CN213936263U - All-weather quick-response solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell power system - Google Patents
All-weather quick-response solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell power system Download PDFInfo
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- CN213936263U CN213936263U CN202022782529.7U CN202022782529U CN213936263U CN 213936263 U CN213936263 U CN 213936263U CN 202022782529 U CN202022782529 U CN 202022782529U CN 213936263 U CN213936263 U CN 213936263U
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an all-weather quick-response solid hydrogen storage fuel cell power system, which comprises a solid hydrogen storage device, a multifunctional gas storage tank and a fuel cell device, wherein the fuel cell device comprises a hydrogen pipeline, a fuel cell, a circulating water pump, a cold water pipeline and a hot water pipeline; one end of the multifunctional gas storage tank is connected with the solid hydrogen storage device through a pipeline provided with a one-way valve, the other end of the multifunctional gas storage tank is connected with the fuel cell through a hydrogen pipeline, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the hydrogen pipeline; the fuel cell is connected with the solid hydrogen storage device through a cold water pipeline and a hot water pipeline, and a circulating water pump is arranged on the hot water pipeline. When the hydrogen storage device is started, the fuel cell is started, and then the electromagnetic valve is opened, so that hydrogen flows into the fuel cell from the solid hydrogen storage device through the one-way valve and the multifunctional gas storage tank. The utility model discloses can improve the stability of hydrogen source, prevent that solid-state hydrogen storage device from reversely inhaling hydrogen, reducing jar body wall thickness, improving weight and storing hydrogen density.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell electricity generation and the comprehensive heat management field of hydrogen fuel cell car, concretely relates to all-weather quick response's solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell power system.
Background
The automobile is developing towards the direction of electromotion and intellectualization, and as the demand of various social circles on clean energy vehicles increases, fuel cell automobiles using hydrogen gradually move to the market, wherein a fuel cell power system provided with a low-voltage solid-state vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage device is widely concerned by people due to the characteristics of high safety, high volume hydrogen storage density and quick hydrogen charging.
A fuel cell power system using low-pressure solid-state vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage devices for hydrogen supply mainly comprises a fuel cell, a solid-state hydrogen storage device and a control system thereof, wherein the solid-state hydrogen storage device is formed by connecting a plurality of hydrogen storage devices filled with hydrogen storage alloy powder, and a heat transfer medium circulating system is used for regulating and controlling the temperature distribution in the solid-state hydrogen storage device.
In the practical application of fuel cell automobiles, the solid-state hydrogen storage device needs to meet the application requirements under various climatic conditions, and especially needs to solve the problems of hydrogen supply during cold start of the fuel cell under the low-temperature condition, reverse hydrogen absorption of hydrogen storage materials during temperature reduction and cooling in the solid-state hydrogen storage device when the automobile is stopped midway, and potential safety hazards caused by overhigh internal pressure of the hydrogen storage device under the high-temperature condition.
Hydrogen supply problem at cold start under low temperature conditions: when the automobile is started, the fuel cell power system should respond quickly within the range of seconds, and the hydrogen storage device should supply hydrogen to the fuel cell quickly to meet the dynamic response requirement of the power system. The hydrogen absorbing and releasing process of the hydrogen storage material is a chemical adsorption or desorption process, the reaction enthalpy is large, and the hydrogen needs to absorb heat from the environment during releasing hydrogen. When the hydrogen storage device is matched with the fuel cell, under the normal working condition of the fuel cell, the residual heat of the fuel cell can provide a heat source required by hydrogen discharge of the hydrogen storage material. However, during cold start, the fuel cell does not operate to generate heat, and cannot provide a required heat source for hydrogen discharge of the hydrogen storage material, and the hydrogen storage material can only obtain heat from air or other heat transfer media in the surrounding environment.
