CN214203919U - Self-recoverable circuit breaking protection structure - Google Patents
Self-recoverable circuit breaking protection structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN214203919U CN214203919U CN202120305215.XU CN202120305215U CN214203919U CN 214203919 U CN214203919 U CN 214203919U CN 202120305215 U CN202120305215 U CN 202120305215U CN 214203919 U CN214203919 U CN 214203919U
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Abstract
The application relates to a self-recovery circuit breaking protection structure, and belongs to the technical field of lithium battery safety prevention and control. The utility model provides a but protection architecture that opens circuit of self-resuming is equipped with double-deck sheetmetal in the negative pole post of battery apron of large capacity lithium cell, and this double-deck sheetmetal is installed between the top panel and the lower panel of battery apron negative pole post, and this double-deck sheetmetal is the sheetmetal that two kinds of different materials and coefficient of thermal expansion are different. The structure is small and exquisite, the cost is low, the production is easy, and the batch popularization and application are convenient. The battery system overcurrent and overtemperature protection circuit can replace a relay or a fuse in the battery system, effectively prevent the battery system from generating abnormal conditions such as overcurrent and overtemperature, and greatly improve the reliability of the overcurrent and overtemperature protection of the battery system. The series resistance of the battery system can be reduced, the charging and discharging energy efficiency of the battery system can be improved, and the heat dissipation requirement of the battery system can be reduced. The property loss of the battery or the battery system caused by overcurrent, short circuit or overtemperature is obviously reduced. Can meet the requirements of overcurrent and open circuit in various occasions, particularly in low-temperature environment.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a self-recovery circuit breaking protection structure, and belongs to the technical field of lithium battery safety prevention and control.
Background
With the progress of battery technology, the specific energy of the battery is higher and higher, and in order to improve the integration efficiency of a battery system, the capacity of a single battery is also higher and higher, so that the safety problem caused by the capacity is widely concerned. The safety problems of the battery are mainly manifested in thermal runaway and thermal expansion of the battery at high temperature, and failure of electrochemical systems such as SEI film decomposition, diaphragm melting, electrolyte vaporization decomposition and the like caused by high temperature, thereby causing explosion, ignition and combustion of the battery.
In order to prevent the battery or the battery system from being broken or removed from the battery system when the battery or the battery system is in an abnormal condition such as external short circuit, overcurrent or overtemperature, and the like, thereby inhibiting the safety accident of the battery or the battery system. For this reason, in CN103178236A patent, a fusible overcurrent piece is connected in series outside the battery, so that when the battery or the battery system is overcurrent, the overcurrent piece is instantaneously fused, and the whole battery system is broken. In the CN209169207U patent, a similar principle is adopted in CN103178236A, a fuse is placed at the center of positive and negative poles of the battery, and the fuse blows when the battery is overheated. In the CN105098133A patent, the connection piece is cut and narrowed to reduce the current-conducting ability of the connection piece, and is fused when a large current is applied. In CN105591065A, CN205319222U and CN202839813U, a current limiting device is also connected in series in the circuit, and when the battery system is over-current, the current limiting device is blown out at high temperature. In the CN206947390U patent, an external fuse is added to the positive and negative electrode cover plates of the battery, so that the fuse is easily replaced, and when the circuit is in overcurrent, the fuse is fused. In CN204760445U patent, when the internal pressure of the battery is high, the short circuit conductive member of the battery cover plate is driven to bend and deform, the short circuit conductive member and the battery cover plate short-circuit the positive and negative electrodes of the battery, and the short circuit current fuses the breakable weak portion of the electrode to break the internal circuit of the battery, so that the abnormal battery is removed from the battery pack.
