CN214115065U - Light filter material upflow biological filter - Google Patents
Light filter material upflow biological filter Download PDFInfo
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- CN214115065U CN214115065U CN202022899937.0U CN202022899937U CN214115065U CN 214115065 U CN214115065 U CN 214115065U CN 202022899937 U CN202022899937 U CN 202022899937U CN 214115065 U CN214115065 U CN 214115065U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a light filter material upflow biological filter, which comprises a plurality of cylindrical biological filter monomers, wherein each biological filter monomer is provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, the middle part of each biological filter monomer is provided with a baffle, and the upper part of the baffle is provided with a filter material layer and an anti-buoyancy plate; the water inlet pipe below the baffle is connected with an annular water distributor, and the upper part of the annular water distributor is connected with two symmetrical jet pipes which are inclined upwards; a sludge hopper is arranged below the annular water distributor; the bottom of the sludge hopper is provided with a sludge discharge pipe which is connected with a sludge pump. The light filter material upflow biological filter is easy to clean when being blocked, and can keep a better running state. The energy consumption in the back washing stage is extremely low, and a supporting layer, an air-water back washing device and a sludge backflow system are not needed, so that the construction and operation cost is greatly reduced. Is suitable for the secondary treatment of sewage in sewage treatment plants.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment device, especially, relate to a light filter material upflow biological filter.
Background
With the high importance of the country on the ecology, various water quality indexes are improved, the treatment is far from sufficient only by the traditional activated sludge process, and the problems of odor pollution and the like in the urban living environment are considered. Generally, a biofilm method which has long food chain, low sludge yield and strong adaptability to water quality and water quantity change is mostly used.
At present, after a period of operation of a common biological filter, part of gaps among filter materials are blocked due to falling of biological membranes and fine suspended particles, so that the hydraulic load of the filter is increased, the water yield is reduced, and even the water quality is deteriorated. Therefore, in order to ensure normal operation, the dirt trapped in the filter layer is cleaned in a mode of periodically backflushing with air and water. The method is an efficient operation, maintenance and cleaning mode which is most commonly used in the biological filter at present.
The filter material supporting layer of the biological filter is divided into three layers according to the grain composition, and the problems of filter material disorder, accumulation and extrusion out of the filter can occur when the hydraulic strength is not controlled well during back flushing, incomplete cleaning can also occur after long time, and the like; the friction probability between the filter materials and the expansion rate of the filter layer are both related to the filter materials during backwashing, so that proper expansion of the filter layer is controlled to ensure good backwashing effect; the filter material has the advantages of biological degradation resistance and high acid resistance, and can prevent the phenomena of quality change, compaction and hardening after contacting with acid odor gas. Therefore, the selection of the filter material is very important, the filter material is of the following types at present, the granular filler is easy to be attached by organisms, has strong dirt interception capability and large resistance, and is easy to be blocked; the irregular granular structure is simple, the price is low, but the fluid distribution is uneven; the specific surface area of the activated carbon particles is large, but the utilization rate is not high; plastic fibers are not easy to form films and block; the spherical light ceramsite has the advantages of large strength, large porosity, large specific surface area, good chemical stability, strong biological adhesiveness and the like which are not possessed by a plurality of traditional fillers.
Disclosure of Invention
To the above-mentioned filtering pond hydraulic load that leads to by the filter material jam is high, goes out the technical problem of water quality difference and back flush in-process well high energy consumption, the utility model aims to provide a light filter material upflow biological filter, this light filter material upflow biological filter adopts the mode of control intaking and play water for the filter material produces the displacement, in order to realize the back flush in filtering pond.
In order to realize the task, the utility model discloses a following technical solution:
a light filter material upflow biological filter comprises a plurality of cylindrical biological filter monomers, wherein each biological filter monomer is provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe; the water inlet pipe below the baffle is connected with an annular water distributor, and the upper part of the annular water distributor is connected with two symmetrical jet pipes which are inclined upwards; a sludge hopper is arranged below the annular water distributor; the bottom of the sludge hopper is provided with a sludge discharge pipe which is connected with a sludge pump.
