CN214033704U - Anchor rope and anchor backing plate - Google Patents
Anchor rope and anchor backing plate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN214033704U CN214033704U CN202022733989.0U CN202022733989U CN214033704U CN 214033704 U CN214033704 U CN 214033704U CN 202022733989 U CN202022733989 U CN 202022733989U CN 214033704 U CN214033704 U CN 214033704U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- backing plate
- anchor
- base plate
- plate
- guide hole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The anchor cable and anchor backing plate provided by the utility model comprises an upper backing plate, a lower backing plate and a support bolt arranged between the upper backing plate and the lower backing plate; wherein, a movable connecting piece matched with the supporting bolt is arranged on the upper backing plate, one end of the supporting bolt is fixedly connected with the lower backing plate, and the other end of the supporting bolt is movably connected with the upper backing plate through the movable connecting piece; and a first guide hole is formed in the lower backing plate, a second guide hole corresponding to the first guide hole is formed in the upper backing plate, and the steel strand to be positioned sequentially passes through the first guide hole and the second guide hole and is connected with the anchorage device clamping piece above the upper backing plate. The angle of the anchor backing plate can be adjusted through actual requirements by utilizing the utility model, so that the anchor backing plate is perpendicular to the end part (steel strand) of the anchor cable; and for the temporary anchor cable, the temporary anchor cable can be recycled after the engineering is finished, so that the construction cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an anchor rope construction field, more specifically relates to an anchor rope anchor backing plate and anchor rope construction method.
Background
An anchor cable is an anchoring system that transfers tension to a stable rock or soil layer. It generally comprises a cable body, a grout, an anchor for positionally fixing the cable body of the cable bolt, a sleeve and other connecting means. The anchor cable is used as a tension supporting structure and is widely applied to large and deep foundation pits. Particularly, the waterproof curtain is used as a support, and the application is particularly important.
The existing OVM anchorage device is composed of clamping pieces, an anchor backing plate, spiral ribs and corrugated pipes, steel strands (namely cable bodies of the anchor cables) sequentially pass through the corrugated pipes and are fixed on the anchorage device by the clamping pieces, acting force of the anchorage device is supported by reacting force of the anchor backing plate, the anchor backing plate is perpendicular to the steel strands, the steel strands and the anchorage device can be reasonably stressed, and meanwhile, the situation that the structure is damaged due to shearing deformation caused by the fact that the anchor backing plate is subjected to extrusion force of the anchorage device can be avoided.
However, in the actual construction process, the concrete cushion block below the anchor backing plate is not flat under the normal condition; in addition, in deep basal pit support or high slope supporting construction, the anchor rope often need adjust the angle of going into the rock according to actual demand, under this condition, also can make the plane angle of anchor backing plate follow and change. The existing anchor backing plate is only of a fixed structure, cannot adjust the angle, is disposable and cannot be reused, and accordingly the aligned anchor cable for supporting the deep foundation pit cannot be recycled, and construction resources are seriously wasted.
Based on the above technical problems, a method capable of significantly improving the service efficiency of the anchor backing plate is needed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above problems, the present invention is to provide a movable anchor plate for an anchor cable, which can adjust the angle of the anchor plate to be perpendicular to the end of the anchor cable (steel strand) according to actual requirements; and for the temporary anchor cable, the temporary anchor cable can be recycled after the engineering is finished, so that the construction cost is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model provides an anchor cable and anchor backing plate, which comprises an upper backing plate, a lower backing plate and a supporting bolt arranged between the upper backing plate and the lower backing plate; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the upper backing plate is provided with a movable connecting piece matched with the supporting bolt, one end of the supporting bolt is fixedly connected with the lower backing plate, and the other end of the supporting bolt is movably connected with the upper backing plate through the movable connecting piece; and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the steel strand positioning device comprises a lower base plate, an upper base plate and a steel strand to be positioned, wherein the lower base plate is provided with a first guide hole, the upper base plate is provided with a second guide hole corresponding to the first guide hole, and the steel strand to be positioned sequentially passes through the first guide hole and the second guide hole and is connected with an anchorage device clamping piece above the upper base plate.
In addition, the preferable structure is that a spherical sliding groove is formed in the upper backing plate, the movable connecting piece comprises a spherical sliding block limited in the spherical sliding groove in a sliding manner, and a first threaded hole matched with the supporting bolt is formed in the spherical sliding block; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
one end, far away from the lower base plate, of the support bolt is connected with the spherical sliding block through the first threaded hole, and the support bolt is matched with the spherical sliding groove and movably connected with the upper base plate through the spherical sliding block.
