CN101721956B - Isothermal low-temperature CO conversion reactor - Google Patents
Isothermal low-temperature CO conversion reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101721956B CN101721956B CN2009102271011A CN200910227101A CN101721956B CN 101721956 B CN101721956 B CN 101721956B CN 2009102271011 A CN2009102271011 A CN 2009102271011A CN 200910227101 A CN200910227101 A CN 200910227101A CN 101721956 B CN101721956 B CN 101721956B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an isothermal low-temperature CO shift reactor which is reaction equipment used for carrying out a reaction that CO and water vapor are converted into CO2 and H2 under certain low temperature. The isothermal low-temperature CO shift reactor comprises a radial basket in a cylindrical shell, a vapor chamber and a water chamber, wherein a catalyst is filled in the radial basket with a central tube to form a catalyst bed, and the catalyst bed is internally provided with a plurality of suspension heat exchange tubes containing water; the upper ends of short tubes are communicated with the water chamber, while the lower ends are inserted into the heat exchange tubes, and the upper ends of the heat exchange tubes are communicated with the vapor chamber; the catalyst bed is also provided with an inversed U-shaped tube, and both ports of the inversed U-shaped tube are respectively connected with two concentric annular tubes; one annular tube is connected with a vapor outlet of a vapor packet through a connecting tube and a vapor inlet, while the other annular tube is communicated with an annular space between the cylindrical shell and the radial basket through a corresponding connecting tube, and an unreacted gas inlet is also communicated with the annular space; a water outlet of the vapor packet is connected with the water chamber; and a vapor outlet of the vapor chamber is connected to a vapor inlet of the vapor packet. The isothermal low-temperature CO shift reactor can continuously release heat and continuously remove reaction heat by using another medium so as to maintain the reaction to be carried out at isothermal low temperature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly under certain constant low temperature, carry out CO and water vapour is transformed into CO
2With H
2Consersion unit, use the gas contain a large amount of CO and change into H
2, and further as product hydrogen sources such as synthetic ammonia, methyl alcohol, acetic acid.
Background technology
Coal gas, conversion of natural gas gas, oven gas reformed gas, calcium carbide stove exhaust, blast furnace gas etc., these gases all contain a large amount of CO, for example to contain CO be 90% to calcium carbide tail gas, in the coal gas CO content be 30%～68% (with coal gasification method different have different), the variable H that is changed to of great use of CO
2, the reaction equation of its conversion is:
Transformationreation is the heat release reversible reaction, and catalyst and excessive H must be arranged
2It is excessive that O (steam) presses reaction equation, just can make reaction to generating H
2Direction is carried out.
Transformation catalyst also has several compositions such as cobalt, molybdenum based on iron.The transformation catalyst that contains cobalt, molybdenum, its active component are MoS.The serviceability temperature scope of transformation catalyst is 200 ℃～470 ℃.When catalyst WGR (ratio that adds steam and reaction gas) was high, the devulcanization reaction can take place:
The devulcanization reaction can make catalysqt deactivation
Low at WGR, when temperature was high (＞400 ℃), the methanation strong exothermal reaction can take place:
3H
2+CO＝CH
4+H
2O
Methanation reaction is not converted into hydrogen, also can consume hydrogen, generates useless CH
4, the processing that increases subsequent technique bothers, and the catalysagen temperature is risen suddenly, burns out catalyst.
The liquid to steam ratio height, it is many promptly to add steam, and supplies consumption increases, and simultaneously, unreacted excessive water steam is increased, and increases the recovered steam device.The producing gas method difference, CO content difference then, for example: CO content is about 30% in the coal gas of air-steam lump coal gasification, and CO content is about 45% in the coal gas of oxygen-steam coal water slurry gasification, CO content about 60%～68% in the coal gas of oxygen-steam dried coal powder gasification.CO all will be converted into H by above-mentioned transformationreation in the coal gas
2If the product behind the conversion gas is a methyl alcohol, then CO keeps 18%～20% in the conversion gas; Product is synthetic ammonia or H
2, then CO can only keep 0.3%～0.4% in the conversion gas.If product is a synthetic ammonia behind the conversion gas, with methanolizing hydrocarbonylation purification, conversion gas CO keeps 1%～3%.
