CN102351304A - Novel biological aerated filter capable of solving backwashing problem - Google Patents

Novel biological aerated filter capable of solving backwashing problem Download PDF

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CN102351304A
CN102351304A CN2011102671473A CN201110267147A CN102351304A CN 102351304 A CN102351304 A CN 102351304A CN 2011102671473 A CN2011102671473 A CN 2011102671473A CN 201110267147 A CN201110267147 A CN 201110267147A CN 102351304 A CN102351304 A CN 102351304A
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water
district
filter
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baf
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陈�胜
钟晨宇
孙德智
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Beijing Forestry University
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Beijing Forestry University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of application of environmental protection technologies, and in particular relates to a novel biological aerated filter which is integrated with a settling tank and changes a filter operation mode by controlling suspension fillers and liquid levels so as to solve the problem of backwashing of a biological filter. In order to overcome the defects of frequent blocking and difficult overhauling of the biological aerated filter, the suspension fillers of which the density is slightly lower than that of water are used as filter media to design the internal structure of the filter, automatic equipment is used for controlling the variation of the liquid levels to ensure than a reactor is changed from the filter to a fluidized bed, and the fillers are changed from static fillers to flowing fillers which overturn along airflow and water flow, so that sludge among filler slits automatically falls; therefore, the novel biological aerated filter is provided in combination with an automatic control principle and a reactor structure optimization principle, so that the problems of difficulty in backwashing and overhauling of the filler are solved. Simultaneously, the aims of continuously injecting water, saving primary settling tanks, integrating two settling tanks and improving sewage treatment efficiency are fulfilled.

Description

A kind of novel BAF that solves the back flushing problem
Technical field
The invention belongs to the green technology Application Areas, change filter tank operational mode solution BAF back flushing problem thereby be specifically related to utilize floating stuffing and liquid level to control, the union settling tank is in the novel BAF of one.
Background technology
BAF is a kind of as the microbial film treatment process, integrates biomembranous strong oxidative degradation ability and filtering layer and holds back usefulness. and be a kind of regeneration effluent technology that is fit to extensive reuse, efficient, low consumption.The bioremediation of sewage; Promptly be to utilize the metabolism of microorganism that pollutants in sewage is degraded, the entire treatment process comprises the throwing out, microorganism of microorganism adsorption, microbiological oxidation Decomposition and the precipitating action to pollutent.Common bioremediation exists form to divide according to microorganism and mainly is divided into activated sludge process and biomembrance process; The major advantage of activated sludge process is that mass-transfer efficiency is high; Degradation rate is fast, and biomembrance process has characteristics such as biomass is big, treatment scale is big, and two kinds of methods all are used widely.BAF belongs to a kind of in the biomembrance process; Integrate bio-oxidation and physical filtering; Main characteristics concentrates on several aspects: the one, and the density of microorganism is big in the microbial film, microbial biomass is big, short nitrated microorganism growth generation time is enriched, helped to microorganism mutually; There are anaerobism, double oxygen and aerobic multiple environment simultaneously, can effectively remove various dissimilar pollutents.The 2nd, the microbial film density that comes off in the water outlet is big, and sludge settling property is good, is easy to mud-water separation.The 3rd, can assemble by moudle type, control degree is high automatically simultaneously, is suitable for the transformation of newly-built water factory and old water factory.Just therefore, just as one of emerging technology of sewage disposal, progressively replace traditional activated sludge process becomes one of main flow technology of newly-built municipal wastewater treatment plant and various other sewage works to BAF.
