CN213908496U

CN213908496U - Atomizing device and electron cigarette

Info

Publication number: CN213908496U
Application number: CN202021437306.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 钟术光
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-07-18
Filing date: 2020-07-18
Publication date: 2021-08-10
Anticipated expiration: 2030-07-18

Abstract

The invention relates to an atomization device and an electronic cigarette, which comprise a porous body mainly or basically consisting of a porous solid metal material and a solid non-metal material which is basically chemically inert and slightly soluble and is used for macroscopically and basically wrapping the metal material. The device has good or enhanced performance, such as good or enhanced mechanical properties, or/and durability (resistance to damage caused by acid-base, oxidation, high temperature and humidity, cold and heat changes, vibration, etc.), or/and storage and/or transport properties (higher porosity); the electronic cigarette can be used for electronic cigarettes, does not cause great change of taste or mouthfeel of the electronic cigarettes, namely, does not bring or permeate foreign matters into the stored substances, and is chemically friendly to the stored substances.

Description

Atomizing device and electron cigarette

[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device

The present invention relates to a device for the storable and/or deliverable (aerosol or vaporous) delivery of a substance with improved properties. More particularly, the invention relates to a device for storing and/or (aerosol or vapourisation) delivering substances for electronic cigarettes, which is mechanically and chemically friendly to the stored liquid.

[ background of the invention ]

The electronic cigarette is an electronic product simulating a cigarette, and nicotine and the like are converted into steam by means of atomization and the like, so that the steam can be sucked by a user, and the function similar to that of the traditional cigarette is realized. The existing electronic cigarette mainly comprises: battery and control assembly, atomizer and cartridge etc.. The atomizer comprises a heating body, and the heating body atomizes the tobacco juice contained in the tobacco cartridge under the power supply of the battery pack for the user to suck. The existing electronic cigarette needs to be continuously replaced in the using process, and not only needs to carry the cigarette cartridge at any time, but also increases the cost of the electronic cigarette.

Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, an improvement of the porous ceramic has been proposed. The atomizer in the scheme is composed of porous ceramics for storing smoke liquid, a part for generating smoke by heating and the like. For example, W02017149288 and chinese utility model patent CN 207969655U mention a new type of liquid storage device, which uses porous material to store liquid, and the device uses porous material to prepare different shapes of storage devices to store liquid in the pores. The porous material comprises a ceramic material and a metal material. The ceramic material has the advantages of good liquid storage and flow guide performance (high porosity), chemical friendliness to stored liquid, good chemical stability, no oxidation or degradation of the stored liquid in a catalytic manner like metal, difficulty in causing great change of taste or mouthfeel of the electronic cigarette, and particularly obvious defects under high-temperature conditions: the material is not durable, has poor mechanical properties, is easy to crack or break, and is difficult to be practically applied particularly when the porosity is high; among the advantages of metallic materials are relatively good mechanical properties, not easy to break or chip, but possibly softer and more deformable, in addition to some important disadvantages: the present invention relates to a method for producing an electronic cigarette, and more particularly, to a method for producing an electronic cigarette, which is not chemically friendly to a storage liquid, deteriorates the chemical stability of the storage liquid, catalyzes the oxidation or degradation thereof (particularly under high temperature conditions), brings foreign substances such as oxidation or degradation products into the storage liquid, and at the same time, is susceptible to chemical attack by acids, alkalis, oxygen, water, etc. in the storage liquid and/or air, etc., deteriorates the durability thereof, and infiltrates foreign substances such as metal ions and/or metal oxides into the storage liquid, which may cause significant changes in the taste or texture of the electronic cigarette, thus severely limiting the use thereof in devices for storing and/or (smoke, aerosol, or vapor) transporting substances.

Therefore, there is a need for a porous liquid storage device that has improved performance, is durable, is chemically friendly to the stored liquid, does not catalyze the oxidation or degradation of the stored liquid (particularly under high temperature conditions), does not introduce or penetrate foreign substances into the stored liquid, does not significantly change the taste or mouthfeel of the e-cigarette, and can be widely used in e-cigarettes.