The above patents show that the current limiting and breaking devices are all fused by connecting a current limiting and fusing device in series inside a single battery or in a power loop of a battery system, and the current limiting and fusing device is fused by overheating under the condition of high current. However, in order to make these current-limiting fusing devices effective when the current is too large, the fusing devices themselves have large resistance, the fusing devices generate large heat when the current is normal, the voltage drop of the system is large, the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery system is reduced, and the battery system can be alarmed or protected due to over-temperature in severe cases. When the battery or the battery system is in overcurrent, the device is overheated and fused, the damage of the battery or the battery system cannot be recovered, the current-limiting fusing device needs to be replaced by opening the box, and even the battery or other devices are damaged due to the overheating of the current-limiting fusing device, so that the battery or the battery system is scrapped.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to solve the above problems, the present application proposes a self-recoverable open-circuit protection structure. The self-recoverable open-circuit protection structure is installed between the upper panel and the lower panel of the negative pole of the battery cover plate. The open circuit protection structure is composed of double-layer metal sheets, the current generates heat when flowing through the double-layer metal sheets, the metal sheets made of two different materials deflect to one side with small thermal expansion coefficient due to the difference of thermal expansion coefficients, when the temperature exceeds a threshold value, the double-layer metal sheets deflect to a certain degree and break away from the upper panel of the negative pole column, a current channel is disconnected, and the safety problem of the battery caused by overcurrent or overheating is avoided. When the temperature of the battery is reduced, the double-layer metal sheet deflects reversely and is restored to the initial state of contacting the upper panel of the cathode post, the current channel is conducted, and the battery is restored to be normal.
The self-recoverable open circuit protection structure can be independently packaged, is connected in series in a circuit and is placed at the highest temperature of a battery system, when the circuit is over-current or the temperature of the battery system is overhigh, the self-recoverable open circuit protection device automatically cuts off a current loop, and after the circuit is opened and the temperature is reduced, the device can automatically recover a current channel.
The application provides a pair of protection architecture that opens circuit that can self-resuming is equipped with double-deck sheetmetal in the negative pole post of the battery apron of large capacity lithium cell, and this double-deck sheetmetal is installed between the top panel and the lower panel of battery apron negative pole post, and this double-deck sheetmetal is the sheetmetal that two kinds of different materials and coefficient of thermal expansion are different.
The utility model provides a but self-resuming protection architecture that opens circuit, including double-deck sheetmetal, top panel, lower panel, go up magnet, lower magnet and rivet.
Two kinds of metal with large difference of thermal expansion coefficients are utilized to manufacture the double-layer metal sheet with a specific shape. The double-layer metal sheet may be in the form of an S-shape, a Z-shape, or any desired shape. The double-layer metal sheet active layer is made of materials with large thermal expansion coefficient and good elasticity, such as copper, brass, beryllium bronze, high manganese alloy and the like; the passive layer is made of martensitic stainless steel, carbon steel and other materials with small thermal expansion coefficients, preferably beryllium bronze and martensitic stainless steel. The active layer and the passive layer are laminated together and processed into a required shape, one end of the active layer is riveted on the lower panel, and the other end of the active layer is contacted with the upper panel through the elasticity of the bimetallic strip and the attraction of the permanent magnet. When the double-layer metal sheet and the bimetallic strip generate heat, heat or cool in an overcurrent way, deformation displacement is generated, and the bimetallic strip is separated from and engaged with the contact, so that the aims of connecting and disconnecting a circuit and controlling the temperature are fulfilled.
The double-layer metal sheet is adjusted to be disconnected from the upper panel by adjusting the length and the thickness of the double-layer metal sheet and the suction force of the upper magnet and the lower magnet, and the disconnection temperature range is 25-130 ℃; after the temperature is reduced, the double-layer metal sheet is restored to be connected with the upper panel, and the reset temperature range is 20-95 ℃. Furthermore, an adjustable thimble can be arranged on the upper panel and is abutted between the double-layer metal sheet and the upper panel, so that the disconnection and reset temperature can be finely adjusted.
The upper magnet is embedded in the upper panel, the lower magnet is embedded in the passive layer of the double-layer metal plate, and the upper magnet and the lower magnet are used in a matched mode; the size, the number and the distribution position of the magnets are related to the peeling strength of the double-layer metal sheet and the upper panel; if a ferromagnetic material is used for the double-layer metal plate, the lower magnet can be eliminated.
The contact surface of the double-layer metal sheet and the upper panel is a plane, the double-layer metal sheet is tightly contacted with the upper panel by the suction force of the upper magnet and the lower magnet and the elasticity of the double-layer metal sheet, so that the flow guide of the double-layer metal sheet and the upper panel is advanced, and the open circuit caused by the separation of the double-layer metal sheet and the upper panel due to abnormal fluctuation or vibration of temperature is reduced. In order to prevent the double-layer metal sheet and the upper panel from arcing or electric sparks when high current is switched on and off, inert gases such as nitrogen, helium, argon holes and the like can be filled into the sealed cavity where the double-layer metal sheet is located.
