CN214142141U - Methanol production device - Google Patents
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- CN214142141U CN214142141U CN202023139627.5U CN202023139627U CN214142141U CN 214142141 U CN214142141 U CN 214142141U CN 202023139627 U CN202023139627 U CN 202023139627U CN 214142141 U CN214142141 U CN 214142141U
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Abstract
The application provides a methanol production device, which comprises a raw material gas source, wherein the raw material gas source provides the raw material gas; the reactors are respectively communicated with the raw material gas source so that the raw material gas is introduced into the reactors for reaction and exhausted; the heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, and the plurality of reactors are connected with the first heat exchanger; and the exhaust gas passes through the plurality of first heat exchangers respectively and then is introduced into the second heat exchanger, and a second heat exchanger is arranged on a pipeline communicated between the raw material gas source and the reactor. In this application, through setting up a plurality of parallelly connected reactors and a plurality of heat exchanger, the heat that the reaction produced can in time be removed from the reactor, avoids the catalyst in the reactor to burn out because of the high temperature to the heat can be by scientific and reasonable's utilization, with reduction consumption, reduction in production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of chemical industry, in particular to a methanol production device.
Background
The development of human society continuously puts new demands on the chemical industry, and the chemical industry is promoted to continuously progress and develop. At present, coal, natural gas, coke oven gas and various tail gases are used as raw materials to prepare synthesis gas (CO + CO)2+H2) Then, taking the synthesis gas as a raw material to prepare methanol; then methanol is used as a raw material to synthesize other chemicals, the production mode is more and more, the production scale is larger and more, and the product types are more and more. Among them, the production scale of methanol by using synthesis gas is getting larger and larger, and a single set of methanol synthesis device producing millions of tons is becoming more and more common every year.
While the methanol production process is increasingly large-sized, the key of large-sized methanol production is to design and adopt a corresponding and appropriate production process which can save energy and reduce consumption according to the characteristic that the methanol synthesis reaction is a reversible exothermic reaction. In the production, a large amount of heat is released in the reaction process of the methanol, if the heat cannot be removed in time, the reaction temperature is increased, and the increased reaction temperature causes further increase of the heat release, so that the reaction quickly flies warm, and the catalyst is burnt. Therefore, in the process of large-scale methanol production, the reaction heat is removed in time, and can be scientifically and reasonably utilized, so that the catalyst loaded in the methanol reactor can react under the optimal process condition, and the consumption can be reduced and the production cost can be reduced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The application aims to provide a methanol production device to solve the technical problems that the catalyst is burnt due to overhigh temperature of the catalyst in a reactor and the reaction heat cannot be reasonably utilized.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a methanol production apparatus, which provides a raw material gas through a raw material gas source to prepare methanol, comprising a reactor, wherein the raw material gas source provides the raw material gas to be introduced into a plurality of reactors, and gases formed after reaction are discharged from the plurality of reactors and mixed to form exhaust gas; the heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, the reactor is connected with a plurality of first heat exchangers, and the plurality of first heat exchangers are connected with the same second heat exchanger; the exhaust is cooled through a plurality of first heat exchangers respectively, the cooled exhaust is introduced into a second heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger is arranged on a pipeline communicated between the raw material gas source and the reactor, the cooled exhaust and the raw material gas exchange heat in the second heat exchanger to further reduce the temperature of the exhaust, and the temperature of the raw material gas is increased to be close to the reaction temperature required by the reactor.
In some embodiments, the reactor is cooled by supplying cooling water through a cooling water source, the cooling water is stored in a steam drum, a first heat exchanger is arranged on a pipeline communicating the cooling water source with the steam drum, and the cooling water exchanges heat with the exhaust gas in the first heat exchanger.
In some embodiments, a first heat exchanger is disposed on a pipeline of the raw gas source communicating with the reactor, and the raw gas exchanges heat with the exhaust gas in the first heat exchanger.
In some embodiments, the methanol production apparatus further includes a steam drum, the heat exchanger further includes a third type heat exchanger, a third type heat exchanger is disposed on a pipeline through which the raw material gas source communicates with the reactor, the cooling water in the steam drum exchanges heat with the reactor to form high-temperature steam, the steam drum is connected to the third type heat exchanger and is charged with the high-temperature steam, and the high-temperature steam exchanges heat with the raw material gas in the third type heat exchanger.
In some embodiments, the exhaust gas passes through the second heat exchanger and then passes through a water cooler and a methanol separator in sequence to be separated into crude methanol, purge gas and recycle gas, the crude methanol and the purge gas no longer participate in the reaction in the methanol production plant, the recycle gas passes through the first heat exchanger and is introduced into the reactor, and the recycle gas exchanges heat with the exhaust gas in the first heat exchanger.
In some embodiments, the methanol reactor comprises at least two inlets for heat exchange medium, and a desulfurization tank is disposed between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger for removing sulfur from the feedstock gas.
In some embodiments, the methanol separator is connected to a flash drum through which crude methanol and flash gas are formed and discharged from the methanol production plant.
The application also provides a control method of the methanol production device, which comprises the steps of providing a reactor, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger and a raw material gas source; the raw material gas source provides raw material gas to be introduced into the plurality of reactors, the gas formed after reaction is discharged from the plurality of reactors and mixed to form exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas passes through the plurality of first heat exchangers respectively; and the exhaust gas discharged by the plurality of first heat exchangers is introduced into a second heat exchanger, the raw material gas passes through the second heat exchanger, the exhaust gas and the raw material gas exchange heat in the second heat exchanger to further reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas, and the temperature of the raw material gas is increased to be close to the reaction temperature required by introduction into the reactor.