But along with the BAF prolongation of working time, because mechanical retention, contact and the biological flocculation and precipitation effect of filtrate constantly are trapped in the middle of the hole of filler suspension mineral colloid particle.Simultaneously, the gap between the filler of BAF is because microbial film is constantly grown and it can constantly diminish to the biomembranous crown_interception that comes off, and head loss is in continuous increase.The obstruction of filler can cause the minimizing of the water yield, produces channel, uses and reveals the water short circuit, has a strong impact on treatment effect.When the thickness of film surpasses this scope simultaneously. the transfer rate of oxygen reduces, and influences the breeding of microorganism, and this also will produce tremendous influence to treatment effect.Must carry out back flushing for maintenance bond BAF function this moment.Backwash process is that the filler that utilizes the pressure of water or gas that obstruction is hardened is washed open, utilize hydraulic shear with the aged microbial film be blocked in the interstitial material of filler and recoil away.The general back-flushing method that adopts the air water associating, in the flushing process, because mostly traditional filtrate is haydite, the inorganic materials that the gravel isodensity is big, the pressure-losses of back flushing is very big, has caused sizable energy consumption.Meanwhile, owing to will satisfy pressure head,, be easy to cause overdevelopment in the backwash process, cause microorganism to reduce, so generally also exist effluent quality decline phenomenon after the back flushing so the shearing force of water is very big.Therefore, as a drawback of BAF, frequent back flushing problem is restricting its development always.In addition, the maintenance difficulty of reactor also is one of major reason that influences the BAF application.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the shortcoming of BAF frequent jams and maintenance difficulty; Adopt floating stuffing as filtrate; Design a kind of novel BAF in conjunction with the Automatic Control Theory and the structure of reactor principle of optimality, solve the problem of filter back washing and maintenance difficulty.Meanwhile, realized that also the filter tank intakes, saves preliminary sedimentation tank, integrates second pond, improves the purpose of sewage treating efficiency continuously.
Main technical points of the present invention just is to adopt floating stuffing that density is slightly less than water as filtrate; Design filter tank internal structure; Utilize auto-plant control liquid level change to make the reactor form become fluidized-bed by the filter tank; The state of filler becomes the flow state of overturning with the air-flow current by static, thereby the mud between the filler slit is come off automatically.
The structure of BAF of the present invention is made up of bottom sludge settling district, distribute water and air district, filter bed district, fluidization regions, water port and auxiliary automatic control equipment etc.In this invention, the operation of upflowing water intake mode is adopted in the filter tank.Sewage is got into the water distribution zone in filter tank by water-in; Under the effect of aeration, realize the water quality uniform mixing; Macrobead thing automatic sedimentation such as sand grains is in the settling region bucket in the sewage; Sewage gets in the filter bed; In filter bed, be purified, directly discharge by upper end, filter tank water port through interception, biological degradation, filteration.
Solving the concrete principle of stopping up in the filter tank among the present invention is: after for some time is moved in the filter tank; Because holding back of particulate matter; Biomembranous growth and coming off; Cause in the filter tank flow velocity to slow down and channel occurs even short stream; Degradation phenomenon under the processing efficiency; Utilize automatic control device; Close scupper valve; Water inlet does not stop; Liquid level is raise gradually; Filtrate progressively becomes the state of fluffy evacuation under the stirring of aeration; When liquid level rises to a certain degree; Filler moves freely in reactor and overturns under the effect of current air-flow, and reactor is converted into the fluidized-bed form by the filter tank.The mud that stops up in the filler space entering water body that will come off, when stopping aeration, mud in the bucket of settling region, and reaches the effect that empties obstruction with free setting.This process directly uses sewage as backwashing water, need not to use the water after the processing, because this process is the process that a flushing and biological degradation are carried out simultaneously.Last mud is discharged from the bucket of reactor bottom settling region, and when liquid level dropped to water port automatically, the opening water discharge mouth recovered aeration simultaneously again.
Among the present invention BAF under the situation that does not increase aeration rate, realize filler fluidizing prerequisite be to use a kind of density slightly than water light be mixed with inorganic active ionic plastic filler.This filler has big, the porosity advantages of higher of specific surface area, is suitable for the apposition growth of microorganism.Be slightly less than water just because of density, when stopping aeration, be suspended in below the water surface, the bottom need not bearing device, and during air feed, filler is fluidisation very easily, in reactor, moves freely and evenly, need not to increase additional energy consumption, helps reducing running cost.
The present invention does not have the pre-treatment requirement to sewage, and front end does not need preliminary sedimentation tank.Front end in general BAF will be provided with preliminary sedimentation tank, and its effect is to reduce suspended particle (SS), prevents that filtrate from stopping up.Among the present invention, because the floating stuffing porosity is big, the ability of the anti-obstruction of itself is strong, can carry out sedimentation in the settling region voluntarily simultaneously, in addition because backwash process is simple, so wide in range relatively to the requirement of SS.