The problem of reverse hydrogen absorption of the hydrogen storage material during temperature reduction and cooling in the solid hydrogen storage device when the automobile stops midway is solved: the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of the solid hydrogen storage device is closely related to the temperature field distribution of the metal hydride bed body in the tank, the hydrogen supply pressure and the flow rate are directly related to the temperature in the tank, when the temperature rises, the hydrogen desorption speed is accelerated, the residual hydrogen quantity is reduced, and when the temperature falls, the hydrogen desorption speed is reduced, and the residual hydrogen quantity is increased. When the fuel cell automobile is parked midway, the fuel cell system does not supply heat, the temperature of the hydrogen storage device is gradually reduced, the hydrogen discharge equilibrium pressure of the hydrogen storage material is reduced, when the gaseous hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device is higher than the equilibrium pressure of the hydrogen storage material at the temperature, the material does not discharge hydrogen, when the residual hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage device is lower (if the residual hydrogen storage is less than or equal to 30 percent), the material is likely to suck gaseous hydrogen reversely from the system, the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage device is reduced, the gaseous hydrogen is reduced, the fuel cell cannot obtain a hydrogen source with pressure and flow simultaneously meeting the requirements when being restarted, and the quick response performance of the hydrogen storage device during cold start is further deteriorated.
The potential safety hazard problem is caused by overhigh internal pressure of the hydrogen storage device under the high-temperature condition: in order to ensure that the hydrogen storage device has higher hydrogen storage density, the filling density of the hydrogen storage material in the tank needs to be properly improved, at the moment, the hydrogen storage quantity of the hydrogen storage device is increased, and the dead volume in the device is reduced. When the ambient temperature is high or when the hydrogen storage device in a hydrogen absorption saturation state is heated due to system operation errors, the hydrogen storage material absorbs heat and releases hydrogen, a large amount of hydrogen gas is generated and gathered in a dead volume in the tank, and the pressure in the hydrogen storage device rises sharply. If the device is heated and hydrogen is released under the hydrogen absorption saturation state, the highest temperature and pressure can be generated in the device. In order to ensure the safe use of the hydrogen storage device under the extreme condition, the wall thickness of the tank body is increased during the design of the tank body, so that the weight of the tank body is increased, the hydrogen storage density of the hydrogen storage device is reduced, and the technical requirement of vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage is difficult to meet.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Problem to among the prior art, the utility model provides an all-weather quick response's solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell power system, in this system, solid-state hydrogen storage device had both had higher weight hydrogen storage rate, satisfy the continuation of the journey mileage requirement of fuel cell car, simultaneously through system design, safe in service requirement when still can satisfying the highest temperature pressure, satisfy the requirement of fuel cell car cold start, and hydrogen storage material is to the reverse hydrogen absorption in the system when avoiding fuel cell car to park midway, further worsen the appearance of the cold start problem of hydrogen storage system. When the fuel cell automobile is started at low temperature and the hydrogen storage material cannot be rapidly discharged, the system can still provide pressure and flow and simultaneously meet the hydrogen source required by starting, so that the fuel cell automobile is rapidly started, and then the hydrogen storage material is driven to normally discharge hydrogen; in order to deal with the highest temperature and pressure under extreme conditions, the traditional method of realizing overpressure protection by excessively increasing the wall thickness of a single tank body is avoided, and the total weight of the system is reduced, the weight hydrogen storage rate of the system is improved and the driving range requirement of vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage is met while the problem of reducing the temperature and pressure in the single hydrogen storage tank is solved through system design. The utility model discloses homoenergetic when cold/hot start guarantees hydrogen storage device hydrogen supply efficiency, realizes the quick start and the lightweight production of fuel cell car.
The utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
an all-weather quick-response solid hydrogen storage fuel cell power system is characterized by comprising a solid hydrogen storage device (1), a multifunctional gas storage tank (3) and a fuel cell device, wherein the fuel cell device comprises a hydrogen pipeline (5), a fuel cell (6), a circulating water pump (7), a cold water pipeline (9) and a hot water pipeline (8); one end of the multifunctional gas storage tank (3) is connected with the solid hydrogen storage device (1) through a pipeline provided with a one-way valve (2), the other end of the multifunctional gas storage tank (3) is connected with the fuel cell (6) through a hydrogen pipeline (5), and the hydrogen pipeline (5) is provided with an electromagnetic valve (4); the fuel cell (6) is connected with the solid hydrogen storage device (1) through a cold water pipeline (9) and a hot water pipeline (8), and a circulating water pump (7) is installed on the hot water pipeline (8).
The all-weather quick-response solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell power system is characterized in that a first pressure gauge (10) is arranged on a pipeline between the one-way valve (2) and the solid-state hydrogen storage device (1); a second pressure gauge (11) and a third pressure gauge (12) are arranged on the hydrogen pipeline (5), the second pressure gauge (11) is positioned between the multifunctional gas storage tank (3) and the electromagnetic valve (4), and the third pressure gauge (12) is positioned between the fuel cell (6) and the electromagnetic valve (4).
The all-weather quick-response solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell power system is characterized in that the direction of the one-way valve (2) is that the one-way valve flows into the multifunctional gas storage tank (3) from the solid-state hydrogen storage device (1) in a one-way mode.
The utility model has the advantages of: (1) when the system works normally, the solid hydrogen storage device releases hydrogen, hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell through the one-way valve and the multifunctional gas storage tank, the solid hydrogen storage device of the fuel cell is limited by the heat and mass transfer of a metal hydride bed body in the solid hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen release flow of the solid hydrogen storage device has certain fluctuation, and the multifunctional gas storage tank can be used as a buffer tank for the solid hydrogen storage device to release hydrogen, so that the stability of a hydrogen source is improved, the pressure and the flow rate of hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell system are more stable, and the dynamic response requirement of the work of the fuel cell is met. (2) When the temperature is too low in winter or the temperature is lower because the system is in a standby state for a long time, hydrogen with certain pressure is stored in the multifunctional gas storage tank and is separated by the one-way valve, the hydrogen can be prevented from flowing back to the solid hydrogen storage device, the reverse hydrogen absorption of the multifunctional gas storage tank by the solid hydrogen storage device is avoided, the hydrogen pressure in the gas storage tank is reduced, and the quick hydrogen supply during cold start or restart is facilitated. (3) When in cold start, the hydrogen in the multifunctional gas storage tank supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell, so that the fuel cell can be quickly started; after the fuel cell is normally started, the temperature of the galvanic pile rises, the waste heat emitted by the galvanic pile is introduced into the solid hydrogen storage device through a hot water pipeline of the heat dissipation device, the temperature of a hydrogen storage bed body in the device is improved, the hydrogen storage alloy powder is heated to release hydrogen, the hydrogen release dynamic response performance of the hydrogen storage device is improved, the energy consumption of the heat dissipation device of the fuel cell system is reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency of the system is further improved. (4) When the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage device excessively rises in hot weather or heating misoperation in summer, hydrogen originally stored in the hydrogen storage material is released to cause the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage device to rise, and when the pressure is higher than the hydrogen pressure of the multifunctional gas storage tank, the hydrogen in the device is put into the multifunctional gas storage tank through the one-way valve, so that the temperature rise pressure in the device is reduced, the design wall thickness of the tank body can be properly reduced, the total weight of the system is reduced, the processing difficulty and the cost are reduced, and the weight and the hydrogen storage density of the system are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the results of a solid-state hydrogen storage device and a high-temperature pressure rise test at 30 ℃/40 ℃/50 ℃ with the addition of a multifunctional gas storage tank;