The utility model discloses an other characteristics are:
the filtering material in the filtering material layer is 0.6g/cm3The particle size of the spherical light ceramsite is 40 mm.
The space between the sludge discharge pipe of the biological filter monomer and the baffle forms a rectifying layer, and the jet pipes are positioned on two sides of the rectifying layer.
And a water outlet valve is arranged on the water outlet pipe.
The anti-buoyancy plate floats along with the filter material layer.
The upper part and the lower part of the filter material layer form an aerobic zone and an anaerobic zone.
The baffle is provided with a hole with the diameter less than 40mm and is used for blocking the spherical light ceramsite in the filter material layer.
The jet pipe and the plane of the annular water distributor are arranged at an angle of 60 degrees.
The anti-buoyancy plate is made of light hydrophobic materials, and holes with the diameter smaller than 40mm are formed in the anti-buoyancy plate.
The utility model discloses an upflow formula light filter material biological filter compares with traditional biological filter, and the beneficial effect who brings lies in:
1. the biological filter monomer adopts an up-flow type, water is fed from a water inlet pipe at the lower part of the biological filter monomer, water is uniformly distributed by an annular water distributor, and then water is discharged from a water outlet pipe; and the valve of the water outlet pipe is opened in a normal state. When the filter material layer is blocked after being used for a period of time, the water level is raised to enable the filter material layer to displace upwards and enable the filter material layer to rotate due to water flow disturbance caused by obliquely upward water distribution of the annular water distributor so as to realize the backwashing process;
2. when the backwashing process occurs, the water inlet of a part of the first-stage biological filter monomer is closed, the water inlet flow is increased, and a water outlet pipe valve of the filter monomer is closed; and after the back washing is finished, opening a valve of the water outlet pipe.
3. The filter material layer is easier to clean when being blocked, so that the filter material layer can keep a better running state, the energy consumption in the back washing stage is extremely low, a supporting layer, an air-water back washing device and a sludge backflow system are not needed, the construction and running cost is greatly reduced, and the filter material layer can be used for secondary treatment of sewage of a sewage treatment plant.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the light filtering material upflow biological filter of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a plan view of the annular water distributor.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a filter unit.
The symbols in the figures represent: 1. the device comprises an anti-buoyancy plate, 2, a filter material layer, 3, a baffle, 4, a jet pipe, 5, a water inlet valve, 6, a water inlet pipe, 7, an annular water distributor, 8, a sludge hopper, 9, a sludge discharge pipe, 10, a water outlet pipe, 11, a water outlet valve, 12 and a sludge pump.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the embodiment provides a light-weight filter material upflow biological filter, referring to GB/T37528-3D). The hydraulic retention time is 30 min.
The light filter material upflow biological filter comprises a plurality of cylindrical biological filter monomers, wherein each biological filter monomer is provided with a water inlet pipe 6 and a water outlet pipe 10, the water outlet pipe 10 is provided with a water outlet valve 11, the middle part of each biological filter monomer is provided with a baffle 3, and the upper part of the baffle 3 is provided with a filter material layer 2 and an anti-buoyancy plate 1; the water inlet pipe 6 below the baffle 3 is connected with an annular water distributor 7, and the upper part of the annular water distributor 7 is connected with two symmetrical jet pipes 4 which are upward slantwise; a sludge hopper 8 is arranged below the annular water distributor 7; the bottom of the sludge hopper 8 is provided with a sludge discharge pipe 9, and the sludge discharge pipe 9 is connected with a sludge pump 12.
In the embodiment, a plurality of biological filter single bodies are distributed to each biological filter single body by water distribution pipes, and valves are arranged on each section of water distribution pipe. So as to control the water inflow of the biological filter monomer by the switch valve under the condition that the total water inflow is not changed. Each group is formed by connecting two biological filter monomers in series, the biological filter monomer close to the incoming water direction is called a first-stage filter monomer, the biological filter monomer is called a second-stage filter monomer connected in series with the first-stage filter monomer, and the first-stage filter monomer and the second-stage filter monomer are completely the same in design. The groups are connected in parallel.
