CN2141095Y - Numeral and reckoning combined abacus - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a novel numeral and reckoning combined abacus. The universal abacus existing in the prior is used by the numeral and reckoning combined abacus, a box body with digital code wheel structure is connected in the universal abacus, and the box body is provided with a positioning device. Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations can be carried out according to the usual reckoning operational form according to a demand positioning rule. Any complicated multiplication and division operations can be positioned to the demand position in one step. The operation efficiency can be improved. The numeral and reckoning combined abacus has the advantages of popular understandability, and simple structure.

Description

Numeral and reckoning combined abacus

The utility model relates to a kind of modified abacus that has the digital wheel structure.

Abacus is the traditional computational tool of China, and in vogue so far not waning has its superiority of not replacing, but the weak point in its computing application is also arranged.Because existing abacus only shows as a kind of single bead form, therefore, in actual operation, easily cause dislocation computing, repetition or omission.When carrying out the multiplication and division computing, lack the form of expression that contrasts number, location long-pending, the merchant is difficult.All kinds of works such as " rechoning by the abacus gists " of since modern all have the argumentation of mentioning according to two numerical digit numbers plus-minus advance and retreat shelves location, but still feel complicated difficult note during the meter position, run into that figure place is many, decimal is many, many numbers of " 0 " numerical digit at interval, the direction figure place of advance and retreat shelves is often cannot told, and causes the error location in the computing.The reason of searching to the bottom is exactly because lack an aid that can cooperate the computing location.

And design by principal Mr. Gu Mingqin of technical secondary school for employees of Qinghai Province pearl association, the patent No. is 86208154 " senior multi-functional Position abacus ", its feature is to establish the activity meter position mark of a move left and right at the entablature of abacus, establishes the positioning rule of a move left and right at the central sill of abacus.The corresponding figure place that shows by the activity orientation chi in signed magnitude arithmetic(al) is carried out plus and minus calculation.In the multiplication and division computing, according to the meter position and the given rule of cloth counting method of rechoning by the abacus location, cooperate activity orientation chi and movable meter position mark to carry out cloth number location, solved this actual application problem preferably.This is very significant to the signed magnitude arithmetic(al) locating effect, but also having weak point on multiplication and division computing location, mainly is to amass, decide through consultation that a process simplifies not enough, and multiplier or divisor need write with a pen and put in activity meter position, cumbersome with the back wiping, difficult wiping of a specified duration is clear.

Task of the present utility model provides the new computing tools that a kind of digital type and rechoning by the abacus type combine, to solve above-mentioned variety of problems.

Task of the present utility model is finished as follows: it is to utilize existing general abacus, inserts the box body of a band digital wheel structure, and box body is provided with locating device.Concrete design is as follows: remove the entablature of former abacus, but insert six face length square box with the isometric folding of entablature, be equipped with corresponding to each lever in the box and indicate digital digital wheel.Digital wheel is a hollow cylindrical, and its middle part diameter is greater than two ends, so that the part wheel face at middle part exposes and corresponding to the oblong aperture on the box body.One end of wheel is the odd plots of land that can be cultivated shape, all indicates number on the pairing part wheel face in the center on each limit, stirs wheel face with finger and peeks.The mounting means of wheel has two kinds: a kind of is to be inserted in a digital wheel on the extension rod of every capable lever, with stirring about finger, peeks; Another kind is to fix a cross bar on box body, and a digital wheel is inserted in corresponding each lever position, stirs with before and after the hand, peeks.Have a translot on the box body, but the locator card of the move left and right of packing into.Sill place at abacus is provided with the computing indicating device, and it is made up of thin plate and indicating card.Count the not gear of multiplication and division number of Buddhist monk in multiplication and division with indication.

Also be provided with the folding fastener on the box body, it is made up of inner box face, outer box face, active connection closing device etc.

According to above-mentioned design, carry out the computing location by given straightforward method during computing, just can reach a step location and put in place, fast the purpose of computing location.