FIG. 3 is a comparison graph of the low temperature depressurization test results of the solid-state hydrogen storage device and the multifunctional gas storage tank at 0 ℃/-10 ℃/-20 ℃.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the utility model discloses an all-weather quick response's solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell power system, including solid-state hydrogen storage device 1, multi-functional gas holder 3, fuel cell device includes hydrogen pipeline 5, fuel cell 6, circulating water pump 7, cold water pipeline 9, hot water pipeline 8; one end of the multifunctional gas storage tank 3 is connected with the solid hydrogen storage device 1 through a pipeline provided with the multifunctional one-way valve 2, the other end of the multifunctional gas storage tank 3 is connected with the fuel cell 6 through a hydrogen pipeline 5, and the hydrogen pipeline 5 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 4. The one-way valve 2 is in the direction of flowing into the multifunctional gas storage tank 3 from the solid-state hydrogen storage device 1 in one way, so as to prevent the hydrogen from flowing back to the solid-state hydrogen storage device 1. One end of a cold water pipeline 9 is connected with the fuel cell 6, and the other end of the cold water pipeline 9 is connected with the solid hydrogen storage device 1; one end of the hot water pipeline 8 is connected with the fuel cell 6, and the other end of the hot water pipeline 8 is connected with the solid hydrogen storage device 1. The two ends of the hot water pipeline and the cold water pipeline are both connected with the solid-state hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell, when the fuel cell stack works, the power is supplied to the water pump, the circulating water flows into the fuel cell from the cold water pipeline, the waste heat is absorbed, and flows into the solid-state hydrogen storage device along the hot water pipeline, wherein the heat is absorbed by the hydrogen releasing and absorbing process of the solid-state hydrogen storage device, and the cold water flows back to the fuel cell from the cold water pipeline. A circulating water pump 7 is arranged on the hot water pipeline 8. A first pressure gauge 10 is arranged on a pipeline between the one-way valve 2 and the solid hydrogen storage device 1 for measuring the hydrogen pressure in the solid hydrogen storage device. The hydrogen pipeline 5 is provided with a second pressure gauge 11 and a third pressure gauge 12, the second pressure gauge 11 is positioned between the multifunctional gas storage tank 3 and the electromagnetic valve 4, and the hydrogen pressure in the multifunctional gas storage tank is measured; a third pressure gauge 12 is located between the fuel cell 6 and the solenoid valve 4 and measures the pressure of the hydrogen gas at the inlet of the fuel cell.
The multifunctional gas storage tank is in the utility model discloses in the driving system working process, three kinds of functions have: 1) the buffer tank keeps the pressure and flow of the hydrogen stable in the normal working process; 2) a hydrogen pressure maintaining tank for ensuring the cold start of the fuel cell for hydrogen supply when the temperature is low and the residual hydrogen storage amount in the solid hydrogen storage device is low; 3) and the hydrogen pressure relief tank is used for preventing the solid hydrogen storage device from being over-pressurized when the solid hydrogen storage device is saturated with hydrogen.
A starting method of a solid hydrogen storage fuel cell power system based on all-weather quick response comprises the following steps: the fuel cell 6 is started first, and then the electromagnetic valve 4 is opened, so that hydrogen flows into the fuel cell from the solid hydrogen storage device 1 through the one-way valve 2 and the multifunctional gas storage tank 3. When the starting environment temperature is-20 ℃ to 0 ℃ and the pressure provided by the solid hydrogen storage device is lower than 0.1MPa, the multifunctional gas storage tank independently supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell for 5min to 10min at the initial pressure of 2MPa to 2.5 MPa. When the ambient temperature of the solid hydrogen storage device reaches 30-50 ℃ and the hydrogen discharge pressure exceeds 6-12 MPa, the multifunctional gas storage tank reduces the pressure of the power system to be below 5 MPa. The volume of the multifunctional gas storage tank is determined according to the power of the fuel cell, and the ratio of the volume (L) of the multifunctional gas storage tank to the power (KW) of the fuel cell is (3-8): 1. under the conditions that the total hydrogen storage amount is more than 30 percent and the environmental temperature is lower than 0 to minus 20 ℃, the device of the utility model can provide the starting hydrogen pressure which is more than 1.96 MPa.