In some embodiments, a cooling water source is provided; the cooling water source provides cooling water and leads into the first heat exchanger, and in the first heat exchanger, the cooling water source and the exhaust gas exchange heat.
In some embodiments, the feed gas passes through the first heat exchanger where it exchanges heat with the exhaust gas.
In some embodiments, a water cooler, a methanol separator, is provided; and the exhaust gas is cooled by the water cooler and is separated into circulating gas by the methanol separator, the circulating gas passes through the first heat exchanger, and the circulating gas and the exhaust gas exchange heat in the first heat exchanger.
In this application, through setting up a plurality of parallelly connected reactors and a plurality of heat exchanger, the heat that the reaction produced can in time be removed from the reactor, avoids the catalyst in the reactor to burn out because of the high temperature to the heat can be by scientific and reasonable's utilization, with reduction consumption, reduction in production cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of the methanol production apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present application, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative and are only for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
In the present embodiment, a methanol production apparatus 100 is provided, and the present application will be further described with reference to the drawings attached to the specification.
Fig. 1 is the system block diagram of the utility model, as shown in fig. 1, methanol production device 100 includes steam drum 1, reactor 2, first heat exchanger 4, second heat exchanger 5, third type heat exchanger 6, desulfurizing tank 12, water cooler 11, methanol separator 10, flash tank 9, compressor 7, and cooling water source 3 provides cooling water and raw gas source 8 provides raw gas and gets into methanol production device 100, and discharge high temperature steam, comdenstion water, purge gas, flash distillation gas and smart methyl alcohol.
As shown in fig. 1, the connection relationship of the above-described devices of the methanol production apparatus 100 is as follows:
the raw material gas source 8 is communicated with the reactor 2, and a compressor 7, a second heat exchanger 5, a desulfurization tank 12, a first heat exchanger 4 and a third heat exchanger 6 are sequentially arranged on a pipeline communicated between the raw material gas source 8 and the reactor 2.
The reactor 2 is communicated with the methanol separator 10, and a first heat exchanger 4, a second heat exchanger 5 and a water cooler 11 are sequentially arranged on a pipeline communicated between the reactor 2 and the methanol separator 10.
The methanol separator 10 is connected to the flash tank 9 and the reactor 2, respectively. A compressor 7 and a first heat exchanger 4 are sequentially arranged on a pipeline communicated between the methanol separator 10 and the reactor 2.
The cooling water source 3 can be directly communicated with the steam drum 1 or a first heat exchanger 4 is arranged on a pipeline communicated between the cooling water source 3 and the steam drum 1. The steam drum 1 is in direct communication with the third type heat exchanger 6 and the steam drum 1 may form a circulation loop with the reactor 2.
Corresponding to the connection relationship of the above components, the processing of the raw material gas in the methanol production apparatus 100 is as follows:
the raw material gas source provides raw material gas to be pressurized by the compressor 7, and then the raw material gas enters the second heat exchanger 5 to exchange heat with exhaust gas so as to be heated to the desulfurization temperature and then enters the desulfurization tank 12, and trace sulfur is removed from the desulfurization tank 12. And then the mixture enters a first heat exchanger 4 and a third heat exchanger 6 in sequence, exchanges heat with exhaust gas and high-temperature steam respectively in sequence, is heated to the temperature required by the reaction of the reactor 2, and is introduced into the reactor 2 to carry out chemical reaction so as to prepare the methanol. At the end of the service life of the catalyst, the feed gas may not pass through the third type heat exchanger 6, and the feed gas discharged through the first heat exchanger 4 may be directly introduced into the reactor 2.
The raw material gas enters a plurality of reactors 2 for reaction, then high-temperature exhaust gas is discharged respectively, and the high-temperature exhaust gas is mixed and then is introduced into a plurality of first heat exchangers 4 respectively. In different first heat exchangers 4, heat exchange can be respectively carried out with cooling water, raw material gas and circulating gas so as to reduce the temperature of exhaust gas and remove reaction heat. Accordingly, the cooling water, the raw material gas, the temperature of the circulating gas are raised, and the raw material gas and the circulating gas are raised so as to reach the desired temperature for the reaction in the reactor 2. As an illustrative example, three shell-and-tube water-cooled methanol reactors 2 and three first heat exchangers 4 may be employed. All the exhaust gas discharged through the reactor 2 is passed into the second heat exchanger 5, where the exhaust gas is heat-exchanged with the raw material gas to lower the temperature of the exhaust gas, remove the reaction heat, and raise the temperature of the raw material gas so as to reach the desired temperature for the reaction in the reactor 2 in the second heat exchanger 5.
The exhaust gas passing through the second heat exchanger 5 is passed to a water cooler 11 to further reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas and form a gas-liquid mixture. Then the gas-liquid mixture is introduced into a methanol separator 10 for separation, the separated liquid is crude methanol, a part of the treated gas is used as recycle gas to be introduced back into the reactor 2, and the rest gas is used as purge gas to be discharged out of the methanol production device 100. The separated liquid is introduced into a flash evaporation tank 9, and enters a distillation process after flash evaporation to obtain refined methanol, and flash evaporation gas formed in the flash evaporation process is discharged out of the methanol production device 100. The recycle gas is pressurized by a compressor 7, enters a first heat exchanger 4, exchanges heat with exhaust gas to raise the temperature to the temperature required by the reaction of the reactor 2, and is introduced back to the reactor 2.