The conductivity of the double-layer metal sheet can be determined by the material, area, thickness and quantity of the selected metal sheets. The continuous flow conductivity of the designed double-layer metal sheet is 0.5-50 times of the current of the battery or the system capacity of the battery.
In order to enable the double-layer metal sheet to achieve the aim of constant-temperature overturning, the length-width ratio L/W of the double-layer metal sheet is more than or equal to 3, and the width-thickness ratio is more than or equal to 20, so that the requirement of deflection distance of the double-layer metal sheet is met.
The self-recoverable open circuit protection structure can be placed on the negative pole or the positive pole of the upper cover of the battery and used as a self-recoverable current-limiting open circuit protection device of the battery; the device can also be packaged in a metal box and connected in series in a battery system to be used as a substitute of a relay or a fuse.
The application has the following technical effects and advantages:
1. the self-recovery circuit-breaking protection structure is arranged at the cathode post of the upper cover of the battery and is used as a battery overcurrent and overtemperature protection device. When the self-recovery circuit-breaking protection structure is packaged independently, the circuit-breaking protection structure can replace a relay or a fuse in a battery system to be used, the abnormal conditions such as overcurrent and overtemperature of the battery system are effectively prevented, and when a plurality of self-recovery circuit-breaking protection devices are connected in series for use, the reliability of overcurrent and overtemperature protection of the battery system can be greatly improved due to no need of BMS control.
2. Compared with all over-current over-temperature protection devices, the double-layer metal fragment opening temperature of the self-recovery open circuit protection structure device is positively correlated with the current, and the opening and closing temperature is accurate. The permanent magnet is adopted to assist the close contact between the double-layer metal sheet and the upper panel, the series resistance of the device is low, the heat productivity is low, the charging and discharging energy efficiency of the battery system is favorably improved, and the heat dissipation requirement of the battery or the battery system is reduced.
3. Adopt this application self recovery protection architecture device that opens circuit, its double-deck sheetmetal breaks off battery or battery system return circuit after overflowing, short circuit or overtemperature, after the temperature reduces, device automatic re-setting, and the reliability that resets is high, can obviously reduce battery or battery system because of overflowing, short circuit or the property loss after the overtemperature.
4. According to the design requirement, the double-layer metal sheet disconnection/recovery current and the temperature are adjustable, and the requirements of various occasions, particularly overcurrent disconnection in a low-temperature environment, can be met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a self-healing shutdown battery cover plate according to the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a cover plate of the self-recovery shutdown battery of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a double-layer metal sheet according to the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a self-healing circuit breaker according to the present application.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present application refers to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the drawing, 1 is a positive pole, 2 is a negative pole, 3 is a double-layer metal sheet, 4 is a lower magnet, 5 is an upper magnet, 6 is an upper panel, 7 is a lower panel, 8 is an aluminum cover plate, 9 is a rivet, 10 is an active layer, and 11 is a passive layer.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a self-healing shutdown battery cover plate according to the present application. Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a cover plate of the self-recovery shutdown battery of the present application. Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a double-layer metal sheet according to the present application. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a self-healing circuit breaker according to the present application.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the self-recovery open-circuit battery cover plate designed by the application comprises a positive pole post 1, a negative pole post 2, a double-layer metal sheet 3, an upper panel 6, a lower panel 7, an aluminum cover plate 8 and a rivet 9. The positive pole column 1 is manufactured by punching an aluminum cover plate 8; the negative pole column 2 is composed of a double-layer metal sheet 3, a lower magnet 4, an upper magnet 5, an upper panel 6, a lower panel 7 and a rivet 9. The current introduced from the upper panel 6 is transmitted to the lower panel 7 through the rivet 9, and the lower panel 7 is fixed to the double-layer metal sheet 3 through the rivet 9; the double-layer metal sheet 3 is stably contacted with the upper panel 6 for flow guiding through self elasticity, the attraction of the upper magnet 5 and the lower magnet 4, and current is introduced into the battery through the lower panel 7. In order to increase the current-conducting capacity of the double-layer metal sheet 3 and the upper panel 6, the double-layer metal sheet 3 and the upper panel 6 at the contact part of the double-layer metal sheet and the upper panel can be plated with gold or silver. When the double-layer metal sheet 3 is in overcurrent, the double-layer metal sheet 3 has overlarge heat productivity and the temperature rises, so that the double-layer metal sheet 3 deflects to the side with small thermal expansion coefficient, and when the deflection force is greater than the suction force of the upper magnet 5 and the lower magnet 4, the double-layer metal sheet 3 is disconnected with the upper panel 6, and the battery is disconnected; with the temperature reduction, the double-layer metal sheet 3 deflects to the side with the large thermal shrinkage coefficient, the double-layer metal sheet 3 deflects reversely, when the deflection distance is close to the upper panel 6, the double-layer metal sheet 3 and the upper panel 6 are conducted again under the influence of the suction force of the upper magnet 5, and the battery is recovered to be normal.