When the ambient temperature of the solid hydrogen storage device reaches 30-50 ℃ and the hydrogen discharge pressure exceeds 6-12 MPa, the multifunctional gas storage tank reduces the pressure of the power system to be below 5 MPa.
When the fuel cell is started, the electromagnetic valve is opened, hydrogen flows out of the solid hydrogen storage device, flows into the fuel cell after passing through the one-way valve and the multifunctional gas storage tank, and is supplied to the electric pile for power generation, and the multifunctional gas storage tank has a buffering function on the hydrogen flow. When the solid hydrogen storage device releases excessive hydrogen due to overhigh temperature, the multifunctional gas storage tank realizes the pressure relief function. When the solid-state hydrogen storage device is shut down in a low-temperature environment, the hydrogen stored in the multifunctional gas storage tank cannot flow back to the solid-state hydrogen storage device due to the existence of the one-way valve. When the system is started in a low-temperature environment and the solid hydrogen storage device cannot release hydrogen because of too low temperature so as to start the fuel cell, the hydrogen in the multifunctional gas storage tank can supply the hydrogen to the fuel cell to start the hydrogen.
When cold starting the utility model discloses driving system's start-up principle includes following step:
(a) when the power system is in a standby state, hydrogen with certain pressure is stored in the multifunctional gas storage tank 3, and the electromagnetic valve is closed;
(b) when the power system is started, the electromagnetic valve is opened, and the gaseous hydrogen in the multifunctional gas storage tank 3 rapidly supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell stack, so that the fuel cell stack is rapidly started;
(c) when the fuel cell stack is normally started, the heat dissipation of the fuel cell stack is led into the solid hydrogen storage device by a hot water pipeline, and the hydrogen storage material powder absorbs heat and releases hydrogen rapidly;
(d) when the fuel cell stack is closed, the electromagnetic valve is closed firstly, the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage device is gradually reduced after the shutdown, gaseous hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage device is absorbed back into the hydrogen storage material, the hydrogen pressure in the device is reduced, but at the moment, due to the limitation of the one-way valve, hydrogen still stored in the original multifunctional gas storage tank with higher pressure cannot flow back into the solid hydrogen storage device, and the hydrogen with higher pressure and more hydrogen is stored in the multifunctional gas storage tank;
(e) when the power system is restarted, the power system can ensure sufficient hydrogen pressure and hydrogen quantity, and the requirement of quick starting of the power system is met.
When the utility model discloses driving system normally works, solid-state hydrogen storage device puts hydrogen, supply hydrogen to fuel cell through check valve and multi-functional gas holder, fuel cell solid-state hydrogen storage device receives the restriction of metal hydride bed body heat and mass transfer in its jar, it puts the hydrogen flow and has certain fluctuation, multi-functional gas holder of hydrogen can be emitted as solid-state hydrogen storage device to multi-functional gas holder, improve the stability of hydrogen source, make its pressure and the velocity of flow to fuel cell system hydrogen supply more steady, satisfy the dynamic response requirement of fuel cell work.
When the fuel cell is started in a low-temperature environment in winter, if the pressure in the solid-state hydrogen storage device is insufficient, hydrogen in the multifunctional gas storage tank is used for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell, after the fuel cell is started, the waste heat of the fuel cell is used for heating the solid-state hydrogen storage device, the temperature in the solid-state hydrogen storage device is increased, the hydrogen discharge dynamic performance of a hydrogen storage material is improved, and the subsequent hydrogen supply dynamic response characteristic of the solid-state hydrogen storage device is improved.
When the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage device excessively rises in hot weather or heating misoperation in summer, hydrogen originally stored in the hydrogen storage material is released to cause the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage device to rise, and when the pressure is higher than the hydrogen pressure of the multifunctional gas storage tank, the hydrogen in the device is put into the multifunctional gas storage tank through the one-way valve, so that the temperature rise pressure in the hydrogen storage device is reduced, the design wall thickness of the tank body can be properly reduced, the total weight of a system is reduced, the processing difficulty and the processing cost are reduced, and the weight and the hydrogen storage density of the system are improved.