The cooling water source 3 provides cooling water, the cooling water passes through the first heat exchanger 4, heat exchange is carried out between the cooling water and the exhaust gas in the first heat exchanger 4 so as to reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas, and the cooling water discharged by the first heat exchanger is introduced into the steam drum 1. The cooling water is also directly connected with the steam drums 1 respectively, the cooling water in the steam drums 1 passes through the reactor 2 so as to achieve the purpose of cooling the catalyst in the reactor 2, and the cooling water is heated and vaporized to form high-temperature steam to return to the steam drums 1. Part of high-temperature steam in the steam pocket 1 is directly discharged out of the methanol production device 100, the rest high-temperature steam is introduced into the third heat exchanger 6, and heat exchange is carried out between the high-temperature steam and the raw material gas in the third heat exchanger 6, so that the raw material gas is heated, the high-temperature steam is cooled to form condensate water, and the condensate water is discharged out of the methanol production device 100 from the third heat exchanger 6. As an example, the steam drum 1 may adopt horizontal steam drums 1, and the number of the horizontal steam drums 1 corresponds to the number of the reactors 2 and is three.
In the reactor 2, the raw material gas is catalyzed by the catalyst to form methanol, and simultaneously releases a large amount of heat, and cooling water in the reactor 2 is vaporized to reduce the temperature of the catalyst to prevent the catalyst from burning out, so that the catalyst is kept in an optimal working state. The high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 is cooled by the first heat exchangers 4, the second heat exchangers 5 and the third heat exchangers 6 to approach the temperature required by methanol separation, and the raw material gas, the cooling water and the circulating gas are preheated in the heat exchangers to approach the required temperature, so that the reaction heat is scientifically and reasonably utilized, the consumption is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
In this embodiment, the methanol production apparatus 100 is a large-scale chemical plant composed of three shell-and-tube water-cooled methanol synthesis reactors, the shell-and-tube water-cooled methanol synthesis reactors are vertical shell-and-tube fixed tube sheet heat exchangers for by-product steam, the tube sheets and the shells thereof are directly welded without being connected by flanges, the upper end enclosure and the lower end enclosure both adopt hemispherical end enclosures, a gas distributor is arranged at the synthesis gas inlet of the upper end enclosure, refractory balls with a diameter of 10mm are filled on the upper part of the heat-insulating layer catalyst, and the filling height is 200 mm; filling refractory balls with the diameter of 10mm below the lower tube plate, wherein the filling height is 300mm, and then filling the refractory balls with the diameter of 25mm downwards; filling a catalyst in the tube array, and adopting a connection mode of sticking expansion reinforcement welding between the tube array and the tube plate; the upper end of a shell barrel of the shell-and-tube water-cooled methanol synthesis reactor is provided with six steam outlet pipes, and the lower end of the shell barrel is provided with six water inlet pipes; the loading and unloading ports of the catalyst are respectively arranged on the side seal heads of the methanol synthesis reactor; the steam drum 1 adopts a horizontal steam drum 1, the horizontal steam drum 1 is composed of a cylinder body and an end enclosure, and a steam-water cyclone separator and a corrugated plate separator are arranged in the steam drum 1. The heat exchanger, the compressor 7, the flash tank 9, the methanol separator 10, the water cooler 11 and the desulfurization tank 12 are all devices in the prior art.
In this example, the production of methanol comprises the following production steps:
(I) treatment of raw gas
(1) Compressing the purified raw material gas with the flow rate of 435000Nm3/h to 5.15MPaG by a compressor 7, heating to 73 ℃, then exchanging heat with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 after heat exchange in a second heat exchanger 5, heating to 90 ℃, and then entering a desulfurization tank 12, removing trace sulfur in the desulfurization tank 12, wherein the sulfur content in the raw material gas discharged from the desulfurization tank 12 is less than 0.01 ppm.
(2) And (3) exchanging heat between the desulfurized raw material gas and the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 in the first heat exchanger 4, heating the raw material gas to 180 ℃ at the initial stage of the service life of the catalyst, then introducing the raw material gas into the third heat exchanger 6, and heating the raw material gas to 200 ℃ in the third heat exchanger 6 through heat exchange with high-temperature steam.
(3) And at the later stage of the service life of the catalyst, the desulfurized raw gas exchanges heat with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 in the first heat exchanger 4, and the raw gas is directly heated to 200 ℃ without using the third heat exchanger 6.
Treatment of (II) tower gas
(1) And (3) pressurizing the circulating gas by a compressor 7, then introducing the pressurized circulating gas into a second heat exchanger 5 to perform heat exchange with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2, heating the circulating gas to 200 ℃, and then mixing the circulating gas with the heat-exchanged raw material gas to form tower inlet gas.
(2) The formed tower gas enters three parallel reactors 2 for reaction through natural diversion, and the gas pressure entering the three reactors 2 is 5 MPaG.
(III) utilization of reaction Heat for methanol Synthesis
(1) In the three parallel reactors 2, tower gas flows through the catalyst filled in the tubes, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are hydrogenated to synthesize methanol under the action of the catalyst, and a large amount of reaction heat is released; at this time, the reaction heat should be transferred to the boiling water on the shell side, so that the boiling water is vaporized to generate high-temperature steam, the high-temperature steam enters three independent steam drums 1, a part of the generated high-temperature steam is used for supplying heat to the third heat exchanger 6, and the rest high-temperature steam enters a corresponding steam pipe network.
