CN213935340U

CN213935340U - Chromosome model and cutting die for manufacturing centromere chromosome model

Info

Publication number: CN213935340U
Application number: CN202120015028.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈绍洲; 李文彬
Original assignee: Haifeng Pengpai Middle School
Current assignee: Haifeng Pengpai Middle School
Priority date: 2021-01-05
Filing date: 2021-01-05
Publication date: 2021-08-10
Anticipated expiration: 2031-01-05

Abstract

The utility model provides a chromosome model, including well kinetochore chromosome model, staple and magnet, the afterbody of well kinetochore chromosome model passes through the staple is fixed together, and can rotate relatively to the staple respectively, magnet adsorbs on the staple, the utility model provides a chromosome model, with low costs, can make in batches in the workshop of working alone, the chromosome model is pleasing to the eye, unifies, standardizes; can be used for many times, and basically does not pollute the environment; if the chromosome is damaged, the chromosome can be reassembled, genes and deoxynucleotide chains can be marked on the chromosome model by a pencil, and the chromosome model can be modified for many times by an eraser; the two arms of the chromosome model can freely rotate; chromosome replication behavior can be simulated; the behavior that the centromere is divided into two parts and moves to the two poles of the cell under the traction of the spindle yarn can be displayed; the quantitative relationship of chromosome and DNA can be presented, and the separation of homologous chromosomes and the free combination of non-homologous chromosomes can be simulated.

Description

Chromosome model and cutting die for manufacturing centromere chromosome model

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a teaching tool especially relates to a chromosome model, still provides a cutting die that is arranged in the preparation centromere chromosome model simultaneously.

Background

The modern explanation for observing or establishing cell mitosis, meiosis models and mendelian genetic rules is a life science concept which is required to be understood by high school students in the standard of common high school biology courses: cell proliferation and genetic information control biological characters, and passage through generations and necessary teaching activities. The chromosome model provided by the teaching edition 'ordinary high school textbook biology, must repair, heredity and evolution' is made of plasticine as a material, and has a plurality of defects, so that development of the teaching activities is restricted to influence the cultivation of core literacy 'scientific exploration and scientific experiment'.

The study of academic journals on chromosome models or the chromosome models popular in the market also have more or less defects, and are not really applied to the high school biology teaching activities of ' cell mitosis, meiosis model and mendelian genetic law ' modern explanation on the essence on a large scale '.

The existing chromosome model generally takes plastics, soft magnetic sheets, single-core wires, plasticine, ultralight clay, paper sheets, iron wires, hair root wires and the like as main materials, and auxiliary materials comprise small annular magnets, transparent adhesive tapes, snap fasteners and magnets with longer diameters (the diameter is about 1.0-1.5 cm).

The plastic chromosome model is produced specially by a factory, the cost is high, and genes cannot be marked on the chromosome and the chromosome replication cannot be simulated; the chromosome model made of the soft magnetic sheet and the snap button loses magnetism due to multiple times of use, is troublesome to make, has high cost, needs to use a water-based pen to mark genes and the like; the single-core electric wire, iron wire and hair root line chromosome models can not be always kept in a fixed state, are easy to deform and can not be adsorbed on a white board to carry out teaching demonstration on students in the whole class; the plasticine and the ultralight clay chromosome model can not be used for multiple times, waste materials pollute the environment due to one-time use, and centromere of chromosomes is difficult to simulate; the paper chromosome model cannot be adsorbed on a white board for teaching demonstration to students in a whole class because reasonable auxiliary materials are not used, and is not attractive due to manual manufacturing, a unified model is not available, and the teaching effectiveness is influenced because the non-homologous chromosomes are not obviously distinguished due to errors in manual manufacturing, the manufacturing time is long and the like.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the utility model provides a chromosome model and a cutting die for manufacturing the centromere chromosome model, the cost of the production paper chromosome model is low, the chromosome model can be manufactured in batches in individual workshops, and the chromosome model is beautiful, unified and standardized; can be used for many times, and basically does not pollute the environment; if the chromosome is damaged, the chromosome can be reassembled, genes and deoxynucleotide chains can be marked on the chromosome model by a pencil, and the chromosome model can be modified for many times by an eraser; the two arms of the chromosome model can freely rotate; the chromosome replication behavior can be simulated, and the behavior that the centromere is divided into two parts and moves to the two poles of the cell under the traction of the spindle yarn can be displayed; the number relation of the chromosome and the DNA can be presented; the separation of homologous chromosomes and the free combination of non-homologous chromosomes can be simulated. The paperboard chromosome models with the same size and different colors represent homologous chromosomes, the paperboard chromosome models with different sizes represent non-homologous chromosomes, caps of two pins represent centromeres, and magnets can enable the copied sister chromosomes to be connected together and be easily separated.