The one-way valve is used for preventing hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage device from being reduced due to the fact that hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage device is sucked back by the hydrogen storage material when the temperature is too low or the solid hydrogen storage device is stopped and cooled in winter, and the hydrogen in the multifunctional gas storage device reversely flows into the solid hydrogen storage device, so that the reduction of the hydrogen pressure in the multifunctional gas storage device and the deterioration of the cold starting performance of a system are prevented.
The working principle of the power system during cold start is as follows: when the system is in a standby state, hydrogen with certain pressure is stored in the multifunctional gas storage tank, and the electromagnetic valve is closed. When the system is started, the electromagnetic valve is opened, and the gaseous hydrogen in the multifunctional gas storage tank rapidly supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell stack, so that the fuel cell stack is rapidly started. When the fuel cell stack is normally started, the heat dissipation of the fuel cell stack is led into the solid hydrogen storage device by a hot water pipeline, and the hydrogen storage material powder absorbs heat and releases hydrogen rapidly; when the fuel cell stack is closed, the electromagnetic valve is firstly closed, the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage device is gradually reduced after the shutdown, gaseous hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage device is absorbed back into the hydrogen storage material, the hydrogen pressure in the device is reduced, but at the moment, due to the limitation of the one-way valve, hydrogen still stored in the original multifunctional gas storage tank with higher pressure cannot flow back into the solid hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen with higher pressure and more hydrogen quantity is stored in the multifunctional gas storage tank, when the fuel cell stack is restarted, the system can ensure enough hydrogen pressure and hydrogen quantity, and the requirement of quick start of the system is met.
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the following embodiments. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. Other embodiments obtained without inventive work and similar modifications and adaptations made by those skilled in the art according to the present disclosure should be considered as the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Will the utility model discloses a driving system carries out high temperature simulation environmental test. Firstly, filling hydrogen into a solid-state hydrogen storage device for experiments at room temperature (20 ℃) to 3MPa, heating the solid-state hydrogen storage device by using a circulating antifreezing solution after the air pressure is stabilized, heating the solid-state hydrogen storage device to 30 ℃, observing the change of internal pressure by using a pressure gauge, heating the solid-state hydrogen storage device to 40 ℃ after the pressure is stabilized, continuing heating the solid-state hydrogen storage device to 50 ℃ after the pressure is stabilized, wherein the pressure in the solid-state hydrogen storage device is increased to 5.412MPa at 30 ℃, is increased to 8.446MPa at 40 ℃, and is increased to 11.812MPa at 50 ℃ along with the change of the temperature as shown by a curve in figure 2.
And then serially connecting the solid-state hydrogen storage device and the multifunctional gas storage tank, charging hydrogen to 3MPa at room temperature (20 ℃), putting the hydrogen into a water bath heater together after the pressure is stable, heating to 30 ℃, observing the pressure change in the solid-state hydrogen storage device through a pressure gauge, heating to 40 ℃ after the pressure is stable, continuing heating to 50 ℃ after the pressure is stable, and increasing the pressure in the solid-state hydrogen storage device to 3.578MPa at 30 ℃, 4.167MPa at 40 ℃ and 4.889MPa at 50 ℃ along with the temperature change as shown by a curve in figure 2.
The comparison result shows that the solid hydrogen storage device without the multifunctional gas storage tank increases the pressure in the tank to 11.812MPa which is close to 4 times of the initial pressure after the temperature is increased to 50 ℃, the wall thickness of the internal hydrogen storage tank body needs to be greatly increased to ensure the system safety so as to avoid leakage and explosion risks, and meanwhile, the service life of system parts is possibly influenced by high pressure; after the multifunctional gas storage tank is added, the pressure is obviously reduced along with the rising trend of the temperature, the pressure is only increased to 4.889MPa at 50 ℃, the design wall thickness of the inner tank body of the solid-state hydrogen storage device can be greatly reduced, and the service life of the system is prolonged.