(2) The three reactors 2 discharge exhaust gases with a high amount of high-grade heat, respectively, the temperature of the exhaust gases after mixing is 238.3 ℃, and then the exhaust gases are further divided into three paths:
the first path enters the first heat exchanger 4 to preheat cooling water, the cooling water can be preheated to 200 ℃ from 104 ℃, the heat utilization rate can be improved, and the heat exchange quantity of the water cooler 11 is reduced.
The second path enters another first heat exchanger 4, the circulating gas can be preheated to 200 ℃, and the gas amount is controlled by the temperature of the circulating gas at the outlet of the other first heat exchanger 4.
The third path enters the rest first heat exchanger 4, the desulfurized raw gas can be preheated to 180 ℃, and the gas amount is controlled by the temperature of the raw gas at the outlet of the rest first heat exchanger 4.
(3) Three paths of exhaust gas are mixed again after coming out of the three first heat exchangers 4, and the temperature of the mixed exhaust gas is reduced to 99 ℃; the mixed exhaust gas can preheat the raw material gas to 90 ℃ through the first heat exchanger 4, the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the first heat exchanger 4 is 97 ℃, then the exhaust gas enters the water cooler 11, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is reduced to 40 ℃ after the exhaust gas is cooled by water, so that a gas-liquid mixed phase is formed.
(IV) separation of crude methanol
The gas-liquid mixed phase of the water outlet cooler 11 is separated by a methanol separator 10: the separated liquid phase is crude methanol; one part of the separated gas phase is used as circulating gas, the temperature of the circulating gas after being pressurized by a compressor 7 is 49.6 ℃, the circulating gas is preheated to 200 ℃ by a first heat exchanger 4, and the circulating gas returns to the reactor 2 to be mixed with the gas to be reacted for cyclic utilization; taking another part of the separated gas phase as a purge gas, and controlling the content of the inert gas in the system; the purge gas can be passed to a hydrogen recovery unit to extract hydrogen.
(V) preparation of refined methanol
Introducing the separated crude methanol into a flash evaporation tank 9, and entering a rectification process after flash evaporation to obtain refined methanol; in this example, the yield of refined methanol from the rectification step was 187.53t/h, and the annual operating time was 8000 hours, and the annual yield was 150.03 ten thousand tons.
In another embodiment, the methanol production apparatus 100 employs three parallel shell-and-tube water-cooled methanol synthesis reactors as described above, and the production of methanol comprises the following production steps:
(I) treatment of raw gas
(1) Compressing the purified raw material gas with the flow rate of 516000Nm3/h to 8.15MPaG by a compressor 7, heating to 69 ℃, then exchanging heat with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 after heat exchange in a second heat exchanger 5, heating to 90 ℃, and then entering a desulfurization tank 12, removing trace sulfur in the desulfurization tank 12, wherein the sulfur content in the raw material gas discharged from the desulfurization tank 12 is less than 0.01 ppm.
(2) And (3) exchanging heat between the desulfurized raw material gas and the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 in the first heat exchanger 4, heating the raw material gas to 190 ℃ at the initial stage of the service life of the catalyst, then introducing the raw material gas into the third heat exchanger 6, and heating the raw material gas to 210 ℃ in the third heat exchanger 6 through heat exchange with high-temperature steam.
(3) And at the later stage of the service life of the catalyst, the desulfurized raw gas exchanges heat with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 in the first heat exchanger 4, and the raw gas is directly heated to 210 ℃ without using the third heat exchanger 6.
Treatment of (II) tower gas
(1) And (3) pressurizing the circulating gas by a compressor 7, then introducing the pressurized circulating gas into a second heat exchanger 5 to perform heat exchange with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2, heating the circulating gas to 210 ℃, and then mixing the circulating gas with the heat-exchanged raw material gas to form tower inlet gas.
(2) The formed tower gas enters three parallel reactors 2 for reaction through natural diversion, and the gas pressure entering the three reactors 2 is 8 MPaG.
(III) utilization of reaction Heat for methanol Synthesis
(1) In the three parallel reactors 2, tower gas flows through the catalyst filled in the tubes, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are hydrogenated to synthesize methanol under the action of the catalyst, and a large amount of reaction heat is released; at this time, the reaction heat should be transferred to the boiling water on the shell side, so that the boiling water is vaporized to generate high-temperature steam, the high-temperature steam enters three independent steam drums 1, a part of the generated high-temperature steam is used for supplying heat to the third heat exchanger 6, and the rest high-temperature steam enters a corresponding steam pipe network.
(2) The three reactors 2 discharge exhaust gases with a high amount of high-grade heat, respectively, the exhaust gases are mixed at a temperature of 243.6 ℃, and then the exhaust gases are further divided into three paths:
the first path enters the first heat exchanger 4 to preheat cooling water, the cooling water can be preheated to 200 ℃ from 104 ℃, the heat utilization rate can be improved, and the heat exchange quantity of the water cooler 11 is reduced.
The second path enters another first heat exchanger 4, the circulating gas can be preheated to 210 ℃, and the gas amount is controlled by the temperature of the circulating gas at the outlet of the other first heat exchanger 4.
The third path enters the remaining first heat exchanger 4, the desulfurized raw gas can be preheated to 190 ℃, and the gas amount is controlled by the temperature of the raw gas at the outlet of the remaining first heat exchanger 4.
(3) Three paths of exhaust gas are mixed again after coming out of the three first heat exchangers 4, and the temperature of the mixed exhaust gas is reduced to 103.8 ℃; the mixed exhaust gas can preheat the raw material gas to 90 ℃ through the first heat exchanger 4, the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the first heat exchanger 4 is 101 ℃, then the exhaust gas enters the water cooler 11, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is reduced to 40 ℃ after the exhaust gas is cooled by water to form a gas-liquid mixed phase.