Product is synthetic ammonia and two kinds of methyl alcohol (connection alcohol), and then CO is left 3%～10% in the conversion gas.
By reaction equation as can be known, the CO conversion is exothermic reaction, and liberated heat can make reacting gas heat up, and catalyst reacts under this temperature synchronously.Every reaction 1%CO (wet basis), 9 ℃～10 ℃ of temperature rises (butt raises 5 ℃～6 ℃); CO content is high more in the coal gas, and reaction back conversion gas CO content is low more, and promptly conversion CO is many more, and temperature rise is high more.
For example: CO 65% (butt) in the coal gas, WGR R=1.1, CO is 13% (butt) after the conversion, presses:
CO+H
2O＝CO
2+H
2+Q
65 115 4.3 23.7
13 52+3 69.3-3?88.7-3
Reaction afterreaction heat: 9590cal/mol,
Emit heat: 52 * 9590=498680Kcal/h,
Cp：9.01kcal/kmol℃，
Reacting rear material: 210kmol/h,
498680.8＝210×9.01×Δt Δt＝263.56
If temperature is 245 ℃ before the reaction, then reaction back temperature is: 263.56+245=508.56 ℃;
This temperature is higher than catalyst and uses maximum temperature, can have a strong impact on activity of such catalysts.How to control the temperature of course of reaction, make it to be no more than the maximum operation (service) temperature that catalyst allows, control liquid to steam ratio again simultaneously, make it to add steam and reduce, will also after reducing, water vapour not produce methanation reaction? the principle way that addresses the above problem at present is:
(1) gas preheating is to the catalyst initial reaction temperature, add a certain amount of steam, reach certain gas to steam ratio, carry out the transformationreation first time, a CO conversion part, CO is reduced to a certain degree in the gas, temperature raises (be no more than catalyst and allow maximum temperature), and with the reaction gas cooling, temperature reduces (higher slightly than catalyst permission minimum temperature, guarantee not condensation of steam, catalyst activity is higher); Carry out the reaction second time, CO reduces again, and temperature raises again (the same, as to be no more than catalyst and to allow maximum temperature), cooling (chilling temperature such as preceding principle) again; Carry out transformationreation for the third time again, reach the CO content of final needs.
The method of cooling has three kinds: 1. directly add in the pyroreaction gas with cooled coal gas; 2. arrange a heat exchanger (as tubular heat exchanger), thermal response is made a side (as in managing) leave with rage, and cooled coal gas is walked opposite side (outer as managing), cooling indirectly; 3. directly be injected in the thermal response gas with condensed water, reach the cooling purpose.
Lift existing three kinds of canonical transformation flow processs below, with explanation now.
First kind of canonical transformation flow process is that high concentration CO shown in Figure 1 is produced the synthetic-ammonia transformation system flow, contains the gas preheating to 245 ℃ of CO 65%, and coal gas becomes stove 1 reaction through pre-, and CO reduces to 59.1%, temperature rise to 275 ℃; Mend superheated steam, gas to steam ratio reaches 1.1, enters 2 reactions of first change furnace, CO reduces to 21%, temperature rise to 470 ℃ divides three strands and flow point not enter methane gasification preheater 3, steam superheater 4, the useless pot 5 of #1, enters broken cold humidifier 6, by process condensate water humidification, the reaction gas temperature is reduced to 232 ℃, enters second change furnace 7, and CO reduces to 3%, temperature rise to 324 ℃ enters the useless pot 8 of #2; The reaction gas temperature is reduced to 215 ℃, enters the 3rd change furnace 9, temperature rise to 228.3 ℃, and CO reduces to 0.4%, enters the useless pot 10 of #3, and the reaction gas temperature is reduced to 160 ℃, produces low-pressure steam, and conversion gas goes to the downstream.