In order to realize the purpose of the utility model, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

a chromosome model comprises a centromere chromosome model, fixing nails and magnets, wherein centromere areas of the centromere chromosome model in centromere are fixed together through the fixing nails and can respectively rotate relative to the fixing nails, and the magnets are adsorbed on the fixing nails.

In one embodiment, the centromere chromosome model comprises an elliptical part and a circular part, the elliptical part and the circular part are mutually connected, a fixing hole is arranged at the center of the circular part, the circular parts of the centromere chromosome model are mutually stacked, the center points of the fixing holes on the circular parts of the centromere chromosome model are arranged in a collinear way, and the fixing nail is arranged in the fixing hole of the circular part to connect the centromere chromosome model.

In one embodiment, the fixing nail is a two-pin nail, the two-pin nail comprises a top cap and two nail legs, the upper ends of the two nail legs are respectively connected with the lower surface of the top cap, the two nail legs are respectively inserted into the fixing holes and respectively bent outwards, and the magnet is arranged between the two nail legs.

In one embodiment, the major axis of the elliptical portion is 40 mm or 65 mm, the minor axis is 20 mm, the diameter of the circular portion is equal to 20 mm, the diameter of the fixing hole is 4 to 8 mm, and the circular portion is connected with one end of the major axis of the elliptical portion.

In one embodiment, the connection between the elliptical portion and the circular portion is partially overlapped.

In one embodiment, the overlapping distance of the connection of the elliptical portion and the circular portion is 2 mm.

In one embodiment, the length of the legs is 8 mm.

In one embodiment, the diameter of a gap between the two nail legs after being respectively bent outwards is smaller than that of the magnet.

In one embodiment, the magnet is cylindrical with a diameter of 4 mm and a thickness of 2 mm.

The utility model discloses still provide a be arranged in making above-mentioned arbitrary the cutting die of well centromere chromosome model in the chromosome model, the cutting die includes oval portion and circular portion, circular portion with the one end of the major axis of oval portion is connected, the central point of circular portion puts and is provided with the through-hole, the major axis of oval portion is 40 millimeters or 65 millimeters, minor axis are 20 millimeters, the diameter of circular portion equals 20 millimeters, the diameter of through-hole is 4 to 8 millimeters, oval portion with the overlap distance of the junction of circular portion is 2 millimeters.

Compared with the prior art, the chromosome model provided by the utility model has low cost, can be manufactured in batches in workshops, and is beautiful, unified and standardized; can be used for many times, and basically does not pollute the environment; if the chromosome is damaged, the chromosome can be reassembled, genes and deoxynucleotide chains can be marked on the chromosome model by a pencil, and the chromosome model can be modified for many times by an eraser; the two arms of the chromosome model can freely rotate; chromosome replication behavior can be simulated; the behavior that the centromere is divided into two parts and moves to the two poles of the cell under the traction of the spindle yarn can be displayed; the quantitative relation of chromosomes and DNA can be presented, the separation of homologous chromosomes and the free combination of non-homologous chromosomes can be simulated, paperboard chromosome models with the same size and different colors represent homologous chromosomes, paperboard chromosome models with different sizes represent non-homologous chromosomes, nails with two pins represent centromeres, and magnets can enable the copied sister chromosomes to be connected together and be easily separated.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a centromere chromosome model in the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a chromosome model structure when 1 DNA molecule is contained in the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a chromosome model structure when the present invention contains 2 DNA molecules;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutting die for manufacturing a centromere chromosome model according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.