[ Utility model ] content

The invention aims to provide a porous liquid storage device which has improved or good performance, is durable (is resistant to damage caused by acid-base, oxidation, high temperature and humidity, cold and heat change, vibration and the like), has good liquid absorption and flow conductivity (high porosity), is chemically friendly to stored liquid, does not catalyze the oxidation or degradation of the stored liquid (particularly under high-temperature conditions), does not bring or permeate foreign matters into the stored liquid, and does not cause great change of taste or mouthfeel of electronic cigarettes, and can be widely applied to electronic cigarettes.

The inventors have surprisingly found that covering the surface of a porous metal material with a layer of solid non-metallic material, such as a ceramic material or a geopolymer material or a heat-resistant plastic, not only improves the properties of the porous metal material and/or its coating material, and improves or improves its properties (such as durability (against damage caused by acid, alkali, oxidation, high temperature, high humidity, cold and heat changes, vibration, etc.), mechanical properties), and has good liquid absorption and drainage properties (higher porosity), but also is chemically friendly to the stored liquid, does not catalyze the oxidation or degradation of the stored liquid (particularly under high temperature conditions), does not introduce or permeate foreign substances into the stored liquid, and does not significantly change the taste or mouthfeel of the electronic cigarette, thereby making it possible to be widely used. On this basis, the present inventors have completed the present invention.

The present invention relates to a porous device (hereinafter "porous device") for storing and/or delivering substances (smoke or aerosol or vapourisation) which is porous and which consists essentially or essentially of a porous solid metallic material and an essentially chemically inert and poorly soluble solid non-metallic material which essentially macroscopically encapsulates the metallic material (e.g. has good or enhanced mechanical properties, or/and durability (e.g. resistance to damage by acids and bases, oxidation, high temperature and humidity, cold and heat variations, vibration, etc.), or/and storage and/or delivery properties (higher porosity), and which is useful in e-cigarettes without significant changes in taste or mouthfeel of e-cigarettes (i.e. without introducing or penetrating foreign substances into the stored substance, which are chemically friendly to the stored substance).

The term "solid" means that the metallic and non-metallic materials are or remain substantially in a solid state at ambient temperature and pressure and during storage and/or transportation of the substance.

The term "substantially macroscopically enveloping the metal material" as used herein means that the solid non-metal material substantially envelops the metal material, and the metal material is substantially invisible to the naked eye, but in some specific cases, the solid non-metal material is porous, and the surface of the partially fine non-enveloped metal material is observed by means of microscopic means such as a microscope or a high magnification magnifier, and the sum of the surfaces of the non-enveloped metal materials depends on the average pore size and the size of the porosity of the porous solid non-metal material. Therefore, the surface of the metal material is preferably coated with a layer of dense solid nonmetal material film, and more preferably, the metal material is further coated with a layer of porous solid nonmetal material.

The term "substantially chemically inert" as used herein refers to the solid non-metallic material, and preferably also the solid metallic material, substantially free or difficult to chemically react with the substance being stored and/or transported and with substances in the environment with which it comes into contact, such as air or moisture, at ambient temperatures and pressures and while the substance is being stored and/or transported.

The term "sparingly soluble" as used herein means that the solid non-metallic material is sparingly soluble or substantially insoluble in a substance to be stored and/or delivered at ambient temperature and pressure.

The invention also relates to a preparation method of the porous device, which comprises the following steps:

1) preparing the above porous metal material (by the following-mentioned related method);

2) coating one or more layers of the above-mentioned non-metallic material or its precursor on the surface of the above-mentioned porous metallic material, for example, immersing the porous metallic material (completely) into the dispersion or sol or solution of the precursor of the above-mentioned non-metallic material (such as ceramic precursor (such as its dispersion or sol or solution) or/and geopolymer precursor (such as its dispersion or sol or solution) or/and heat-resistant plastic precursor (such as its dispersion or sol or solution)), attaching the dispersion or sol or solution of the above-mentioned precursor on the surface of the above-mentioned porous metallic material (including the surface in the metal pores), removing the solvent therefrom, or embedding the above-mentioned porous metallic material in the above-mentioned multi-layer non-metallic material or its precursor;