(IV) separation of crude methanol
The gas-liquid mixed phase of the water outlet cooler 11 is separated by a methanol separator 10: the separated liquid phase is crude methanol; one part of the separated gas phase is used as circulating gas, the temperature of the circulating gas after being pressurized by a compressor 7 is 45.97 ℃, the circulating gas is preheated to 210 ℃ by a first heat exchanger 4, and the circulating gas returns to the reactor 2 to be mixed with the gas to be reacted for cyclic utilization; taking another part of the separated gas phase as a purge gas, and controlling the content of the inert gas in the system; the purge gas can be passed to a hydrogen recovery unit to extract hydrogen.
(V) preparation of refined methanol
Introducing the separated crude methanol into a flash evaporation tank 9, and entering a rectification process after flash evaporation to obtain refined methanol; in this example, the yield of refined methanol from the rectification step was 225.38t/h, and the annual operating time was 8000 hours, and the annual yield was 180.3 ten thousand tons.
In another embodiment, the methanol production apparatus 100 employs three parallel shell-and-tube water-cooled methanol synthesis reactors as described above, and the production of methanol comprises the following production steps:
(I) treatment of raw gas
(1) Compressing the purified raw material gas with the flow rate of 572800Nm3/h to 8.15MPaG by a compressor 7, heating to 63 ℃, then exchanging heat with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 after heat exchange in a second heat exchanger 5, heating to 90 ℃, and then entering a desulfurization tank 12, removing trace sulfur in the desulfurization tank 12, wherein the sulfur content in the raw material gas discharged from the desulfurization tank 12 is less than 0.01 ppm.
(2) And (3) exchanging heat between the desulfurized raw material gas and the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 in the first heat exchanger 4, heating the raw material gas to 200 ℃ at the initial stage of the service life of the catalyst, then introducing the raw material gas into the third heat exchanger 6, and heating the raw material gas to 220 ℃ in the third heat exchanger 6 through heat exchange with high-temperature steam.
(3) And at the later stage of the service life of the catalyst, the desulfurized raw gas exchanges heat with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 in the first heat exchanger 4, and the raw gas is directly heated to 220 ℃ without using the third heat exchanger 6.
Treatment of (II) tower gas
(1) And (3) pressurizing the circulating gas by a compressor 7, then introducing the pressurized circulating gas into a second heat exchanger 5 to perform heat exchange with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2, heating the circulating gas to 220 ℃, and then mixing the circulating gas with the heat-exchanged raw material gas to form tower inlet gas.
(2) The formed tower gas enters three parallel reactors 2 for reaction through natural diversion, and the gas pressure entering the three reactors 2 is 8 MPaG.
(III) utilization of reaction Heat for methanol Synthesis
(1) In the three parallel reactors 2, tower gas flows through the catalyst filled in the tubes, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are hydrogenated to synthesize methanol under the action of the catalyst, and a large amount of reaction heat is released; at this time, the reaction heat should be transferred to the boiling water on the shell side, so that the boiling water is vaporized to generate high-temperature steam, the high-temperature steam enters three independent steam drums 1, a part of the generated high-temperature steam is used for supplying heat to the third heat exchanger 6, and the rest high-temperature steam enters a corresponding steam pipe network.
(2) The three reactors 2 discharge exhaust gases with a high amount of high-grade heat, respectively, the exhaust gases are mixed at a temperature of 248.6 ℃, and then the exhaust gases are further divided into three paths:
the first path enters the first heat exchanger 4 to preheat cooling water, the cooling water can be preheated to 200 ℃ from 104 ℃, the heat utilization rate can be improved, and the heat exchange quantity of the water cooler 11 is reduced.
The second path enters another first heat exchanger 4, the circulating gas can be preheated to 220 ℃, and the gas amount is controlled by the temperature of the circulating gas at the outlet of the other first heat exchanger 4.
The third path enters the rest first heat exchanger 4, the desulfurized raw gas can be preheated to 200 ℃, and the gas amount is controlled by the temperature of the raw gas at the outlet of the rest first heat exchanger 4.
(3) Three paths of exhaust gas are mixed again after coming out of the three first heat exchangers 4, and the temperature of the mixed exhaust gas is reduced to 100.9 ℃; the mixed exhaust gas can preheat the raw material gas to 90 ℃ through the first heat exchanger 4, the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the first heat exchanger 4 is 98.2 ℃, then the exhaust gas enters the water cooler 11, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is reduced to 40 ℃ after the exhaust gas is cooled by water, so that a gas-liquid mixed phase is formed.
(IV) separation of crude methanol
The gas-liquid mixed phase of the water outlet cooler 11 is separated by a methanol separator 10: the separated liquid phase is crude methanol; one part of the separated gas phase is used as circulating gas, the temperature of the circulating gas after being pressurized by a compressor 7 is 45.25 ℃, the circulating gas is preheated to 220 ℃ by a first heat exchanger 4, and the circulating gas returns to the reactor 2 to be mixed with the gas to be reacted for cyclic utilization; taking another part of the separated gas phase as a purge gas, and controlling the content of the inert gas in the system; the purge gas can be passed to a hydrogen recovery unit to extract hydrogen.
(V) preparation of refined methanol
Introducing the separated crude methanol into a flash evaporation tank 9, and entering a rectification process after flash evaporation to obtain refined methanol; in this example, the yield of purified methanol from the rectification step was 250.1t/h, and the annual operation time was 8000 hours, and the annual yield was 200.08 ten thousand tons.