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a double-layer metal sheet 3 according to the present application, in which an active layer 10 of the double-layer metal sheet 3 is made of a material with a large thermal expansion coefficient, a passive layer 11 is made of a material with a small thermal expansion coefficient, and the continuous flow guiding capability of the double-layer metal sheet 3 can be calculated from the resistivity and the flow guiding area of the material. When the double-layer metal sheet 3 is in overcurrent, the heat productivity is large, the temperature is increased, the double-layer metal sheet 3 deflects to the side with small thermal expansion coefficient, and when the deflection force is larger than the suction force of the upper magnet 5 and the lower magnet 4, the double-layer metal sheet 3 is disconnected with the upper panel 6. With the temperature reduction, the double-layer metal sheet 3 deflects to the side with the large thermal contraction coefficient, the double-layer metal sheet deflects reversely, and when the deflection distance is close to the upper panel 6, the double-layer metal sheet 3 and the upper panel 6 are restored to be conducted under the influence of the attraction of the upper magnet 5. The flow conductivity of the double-layer metal sheet 3 and the disconnection and reset temperature of the upper panel 6 can be realized by adjusting the resistivity, the width, the thickness and the structural shape of the material of the double-layer metal sheet 3 and the suction force of the upper magnet and the lower magnet.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the self-recovery circuit breaker of the present application, after the two ends of the self-recovery circuit breaker are powered on, when the current in the circuit is larger than the designed current of the self-recovery circuit breaker, the double-layer metal sheet 3 generates a large amount of heat, the temperature rises, and the double-layer metal sheet 3 turns over and is finally disconnected from the circuit. When the temperature is reduced, the double-layer metal sheet 3 is reversely turned and the circuit is conducted again.
Example 1:
the self-recovery circuit breaking protection structure is packaged in a battery upper cover negative pole column, the continuous conductivity of the bimetallic strip is 300A, and when the battery is charged and discharged continuously at 300A current, the battery cannot be broken; when the continuous charging and discharging current of the battery is 450A, the battery is disconnected when the peripheral temperature of the double-layer metal sheet is monitored for 68 ℃ for 11S; when the charging and discharging current of the battery is larger, the temperature rise of the double-layer metal sheet is faster, and the time for forming open circuit of the battery is shorter. Putting the battery into an environment with the temperature of 70 ℃ for about 2min, and disconnecting the battery; the smaller the cell size, the faster the cell will transfer heat and the shorter the time the cell will open circuit as the cell is exposed to higher ambient temperatures. When the battery is disconnected or the external environment temperature is reduced to 52 ℃, the battery automatically restores the conduction state and can be normally used.
Example 2:
the self-recovery circuit-breaking protection device is packaged in a metal box to be manufactured into a self-recovery circuit breaker, the continuous conductivity of the bimetallic strip is 400A, the bimetallic strip is connected in series in a battery system, and when the battery system is continuously charged and discharged by 400A current, the battery system cannot be broken; when the continuous charging and discharging current of the battery system exceeds 600A, the time is 7S, and when the peripheral temperature of the self-recovery circuit breaker is monitored to be 69 ℃, the self-recovery circuit breaker disconnects a battery system loop; the greater the charge and discharge current of the battery system, the shorter the shutdown time of the battery system. Putting the self-recovery circuit breaker into a temperature environment of 70 ℃ for about 40 seconds, and disconnecting the battery system; the higher the ambient temperature to which the self-recovery circuit breaker is exposed, the faster the self-recovery circuit breaker transfers heat, and the shorter the time the battery system takes to form an open circuit. When the battery system is broken or the external environment temperature is reduced to 51 ℃, the self-recovery breaker automatically recovers the conduction state, and the battery system can be normally used.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a but circuit breaking protection architecture of self-resuming which characterized in that is equipped with double-deck sheetmetal in the negative pole post of the battery apron of large capacity lithium cell, and this double-deck sheetmetal is installed between the top panel and the lower panel of battery apron negative pole post, and this double-deck sheetmetal is the sheetmetal of two kinds of different materials and coefficient of thermal expansion difference.