3) the non-metallic material or its precursor is processed (by the related method, heat treatment, hydrothermal liquid phase sintering (HLPS, as disclosed in CN 101910086A) or other known techniques mentioned below) to wrap the porous metallic material or its final stage, such as making the ceramic precursor, or/and geopolymer precursor, or/and heat-resistant plastic precursor into a ceramic film layer, or/and geopolymer film layer, or/and heat-resistant plastic film layer.

The term "precursor material" in the present invention refers to the precursor state or precursor material of the above-mentioned non-metallic material (e.g. ceramic, or/and geopolymer, or/and heat-resistant plastic, etc.) before it is processed to form the above-mentioned cladding.

Preferably, the non-metallic material has high mechanical strength (e.g., compressive strength). In this regard, by "high mechanical strength" material we also include when about 1 kg force per square centimeter (0.098MPa), such as about 5 kg force per square centimeter (0.49MPa), such as about 7.5 kg force per square centimeter, such as about 10.0 kg force per square centimeter, preferably about 15 kg force per square centimeter, is applied using conventional mechanical strength testing techniques known to the skilled person (e.g. using the so-called "compression test" or "radial compression test", using a suitable instrument, such as the instrument produced by Instron ("Instron test", wherein a sample is compressed, deformation under various loads is recorded, compressive stress and strain are calculated, and a stress-strain diagram is drawn which is used to determine the elastic limit, the proportional limit, the yield point, the yield strength and, for some materials) the compressive strength), more preferably about 20 kgf/cm, such as about 50 kgf/cm, especially about 100 kgf/cm or even about 125 kgf/cm (12.25MPa), the carrier material pore network structure maintains its overall integrity (e.g., shape, size, porosity, etc.). The mechanical strength is also typically no greater than about 2040 kgf/square centimeter (200MPa), as materials with very high mechanical strength may not have sufficient porosity to enable a sufficient amount of deliverable agent to be incorporated therein. Thus, in embodiments, the mechanical strength is less than about 200MPa, preferably less than about 100 MPa.

Preferably, the non-metallic material is, for example, a ceramic material or/and a geopolymer material or/and a (heat-resistant) plastic.

Preferably, the non-metallic material, such as a ceramic material or a geopolymer material or a heat resistant plastic, is also porous.

The average pore diameter of the porous metal material or/and the porous non-metal material is usually 0.01 to 1000 μm, preferably 0.01 to 500 μm, more preferably 0.05 to 200 μm, more preferably 0.05 to 100 μm, more preferably 0.05 to 30 μm, more preferably 0.1 to 10 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 5 μm, most preferably 0.5 to 3 μm.

The porosity of the porous metal material or/and the porous non-metal material is at least 10% (by volume, the same applies hereinafter), preferably, the porosity is about 20% to about 95%, more preferably, about 30% to about 75%, and most preferably, about 40% to about 65%.

Preferably, the overall porosity of the "porous device" is from about 10% to about 95%, more preferably from about 20% to about 90%, more preferably from about 30% to about 80%, and most preferably from about 40% to about 70%.

The weight of the non-metallic material is usually not more than 30 times the weight of the porous metallic material, preferably 0.0005 to 10 times the weight of the porous metallic material, more preferably 0.005 to 3 times the weight of the porous metallic material, more preferably 0.01 to 2 times the weight of the porous metallic material, and most preferably 0.02 to 1 times the weight of the porous metallic material.

Preferably, the "porous device" further comprises a (inner or/and outer) support body or (inner or/and outer) connecting body, wherein the material of the support body or the connecting body comprises a metal material, a ceramic material or a geopolymer material or a heat-resistant plastic material, (the support body or the connecting body is used for supporting or connecting the solid metal material and/or the solid nonmetal material so as to enhance the mechanical property of the "porous device" and stabilize the structure of the "porous device").