Form a distribute water and air district among the present invention between filter bed and the settling region, between distribute water and air district and filter bed, have grid to separate.Distribution device is made up of two concentric endless tubes, evenly opens some solarization air caps on the endless tube.The water distribution pipe ring is put the inwall at reactor, and four water outlets evenly are set, and the gas distribution endless tube is the 10cm-20cm place above the water distribution endless tube.Water inlet forms even water quality under the effect of aeration.Mesh in the grid is slightly less than the filler diameter, can prevent that filler from getting into the sludge settling district when fluidisation, but can not be too little, allow settled mud to pass through.Bottom of the present invention is the negative area, mainly is made up of sludge bucket, is used for sludge settling and spoil disposal.The effect of suspended solids in the preliminary sedimentation tank sedimentation water inlet can be played in the negative area, the more important thing is that the mud that back flushing is come off plays the sedimentation collecting action, and through the shore pipe of bottom mud is discharged reactor.
The present invention can realize the continuous water inlet in filter tank.Directly use sewage lifting liquid level during the filler fluidisation, thereby can intake continuously, because a distribute water and air district is arranged, need not stop into water during spoil disposal simultaneously between negative area and filter bed.Can save the volume and the quantity in the pond of alternate run like this, increase processing efficiency.
Operation scheme of the present invention is flexible and changeable.Water intake mode also can be a downflow system, i.e. top water inlet, lower end water outlet; The operation scheme of reactor can be a BAF, also can be the biological fluidized bed form.
This BAF is applicable to city domestic sewage, community wastewater, country sewage and the trade effluent etc. that can adopt bioremediation.
The present invention collects first heavy, interception, biological degradation, filtration, the two heavy one that act in the sewage treatment process.Its major advantage is the sewage disposal performance that had both kept BAF good, has solved simultaneously to stop up frequently the problem that the back flushing difficulty is big, power consumption is high.Whole process flow is short, saved preliminary sedimentation tank, compact construction, floor space are little, and reaction unit is simple in structure, easy to maintenance, can control automatically, simple to operate.In addition, biofilm biomass is big on the filler, and processing efficiency is high, and capacity of resisting impact load is strong; The biomembranous volume that comes off is big, and the microbial film sludge yield is low, settling property good; Help long nitrated microorganism of time in enrichment epoch, and packing layer is vertical owing to have the dissolved oxygen gradient, the function of enhancing biological denitrificaion.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure iron of novel BAF.
Filter bed area ① ② ③ fluidized zone water distribution, gas distribution sludge settling zone area ④ ⑤ ⑥ barrier net aeration tube inlet ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ buckets mud tubes ⑩ reserved outfall
Figure BSA00000571347500051
drain
Figure BSA00000571347500052
fill fabric outlet
Figure BSA00000571347500054
water loop
Figure BSA00000571347500055
automatic control equipment
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 and application example.
Sewage gets into the distribute water and air district by the reactor bottom water inlet pipe behind grid; Under the effect of aeration, form even water quality; The part suspended solids is deposited in the bucket; Biological degradation, the physics of sewage in filter bed dams and effect such as filtration; Material such as ammonia nitrogen and COD is effectively handled, and finally water port is discharged from the filter bed district.After for some time is moved in the filter tank; When stopping up appears in the filter tank; Automatic control equipment starts cleaning procedure; Close filter bed district water port; Continue aeration and water inlet, make liquid level be increased to the fluidization regions water port gradually, the mud that stops up in the filler space is because of the filler fluidisation entering water body that comes off; Stop aeration (5-15 minute) in short-term, mud arrives free setting in the bucket of settling region.Treat sludge settling after for some time, open the mud discharging mouth of bottom, settling region, discharge mud, when liquid level drops to filter bed district water port, recover aeration again.