In addition, the movable connecting piece preferably further comprises a nut seat integrally fixed to the upper end of the spherical sliding block, and a second threaded hole corresponding to the first threaded hole is formed in the nut seat; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the nut seat extends to the outside of the spherical sliding groove, and one end, far away from the lower base plate, of the support bolt sequentially passes through the first threaded hole and the second threaded hole and then extends to the position above the upper base plate.
In addition, it is preferable that four support bolts are provided between the lower mat and the upper mat; and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the four supporting bolts are respectively connected with the four corner positions of the lower cushion plate and the upper cushion plate.
In addition, the preferable structure is that one end of the support bolt far away from the upper backing plate is fixed with the lower backing plate by welding or through threads.
Further, it is preferable that the cross-sections of the lower mat and the upper mat are of a circular structure or a polygonal structure.
In addition, the preferable structure is that the upper backing plate and the lower backing plate are both made of high-strength steel.
In addition, the preferable structure is that the first guide hole is provided with at least two on the lower backing plate, and the second guide hole is provided with at least two on the upper backing plate; and, each first guiding hole corresponds to each second guiding hole upper and lower position.
According to the technical contents, the anchor backing plate of the anchor cable provided by the utility model can realize the angle adjustment of the upper backing plate of the anchor cable by arranging the movable connecting piece, and in the actual construction process, the angle of the upper backing plate of the anchor cable can be adjusted according to the actual requirement to ensure that the upper backing plate is perpendicular to the end part of the anchor cable (steel strand); and for the temporary anchor cable, the temporary anchor cable can be recycled after the engineering is finished, so that the construction cost is reduced.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects of the invention comprise the features hereinafter fully described. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the invention. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed. Moreover, the present invention is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.
Drawings
Other objects and results of the invention will be more apparent and readily appreciated by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and as the invention is more fully understood. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an anchor plate of an anchor cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an anchor pad of an anchor cable prior to position adjustment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an anchor plate of an anchor cable after position adjustment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of the anchor pad of the anchor cable according to the embodiment of the present invention;
wherein the reference numerals include: the support device comprises a lower backing plate 11, a third threaded hole 111, a first guide hole 112, a support bolt 12, external threads 121, an upper backing plate 13, a spherical sliding groove 131, a second guide hole 132, a spherical sliding block 14, a nut seat 141, a steel strand 15 to be positioned, an anchor clamping piece 16, a support ring beam 17, a steel strand bundle 18 and foundation pit rocks 19.
The same reference numbers in all figures indicate similar or corresponding features or functions.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be evident, however, that such embodiment(s) may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing one or more embodiments.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a structure of an anchor pad of an anchor cable according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional structure of the anchor pad of the anchor cable before position adjustment according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional structure of an anchor plate of an anchor cable after position adjustment according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 4 shows the local enlarged structure of construction of anchor rope anchor backing plate according to the utility model discloses the embodiment.
As shown together with fig. 1 to 4, the anchor plate of the anchor cable provided by the present invention includes an upper plate 13, a lower plate 11 and a support bolt 12 disposed between the upper plate 13 and the lower plate 11; wherein, a movable connecting piece matched with the supporting bolt 12 is arranged on the upper backing plate 13, one end of the supporting bolt 12 is fixedly connected with the lower backing plate 11, and the other end of the supporting bolt 12 is movably connected with the upper backing plate 13 through the movable connecting piece; the lower bolster 11 is provided with a first guide hole 112, and the upper bolster 13 is provided with a second guide hole 132 corresponding to the first guide hole 112.
In the actual installation process, the steel strand 15 to be positioned sequentially passes through the first guide hole 112 and the second guide hole 132 and is connected with the anchor clamping piece 16 above the upper cushion plate 13, at the moment, the steel strand is tensioned, the lower cushion plate 11 is extruded and fixed with the supporting ring beam 17 (generally a reinforced concrete beam) on the foundation pit rock 19, the upper cushion plate 13 bears the reaction force of the anchor clamping piece 16, and the reaction force on the upper cushion plates 13 is transmitted to the lower steel plate through the supporting bolts 12 and finally transmitted to the supporting ring beam 17 to realize tensioning and fixing of the steel strand 15 to be positioned.