Second kind of canonical transformation flow process is that high concentration CO shown in Figure 2 is produced methyl alcohol transformation system flow process, coal gas CO 66%, be divided into three strands: one 35% (main flow) advances preheater 17, mend superheated steam, advance main heat and hand over 11 to be heated to 240 ℃, advance 12 reactions of first change furnace, CO reduces to 40%, temperature rise to 410 ℃ is advanced main heat and is handed over the outer cooled coal gas of heating tube in 11 pipes; After going out main heat friendship 11, add 30% cooled coal gas (second strand), enter the broken cold filter 13 of #1, add the technology condensed water, reaction gas is cooled to 230 ℃, advances 14 reactions of second change furnace, CO reduces to 22%, and temperature rise to 400 ℃ adds 30% cooled coal gas (the 3rd strand), enter the broken cold filter 15 of #2, add the technology condensed water, reaction gas is cooled to 230 ℃, advances 16 reactions of the 3rd change furnace, temperature rise to 350 ℃, CO reduces to 9%～11%.The 3rd change furnace 16 reaction hot gas enter the outer cooled coal gas of heating tube in gas preheating device 17 pipes, enter feedwater preheater 18, demineralized-water preheater 19, separator 110, conversion air water cooler 111, separator 112 successively, conversion pneumatic transmission lower procedure.
The third canonical transformation flow process is a semiwater gas shift process shown in Figure 3, import semiwater gas CO30%, 200 ℃ of initial temperatures.Advance main heat and hand over 23, mend steam, steam-to-gas ratio reaches 0.5, advance intermediate heat and hand in 25 pipes, pre-change stove 26 is advanced in temperature rise to 220 ℃, 250 ℃ of temperature rises, advance first section conversion of three sections change furnaces 28, the CO15.8% that gives vent to anger, temperature rises to 360 ℃, advancing intermediate heat hands between 25 pipes, advance cold shock humidifier 27 epimeres, work of water sprinkling for better material moisture is cooled to 200 ℃ with reaction gas.Advance the second-stage reaction, temperature rise to 287 ℃ of three sections change furnaces 28, the CO6.4% that gives vent to anger advances cold shock humidifier 27 hypomere work of water sprinkling for better material moisture and is cooled to 195 ℃, advances three sections reactions of three sections change furnaces 28,232 ℃ of temperature rises, and CO2.5% gives vent to anger.
From the several as can be seen problems of above-mentioned three typical process: 1. for avoiding a CO interconversion rate too high, the heat release overtemperature must be taked earlier pre-thermal response once, cooling once again reaction once, again cooling once, the cooling again of reaction for the third time; 2. require the liquid to steam ratio height, steam consumption is increased; 3. for reclaiming the condensation separation of reaction heat and superfluous steam, the retracting device of row is set; 4. cooling means has indirect cooling, and directly cold air cools off and adds condensed water and cools off.
Above-mentioned first kind of canonical transformation flow process has three change furnaces, all is connected with cooling heat exchanger behind each change furnace; The table of equipment number is many, long flow path, and floor space is big; First change furnace is overtemperature especially easily.
Second kind of canonical transformation flow process has three change furnaces, and wherein two change furnaces are connected with the work of water sprinkling for better material moisture tower respectively, and the table of equipment number is many, long flow path, and floor space is big; Two unreacted cold air cold shock by-passes are arranged, and two condensed water cold shock by-pass control valves (control point) are many, and operation easier is big.
The third canonical transformation flow process can only be handled the conversion that CO is 30% left and right sides coal gas, and a change furnace contains three sections catalyst, the outer cooling of it and heat exchanger, and two spray cooling heat boosters link to each other, and three advance three goes out, the pipeline complexity, the temperature adjustment difficulty is big.
The spray cooling heat booster is if the water yield is improper, water quality is bad, can cause efflorescence of next section catalyst or caking.