In another embodiment, the methanol production apparatus 100 employs three parallel shell-and-tube water-cooled methanol synthesis reactors as described above, and the production of methanol comprises the following production steps:
(I) treatment of raw gas
(1) The purified raw material gas with the flow rate of 687500Nm3/h is compressed to 8.15MPaG by a compressor 7 and heated to 61.4 ℃, then the purified raw material gas exchanges heat with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 after heat exchange in a second heat exchanger 5 and is heated to 90 ℃, and then the purified raw material gas enters a desulfurization tank 12, trace sulfur is removed in the desulfurization tank 12, and the sulfur content in the raw material gas discharged from the desulfurization tank 12 is less than 0.01 ppm.
(2) And (3) exchanging heat between the desulfurized raw material gas and the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 in the first heat exchanger 4, heating the raw material gas to 200 ℃ at the initial stage of the service life of the catalyst, then introducing the raw material gas into the third heat exchanger 6, and heating the raw material gas to 225 ℃ in the third heat exchanger 6 through heat exchange with high-temperature steam.
(3) And at the later stage of the service life of the catalyst, the desulfurized raw material gas exchanges heat with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 in the first heat exchanger 4, and the temperature of the raw material gas is directly raised to 225 ℃ without using the third heat exchanger 6.
Treatment of (II) tower gas
(1) And (3) pressurizing the circulating gas by a compressor 7, then introducing the pressurized circulating gas into a second heat exchanger 5 to perform heat exchange with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2, heating the circulating gas to 225 ℃, and then mixing the circulating gas with the heat-exchanged raw material gas to form tower inlet gas.
(2) The formed tower gas enters three parallel reactors 2 for reaction through natural diversion, and the gas pressure entering the three reactors 2 is 8 MPaG.
(III) utilization of reaction Heat for methanol Synthesis
(1) In the three parallel reactors 2, tower gas flows through the catalyst filled in the tubes, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are hydrogenated to synthesize methanol under the action of the catalyst, and a large amount of reaction heat is released; at this time, the reaction heat should be transferred to the boiling water on the shell side, so that the boiling water is vaporized to generate high-temperature steam, the high-temperature steam enters three independent steam drums 1, a part of the generated high-temperature steam is used for supplying heat to the third heat exchanger 6, and the rest high-temperature steam enters a corresponding steam pipe network.
(2) The three reactors 2 discharge exhaust gases with a large amount of high-grade heat, respectively, the temperature of the exhaust gases after mixing is 253.1 ℃, and then the exhaust gases are further divided into three paths:
the first path enters the first heat exchanger 4 to preheat cooling water, the cooling water can be preheated to 200 ℃ from 104 ℃, the heat utilization rate can be improved, and the heat exchange quantity of the water cooler 11 is reduced.
The second path enters another first heat exchanger 4, the circulating gas can be preheated to 220 ℃, and the gas amount is controlled by the temperature of the circulating gas at the outlet of the other first heat exchanger 4.
The third path enters the rest first heat exchanger 4, the desulfurized raw gas can be preheated to 200 ℃, and the gas amount is controlled by the temperature of the raw gas at the outlet of the rest first heat exchanger 4.
(3) Three paths of exhaust gas are mixed again after coming out of the three first heat exchangers 4, and the temperature of the mixed exhaust gas is reduced to 105.2 ℃; the mixed exhaust gas can preheat the raw material gas to 90 ℃ through the first heat exchanger 4, the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the first heat exchanger 4 is 102.14 ℃, then the exhaust gas enters the water cooler 11, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is reduced to 40 ℃ after water cooling to form a gas-liquid mixed phase.
(IV) separation of crude methanol
The gas-liquid mixed phase of the water outlet cooler 11 is separated by a methanol separator 10: the separated liquid phase is crude methanol; one part of the separated gas phase is used as circulating gas, the temperature of the circulating gas after being pressurized by a compressor 7 is 44.21 ℃, the circulating gas is preheated to 225 ℃ by a first heat exchanger 4, and the circulating gas returns to the reactor 2 to be mixed with the gas to be reacted for cyclic utilization; taking another part of the separated gas phase as a purge gas, and controlling the content of the inert gas in the system; the purge gas can be passed to a hydrogen recovery unit to extract hydrogen.
(V) preparation of refined methanol
Introducing the separated crude methanol into a flash evaporation tank 9, and entering a rectification process after flash evaporation to obtain refined methanol; in this example, the yield of refined methanol from the rectification step was 302.96t/h, and the annual operating time was 8000 hours, and the annual yield was 242.36 ten thousand tons.
In another embodiment, the methanol production apparatus 100 employs two parallel shell-and-tube water-cooled methanol synthesis reactors as described above, and the production of methanol comprises the following production steps:
(I) treatment of raw gas
(1) Compressing the purified raw material gas with the flow rate of 344300Nm3/h to 8.1MPaG by a compressor 7, heating to 63.2 ℃, then exchanging heat with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 after heat exchange in a second heat exchanger 5, heating to 90 ℃, then entering a desulfurization tank 12, removing trace sulfur in the desulfurization tank 12, and discharging the raw material gas from the desulfurization tank 12, wherein the sulfur content is less than 0.01 ppm.
(2) And (3) exchanging heat between the desulfurized raw material gas and the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 in the first heat exchanger 4, heating the raw material gas to 200 ℃ at the initial stage of the service life of the catalyst, then introducing the raw material gas into the third heat exchanger 6, and heating the raw material gas to 220 ℃ in the third heat exchanger 6 through heat exchange with high-temperature steam.