In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature may be directly on or directly under the second feature or indirectly via intermediate members. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

As shown in fig. 1-3;

a chromosome model comprises a centromere chromosome model 1, fixing nails and magnets 3, wherein the tail parts of the centromere chromosome model 1 are fixed together through the fixing nails and can rotate relative to the fixing nails respectively, and the magnets 3 are adsorbed on the fixing nails.

In the present embodiment, the centromere chromosome model 1 includes an elliptical portion 11 and a circular portion 13, the elliptical portion 11 and the circular portion 13 are connected with each other, a fixing hole 12 is provided at the center of the circular portion 13, the circular portions 13 of the centromere chromosome model 1 are stacked on each other, the center points of the fixing holes 12 on the circular portions 13 are arranged in line, and a fixing pin is provided in the fixing hole 12 of the circular portion 13 to connect the centromere chromosome models 1.

In this embodiment, the staple is two feet nail 2, and two feet nail 2 includes hood and two nail feet 21, and the upper end of two nail feet 21 is connected with the lower surface of hood respectively, and two nail feet 21 insert respectively in fixed orifices 12, and outwards bend respectively, and magnet 3 sets up between two nail feet 21.

Preferably, the major axis of the elliptical portion 11 is 40 mm or 65 mm, the minor axis is 20 mm, the diameter of the circular portion 13 is equal to 20 mm, the diameter of the fixing hole 12 is 4 to 8 mm, preferably 6 mm, and the circular portion 13 is connected to one end of the major axis of the elliptical portion 11.

In the present embodiment, the junction of the elliptical portion 11 and the circular portion 13 partially overlaps.

Preferably, the overlap distance at the junction of the elliptical portion 11 and the circular portion 13 is 2 mm.

In the present embodiment, the length of the leg 21 is 8 mm.

In the present embodiment, the diameter of the gap between the two legs 21 after being bent outward is smaller than the diameter of the magnet 3.

Preferably, the magnet 3 is cylindrical with a diameter of 4 mm and a thickness of 2 mm.

As shown in fig. 4, the utility model also provides a be arranged in making the aforesaid a chromosome model in the middle of the centromere chromosome model's cutting die, the cutting die includes oval portion and circular portion, circular portion is connected with the one end of the major axis of oval portion, the central point of circular portion puts and is provided with the through-hole, the major axis of oval portion is 40 millimeters or 65 millimeters, the minor axis is 20 millimeters, the diameter of circular portion equals 20 millimeters, the diameter of through-hole is 4 to 8 millimeters, the overlap distance of oval portion and the junction of circular portion is 2 millimeters.

The utility model provides a manufacturing process of chromosome model does:

1. designing a chromosome model cutting die, as shown in fig. 4: a small cutting die: the diameter of the circular part is 20 mm, the diameter of a through hole on the circular part is 6 mm, the major axis of the elliptical part is 40 mm, and the minor axis of the elliptical part is 20 mm; the circular part and the elliptical part are overlapped by 2 mm;

big cutting die: the diameter of the circular part is 20 mm, the diameter of a through hole on the circular part is 6 mm, the major axis of the elliptical part is 65 mm, and the minor axis of the elliptical part is 20 mm; the circular part and the elliptical part are overlapped by 2 mm;

2. customizing a chromosome model cutting die: the cutting die is manufactured by a professional cutting die manufacturer, and 5 cutting dies are respectively manufactured for the big cutting die and the small cutting die;

3. centromere chromosome model in production: an embossing machine of A5 model is matched with a medium centromere chromosome cutting die to produce a centromere chromosome model 1 in the color paperboard. The A5 color cardboard and the big and small cutting dies are arranged in order and reasonably placed, the color cardboard and the big and small cutting dies are put into an embossing machine of A5 model, and five centromere chromosome models 1 in big and small sizes can be produced at one time by manually rotating the handles of the embossing machine, as shown in figure 1;