Above-mentioned in a word three kinds of canonical transformation flow processs, conversion equipment is many, long flow path, steam loss is big, and operation control difficulty is big.Particularly the easy overtemperature of first stove (section) burns out catalyst.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that the defective at prior art exists proposes a kind of isothermal low-temperature CO shift reactor, it can be in course of reaction, constantly exothermic heat of reaction is constantly removed reaction heat with another medium immediately, keeps to be reflected under low temperature, the constant temperature and carries out.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, the structure of described isothermal low-temperature CO shift reactor is, it has upper/lower terminal to be the vertically-arranged circular cylindrical shell of end socket, its design feature is, upper perforated plate and lower perforated plate are equipped with in described circular cylindrical shell inner chamber top, cavity between upper perforated plate and the circular cylindrical shell upper end end socket is a hydroecium, and the cavity between upper perforated plate and the lower perforated plate is a steam chest; Be distributed with the radially basket of some breeder tubes bottom being equipped with in the circular cylindrical shell for the end socket sidewall, this radially connects with described lower perforated plate on a basket top; Radially leave annular space between basket outer wall and the circular cylindrical shell inwall; Radially basket middle part is provided with top closure and tube wall is distributed with the central tube of some breeder tubes, and this central tube lower end is the conversion gas outlet that is positioned at below, circular cylindrical shell bottom; The central tube periphery is provided with a plurality of inverted U type pipes, and two ports of described U type pipe are located on radially the outer ring pipe and the connection of interior ring pipe of basket bottom respectively, and the steam inlet that interior ring pipe is taken over the circular cylindrical shell bottom through interior ring admission is communicated with; The outer ring pipe goes out vapour through outer shroud to be taken over circular cylindrical shell lower end end socket and communicates with the gap between the basket bottom bulkhead radially, and unreacting gas (CO coal gas) import of circular cylindrical shell bottom also communicates with described gap, and this gap is the connection cavity with described annular space; Radially also be provided with many foundation end sealing in the basket and the heat exchanger tube that suspends that top ports is connected with lower perforated plate, tube chamber has the tube chamber of this heat exchanger tube of liquid to be communicated with described steam chest through the pipe top ports; The top of short tube connects with described upper perforated plate and is communicated with hydroecium, and insert in the corresponding heat exchanger tube that suspends the lower end of this short tube; The steam (vapor) outlet of steam chest communicates with the steam inlet of the drum of circular cylindrical shell top, and the delivery port of drum bottom communicates with described hydroecium, and the steam outlet of drum is with the described steam inlet connection of circular cylindrical shell bottom; Radially in the basket catalyst is housed.
Below the present invention made further specify.
Referring to Fig. 4, isothermal low-temperature CO shift reactor of the present invention has upper/lower terminal to be the vertically-arranged circular cylindrical shell 38 of end socket, its design feature is, upper perforated plate 32 and lower perforated plate 33 are equipped with in described circular cylindrical shell 38 inner chamber tops, cavity between upper perforated plate 32 and the circular cylindrical shell 38 upper end end sockets is a hydroecium 314, and the cavity between upper perforated plate 32 and the lower perforated plate 33 is a steam chest 315; Be distributed with the radially basket 37 of some breeder tubes bottom being equipped with in the circular cylindrical shell 38 for the end socket sidewall, this radially connects with described lower perforated plate 33 on basket 37 tops; Radially leave annular space 316 between basket 37 outer walls and the circular cylindrical shell inwall; Radially basket 37 middle parts are provided with top closure and tube wall is distributed with the central tube 35 of some breeder tubes, and these central tube 35 lower ends are the conversion gas outlet 317 that is positioned at below, circular cylindrical shell 38 bottoms; Central tube 35 peripheries are provided with a plurality of inverted U type pipes 36, two ports of described U type pipe 36 are located on radially the outer ring pipe 310 and 311 connections of interior ring pipe of basket 37 bottoms respectively, and interior ring pipe 311 is taken over 313 steam inlets 318 with circular cylindrical shell 38 bottoms through interior ring admission and is communicated with; Outer ring pipe 310 goes out vapour through outer shroud and takes over 312 and communicate with the gap 319 between basket 37 bottom bulkheads radially with circular cylindrical shell 38 lower end end sockets, the unreacting gas of circular cylindrical shell 38 bottoms (CO coal gas) import 320 also communicates with described gap 319, and this gap 319 is the connection cavity with described annular space 316; Radially basket also is provided with the sealing of many foundation end in 37 and the heat exchanger tube 39 that suspends that top ports is connected with lower perforated plate 33, and tube chamber has the tube chamber of this heat exchanger tube 39 of liquid to be communicated with described steam chest 315 through the pipe top ports; The top of short tube 34 connects and is communicated with hydroecium 314 with described upper perforated plate 32, and insert in the corresponding heat exchanger tube 39 that suspends the lower end of this short tube 34; The steam (vapor) outlet of steam chest 315 communicates with the steam inlet of the drum 31 of circular cylindrical shell 38 tops, and the delivery port of drum 31 bottoms communicates with described hydroecium 314, and the steam outlet of drum 31 is with described steam inlet 318 connections of circular cylindrical shell 38 bottoms; Radially in the basket 37 catalyst is housed.