(3) And at the later stage of the service life of the catalyst, the desulfurized raw gas exchanges heat with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 in the first heat exchanger 4, and the raw gas is directly heated to 220 ℃ without using the third heat exchanger 6.
Treatment of (II) tower gas
(1) And (3) pressurizing the circulating gas by a compressor 7, then introducing the pressurized circulating gas into a second heat exchanger 5 to perform heat exchange with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2, heating the circulating gas to 220 ℃, and then mixing the circulating gas with the heat-exchanged raw material gas to form tower inlet gas.
(2) The formed tower gas enters two parallel reactors 2 for reaction through natural diversion, and the gas pressure entering the two reactors 2 is 8 MPaG.
(III) utilization of reaction Heat for methanol Synthesis
(1) In the two parallel reactors 2, tower gas can flow through the catalyst filled in the tubes, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are hydrogenated to synthesize methanol under the action of the catalyst, and a large amount of reaction heat is released; at this time, the reaction heat should be transferred to the boiling water on the shell side, so that the boiling water is vaporized to generate high-temperature steam, the high-temperature steam enters two independent steam drums 1 (or shares one steam drum), a part of the generated high-temperature steam is used for supplying heat to the third heat exchanger 6, and the rest high-temperature steam enters a corresponding steam pipe network.
(2) The two reactors 2 discharge exhaust gases with a high amount of high-grade heat, respectively, the temperature of the exhaust gases after mixing is 253.8 ℃, and then the exhaust gases are further divided into three paths:
the first path enters the first heat exchanger 4 to preheat cooling water, the cooling water can be preheated to 200 ℃ from 104 ℃, the heat utilization rate can be improved, and the heat exchange quantity of the water cooler 11 is reduced.
The second path enters another first heat exchanger 4, the circulating gas can be preheated to 220 ℃, and the gas amount is controlled by the temperature of the circulating gas at the outlet of the other first heat exchanger 4.
The third path enters the rest first heat exchanger 4, the desulfurized raw gas can be preheated to 200 ℃, and the gas amount is controlled by the temperature of the raw gas at the outlet of the rest first heat exchanger 4.
(3) Three paths of exhaust gas are mixed again after coming out of the three first heat exchangers 4, and the temperature of the mixed exhaust gas is reduced to 103.2 ℃; the mixed exhaust gas can preheat the raw material gas to 90 ℃ through the first heat exchanger 4, the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the first heat exchanger 4 is 100.7 ℃, then the exhaust gas enters the water cooler 11, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is reduced to 40 ℃ after water cooling to form a gas-liquid mixed phase.
(IV) separation of crude methanol
The gas-liquid mixed phase of the water outlet cooler 11 is separated by a methanol separator 10: the separated liquid phase is crude methanol; one part of the separated gas phase is used as circulating gas, the temperature of the circulating gas after being pressurized by a compressor 7 is 47.9 ℃, the circulating gas is preheated to 220 ℃ by a first heat exchanger 4, and the circulating gas returns to the reactor 2 to be mixed with the gas to be reacted for cyclic utilization; taking another part of the separated gas phase as a purge gas, and controlling the content of the inert gas in the system; the purge gas can be passed to a hydrogen recovery unit to extract hydrogen.
(V) preparation of refined methanol
Introducing the separated crude methanol into a flash evaporation tank 9, and entering a rectification process after flash evaporation to obtain refined methanol; in this example, the yield of refined methanol from the rectification step was 151.52t/h, and 8000 hours per year of operation, the annual yield was 121.2 ten thousand tons.
In another embodiment, the methanol production apparatus 100 employs four parallel shell-and-tube water-cooled methanol synthesis reactors as described above, and the production of methanol comprises the following production steps:
(I) treatment of raw gas
(1) Compressing the purified raw material gas with the flow rate of 860000Nm3/h to 8.15MPaG by a compressor 7, heating to 58.7 ℃, then exchanging heat with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 after heat exchange in a second heat exchanger 5, heating to 90 ℃, then entering a desulfurization tank 12, removing trace sulfur in the desulfurization tank 12, and discharging the raw material gas from the desulfurization tank 12, wherein the sulfur content is less than 0.01 ppm.
(2) And (3) exchanging heat between the desulfurized raw material gas and the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 in the first heat exchanger 4, heating the raw material gas to 200 ℃ at the initial stage of the service life of the catalyst, then introducing the raw material gas into the third heat exchanger 6, and heating the raw material gas to 220 ℃ in the third heat exchanger 6 through heat exchange with high-temperature steam.
(3) And at the later stage of the service life of the catalyst, the desulfurized raw gas exchanges heat with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2 in the first heat exchanger 4, and the raw gas is directly heated to 220 ℃ without using the third heat exchanger 6.
Treatment of (II) tower gas
(1) And (3) pressurizing the circulating gas by a compressor 7, then introducing the pressurized circulating gas into a second heat exchanger 5 to perform heat exchange with the exhaust gas discharged from the reactor 2, heating the circulating gas to 220 ℃, and then mixing the circulating gas with the heat-exchanged raw material gas to form tower inlet gas.
(2) The formed tower gas enters four parallel reactors 2 for reaction through natural diversion, and the gas pressure entering the four reactors 2 is 8 MPaG.