Example 2
Will the utility model discloses a driving system carries out high temperature simulation environmental test. Firstly, the solid hydrogen storage device for experiments and the multifunctional gas storage tank are connected in series, a one-way valve is added between the solid hydrogen storage device and the multifunctional gas storage tank, and the direction of the one-way valve is that gas is unidirectionally supplied from the solid hydrogen storage device to the multifunctional gas storage tank. Charging hydrogen to 3MPa at room temperature (20 ℃), cooling by using low-temperature circulating antifreeze liquid after the air pressure is stable, and measuring the pressure change in the solid hydrogen storage device and the multifunctional gas storage tank body through two pressure gauges respectively. Due to the existence of the one-way valve, when the air pressure is reduced, the hydrogen in the multifunctional air storage tank cannot reversely flow into the solid-state hydrogen storage device, namely, the pressure in the solid-state hydrogen storage device and the pressure in the multifunctional air storage tank are relatively independent in the process. Cooling to 10 deg.C, cooling to 0 deg.C after pressure is stabilized, cooling to-10 deg.C after pressure is stabilized, cooling to-20 deg.C after pressure is stabilized, and the pressure in the solid-state hydrogen storage device is reduced to 2.092MPa at 10 deg.C, 1.411MPa at 0 deg.C, 0.913MPa at-10 deg.C, and 0.572MPa at-20 deg.C, as shown by the curve in FIG. 3; the pressure inside the multifunctional gas storage tank changes along with the temperature, as shown in the curve in fig. 3, the pressure in the tank is reduced to 2.721MPa at 10 ℃, 2.433MPa at 0 ℃, 2.135MPa at-10 ℃ and 1.969MPa at-20 ℃.
And then releasing 70% of hydrogen from the solid-state hydrogen storage device, reserving 30% of residual hydrogen storage amount, measuring that the pressure is 2.621MPa at room temperature (20 ℃) after the pressure is stable, cooling by using low-temperature circulating antifreeze liquid after the air pressure is stable to 10 ℃, measuring the pressure change in the solid-state hydrogen storage device by a pressure gauge, cooling to 0 ℃ after the pressure is stable, continuing cooling to-10 ℃ after the pressure is stable, continuing cooling to-20 ℃ after the pressure is stable, wherein the pressure in the solid-state hydrogen storage device is changed along with the temperature as shown by a curve in figure 3, the pressure in the device is reduced to 1.592MPa at 10 ℃, the pressure in the device is reduced to 0.436MPa at 0 ℃, and the pressure in the device is reduced to below 0.001MPa at-10 ℃.
The comparison result shows that if the solid hydrogen storage device without the multifunctional gas storage tank is in a full hydrogen state, the pressure in the tank is still 0.572MPa after the temperature is reduced to-20 ℃, and the starting pressure of the fuel cell is only higher than 0.2MPa, so the fuel cell can still be started in a low-temperature environment. However, when the hydrogen storage capacity in the solid-state hydrogen storage device is 30%, the hydrogen storage capacity is reduced to nearly 0MPa at-10 ℃, and hydrogen cannot be provided for the fuel cell, and at the moment, the hydrogen in the multifunctional gas storage tank is prevented from flowing back to the solid-state hydrogen storage device due to the existence of the one-way valve, and the total hydrogen in the tank is unchanged, so that the gas pressure can be kept at 1.969MPa at-20 ℃, and sufficient starting hydrogen can be provided for the fuel cell.
The embodiment 1-2 shows that the multifunctional gas storage tank is arranged between the solid-state hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell, after the temperature is raised to 50 ℃, the pressure is relatively gentle along with the temperature rise, and the maximum temperature rise pressure is not higher than 5MPa, so that the thickness of the tank body is not required to be additionally increased to ensure the safety of the system, the design thickness of the solid-state hydrogen storage system can be greatly reduced, and the service life of the system is prolonged; in the hydrogen full state, after the temperature is reduced to-20 ℃, the pressure in the solid hydrogen storage device is still higher than the starting pressure of the fuel cell, but in the state that the hydrogen storage is less than or equal to 30%, after the temperature is reduced to-10 ℃, the pressure of the hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage device is already lower than the starting pressure of the fuel cell, and when the temperature of the multifunctional gas storage tank is-20 ℃, the pressure of the hydrogen in the tank is still close to 2MPa, so that sufficient hydrogen can be provided for the starting of the fuel cell.