The filter material in the filter material layer 2 is selected to be 0.6g/cm3The particle size of the spherical light ceramsite is 40 mm. According to the different quality and quantity of the inlet water, the designed thickness of the filter layer is different, and the following calculation formula is given:
in the formula: s0-filter inlet water pollutant concentration, mg/L;
Se-effluent contaminant concentration, mg/L;
k' -coefficient, which is related to the quality and filtration rate of the inlet water;
m-coefficient related to the quality of the inlet water;
n is coefficient related to the characteristics and filtration rate of the biological filter;
q-inflow, m3/d；
A-area of filter bed, m3；
The embodiment adopts the thicker filter material layer 2, provides a proper growing environment for different types of microorganisms, and naturally forms an aerobic zone and an anaerobic zone at the lower part of the upper part of the filter material layer 2. The proper grain size of the spherical light ceramsite ensures the porosity of the filter material layer 2, and provides sufficient space for the attachment and growth of the biological membrane.
The space between the sludge discharge pipe 9 of the filter pool monomer and the baffle 3 forms a rectifying layer, and the jet pipe 4 is positioned on two sides of the rectifying layer.
The anti-buoyancy plate 1 is pressed on the upper portion of the filter material layer 2 and floats along with the filter material layer 2, the anti-buoyancy plate 1 is made of light hydrophobic materials, small holes with the hole diameter smaller than 40mm are formed in the anti-buoyancy plate 1, the filter material layer 2 is compacted, the spherical light ceramsite in the filter material layer 2 is prevented from overflowing along with water flow while the draught water level of the filter material layer 2 is guaranteed, and the baffle 3 is fixed at the position 10cm below the filter material layer. The baffle 3 is provided with a hole with the diameter less than 40mm and is used for preventing the spherical light ceramsite in the filter material layer 2 from downwards moving under the suction action of the sludge pump 12.
The jet pipe 4 and the plane of the annular water distributor 7 are arranged at an angle of 60 degrees. The inlet water flows out from the jet pipe 4 and enters the biological filter monomer.
The working process of the up-flow light filter material biological filter of the embodiment is as follows:
when the biological filter tank works normally, a plurality of biological filter tank monomers simultaneously feed water, the water inlet flow is small, and the annular water distributor 7 distributes water slowly. When the filter material layer 2 is blocked, the water inlet valve 5 of a part of the first-stage biofilter monomer is closed, and the water inlet is stopped, so that the water inlet amount of the rest biofilter monomer is increased. At the moment, the flow velocity of the water discharged from the annular water distributor 7 is increased, so that hydraulic disturbance is caused, vortex-shaped water flow is formed, and the spherical light ceramsite in the filter material layer 2 is driven to rotate. And the rising of the water level can make the spherical light ceramsite generate upward displacement. The two displacements cause friction and collision between the spherical light ceramsite and the filter material layer 2 and the biological filter monomer, so that a biological film and a solid suspended substance attached to the spherical light ceramsite fall off.
Referring to fig. 3, in normal operation, sewage enters from the water inlet pipe 6 at the lower position in the middle of the biological filter unit and exits from the upper part of the biological filter unit. Such a flow direction enhances the effect of the filter bed 2 on the treatment of sewage. The water flows into the biological filter monomer through the jet pipe 4 on the annular water distributor 7, and the uniform water distribution in the biological filter monomer is ensured. Then the sewage flows upwards to the rectifying layer, and the flowing state of the water in the rectifying layer is changed into uniform laminar flow from turbulent flow. The water continues to flow to the filter material layer 2, the lower part of the filter material layer 2 is an anaerobic zone, and denitrification and phosphorus release in sewage treatment are completed in the anaerobic zone. The upper part of the filter material layer 2 is an aerobic area, organic matters in water are oxidized and decomposed, ammonia nitrogen is nitrified, and phosphorus bacteria absorb phosphorus in the water. In the running process of the biological filter monomer, in order to ensure the removal of nitrogen in the denitrification stage, a solid-phase carbon source is additionally added from the top of the biological filter monomer to promote the denitrification process.
The filtered water flows out from the water outlet pipe 10 and flows into the next stage biological filter monomer connected in series with the water outlet pipe. The function of the next stage of biological filter monomer is equal to that of the secondary sedimentation tank, and the effluent of the previous stage of biological filter monomer is further filtered.