Referring to Fig. 1, know-why of the present invention and running are that owing to be densely covered with many heat exchanger tubes 39 that suspend in the circular cylindrical shell 38, catalyst is equipped with in the outside of these pipes, is liquid in the pipe; When having transformationreation to take place outside the pipe, emit heat, heat is become steam by tube wall by the phase transformation vaporization of liquid in pipe absorption back and draws steam pressure constant in the control valve, be that water boiling vapourizing temperature is constant, the outer catalyst reaction temperatures of pipe also can keep a little more than water boiling temperature in the pipe relatively; During operation, control the interior pressure for vaporization of heat exchanger tube 39 pipes that suspends and be higher than the outer reaction pressure of this pipe, infiltrate in the steam to prevent coal gas; Self-produced steam can be mended in the reaction gas simultaneously.For example, reaction pressure is 19.46Mpa, then steam pressure control 3 in the pipe.0MPa, vapourizing temperature should be 223 ℃ mutually, and reaction temperature is kept about 235 ℃～245 ℃, keeps 10 ℃～20 ℃ heat transfer temperature differences.If the outer reaction pressure of pipe is 3.0MPa, then steam pressure is controlled to be 4.56MPa in the pipe, and vapourizing temperature is 250 ℃, and reaction temperature is 260 ℃～270 ℃.
And in the reactor of the present invention, reaction gas is radially by the catalytic bed of basket in 37 radially, is preheating to uniform temperature before this; Unreacting gas (CO coal gas) enters described gap 319 from the unreacting gas import 320 of circular cylindrical shell 38 bottom threeways, again along circular cylindrical shell 38 and radially the annular space 316 of basket between 37 from bottom to top flow, breeder tube through radially basket 37 sidewalls distribution leads to radially basket 37 interior catalytic beds reactions, reaction is emitted heat and is absorbed by gas-vapor mix in the densely covered heat exchanger tube 39 that suspends, steam turns to steam, vapourizing temperature remains unchanged in the heat exchanger tube 39 because suspend, outside whole catalytic bed and reaction gas temperature ratio vapourization temperature be high 10 ℃～and 15 ℃, remain unchanged.
Moreover, be provided with in the catalytic bed of the present invention by the inversion U-shaped pipe 36 of some and restrain as superheated steam, the saturated vapor that comes from drum 31 is taken over (can be provided with two) 313 through the steam inlet 318 and the interior ring admission of circular cylindrical shell 38 bottom threeways successively) enter in ring pipe 311, from bottom to top be folded to the back from top to bottom by these inversion U-shaped pipe 36 outer side edges pipes by being inverted U-shaped pipe 36 inner side edge Guan Zaijing tops, overheated by the outer thermal response gas of this pipe, become superheated steam and enter outer ring pipe 310, going out vapour from (two) outer shrouds of outer ring pipe 310 bottoms again takes over 312 and causes gap 319, mix with the unreacting gas that enters (CO coal gas) at this, pass through radially basket 37 with unreacting gas, enter catalytic bed, carry out transformationreation; The conversion gas that generates advances as in this pipe through the breeder tube of central tube sidewall, sends from the conversion gas outlet 317 of this pipe lower end, can be further as product hydrogen sources such as synthetic ammonia, methyl alcohol, acetic acid.
Be provided with hydroecium 314 and steam chest 315, drum 31 in the reactor of the present invention, water gets off to enter in the space hydroecium 314 of reactor end socket and upper perforated plate formation from drum 31, flows in the heat exchanger tube 39 that suspends through short tube 34 again.Be steam water interface in the heat exchanger tube 39, heated by the outer reaction of this pipe hot gas, steam turns to the steam rising through steam chest 315 in the pipe, rise to drum 31, steam forms Natural Circulation, the Crossed Circle pipe of saturated steam introducing reactor center and inversion U-shaped pipe 36 are interior by overheated in the drum 31, join in the unreacting gas and mix with it.