Therefore, when the engine is shut down in an environment with excessively low temperature in winter, the one-way valve can prevent the solid-state hydrogen storage device from reversely absorbing hydrogen, and when the pressure in the solid-state hydrogen storage device is excessively low due to insufficient hydrogen storage amount during low-temperature starting, the hydrogen in the multifunctional gas storage tank can enable the fuel cell to be quickly started; when the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage device excessively rises in hot weather or heating misoperation in summer, the multifunctional gas storage tank can share the system pressure, so that the wall thickness of the tank body is reduced, and the weight hydrogen storage density is improved.
Claims (3)
1. An all-weather quick-response solid hydrogen storage fuel cell power system is characterized by comprising a solid hydrogen storage device (1), a multifunctional gas storage tank (3) and a fuel cell device, wherein the fuel cell device comprises a hydrogen pipeline (5), a fuel cell (6), a circulating water pump (7), a cold water pipeline (9) and a hot water pipeline (8); one end of the multifunctional gas storage tank (3) is connected with the solid hydrogen storage device (1) through a pipeline provided with a one-way valve (2), the other end of the multifunctional gas storage tank (3) is connected with the fuel cell (6) through a hydrogen pipeline (5), and the hydrogen pipeline (5) is provided with an electromagnetic valve (4); the fuel cell (6) is connected with the solid hydrogen storage device (1) through a cold water pipeline (9) and a hot water pipeline (8), and a circulating water pump (7) is installed on the hot water pipeline (8).
2. The all-weather, fast-responding solid state hydrogen storage fuel cell power system according to claim 1, characterized in that a first pressure gauge (10) is installed on the pipe between the check valve (2) and the solid state hydrogen storage device (1); a second pressure gauge (11) and a third pressure gauge (12) are arranged on the hydrogen pipeline (5), the second pressure gauge (11) is positioned between the multifunctional gas storage tank (3) and the electromagnetic valve (4), and the third pressure gauge (12) is positioned between the fuel cell (6) and the electromagnetic valve (4).
3. The all-weather, fast-responding solid-state hydrogen storage fuel cell power system according to claim 1, wherein the one-way valve (2) is oriented to flow one-way from the solid-state hydrogen storage device (1) into the multi-functional gas storage tank (3).
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114122467A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-03-01 | 西安交通大学 | Hydrogen energy power supply device and power supply method for hydrogen storage material hydrolysis hydrogen supply through normal-low temperature self-starting |
| CN114566679A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-05-31 | 内蒙古潮科气体科技有限公司 | All-weather quick-response solid-state hydrogen storage system for fuel cell |
| CN114122467B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2024-05-24 | 西安交通大学 | Hydrogen energy power supply device and method for hydrogen supply by hydrolysis of hydrogen storage material and normal low-temperature self-starting |
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2020
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114122467A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-03-01 | 西安交通大学 | Hydrogen energy power supply device and power supply method for hydrogen storage material hydrolysis hydrogen supply through normal-low temperature self-starting |
| CN114122467B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2024-05-24 | 西安交通大学 | Hydrogen energy power supply device and method for hydrogen supply by hydrolysis of hydrogen storage material and normal low-temperature self-starting |
| CN114566679A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-05-31 | 内蒙古潮科气体科技有限公司 | All-weather quick-response solid-state hydrogen storage system for fuel cell |
| CN114566679B (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-10-24 | 内蒙古潮科气体科技有限公司 | All-weather fast response solid-state hydrogen storage system for fuel cell |
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