(III) utilization of reaction Heat for methanol Synthesis
(1) In the four parallel reactors 2, tower gas flows through the catalyst filled in the tubes, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are hydrogenated to synthesize methanol under the action of the catalyst, and a large amount of reaction heat is released; at this time, the reaction heat should be transferred to the boiling water on the shell side, so that the boiling water is vaporized to generate high-temperature steam, the high-temperature steam enters three independent steam drums 1, a part of the generated high-temperature steam is used for supplying heat to the third heat exchanger 6, and the rest high-temperature steam enters a corresponding steam pipe network.
(2) The four reactors 2 discharge exhaust gases with a high amount of high-grade heat, respectively, the exhaust gases are mixed at a temperature of 251.3 ℃, and then the exhaust gases are further divided into three paths:
the first path enters the first heat exchanger 4 to preheat cooling water, the cooling water can be preheated to 200 ℃ from 104 ℃, the heat utilization rate can be improved, and the heat exchange quantity of the water cooler 11 is reduced.
The second path enters another first heat exchanger 4, the circulating gas can be preheated to 220 ℃, and the gas amount is controlled by the temperature of the circulating gas at the outlet of the other first heat exchanger 4.
The third path enters the rest first heat exchanger 4, the desulfurized raw gas can be preheated to 200 ℃, and the gas amount is controlled by the temperature of the raw gas at the outlet of the rest first heat exchanger 4.
(3) Three paths of exhaust gas are mixed again after coming out of the three first heat exchangers 4, and the temperature of the mixed exhaust gas is reduced to 107.52 ℃; the mixed exhaust gas can preheat the raw material gas to 90 ℃ through the first heat exchanger 4, the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged from the first heat exchanger 4 is 103.9 ℃, then the exhaust gas enters the water cooler 11, and the temperature of the exhaust gas is reduced to 40 ℃ after water cooling to form a gas-liquid mixed phase.
(IV) separation of crude methanol
The gas-liquid mixed phase of the water outlet cooler 11 is separated by a methanol separator 10: the separated liquid phase is crude methanol; one part of the separated gas phase is used as circulating gas, the temperature of the circulating gas after being pressurized by a compressor 7 is 42.36 ℃, the circulating gas is preheated to 220 ℃ by a first heat exchanger 4, and the circulating gas returns to the reactor 2 to be mixed with the gas to be reacted for cyclic utilization; taking another part of the separated gas phase as a purge gas, and controlling the content of the inert gas in the system; the purge gas can be passed to a hydrogen recovery unit to extract hydrogen.
(V) preparation of refined methanol
Introducing the separated crude methanol into a flash evaporation tank 9, and entering a rectification process after flash evaporation to obtain refined methanol; in this example, the yield of refined methanol from the rectification step was 375.12t/h, and the annual operating time was 8000 hours, and the annual yield was 300.09 ten thousand tons.
The embodiment of the control method of the methanol production apparatus 100 in the present application has been embodied in the above-mentioned specific embodiment of the methanol production apparatus 100, and is not described herein again.
The methanol production device in the application has the advantages that the yield of 100 years can reach millions of tons, the heat generated by reaction can be removed from the reactor 2 in time by arranging the plurality of parallel reactors 2 and the plurality of heat exchangers, the catalyst in the reactor 2 is prevented from being burnt due to overhigh temperature, and the heat can be utilized scientifically and reasonably to reduce consumption and production cost.
The present application has been described in relation to the above embodiments, which are only examples for implementing the present application. It must be noted that the disclosed embodiments do not limit the scope of the application. Rather, modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the claims are included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A methanol production apparatus for producing methanol using a raw material gas, characterized by comprising:
a feed gas source that provides the feed gas;
the reactors are respectively communicated with the raw material gas source so that the raw material gas is introduced into the reactors for reaction and exhausted;
the heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, and the plurality of reactors are connected with the first heat exchanger;
and the exhaust gas passes through the plurality of first heat exchangers respectively and then is introduced into the second heat exchanger, and a second heat exchanger is arranged on a pipeline communicated between the raw material gas source and the reactor.
2. The methanol production plant of claim 1, further comprising a steam drum; the reactor is cooled by cooling water supplied by a cooling water source, the cooling water is stored in a steam drum, a first heat exchanger is arranged on a communication pipeline between the cooling water source and the steam drum, and the cooling water and the exhaust gas exchange heat in the first heat exchanger.
3. The methanol production apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a first heat exchanger is provided on a pipe through which the raw gas source communicates with the reactor, and the raw gas exchanges heat with the exhaust gas in the first heat exchanger.
4. The methanol production plant of claim 2, wherein the heat exchanger further comprises a third heat exchanger, a pipeline for communicating the raw gas source with the reactor is provided with the third heat exchanger, the cooling water in the steam drum is in heat exchange with the reactor to form high-temperature steam, the steam drum is connected with the third heat exchanger and is filled with the high-temperature steam, and the high-temperature steam is in heat exchange with the raw gas in the third heat exchanger.
5. The methanol production apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas passes through the second heat exchanger and then passes through a water cooler and a methanol separator in order to be separated into crude methanol, purge gas, and recycle gas, the crude methanol and the purge gas no longer participate in the reaction in the methanol production apparatus, the recycle gas passes through the first heat exchanger and is introduced into the reactor, and the recycle gas exchanges heat with the exhaust gas in the first heat exchanger.
6. The methanol production apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a desulfurization tank for removing sulfur from the raw material gas is provided between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger.
7. The methanol production plant of claim 5 wherein the methanol separator is connected to a flash drum through which crude methanol and flash gas are formed and discharged from the methanol production plant.
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