Preferably, the support or the connector is porous, and the pore diameter and the porosity of the support or the connector are in the same range as those of the porous metal material or/and the porous non-metal material.

Preferably, the porous metal material is preferably an embodiment with very high effective pores (usually, a part of pores in most embodiments are not open to the outside or cannot be communicated with the outside or are not effective pores), the porous metal material is mainly or substantially constructed by a porous thin metal sheet or thin metal strip or thin metal screen, the thickness of the thin metal sheet or thin metal strip or thin metal screen is usually 0.05 to 1000 or 2000 μm (preferably 0.5 to 500 μm, more preferably 1 to 200 μm, more preferably 1 to 100 μm, most preferably 1 to 30 μm), the pore size of the pores in the thin metal sheet or thin metal strip or thin metal screen is usually 0.05 to 1000 or 2000 μm (preferably 0.1 to 500 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 200 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 100 μm, most preferably 0.5 to 30 μm), wherein the distance between adjacent thin metal sheets or thin metal strips or thin metal screens is usually 0.05 to 2000 μm (preferably 0.05 to 2000 μm) 0.5 to 500 μm, preferably 0.5 to 200 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 100 μm, most preferably 0.5 to 30 μm). Preferably, the side holes of the thin metal sheet or strip or screen are substantially straight, such as by drilling (e.g., laser drilling, mechanical punching) or three-dimensional printing. Preferably, the center distance of the adjacent holes of the thin metal sheet or the thin metal strip or the thin metal screen is usually 1.001 to 20 times (preferably 1.01 to 10 times, more preferably 1.05 to 5 times, still more preferably 1.1 to 3 times, most preferably 1.2 to 2 times) of the half-aperture sum of the adjacent holes.

The porous metal material can be constructed by, but not limited to, enclosing (e.g., multiple spiral enclosing) (tube, column, block, etc., fig. 2, 3, 4), folding (column, block, etc., fig. 5, 6), stacking (column, block, etc., fig. 7, 8, 9), and bundling (tube, column, block, etc., fig. 10-14).

Preferably, the porous metal material is constructed substantially as a column or block, such as a cylinder, a square column and/or block, a rectangular parallelepiped, a corrugated column and/or block, and the like.

Preferably, the porous metal material is a mesh body mainly or substantially woven from (relatively thin) metal wires (the diameter of the metal wires is usually 0.05 to 1000 or 2000 μm, preferably 0.5 to 500 μm, more preferably 1 to 200 μm, still more preferably 1 to 100 μm, most preferably 1 to 30 μm), and the length or/and width or/and height of the mesh is usually 0.05 μm to 1cm, preferably 0.05 μm to 2mm, still more preferably 0.05 to 1000 μm, still more preferably 0.5 to 500 μm, still more preferably 1 to 200 μm, still more preferably 1 to 100 μm, most preferably 1 to 30 μm.

Description of the drawings:

fig. 1 shows a porous metal material construction method: a pore-forming schematic diagram;

fig. 2 is a porous metal material: the construction mode of the reticular metal sheet is as follows: a building enclosing schematic diagram;

fig. 3 is a porous metal material: the construction mode of the reticular metal sheet is as follows: building (the bottom of each side is provided with 2 crossed supporting bodies or connecting bodies);

fig. 4 is a porous metal material: the construction mode of the reticular metal sheet is as follows: a schematic view of a surrounding construction (2 parallel supporting bodies or connecting bodies are respectively arranged at the bottoms of two sides);

fig. 5 is a porous metal material: the construction mode of the reticular metal sheet is as follows: schematic illustration of folding (1 support or connector at bottom of both sides);

fig. 6 is a porous metal material: the construction mode of the reticular metal sheet is as follows: a schematic folding diagram;

fig. 7 is a porous metal material: the construction mode of the reticular metal sheet is as follows: a schematic overlay;

fig. 8 is a porous metal material: the construction mode of the reticular metal sheet is as follows: a schematic overlay;