4. assembling a chromosome model: two red small and medium centromere chromosome models 1 are overlapped together, the two red small and medium centromere chromosome models are aligned to a fixing hole 12 where a centromere area is located, two pins 2 penetrate through the fixing hole 12, the pins 21 of the two pins 2 are slightly separated, one round magnet 3 is inserted into a screw cap, the size of the magnet 3 is 4 mm in diameter, the thickness of the magnet is 2 mm, and the magnet 3 and the screw cap are firmly fixed together due to the strong adsorption effect of the magnet 3; the two nail feet 21 are cut off by scissors by about 8 mm, the nail feet 21 are originally about 15 mm long, and the two cut nail feet 21 are slightly folded in opposite directions; the space exposed after the two nail feet 21 are folded is preferably smaller than the diameter of the small magnet 3, the magnet 3 is slightly clamped to ensure that the magnet 3 cannot fall off from the nail when the separation of the simulated centromere is ensured, and simultaneously, the centromere chromosome model 1 can be fixed and can be rotated preferably, so that the chromosome model containing 1 DNA molecule is successfully manufactured, as shown in figure 2.

According to the above steps, two chromosome model magnets of the same color are arranged to face each other, and a chromosome model containing 2 DNA molecules is prepared by the adsorption force of the magnet 3, as shown in FIG. 3.

Through the utility model provides a pair of chromosome model can simulate cell division chromosome action: according to the requirement of teaching activities, the number of the chromosome models can be selected to be suitable for free simulation. To simulate centromere division and sister chromosome segregation, a chromosome model containing 2 DNA molecules is separated.

The color card paper chromosome model and the chromosome model cutting die are matched for use, and a plurality of defects in the background technology can be perfectly solved. The color card paper, the magnet 3, the two-pin nail 2 and the embossing machine can be purchased easily, and the cutting die for manufacturing the centromere chromosome in the color card paper can be customized easily. With the knife model, the unified, beautiful and standardized centromere chromosome model 1 in the color card paper can be easily produced in batches, students can assemble the centromere chromosome model only by simple training, and once the centromere chromosome model is successfully assembled, the centromere chromosome model can be used for multiple times and also can be assembled by professional unification of teachers.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only represent some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A chromosome model is characterized by comprising a centromere chromosome model, fixing nails and magnets, wherein the tails of the centromere chromosome model are fixed together through the fixing nails and can respectively rotate relative to the fixing nails, and the magnets are adsorbed on the fixing nails.

2. The chromosome model according to claim 1, wherein the centromere chromosome model comprises an elliptical part and a circular part, the elliptical part and the circular part are connected with each other, a fixing hole is arranged at the center of the circular part, the circular parts of the centromere chromosome model are stacked on each other, the center points of the fixing holes on the circular parts are arranged in a collinear way, and the fixing nail is arranged in the fixing hole of the circular part to connect the centromere chromosome model.

3. The chromosome model according to claim 2, wherein the fixing nail is a two-pin nail, the two-pin nail comprises a top cap and two nail legs, the upper ends of the two nail legs are respectively connected with the lower surface of the top cap, the two nail legs are respectively inserted into the fixing holes and respectively bent outwards, and the magnet is arranged between the two nail legs.

4. The chromosome model of claim 3, wherein the major axis of the elliptical part is 40 mm or 65 mm, the minor axis is 20 mm, the diameter of the circular part is equal to 20 mm, the diameter of the fixing hole is 4 to 8 mm, and the circular part is connected with one end of the major axis of the elliptical part.

5. A chromosome model according to claim 4, wherein the junction of the elliptical portion and the circular portion partially overlaps.

6. A chromosome model according to claim 5, wherein the junction of the elliptical portion and the circular portion overlaps by a distance of 2 mm.

7. A chromosome model as claimed in claim 6, wherein the length of the legs is 8 mm.

8. The chromosome model of claim 7, wherein the diameter of the gap between the two legs after bending outwards is smaller than the diameter of the magnet.

9. The chromosome model of claim 8, wherein the magnet is cylindrical with a diameter of 4 mm and a thickness of 2 mm.

10. A cutting die for manufacturing a centromere chromosome model in a chromosome model according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the cutting die comprises an elliptical portion and a circular portion, the circular portion is connected with one end of a long axis of the elliptical portion, a through hole is arranged at a central position of the circular portion, the long axis of the elliptical portion is 40 mm or 65 mm, the short axis of the elliptical portion is 20 mm, the diameter of the circular portion is equal to 20 mm, the diameter of the through hole is 4 to 8 mm, and an overlapping distance at a connection position of the elliptical portion and the circular portion is 2 mm.