Reactor of the present invention will answer heat to remove with the phase transformation of liquid in a large number, and keeping temperature-resistant. the heat of vaporization of water is very big, per 1000 gram water reach 400Kcal～430Kcal, temperature constant during vaporization, therefore the CO conversion is emitted heat and can both be sponged by the vaporization of water in the heat exchanger tube 39, and holding temperature is constant.
Transformationreation is a reversible exothermic reaction, and temperature is hanged down and helped generating H
2And CO
2The Direction of Reaction, so reaction temperature should choose the low side temperature that catalyst allows, the pressure for vaporization of control water, for example reaction pressure is 19.46Mpa, then steam pressure control 3 in the pipe.0MPa, vapourizing temperature should be 223 ℃ mutually, and reaction temperature is kept about 235 ℃～245 ℃,, instead no matter how many CO reacts, as long as in the pipe water is arranged, temperature just can not change, and catalyst can overtemperature yet.
Feature of the present invention is when CO is higher in the coal gas (as CO more than 50%), suitably increases heat exchanger tube 39 quantity during design; When CO is low in requiring conversion gas, only need the steam pressure control is low, be constant at lower reaction temperature.
As known from the above, the present invention is a kind of isothermal low-temperature CO shift reactor, and its advantage has:
(1) processing ease as long as valve of control is promptly controlled steam pressure, just controlled whole reflection temperature, and existing transformation system has many shortcuts to regulate temperature, and operation easier is big;
(2) can require liquid to steam ratio low in low temperature (about 250 ℃) isothermal reaction, it be few to add steam, and catalyst is in temperature states such as low temperature, is difficult for efflorescence, aging;
(3) reaction heat has been become superheated steam, and, reduced outer for steam for id reaction usefulness;
(4) temperature because of reaction is low, helping reaction moves to the product direction, therefore reaction needed gas to steam ratio (steam gas) can reduce, and self-produced steam is mended into native system, adds steam and reduces more than 50%. CO% height (50%～70%) person in aforementioned three typical existing procedures, and steam-to-gas ratio is up to 1.3, CO% low (about 30%) person, it is many that steam-to-gas ratio also needs 0.5. to add superfluous steam, and promptly superfluous steam is many, and follow-up steam condensation process equipment is many.The present invention has reduced steam consumption, also is reduced to make steam condensation cooling-water consumption.
(5) adopt radially catalytic bed, air resistance little (being 0.01MPa);
(6) applicable to the transformationreation of various coal gas of different CO content and different product.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that existing high concentration CO is produced the synthetic-ammonia transformation system flow chart;
Fig. 2 is that existing high concentration CO is produced methyl alcohol transformation system flow chart;
Fig. 3 is existing semiwater gas shift process figure;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of an embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings:
1-becomes stove in advance, 2-first change furnace, and 3-methane gasification preheater,
The 4-steam superheater, the useless pot of 5-#1, the broken cold humidifier of 6-,
7-second change furnace, the useless pot of 8-#2,9-the 3rd change furnace,
The useless pot of 10-#3,11-master's heat is handed over, 12-first change furnace,
The broken cold filter of 13#1,14-second change furnace, the broken cold filter of 15-#2,
16-the 3rd change furnace, 17-gas preheating device, 18-feedwater preheater
The 19-demineralized-water preheater, the 110-separator, 111-conversion air water cooler,
The 112-separator, the 21-soft water heater, the 22-water-cooled,
23-heat is handed over, the 24-separator, and the intersegmental heat of 25-is handed over,
26-becomes stove in advance, 27-cold shock humidifier, and three sections change furnaces of 28-,
The 31-drum, the 32-upper perforated plate, the 33-lower perforated plate,
The 34-short tube, the 35-central tube, 36-is inverted the U-shaped pipe,
37-is basket radially, the 38-circular cylindrical shell, and the 39-heat exchanger tube,
Ring pipe in the 310-outer ring pipe, 311-, 312-outer shroud go out vapour to be taken over,
The ring admission is taken in the 313-, the 314-hydroecium, and the 315-steam chest,