2. The self-recoverable open-circuit protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the cut-off temperature of the double-layer metal sheet and the upper panel of the negative pole is in the range of 25-130 ℃; and when the temperature of the battery is reduced, the double-layer metal sheet is restored to be in contact with the upper panel of the cathode post, and the reset temperature range is 20-95 ℃.
3. The self-recoverable open-circuit protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the continuous current conducting capacity of the double-layer metal sheet is 0.5 to 50 times of the battery capacity.
4. The self-healing circuit-breaking protection structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said self-healing circuit-breaking cover meets the following requirements:
(1) when the deflection force and the deflection distance of the double-layer metal sheet reach a certain degree, the double-layer metal sheet is matched with the separation and reset distance of the upper panel of the negative pole column;
(2) the flow conductivity of the double-layer metal sheet is matched with that of other parts of the battery cover plate;
(3) one or more double-layer metal sheets are arranged between the upper panel and the lower panel of the negative pole column.
5. A self-healing circuit-breaking protection structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that said double-layer metal sheet is such as to satisfy the following requirements: the length-width ratio L/W of the double-layer metal sheet is more than or equal to 3, and the width-thickness ratio is more than or equal to 20, so that the requirement of deflection distance of the double-layer metal sheet is met.
6. The self-recoverable open-circuit protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the battery cover plate comprises a positive post, a negative post, a double-layer metal sheet, an upper panel, a lower panel, an aluminum cover plate and a rivet, wherein the positive post is made by punching the aluminum cover plate; the negative pole column consists of a double-layer metal sheet, a lower magnet, an upper panel, a lower panel and a rivet, wherein current introduced from the upper panel is transmitted to the lower panel through the rivet, and the lower panel is fixed with the double-layer metal sheet through the rivet; the double-layer metal sheet is stably contacted with the upper panel for flow guiding through self elasticity, the upper magnet and the lower magnet, and current is introduced into the battery through the lower panel.
7. The self-recoverable circuit breaker protection structure of claim 6, wherein the double-layer metal sheet and the top panel at the contact portion of the double-layer metal sheet and the top panel are plated with gold or silver.
8. The self-healing circuit-break protection structure of claim 7, wherein the double-layer metal plate comprises an active layer and a passive layer, the active layer is made of a material with a large thermal expansion coefficient, the passive layer is made of a material with a small thermal expansion coefficient, the upper magnet is embedded in the upper panel, the lower magnet is embedded in the passive layer of the double-layer metal plate, and the upper magnet and the lower magnet are used in a pair.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120305215.XU CN214203919U (en) | 2021-02-03 | 2021-02-03 | Self-recoverable circuit breaking protection structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120305215.XU CN214203919U (en) | 2021-02-03 | 2021-02-03 | Self-recoverable circuit breaking protection structure |
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| CN214203919U true CN214203919U (en) | 2021-09-14 |
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| CN202120305215.XU Active CN214203919U (en) | 2021-02-03 | 2021-02-03 | Self-recoverable circuit breaking protection structure |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117254220A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2023-12-19 | 河南锂动电源有限公司 | Overheat fusing type safe lithium battery pack |
-
2021
- 2021-02-03 CN CN202120305215.XU patent/CN214203919U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117254220A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2023-12-19 | 河南锂动电源有限公司 | Overheat fusing type safe lithium battery pack |
| CN117254220B (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-01-30 | 河南锂动电源有限公司 | Overheat fusing type safe lithium battery pack |
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Effective date of registration: 20230411 Address after: Room 1602, 16th Floor, High Definition Media Building, No. 28 South Tiancheng Road, High Speed Rail New City, Xiangcheng District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215133 Patentee after: Suzhou Yuan'an Energy Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: Room b275, exhibition hall, 1st floor, 11 Guotai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433 Patentee before: Shanghai binei Information Technology Co.,Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20230918 Address after: No. 58, Yihu West Road, High tech Development Zone, Lujiang County, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 231501 Patentee after: Anhui Yizeng Power New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: Room 1602, 16th Floor, High Definition Media Building, No. 28 South Tiancheng Road, High Speed Rail New City, Xiangcheng District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, 215133 Patentee before: Suzhou Yuan'an Energy Technology Co.,Ltd. |