Use and the computing localization method:

Before the columns computing, all digital wheels are taken off " 0 " position entirely, press addition subtraction multiplication and division computing respectively then, and its method is:

1. the computing of plus-minus method location has decimal to add and subtract, and reserves the decimal gear, and locator card is moved on to a position shelves, and again with the digital wheel on individual the shelves, according to the figure place class, right-to-left lists 1,2,3 by shelves ... 10.Represent on the pearl shelves hundred, " 5 " to represent myriabit with number last " 3 ", " 6 " represent 10 myriabits, and " 10 " represent 1,000,000,000 or the like.Like this, just can contrast the figure place plus-minus of the several representatives on each digital wheel during plus-minus, during as the plus-minus thousands digit, just from the gear plus-minus of " 4 " representative, when adding and subtracting hundred million, just from the initial plus-minus of gear of " 9 " representative.Try to achieve and or poor, just can be according to the figure place count off of representative on the digital wheel.

2. multiplication and division amasss and the localization method of discussing.No matter multiplication or division, two numbers that multiply each other or be divided by all are root with the units, each number is with the shelves contraposition, and locator card moves to a position, and multiplicand or dividend are listed on the bead, multiplier or divisor are listed on the digital wheel, during computing, carry out computing with the number on the number contrast digital wheel on the bead.Long-pending and merchant's location is according to the location that is shifted respectively of the not isotopic number on the digital wheel.Its method is:

(1) location of product: move the locator card location according to the figure place on the digital wheel.Several integer-bit are arranged on the digital wheel, and locator card just adds to the right from individual position and moves several gears (do not contain a position shelves, down with).Locator card gear after the displacement is exactly a position long-pending after the computing.As: 15 * 387, multiplier is three integer-bit, and locator card just adds to the right from individual position and moves three gears, and the locator card gear after the displacement is exactly a position long-pending after the computing.Be (refer to not have the decimal of integer, down with) of decimal on the digital wheel, have behind the radix point several " 0 " that locator card just adds from individual position and moves several gears left, the locator card gear after the displacement is exactly after the computing long-pending.As: 115 * 0.003, two " 0 " are arranged behind the radix point, locator card just adds left from individual position and moves two gears, and displacement back locator card gear is exactly a position long-pending after the computing.Do not have " 0 " position behind the radix point, locator card remains on a position, position and does not move, and this gear is exactly a position long-pending after the computing.

(2) location of quotient.According to the figure place running fix fastening position on the digital wheel, there are several integer figures, locator card just to add on the digital wheel left and move several gears from individual position, the locator card gear after the displacement is exactly a position of discussing after the computing.Be decimal on the digital wheel, several " 0 " position is arranged behind the radix point, locator card just adds to the right from individual position and moves several gears, the locator card gear after the displacement, be exactly discuss after the computing.Do not have behind the radix point " 0 " position, locator card just remains on original position and is not shifted, this gear be exactly discuss after the computing the position.

For the ease of learning by heart and accurately grasping locator card direction of displacement long-pending, the merchant,, can be summarized as following simple and clear expression method, that is: according to the regularity of said method

1. according to the integer position of multiplier, " 0 " numerical digit number of divisor, locator card is added a position of moving corresponding gear constant volume or merchant to the right from individual position.

2. according to the integer figure of divisor, " 0 " numerical digit number of multiplier adds locator card left from individual position and to move that corresponding gear is discussed surely or long-pending.

3. the multiplier divisor is a decimal, does not have " 0 " behind the radix point, and locator card is not shifted, and this gear is exactly long-pending or merchant's a position.

In division arithmetic, get merchant's back multiplication and division operational method for taking earlier at the first last shelves of dividend, can add left again according to said method and move the position that a gear is discussed surely.

The usage of indicating card in the calculating process of multiplication and division, just can move on to indicating card the gear lower end in computing smoothly, to show this number just in computing, next figure place is not computing as yet, during next figure place of computing, move on to the lower end of next figure place more smoothly, can avoid leak the mistake of shelves or repetitive operation.