The 316-annular space, the outlet of 317-conversion gas, the 318-steam inlet,
The 319-gap, the import of 320-unreacting gas.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 4, described isothermal low-temperature CO shift reactor has upper/lower terminal to be the vertically-arranged circular cylindrical shell 38 of end socket, upper perforated plate 32 and lower perforated plate 33 are equipped with in these circular cylindrical shell 38 inner chamber tops, cavity between upper perforated plate 32 and the circular cylindrical shell 38 upper end end sockets is a hydroecium 314, and the cavity between upper perforated plate 32 and the lower perforated plate 33 is a steam chest 315; Be distributed with the radially basket 37 of some breeder tubes bottom being equipped with in the circular cylindrical shell 38 for the end socket sidewall, this radially connects with described lower perforated plate 33 on basket 37 tops; Radially leave annular space 316 between basket 37 outer walls and the circular cylindrical shell inwall; Radially basket 37 middle parts are provided with top closure and tube wall is distributed with the central tube 35 of some breeder tubes, and these central tube 35 lower ends are the conversion gas outlet 317 that is positioned at below, circular cylindrical shell 38 bottoms; Central tube 35 peripheries are provided with a plurality of inverted U type pipes 36, two ports of described U type pipe 36 are located on radially the outer ring pipe 310 and 311 connections of interior ring pipe of basket 37 bottoms respectively, and interior ring pipe 311 is taken over 313 steam inlets 318 with circular cylindrical shell 38 bottoms through interior ring admission and is communicated with; Outer ring pipe 310 goes out vapour through outer shroud and takes over 312 and communicate with the gap 319 between basket 37 bottom bulkheads radially with circular cylindrical shell 38 lower end end sockets, the unreacting gas import 320 of circular cylindrical shell 38 bottoms also communicates with described gap 319, and this gap 319 is the connection cavity with described annular space 316; Radially basket also is provided with the sealing of many foundation end in 37 and the heat exchanger tube 39 that suspends that top ports is connected with lower perforated plate 33, and tube chamber has the tube chamber of this heat exchanger tube 39 of liquid to be communicated with described steam chest 315 through the pipe top ports; The top of short tube 34 connects and is communicated with hydroecium 314 with described upper perforated plate 32, and insert in the corresponding heat exchanger tube 39 that suspends the lower end of this short tube 34; The steam (vapor) outlet of steam chest 315 communicates with the steam inlet of the drum 31 of circular cylindrical shell 38 tops, and the delivery port of drum 31 bottoms communicates with described hydroecium 314, and the steam outlet of drum 31 is with described steam inlet 318 connections of circular cylindrical shell 38 bottoms; Radially in the basket 37 catalyst is housed.
The ring admission is taken over 313 and is provided with two in described; Outer ring pipe 310 also is provided with two.
Gas in described isothermal low-temperature CO shift reactor flow process is: the unreacting gas import of preheating enters radially bottom the annular space between basket (37) and the circular cylindrical shell (38), mix with superheated steam, rise along annular space, by radially the basket 37 apertures, evenly radially enter the catalytic bed reaction, gas centralization, reaction back pipe 35 is from top to down outside the outflow reactor;
Steam in described isothermal low-temperature CO shift reactor flow process is: feedwater adds drum 31, after water mixes in the drum, enter hydroecium 314 in the isothermal low-temperature CO shift reactor by down-comer, evenly flow into many heat exchanger tubes 39, be heated as steam water interface by the outer reaction of this pipe hot gas, rise to steam chest 315, rise to drum 31 by the outside tedge of reactor again, saturated vapor is drawn out to reactor bottom by drum 31, enter into interior ring pipe 311 from steam (vapor) outlet 318, enter into again and be inverted U-shaped pipe 36, earlier from bottom to top, be folded to, from top to bottom, entered the radially annular space bottom of (being between inner core and the urceolus) between the basket (37) and circular cylindrical shell (38) after the 36 outer reaction hot gas heating (overheated) of this inversion U-shaped pipe, mixed, enter catalytic bed thereupon and react with unreacting gas.