With the city domestic sewage is example, adopts the BAF among the present invention, and filter bed district packing volume accounts for the 70%-85% of filter tank cumulative volume, and the sludge settling district accounts for the 15%-30% of filter tank cumulative volume, about the big 10%-20% of fluidization regions volume ratio filter bed district's volume.When influent quality COD about 500mg/L; Ammonia nitrogen is about 30mg/L, and control hydraulic detention time HRT is 8h, and dissolved oxygen is about 2-3mg/l; Backwashing period is about 8-12 days; Backwashing time 10-15 minute, stop aeration 5-10 minute then, treat that microbial film that bulk comes off is settled down to bucket after; Again aeration; The beginning spoil disposal, water level drops to filter bed district water port, recovers normally operation.So repeatedly, through the processing in this filter tank, the COD clearance is more than 93%, and ammonia nitrogen removal frank is more than 98%, and water outlet reaches country-level A standard.In addition,, carry out regular spoil disposal, the whole filter tank aeration operation of still normally intaking during the spoil disposal according to the mud amount that produces because of the sludge settling district has the preliminary sedimentation tank effect concurrently.

Claims (10)

1. novel BAF that solves the back flushing problem.It is characterized in that adopting floating stuffing as filtrate, thereby utilizing liquid level to control to change the filter tank operational mode effectively solves the BAF blockage problem, and integrate the novel BAF of settling tank through optimized design of structure.
2. a kind of novel BAF that solves the back flushing problem according to claim 1; It is characterized in that when filter bed stops up; Through automatic control equipment the liquid level in filter tank is raised and to be made the reactor form become fluidized-bed by the filter tank, the fluidisation of filtrate makes aging microbial film and the material that other stop up fillers come off naturally.
3. a kind of novel BAF that solves the back flushing problem according to claim 1, the filtrate that it is characterized in that the filter tank is inorganic organic polymer compounded mix, and is cylindric; In support is arranged; Diameter is between 5mm-20mm, and density is slightly less than water, at 0.92~0.99g/cm 3Between, below the suspension surface, under air-flow and flow action, very easily form fluidized state when static; This filtrate specific surface area is big simultaneously, porosity is high, the microorganism affinity is good, hydraulic loss is little, though in packing ratio up to 100% o'clock to the hydraulic loss of reactor less than 10%.
4. a kind of novel BAF that solves the back flushing problem according to claim 1 is characterized in that backwash water is former water, need not to increase flow velocity and changes its flow direction, need not to increase aeration rate.Flushing and biological degradation are carried out simultaneously in the backwash process, thereby can realize continuous water inlet, have saved the volume and the quantity in the pond of alternate run, have reduced initial cost and have improved processing efficiency.
5. a kind of novel BAF that solves the back flushing problem according to claim 1 is characterized in that simple in structurely, and maintenance is convenient; In the bottom, filter tank the sludge settling district is set; Need not to be provided with separately preliminary sedimentation tank and second pond, can reduce floor space, save capital cost.
6. a kind of novel BAF that solves the back flushing problem according to claim 1 is applicable to city domestic sewage, community wastewater, country sewage and the trade effluent etc. that can adopt bioremediation.
7. a kind of novel BAF that solves the back flushing problem according to claim 1 is characterized in that the structure of reactor comprises sludge settling district, distribute water and air district, filter bed district, fluidization regions and auxiliary automatic control equipment.Wherein the sludge settling district accounts for the 15%-30% of filter tank cumulative volume; Filter bed district packing volume is 70%-85%; The big 10%-20% of fluidization regions volume ratio filter bed district's volume; There is grid to separate between filter bed district and the distribute water and air district; Mesh in the grid is slightly less than the filler diameter, can prevent that filler from getting into the sludge settling district when fluidisation.Auxiliary automatic control equipment is made up of liquid level sensor, valve and computer.
8. a kind of novel BAF that solves the back flushing problem according to claim 7; It is characterized in that the bottom, filter tank is provided with the sludge settling district; The sludge settling district accounts for the 15%-30% of cumulative volume; Microbial film and inorganic substance that the sludge settling district comes off in part SS and the fluid mapper process in can the former water of sedimentation; Integrate preliminary sedimentation tank and second pond, reduced initial cost.
9. a kind of novel BAF that solves the back flushing problem according to claim 7 is characterized in that water distribution manner is the endless tube water distribution in the distribute water and air district, four water-ins of uniform distribution on the pipe; Aerating apparatus is concentric endless tube, the some solarization air caps of uniform distribution.The gas distribution endless tube is the 10cm-20cm place above the water distribution endless tube.Can guarantee water inlet so evenly, reduce the influence of water inlet and aeration simultaneously sludge settling.