Specifically, in order to realize the position adjustment of the upper backing plate 13 (as shown in fig. 2 before the adjustment and as shown in fig. 3 after the adjustment), a spherical sliding groove 131 is formed in the upper backing plate 13, the movable connecting piece comprises a spherical sliding block 14 which is limited in the spherical sliding groove 131 in a sliding manner, and a first threaded hole which is matched with the supporting bolt 12 is formed in the spherical sliding block 14; wherein, the one end that the back bolt 12 kept away from lower backing plate 11 links to each other with spherical slider 14 through first screw hole, and back bolt 12 cooperates spherical spout 131 and upper backing plate 13 swing joint through spherical slider 14.
In the in-service use process, because different construction requirements, the construction angle that the steel strand wires correspond is different, for ensuring that the steel strand wires can keep perpendicular with between the upper padding plate 13 to reduce longitudinal acting force between the two, can realize upper padding plate 13 angle and position control (specific accommodation process is decided according to the construction requirement, no longer repeated here) through the adaptation position between adjustment stay bolt 12 and the first screw hole, thereby satisfy corresponding construction requirement.
Specifically, the nut seat 141 at the upper end of the spherical sliding block 14 is hexagonal or polygonal, and during the actual adjustment process, the hexagonal nut seat 141 can be screwed to rotate the spherical sliding block 14 around the supporting bolt 12, so as to realize the up-and-down movement of the upper steel plate.
More specifically, the movable connecting element further comprises a nut seat 141 fixed at the upper end of the spherical sliding block 14 in an integrated manner, and a second threaded hole corresponding to the first threaded hole is formed in the nut seat 141; the nut seat 141 extends to the outside of the spherical sliding groove 131, and one end of the support bolt 12, which is far away from the lower backing plate 11, sequentially passes through the first threaded hole and the second threaded hole and then extends to the upper side of the upper backing plate 13. Through the fixed nut seat 141 that extends to the outside of spherical spout 131 in the upper end of spherical slider 14, not only can improve the stability of being connected between supporting bolt 12 and the spherical slider 14, can also prevent that spherical slider 14 from appearing excessively rotating in spherical spout 131, lead to unable first screw hole of finding corresponding with supporting bolt 12 position when equipment anchor rope anchor backing plate.
Preferably, four stay bolts 12 are provided between the lower mat 11 and the upper mat 13; four stay bolts 12 are connected to four corner positions of the lower mat 11 and the upper mat 13, respectively. Through the design, the supporting effect of the supporting bolt 12 can be further improved, the single supporting bolt 12 is prevented from being stressed too much, and the service life of the supporting bolt is shortened.
It should be noted that, the end of the support bolt 12 away from the upper pad 13 is fixedly connected with the lower pad 11, and only then can the stability of the whole anchor cable anchor pad be ensured, specifically, the end of the support bolt 12 away from the upper pad 13 can be welded and fixed with the lower pad 11 or screwed through the third threaded hole 111, and through this design, the stress of the lower pad 11 can be ensured to be uniform, so as to reduce stress concentration and shear deformation, resulting in the damage of the lower pad 11.
In addition, it should be noted that the cross section of the lower cushion plate 11 and the upper cushion plate 13 may be a circular structure and/or a polygonal structure or other structures, as long as the corresponding supporting effect is satisfied during the actual use.
In addition, in order to improve the supporting strength of the upper pad 13 and the lower pad 11, the upper pad 13 and the lower pad 11 are made of high-strength steel. Of course, the four support bolts 12 of the anchor rope and anchor backing plate need to be high-strength bolts, so that the anchor rope and anchor backing plate can work safely under the action of the great tensile force of the anchor rope, and safety accidents caused by damage of the anchor rope and anchor backing plate are avoided.
It should be noted that, the steel strand 15 to be positioned is formed by bundling the anchor cable steel strand bundle 18, so there are generally a plurality of steel strands at the same time, in order to fix the steel strands at the same time, the first guide hole 112 is provided with at least two on the lower backing plate 11, and the second guide hole 132 is provided with at least two on the upper backing plate 13; the first guide holes 112 correspond to the second guide holes 132 in vertical positions. In the actual use process, each steel strand 15 to be positioned passes through the first guide hole 112 and the second guide hole 132 corresponding to the position of the steel strand, and then the position is fixed.
In the actual manufacturing process, the steel plate can be manufactured by using local materials, for example, the upper backing plate 13 and the lower backing plate 11 are both made of Q235 high-strength steel, wherein the size of the upper steel plate is 200 × 40mm, and the size of the lower steel plate is 250 × 30 mm; m20 high-strength bolt with the length of 150mm is adopted as the support bolt 12. Wherein the threads on the support bolt 12 are generally configured as external threads 121 and the threads of the first, second, and third threaded holes 111 are generally configured as internal threads.