This novel abacus:

1. simplified localization method effectively, can be by given method, the corresponding figure place of or divisor superior according to digital wheel, a step location puts in place, has simplified a meter position process, has improved the computing locating speed;

2. the contrast ordered series of numbers of multiplication and division is on digital wheel, and writing is clear eye-catching, and wheel changes freely, is convenient to the contrast computing of peeking as required;

3. indicating card can be taken off in the auxiliary operation process smoothly, and indication is avoided repetition or omitted computing at the multiplication and division number and the gear of multiplication and division number not;

4. simple in structure and practical, production technology is simple and easy, and main material only has chromic oxide coating sheet or contains golden thin plate and two kinds of injection molding materials, also can take overall plastic production, and production cost is low.Relevant abacus producer needn't change original production line, only is equipped with small-sized punching press and injection-moulding device and can produces in batches equipped;

5. can according to the abacus of all kinds of model specifications, produce digital wheel box body accessory separately according to the principle of the utility model design, for equipped at the abacus that uses in the society.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is explained in detail.

Fig. 1 is the utility model vertical view;

Fig. 2 is a digital wheel position front view;

Fig. 3 is a digital wheel position left view;

Fig. 4 is a digital wheel position rear view;

Fig. 5 is the digital wheel cut-open view;

Fig. 6 opens box-like attitude left view for box body.

Referring to figs. 1 through Fig. 6, the abacus of forming by abacus edge (1), lever (2), bead (3), in its entablature position, but insert six face length square box (4) of a folding, digital wheel (5) is housed in the box, its hollow diameters is slightly larger than the lever diameter, prolong lever (2), be inserted in digital wheel (5), an end of lever is fixed in the circular hole (11) on the box body backsight face, digital wheel (5) can be around the lever left-right rotation like this.One end of digital wheel is a decagon, partly indicates ten numerals of 0-9 respectively on the wheel face with corresponding middle part, center, every limit.In order to prevent that digital wheel from sliding arbitrarily, fix a nibbed spring leaf (12) in its lower end, its two ends clamp two limits in ten limits all the time.Under the acting force of spring leaf, rotate digital wheel, its wheel face number can both occupy center position.Looking up on the face of rectangular box body (4), corresponding each digital wheel wheel face position has oblong aperture (6), to show a number on the wheel face, distance square hole (6) certain distance has a translot (7), but the locator card (8) of the move left and right of packing in the groove.On the sill of abacus, be fixed with a thin long slab (9), in indicating card (10) the cover entering plate, but move left and right, in order to indication just in the numerical digit of computing.

The two ends, the left and right sides of box body are equipped with the folding fastener.Have screw (18) on the outer box face (13), have V-shaped groove (17) on the inner box face (14), during lid, outer box face (13) coincides in inner box face (14), and V-shaped groove (17) overlaps with screw (18), fixes with bolt, nut.When opening box,, overlook the active coupling arrangement (15) of face and main-vision surface edge fit, just can open box body fully, be convenient to install digital wheel by box body (4) as long as unclamp nut, bolt.Whole box body is fixed in wood screw on the edge of abacus the right and left by the elongated surfaces (16) of box body main-vision surface.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of number, the novel abacus of rechoning by the abacus mating type, it is by edge (1), lever (2), bead (3) is formed, it is characterized in that: in the entablature position, insert a box body (4) that has the digital wheel structure, corresponding each lever (2) of digital wheel (5) in the box body, its partly wheel face expose and corresponding to oblong aperture (6), one end of wheel is the odd plots of land that can be cultivated shape, all indicate number on the pairing part wheel face in the center on each limit, the lower end of wheel is fixed with spring leaf (12), and its two ends clamp two limits in ten limits all the time, and box body (4) is provided with locating device, it contains in the translot (7) and the groove of packing into, but the locator card of move left and right (8).

2, novel abacus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the sill place at abacus, be provided with the computing indicating device, and it is made up of thin plate (9) and the indicating card (10) that is inserted in the thin plate (9).

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