Claims (3)
1. isothermal low-temperature CO shift reactor, there is upper/lower terminal to be the vertically-arranged circular cylindrical shell (38) of end socket, it is characterized in that, upper perforated plate (32) and lower perforated plate (33) are equipped with in this circular cylindrical shell (38) inner chamber top, cavity between upper perforated plate (32) and circular cylindrical shell (38) the upper end end socket is hydroecium (314), and the cavity between upper perforated plate (32) and the lower perforated plate (33) is steam chest (315); Be distributed with the radially basket (37) of some breeder tubes bottom being equipped with in the circular cylindrical shell (38) for the end socket sidewall, this radially connects with described lower perforated plate (33) on basket (a 37) top; Radially leave annular space (316) between basket (37) outer wall and the circular cylindrical shell inwall; Radially basket (37) middle part is provided with top closure and tube wall is distributed with the central tube (35) of some breeder tubes, and this central tube (35) lower end exports (317) for the conversion gas that is positioned at below, circular cylindrical shell (38) bottom; Central tube (35) periphery is provided with a plurality of inverted U type pipes (36), two ports of described U type pipe (36) are located on radially the outer ring pipe (310) and interior ring pipe (311) connection of basket (37) bottom respectively, and the steam inlet (318) that interior ring pipe (311) is taken over (313) same circular cylindrical shell (38) bottom through interior ring admission is communicated with; Outer ring pipe (310) goes out vapour through outer shroud and takes over (312) same circular cylindrical shell (38) lower end end socket and communicate with the gap (319) between basket (37) bottom bulkhead radially, the unreacting gas import (320) of circular cylindrical shell (38) bottom also communicates with described gap (319), and this gap (319) are the connection cavity with described annular space (316); Radially basket also is provided with the sealing of many foundation end in (37) and the heat exchanger tube that suspends (39) that the same lower perforated plate of top ports (33) is connected, and tube chamber has the tube chamber of this heat exchanger tube (39) of liquid to be communicated with described steam chest (315) through the pipe top ports; The top of short tube (34) connects with described upper perforated plate (32) and same hydroecium (314) is communicated with, and insert in the corresponding heat exchanger tube (39) lower end of this short tube (34); The steam inlet of the drum (31) of the same circular cylindrical shell of steam (vapor) outlet (38) top of steam chest (315) communicates, the delivery port of drum (31) bottom communicates with described hydroecium (314), and the described steam inlet (318) of the same circular cylindrical shell of steam outlet (38) of drum (31) bottom is communicated with; Radially in the basket (37) catalyst is housed.
2. according to the described isothermal low-temperature CO shift reactor of claim 1, it is characterized in that (313) are taken in the admission of described interior ring and outer ring pipe (310) respectively is provided with two.
3. according to the described isothermal low-temperature CO shift reactor of claim 1, it is characterized in that, gas in described isothermal low-temperature CO shift reactor flow process is: the unreacting gas import of preheating enters radially bottom the annular space between basket (37) and the circular cylindrical shell (38), mix with superheated steam, rise along annular space,, evenly radially enter the catalytic bed reaction by basket (37) aperture radially, gas centralization, reaction back pipe 35 is from top to down outside the outflow reactor;
Steam in described isothermal low-temperature CO shift reactor flow process is: feedwater adds drum (31), after water mixes in the drum, enter hydroecium in the isothermal low-temperature CO shift reactor (314) by down-comer, evenly flow into many heat exchanger tubes (39), be heated as steam water interface by the outer reaction of this pipe hot gas, rise to steam chest (315), rise to drum (31) by the outside tedge of reactor again, saturated vapor is drawn out to reactor bottom by drum (31), enter into interior ring pipe (311) from steam inlet (318), enter into again and be inverted U-shaped pipe (36), earlier from bottom to top, be folded to, from top to bottom, entered the radially annular space bottom between the basket (37) and circular cylindrical shell (38) after the heating of the outer reaction of this inversion U-shaped pipe (36) hot gas, mixed, enter catalytic bed thereupon and react with unreacting gas.
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