On the other hand, for realizing passing through the utility model provides an anchor rope anchor backing plate carry out the anchor rope fixed, following detailed introduction passes through the utility model provides a method that anchor rope anchor backing plate carries out anchor rope construction, concrete construction method includes:
forming anchor cable holes at the preset positions of the foundation pit rocks 19 and cleaning the anchor cable holes;
the steel strand bundle 18 at the end part of the anchor cable passes through the anchor cable hole and then is subjected to beam splitting treatment to form at least two steel strands 15 to be positioned;
installing an anchor cable anchor backing plate at the end part of the anchor cable and adjusting the position of the anchor cable anchor backing plate so that each steel strand 15 to be positioned is mutually vertical to the upper backing plate 13 after sequentially passing through the first guide hole 112 and the second guide hole 132;
installing anchor clamps 16 to clamp and fix the steel strands 15 to be positioned;
hole sealing treatment is carried out on the anchor cable holes so as to realize the fixed connection between the end parts of the anchor cables and the foundation pit rocks 19; during hole sealing treatment, grouting anchor cable holes, tensioning the anchor cables to enable the anchor clamps 16 and the anchor pads of the anchor cables to bear force after cement slurry reaches preset scales, stopping tensioning after preset tension is reached, and fixedly connecting the end portions of the anchor cables with the foundation pit rocks 19 after the cement slurry is solidified. It is emphasized that the length of the exposed steel strand is not cut first, and the steel strand is left for subsequent anchor withdrawal.
In addition, in order to improve the support stability of the lower cushion plate 11, a support ring beam 17 is fixed on one side of the foundation pit rock 19 close to the anchor rope anchor cushion plate; and after the anchor cable pad is installed, the lower pad 11 and the support ring beam 17 are extruded and fixed. And (3) grouting the anchor cable hole, tensioning the anchor cable after cement paste reaches the scale to enable the anchor device and the anchor backing plate to bear force, stopping tensioning after the design paper tension is reached, and leaving the working length of the exposed steel strand not to be cut off for subsequent anchor withdrawal.
It should be noted that, to some interim anchor ropes, the construction of the waterproof curtain of deep basal pit support is ended, can utilize the utility model provides an adjustable structure of anchor rope anchor backing plate (realize the not hard up of steel strand wires through rotating stay bolt 12) retrieves ground tackle and anchor backing plate each part to use in the future, with reduce construction cost, resources are saved. The specific anchor withdrawing process comprises the following steps: after the engineering in the deep foundation pit is finished, the steel strand exposed out of the anchor cable is tensioned by a jack to withdraw the anchor, and the anchor clamping piece 16 and the anchor backing plate are dismounted to be recycled, so that the construction cost is reduced.
Furthermore, because the utility model provides an anchor rope anchor backing plate is spatial structure (upper padding plate 13, lower bolster 11 and between 12 supporting bolt), to permanent engineering class anchor rope, after the steel strand wires stretch-draw, can seal the anchor with the concrete to anchor rope anchor backing plate and handle, can permanently protect anchor rope anchor backing plate, ground tackle, prevent that its corrosion from damaging and make the steel strand wires stretch-draw force inefficacy.
The anchor plate of an anchor cable according to the present invention is described above by way of example with reference to fig. 1 to 4. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made to the anchor cable pad set forth above without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be determined by the content of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An anchor rope and anchor backing plate is characterized by comprising an upper backing plate, a lower backing plate and a support bolt arranged between the upper backing plate and the lower backing plate; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the upper backing plate is provided with a movable connecting piece matched with the supporting bolt, one end of the supporting bolt is fixedly connected with the lower backing plate, and the other end of the supporting bolt is movably connected with the upper backing plate through the movable connecting piece; and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the steel strand positioning device comprises a lower base plate, an upper base plate and a steel strand to be positioned, wherein the lower base plate is provided with a first guide hole, the upper base plate is provided with a second guide hole corresponding to the first guide hole, and the steel strand to be positioned sequentially passes through the first guide hole and the second guide hole and is connected with an anchorage device clamping piece above the upper base plate.
2. The anchor cable pad of claim 1,
a spherical sliding groove is formed in the upper base plate, the movable connecting piece comprises a spherical sliding block which is limited in the spherical sliding groove in a sliding mode, and a first threaded hole matched with the supporting bolt is formed in the spherical sliding block; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
one end, far away from the lower base plate, of the support bolt is connected with the spherical sliding block through the first threaded hole, and the support bolt is matched with the spherical sliding groove and movably connected with the upper base plate through the spherical sliding block.