fig. 9 is a porous metal material: the construction mode of the reticular metal sheet is as follows: a schematic overlay;

fig. 10 is a porous metal material: the construction mode of the reticular metal sheet is as follows: a multi-tube bundle schematic;

fig. 11 is a porous metal material: the construction mode of the reticular metal sheet is as follows: a multi-tube bundle schematic;

fig. 12 is a porous metal material: the construction mode of the reticular metal sheet is as follows: a multi-tube bundle schematic;

fig. 13 is a porous metal material: the construction mode of the reticular metal sheet is as follows: a multi-tube bundle schematic;

fig. 14 is a porous metal material: the construction mode of the reticular metal sheet is as follows: multi-tube bundle schematic.

Detailed Description

Reference to "metal" in the context of the present invention includes both pure metals and alloys (i.e., mixtures or two or more metals). Suitable metals that may be used as the porous metallic material include those that remain solid up to or above the heating temperatures used in the apparatus of the invention, e.g. above 400 c or preferably above 500 c, and are relatively chemically stable (not readily chemically reactive with oxygen or water), non-brittle, non-toxic, non-radioactive. Preferably, the metallic material is substantially chemically inert and substantially non-reactive or difficult to chemically react with the substance being stored and/or transported and with substances in the environment with which it is in contact, such as air or moisture, at ambient temperatures and pressures and at the time the substance is stored and/or transported. Particular metal materials include those based on titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, germanium, gadolinium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, gold, molybdenum, antimony, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, aluminum, palladium, silver, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, copper, zinc, platinum, hafnium, osmium, iridium, and alloys containing the foregoing metals. So-called refractory metals may also be used in view of their high heat resistance and wear resistance.

In this case, the specially selected metals and alloys that may be used include brass, stainless steel, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, platinum, zinc, and particularly include titanium, titanium alloys, nickel-chromium alloys, copper-nickel alloys, iron, steel (e.g., stainless steel), aluminum, iron-chromium-aluminum alloys.

The pore size in the metallic material can be controlled by various techniques known to the skilled person. Examples of suitable methods that can be used to form a metal substrate having a desired porosity include three-dimensional printing, chemical etching, and drilling (e.g., laser drilling, mechanical drilling, mechanically punching holes, as shown in fig. 1). 3D printing of porous solids can be achieved using conventional 3D printing equipment, and pore sizes as low as 10 μm or less can be achieved using this fabrication technique. Drilling methods to introduce porosity or increase the level of porosity in a material are known to the skilled person. Such a method may be particularly advantageous as it provides a greater degree of control over the pore size and overall porosity level in the material. Such drilling methods can be used to form holes having average sizes as low as about 30 μ or less.

Internal porosity can also be developed in metallic structures (particularly where the metallic structure is present as an electrically conductive part of an induction heating system) by a gas expansion (or foaming) process based on Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP). Porous bodies with isolated porosities typically in the range of 20-40% are obtained by these processes. When foaming is carried out in a highly reactive multicomponent powder system, such as a system subjected to self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS), porosity can develop more rapidly. The highly exothermic reaction initiated by local or global heating of the compacted powder mixture to the reaction ignition temperature results in the vaporization of the hydrous oxides on the powder surface and the release of gases dissolved in the powder. The reaction powder mixture is rapidly heated to form a liquid containing (predominantly or essentially hydrogen) gas bubbles and, when the reaction is complete, rapidly cooled, trapping the gas to form a foam. Gas formation and foam expansion can be enhanced by adding a vapor forming phase such as carbon (which burns in air to produce CO) or blowing agents that react together to raise the reaction temperature and produce fine particles that stabilize the foam. Other suitable methods known to the skilled person are disclosed in Andrew Kennedy (2012), "Porous Metals and Metal Foams Made from Powders" (pore Metals and Metal Foams mad from Powders), "Powder Metallurgy (Powder Metallurgy), doctor Katsuyoshi Kondoh (ed.).

The solid non-metallic material is preferably ceramic.