The traditional biological filter is easy to block during operation, and can reach a penetrating state in a very short time, namely the interior of the whole filter material layer is completely blocked, water flows flow through the whole surface of the filter material layer, and the water conservancy load of the biological filter is increased to about 50% of the design. The light filtering material up-flow biological filter of the embodiment adopts novel spherical light ceramsite and a back washing process, so that the operation condition is greatly improved. The diffusion condition of the substrate in water is more excellent; because the flow of water is smoother, the mass transfer efficiency of oxygen is improved, the aerobic area is also enlarged, and the nitrification of microorganisms is more facilitated.
After a period of normal operation, the monomer of the biological filter is gradually blocked due to the interception function of the filter material layer 2 and the growth of the biological membrane. At the moment, the hydraulic load of the biological filter monomer is increased, and the quality of the effluent quality is reduced.
When the single biological filter is blocked, the water inlet of the single biological filter connected with the single biological filter in parallel is closed, so that the water inlet amount of the single biological filter blocked by the filter material is increased. And closing the water outlet valve 11 of the first-stage biological filter monomer, and matching with the increased water inflow to finish water damming. Along with the increase of the flow velocity of the water discharged by the annular water distributor 7, the effect of water flow disturbance is enhanced, and the filter material layer 2 gradually starts to rotate around the central axis of the tank body. According to the k-epsilon turbulence model, the turbulence degree of water flow is increased, the water level rises, the spherical light ceramsite floats upwards, and the contact collision probability among the spherical light ceramsite is increased. The speed difference exists among the floating spherical light ceramsite, the gaps among the spherical light ceramsite are increased, and the friction is generated between the filter material layer 2 and the anti-floating plate 1 and between the filter material layer 2 and the biological filter monomer, so that the biological membrane, the accumulated suspended matters and the spherical light ceramsite are separated, and the biological membrane and the accumulated suspended matters are freely settled in the sludge hopper 8 under the action of gravity.
The two actions together eliminate the blockage of the biofilter monomer. In the process, the inlet water is directly used as backwashing water, and backwashing is realized through the cooperative work of all the components, so that the high-energy-consumption gas-water backwashing in the traditional process is avoided, and the same effect is achieved.
After the back washing is finished, the water inlet valves 5 of other biological filter monomers are opened, the water outlet valve 11 of the water outlet pipe 10 is opened, the back washing water is discharged into the secondary biological filter monomer, and the water level is gradually restored to the height of the normal operation.
The hollow part of the sludge bucket 8 is a round table with a big top and a small bottom, the small angle between the bucket wall of the sludge bucket 8 and the horizontal plane is 30 degrees, and the sludge bucket 8 is connected with a sludge pump 12 through a sludge discharge pipe 9. Under the action of gravity, the falling biomembrane and solid suspended matter are gradually settled to the bottom of the sludge bucket 8 in the back washing process. After the upper limit of the sludge containing capacity of the sludge is reached, the sludge pump 12 is started to pump out the sludge.
The filter material layer 2 is connected with a water outlet pipe 10, and a water outlet valve 11 is arranged on the water outlet pipe 10. The joint of the water outlet pipe 10 and the filter material layer 2 is provided with a filter screen, and the aperture of the filter screen is smaller than the particle size of the spherical light ceramsite so as to prevent the spherical light ceramsite from flowing out along with the outlet water.
In design, the filter material layer 2 adopts the filter material with the grain diameter of 40mm and the density of 0.6g/cm3And the spherical light ceramsite with the uneven coefficient less than 2 is used as a filter material. The spherical light ceramsite has the advantages of high strength, high porosity, large specific surface area, good chemical stability, strong biological adhesiveness and difficult hardening of attachments. This density is chosen to achieve the following effect: firstly, after the density of the filter material is less than that of water and the filter material layer 2 is attached by pollutants, the filter material layer 2 can still float freely; secondly, the density of the filter material is not too low, so that the filter layer is compacted after the filter material is cleaned at the later stage, and the filter layer is restored to the original state. The particle size of 40mm ensures the porosity of the filter material layer 2 and provides sufficient space for attachment and growth of the biofilm.