3. The anchor cable pad of claim 2,
the movable connecting piece also comprises a nut seat which is integrally fixed at the upper end of the spherical sliding block, and a second threaded hole corresponding to the first threaded hole is formed in the nut seat; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the nut seat extends to the outside of the spherical sliding groove, and one end, far away from the lower base plate, of the support bolt sequentially passes through the first threaded hole and the second threaded hole and then extends to the position above the upper base plate.
4. The anchor cable pad of claim 3,
four support bolts are arranged between the lower base plate and the upper base plate; and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the four supporting bolts are respectively connected with the four corner positions of the lower cushion plate and the upper cushion plate.
5. The anchor cable pad of claim 4,
and one end of the support bolt, which is far away from the upper backing plate, is welded and fixed with the lower backing plate or is fixed through threads.
6. The anchor cable pad of claim 5,
the cross sections of the lower backing plate and the upper backing plate are of circular structures and/or polygonal structures.
7. The anchor cable pad of claim 6,
the upper backing plate and the lower backing plate are both made of high-strength steel.
8. The anchor cable pad of claim 7,
the first guide holes are formed in the lower base plate in at least two, and the second guide holes are formed in the upper base plate in at least two; and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the upper and lower positions of each first guide hole correspond to those of each second guide hole.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022733989.0U CN214033704U (en) | 2020-11-23 | 2020-11-23 | Anchor rope and anchor backing plate |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022733989.0U CN214033704U (en) | 2020-11-23 | 2020-11-23 | Anchor rope and anchor backing plate |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN214033704U true CN214033704U (en) | 2021-08-24 |
Family
ID=77361461
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022733989.0U Active CN214033704U (en) | 2020-11-23 | 2020-11-23 | Anchor rope and anchor backing plate |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN214033704U (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113513031A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-10-19 | 中建八局第二建设有限公司 | Foundation pit support anchorage device and anchor cable construction method |
-
2020
- 2020-11-23 CN CN202022733989.0U patent/CN214033704U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113513031A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-10-19 | 中建八局第二建设有限公司 | Foundation pit support anchorage device and anchor cable construction method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN113454306B (en) | Integral lifting construction method and device for arch structure | |
| CN109750791B (en) | Assembled large cantilever steel structure | |
| CN108708498A (en) | A kind of external prestressing strengthening concrete frame beam structure and its construction method | |
| CN109235732B (en) | Construction method for prefabricated hollow beam slab | |
| CN101235663A (en) | Clip type anchorage applying to carbon fiber reinforced polymeric material prestressing force rib | |
| CN112376558A (en) | Anchor rope and anchor backing plate and anchor rope construction method | |
| CN110042767B (en) | Cable buckling and anchoring method of cable hoisting system | |
| CN109339458A (en) | A kind of multi-functional trolley of Cast-in-situ Beam steel reinforcement cage binding installation | |
| CN111593674A (en) | Suspended casting beam cable construction structure and construction method for n-shaped beam bridge | |
| CN215329850U (en) | Unbonded prestressed uplift filling pile | |
| KR20110111907A (en) | Saddle assembly | |
| CN214033704U (en) | Anchor rope and anchor backing plate | |
| CN212104064U (en) | Anchor cable tensioning and installing device based on anchor rod | |
| CN209760863U (en) | External prestress steel strand connector and matched tensioning device | |
| CN106758883B (en) | The interim pocket device for hoisting of steel wire rope for steel pipe truss concrete arch-type bridge suspender replacement and its for the method for suspender replacement | |
| CN106012834B (en) | A kind of spatial warping curve abnormal shape antisymmetry steel king-tower inner support and tensioning system | |
| CN210067217U (en) | Assembled steel construction of encorbelmenting greatly | |
| CN209308433U (en) | A kind of multi-functional trolley of Cast-in-situ Beam steel reinforcement cage binding installation | |
| CN218479224U (en) | Anti-pulling device for concrete filling pile | |
| CN201162311Y (en) | Clip type anchorage used for carbon fiber reinforced polymeric material pre-stress tendon | |
| CN212175766U (en) | Prestressed anchor cable structure | |
| CN212641470U (en) | Prestressed fish-bellied beam steel strand construction guiding device | |
| CN211472142U (en) | Bridge pier of swivel cable-stayed bridge and reinforcing device thereof | |
| CN210288075U (en) | Structure is changed to steel pipe concrete truss arch bridge web member | |
| CN206784195U (en) | The interim pocket device for hoisting of steel wire rope for steel pipe truss concrete arch-type bridge suspender replacement |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |