flow passage is between 0 and the maximum area, and the flow rate of hydrogen is between 0 and the maximum value. That is, when the inner cylinder is rotated at an angle of 0 to 120 °, the flow rate of hydrogen gas can be continuously varied from 0 to the maximum flow rate (designed according to the maximum power of the fuel cell engine), and the flow rate of hydrogen gas is substantially linearly related to the rotation angle of the inner cylinder (the area corresponding to the long hole). For example: when the inner diameter of the inner cylinder body is 10mm and the length of the short side is 2.2mm, the area of the rectangular long hole is about 23mm for the long hole with 120 degrees2The diameter of the nozzle is 2.2mm, and the area of the nozzle is about 3.8mm2) 6 times of the total weight of the powder. That is, the maximum flow rate of the large flow injector of the specification is equivalent to the sum of the flow rates of 6 single nozzles with the diameter of the spray hole of 2.2 mm. High flow injectionWhen the device 4 works, under the control of the controller 7, the inner cylinder body is driven by the motor to rotate for a certain angle, corresponding to a certain rectangular long hole area, and corresponding to 90% of the hydrogen flow required by the fuel cell stack. Assuming that the area of the rectangular slot of the inner cylinder is linear with the corresponding corner, a 120 ° corner corresponds to 100% of the area, and every 1 ° corner corresponds to 0.83% of the area. That is to say the amount of change in flow rate is about 1% of the maximum flow rate for every 1 deg. of rotation of the inner cylinder. Assuming that the rotational angle control accuracy of the drive motor is 1 °, the control accuracy of the large flow rate injector 4 for the hydrogen gas flow rate is about 1% of the maximum hydrogen gas flow rate (for a 100kW hydrogen fuel cell engine, about a hydrogen gas flow rate of 1kW power). Because the power change of the driving motor of the heavy-duty hydrogen fuel cell automobile is small in the running process, the change of the mass of hydrogen consumed by the corresponding fuel cell stack is small, namely the change of the rotation angle of the large-flow injector 4 is small. The drive motor of the mass injector 4 can remain substantially stationary when it is in a certain angular position. The part with insufficient hydrogen flow is dynamically supplied by the single nozzle 5. The mass flow ejector 4 is adjusted from one operating state to another new operating state only when the power of the fuel cell engine is increased by 10kW or more or the power of the fuel cell engine is lower than a relatively stable power value.
A control method of a combined high-flow hydrogen injection device comprises the combined high-flow hydrogen injection device and comprises the following steps:
when the power of the fuel cell engine reaches a relative stable power value A within the range of 0-90 kW, hydrogen is completely supplied by the large-flow ejector, and the single nozzle does not work; when the power of the fuel cell engine needs to be increased and the increase amount is smaller than 10kW relative to the stable power value A, the working state of the large-flow ejector is unchanged, and the increase portion of the hydrogen amount is provided by the single nozzle; when the relative stability power value A of the increment of the power of the fuel cell engine is larger than or equal to 10kW or the power of the fuel cell engine is lower than the relative stability power value A, the large-flow ejector is driven to a new relative stability power value B by the rotating motor, and power adjustment is carried out in a range of 0-10 kW by matching with the single nozzle until the next new relative stability power value C is reached, and the like.
In the actual running process of the heavy-duty hydrogen fuel cell automobile, the required hydrogen flow is large, but the flow variation is not large, so that the hydrogen flow can be divided into a steady large flow and a small flow which is changed is superposed. The above-described hydrogen flow supply can be achieved by a combined injection of the large flow injector 4 and the single nozzle 5. The combined injection mode has the advantages that the adjusting frequency of the large-flow injector 4 can be obviously reduced, the reliability of the large-flow injector is improved, and the single nozzle 5 is utilized to quickly and accurately adjust the hydrogen flow within a certain power variation range. Assuming that the driving motor of the large flow injector 4 can rotate 120 ° in 1s (corresponding to one rotation in 3s, or 20r/min), the inner cylinder can also rotate 120 ° in 1s, and the flow passage area formed by the two rectangular long holes of the inner and outer cylinders can be from 0 to the maximum or from the maximum to 0. That is, the large flow injector 4 can adjust the hydrogen flow from 0 to the maximum value within 1s, or from the maximum value to 0, that is, the large flow injector 4 has a quick adjusting capability for the hydrogen flow, and can adapt to the changing demand of the hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty automobile for the power of the driving motor.
The single nozzle 5 is a hydrogen nozzle in the general sense. The hydrogen flow rate (small flow rate) is adjusted quickly and precisely by adjusting the injection frequency and time of the single nozzle under the control of the controller 7.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a large-traffic hydrogen injection apparatus of modular which characterized in that: the device comprises a hydrogen gas source (1), an electromagnetic valve (2), a pressure regulator (3), a large-flow ejector (4), a single nozzle (5), a fuel cell stack (6) and a controller (7), wherein the hydrogen gas source (1), the electromagnetic valve (2) and the pressure regulator (3) are sequentially connected through a pipeline, the pressure regulator (3) is used for decompressing high-pressure hydrogen flowing out of the hydrogen gas source (1) and regulating the high-pressure hydrogen to low-pressure hydrogen required for ejection, and the large-flow ejector (4) and the single nozzle (5) are connected in parallel between the pressure regulator (3) and a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack (6) through pipelines; the high-flow ejector (4) is provided with a rotating motor (8) for controlling the ejection volume, and the controller (7) is respectively connected with the electromagnetic valve (2), the high-flow ejector (4) and the single nozzle (5) through cables and respectively controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve (2), the rotation angle and the rotation direction of the rotating motor (8) and the ejection frequency and time of the single nozzle (5).
2. The combined high flow hydrogen injection unit of claim 1, wherein: the large-flow ejector (4) adopts an inner cylinder and outer cylinder structure, an inner cylinder is coaxially arranged in an outer cylinder, one end of the inner cylinder is provided with the rotating motor (8), the inner cylinder can rotate around an axis under the drive of the rotating motor (8), rectangular long holes with angles of 90-150 degrees are respectively formed in the circumferential wall surfaces of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, low-pressure hydrogen flowing out of the pressure regulator (3) flows into the inner cylinder from an air inlet joint (9) of the large-flow ejector (4), and the hydrogen flows out of an air outlet joint (10) of the large-flow ejector (4) after passing through the two rectangular long holes; when the inner cylinder rotates, the relative positions of the rectangular long holes on the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are completely staggered, partially aligned and completely aligned, the flow rate of hydrogen can be continuously changed between 0 and the maximum flow rate, and the flow rate of the hydrogen and the corner of the inner cylinder are in a linear relationship.
3. The combined high flow hydrogen injection unit of claim 2, wherein: the opening angle of the rectangular long holes on the circumferential wall surfaces of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder is 120 degrees.
4. The combined high flow hydrogen injection unit of claim 2, wherein: the rotating motor (8) is positioned outside the large-flow ejector (4), an output shaft of the rotating motor (8) penetrates through the outer cylinder and then is connected with one end of the inner cylinder, and the output shaft of the rotating motor (8) is overlapped with the axis of the large-flow ejector (4).
5. The combined high flow hydrogen injection unit of claim 2, wherein: the air inlet connector (9) and the rotating motor (8) are respectively positioned at two ends of the large-flow ejector (4), and the air outlet connector (10) is positioned on the side wall of the large-flow ejector (4) and is perpendicular to the axis of the large-flow ejector (4).
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| CN202120239404.1U CN214254482U (en) | 2021-01-28 | 2021-01-28 | Combined large-flow hydrogen injection device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112820903A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-05-18 | 重庆凯瑞动力科技有限公司 | Combined type large-flow hydrogen injection device and control method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112820903A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-05-18 | 重庆凯瑞动力科技有限公司 | Combined type large-flow hydrogen injection device and control method |
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