10. a kind of novel BAF that solves the back flushing problem according to claim 7 is characterized in that the filter bed district is formed by the closely knit filling of floating stuffing, the big 10%-20% of fluidization regions volume ratio filter bed district's volume.Just when carrying out back flushing, close filter bed district water port, the filter tank liquid level rises, about fast fluidized 10-15 minute.
CN2011102671473A 2011-09-09 2011-09-09 Novel biological aerated filter capable of solving backwashing problem Pending CN102351304A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106145325A (en) * 2015-04-27 2016-11-23 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 A kind of batch-type is moved through filter bed sewage water treatment method and device thereof
CN107540092A (en) * 2017-10-23 2018-01-05 北控水务(中国)投资有限公司 A kind of varying duty anti-clogging artificial wet land water quality cleaning system
CN108178306A (en) * 2018-02-28 2018-06-19 兴燊环境技术(深圳)有限公司 A kind of XS-CSFM intelligent and high-efficiencies bioreactor
CN109111058A (en) * 2018-10-21 2019-01-01 煤科集团杭州环保研究院有限公司 A kind of domestic sewage processing system and method
CN109775849A (en) * 2019-02-18 2019-05-21 中电环保股份有限公司 A kind of advanced nitrogen waste water treatment system and technique
CN110697881A (en) * 2019-11-14 2020-01-17 徐书敏 Tower biological filter of quick surface renewal
CN114031174A (en) * 2021-11-22 2022-02-11 广州市水之道生态环境修复有限公司 Solar energy circulation aeration suspension type biological filter
CN114656104A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-06-24 河北恒特环保工程有限公司 Energy-saving self-circulation A3O-MBBR sewage treatment device and method thereof
CN114716018A (en) * 2022-04-11 2022-07-08 安徽普氏生态环境工程有限公司 Integrated sewage treatment system and process
CN117566900A (en) * 2023-12-29 2024-02-20 中铁八局集团有限公司 Micro-oxygen aeration biochemical filter tank for wastewater treatment

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106145325A (en) * 2015-04-27 2016-11-23 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 A kind of batch-type is moved through filter bed sewage water treatment method and device thereof
CN107540092A (en) * 2017-10-23 2018-01-05 北控水务(中国)投资有限公司 A kind of varying duty anti-clogging artificial wet land water quality cleaning system
CN108178306A (en) * 2018-02-28 2018-06-19 兴燊环境技术(深圳)有限公司 A kind of XS-CSFM intelligent and high-efficiencies bioreactor
CN109111058A (en) * 2018-10-21 2019-01-01 煤科集团杭州环保研究院有限公司 A kind of domestic sewage processing system and method
CN109111058B (en) * 2018-10-21 2021-04-27 煤科集团杭州环保研究院有限公司 Domestic sewage treatment system and method
CN109775849A (en) * 2019-02-18 2019-05-21 中电环保股份有限公司 A kind of advanced nitrogen waste water treatment system and technique
CN110697881B (en) * 2019-11-14 2021-04-06 徐书敏 Tower biological filter of quick surface renewal
CN110697881A (en) * 2019-11-14 2020-01-17 徐书敏 Tower biological filter of quick surface renewal
CN114031174A (en) * 2021-11-22 2022-02-11 广州市水之道生态环境修复有限公司 Solar energy circulation aeration suspension type biological filter
CN114656104A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-06-24 河北恒特环保工程有限公司 Energy-saving self-circulation A3O-MBBR sewage treatment device and method thereof
CN114716018A (en) * 2022-04-11 2022-07-08 安徽普氏生态环境工程有限公司 Integrated sewage treatment system and process
CN114716018B (en) * 2022-04-11 2023-11-21 安徽普氏生态环境有限公司 Integrated sewage treatment system and process
CN117566900A (en) * 2023-12-29 2024-02-20 中铁八局集团有限公司 Micro-oxygen aeration biochemical filter tank for wastewater treatment

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Application publication date: 20120215