Compared with the traditional filter tank, the light filter material upflow biological filter tank of the embodiment adopts a water level control low energy consumption backwashing mode and an upward flow water inlet mode, so that the biomass of the biofilm formation is larger, and the removal effect on phosphorus is more obvious. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional process, the process has the advantages that the purpose of inoculation is achieved without returning sludge, and the energy consumption and the construction cost are greatly saved. The spherical light ceramsite with the density can still float upwards after absorbing water, and the requirements of a design process are met.
Controlling the water level and the backwashing mode with low energy consumption: under the synergistic action of the water inlet pipe 6, the annular water distributor 7, the water outlet pipe 10 and the sludge discharge pipe 9, the filter material layer 2 floats upwards along with the water flow expansion, relative displacement occurs among spherical light ceramic grains in the filter material layer 2, and a biological membrane and a solid suspended matter which are mixed in the filter material layer 2 are free to settle under the combined action of generated friction force and gravity, so that the biological membrane and the solid suspended matter are flushed to a sludge area.
Upward flow water inlet mode: the suspended flocs are precipitated downwards under the action of gravity and are adhered to the surface of the spherical light ceramsite, the filter material layer 2 in the reverse filtration is equal to the thickness of the whole biological filter monomer, and the whole filter material layer 2 has a strong filtration effect. Compared with a downward flow filter tank, the upward flow filter tank has more obvious precipitation adsorption effect, and the pollutant carrying capacity can reach 500 percent of that of the downward flow filter tank.
The above embodiments are merely preferred examples, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all additions or simple replacements made on the basis of the technical solution provided by the present invention should belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A light filter material upflow biological filter comprises a plurality of cylindrical biological filter monomers, wherein each biological filter monomer is provided with a water inlet pipe (6) and a water outlet pipe (10), and is characterized in that the middle part of each biological filter monomer is provided with a baffle (3), and the upper part of the baffle (3) is provided with a filter material layer (2) and an anti-buoyancy plate (1); the water inlet pipe (6) below the baffle (3) is connected with an annular water distributor (7), and the upper part of the annular water distributor (7) is connected with two symmetrical jet pipes (4) which are inclined upwards; a sludge hopper (8) is arranged below the annular water distributor (7); the bottom of the sludge hopper (8) is provided with a sludge discharge pipe (9), and the sludge discharge pipe (9) is connected with a sludge pump (12).
2. A lightweight filter material upflow biofilter according to claim 1, wherein the filter material in the filter material layer (2) is 0.6g/cm3The particle size of the spherical light ceramsite is 40 mm.
3. A lightweight filter material upflow biofilter according to claim 1, wherein the space between the annular water distributor (7) and the baffle (3) forms a rectifying layer, and the jet pipes (4) are positioned at both sides of the rectifying layer.
4. A lightweight filter material upflow biofilter according to claim 1, wherein a water outlet valve (11) is mounted on the water outlet pipe (10).
5. A lightweight filter material upflow biofilter according to claim 1, wherein the anti-buoyancy plate (1) floats with the filter layer (2).
6. A lightweight filter material upflow biofilter according to claim 1, wherein the upper and lower portions of the filter material layer (2) form aerobic and anaerobic zones.
7. A lightweight filter upflow biofilter according to claim 1, characterized in that the baffle (3) has holes with a diameter less than 40mm for blocking spherical lightweight ceramsite in the filter material layer (2).
8. A lightweight filter material upflow biofilter according to claim 1, characterized in that the jet pipe (4) is arranged at an angle of 60 ° to the plane of the annular water distributor (7).
9. A lightweight filter material upflow biofilter according to claim 1, wherein the anti-buoyancy plate (1) is made of lightweight hydrophobic material, and the anti-buoyancy plate (1) has holes with a diameter of less than 40 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN202022899937.0U CN214115065U (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | Light filter material upflow biological filter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202022899937.0U CN214115065U (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | Light filter material upflow biological filter |
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| CN214115065U true CN214115065U (en) | 2021-09-03 |
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| CN202022899937.0U Active CN214115065U (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | Light filter material upflow biological filter |
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