In the present invention, the term "ceramic" is understood to include compounds formed between metallic and non-metallic elements, often oxides, nitrides and carbides formed and/or processable by some form of solidification process, typically involving the action of heat. In this regard, clay materials, cements, and glasses are included in the definition of ceramics (Callister, Material Science and Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 7 th edition (2007)).

Preferably, the ceramics employed in the present invention are particularly useful based on metal oxide compounds, such as alumina or zirconia, or on metal (or metalloid or non-metal) oxides, since they cannot undergo further oxidation and therefore exhibit good stability at high temperatures.

The ceramic may also be or be based on an oxide and/or double oxide, and/or nitride and/or carbide of the elements scandium, cerium, yttrium, boron, silicon, aluminum, carbon, titanium, zirconium or tantalum or preferably any one of silicon, aluminum, carbon, titanium, zirconium or tantalum or combinations thereof. Specific materials that may be mentioned include cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, scandium oxide, aluminum oxy compounds, aluminum nitrogen compounds, titanium oxy compounds, titanium nitrogen compounds, silicon oxy compounds, silicon carbon compound layers, silicon nitrogen compounds, boron nitrogen compounds, and combinations thereof.

The above ceramic is usually obtained by sintering, i.e., a sintered ceramic. Sintered ceramics are well known to the skilled person.

After sintering has occurred and the ceramic has formed, the porous sintered ceramic may store a liquid, i.e. using a method of draining liquid by capillary forces to draw into the pores of the ceramic membrane layer in a composite storage and/or (aerosol or vapourisation) delivery device for a substance.

The ceramic may also be one or more chemically bonded ceramics. Suitable chemically bonded ceramics include non-hydrated, partially hydrated, or fully hydrated ceramics, or combinations thereof.

Chemically bonded ceramics are particularly suitable as carrier materials for storing and/or transporting substances (in aerosol or vaporized form). These carrier materials are relatively inexpensive and easy to manufacture (method as disclosed in CN 101910086A) and provide sufficient evaporation of volatile transportable storage objects (such as liquids) upon application of heat.

For the avoidance of doubt, the above-described "porous means" may comprise more than one ceramic (layer), for example a mixture comprising sintered and chemically bonded ceramics.

Non-limiting examples of sintered ceramics and chemically bonded ceramics are also based on the following medically (chemically) acceptable metal compounds including insolubility (for water and/or organic solvents): metal phosphates, metal hydroxyphosphates, metal metaphosphates, metal fluorophosphates, metal ion P207 salts, metal sulfates, metal silicates, metal metasilicates, metal metallates (metal compounds which may be regarded as being composed of two or more metal oxides, such as metal aluminates, metal metaaluminates, metal ferrites, metal metaferrites, metal titanates, metal zirconates, metal molybdates, metal homomolybdates, metal vanadates, metal metavanadates, metal chromates, metal metatromides, metal homochromates, metal ion V2O7 (pyrovanadates), metal ion Al5O12 salts, metal ion Fe5O12 salts, and the like (examples are MgAl2O4, FeAl2O4, ZnAl2O4, CaAl2O4, CoAl2O4, BaAl2O4, Y3Al5O12, Y3Fe5O12, Mg3636 3, CaTiO 72, SrTiO 363672, BaTiO 3636363636363672, FeCrTiO 2O3, CuCr3672, CuCrTiO 363672, CuCr36363672, CuCrTiO 2O 363672, CuCr36363672, CuCrTiO 2O 363672, CuCr363672, CuCr3672, CuCr36FeCl 3, CuCrO 3, CuCr3672, CuCrTiO 2O3, CuCr3672, CuCr36363672, CuCr36FeCl 3, CuCrO 3, CuCr3672, CuCrTiO 2O3, CuCr3672, a, MnFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, CoFe2O4, BaSnO3, NiMoO4, ba0.5sro.5tio3, BaTiO3, bazro.1tio.9o3, bao.87cao.13tio.88zro.12o3, etc.), metal fluorides, metal fluorophosphates, and combinations thereof, including group IIa metals, group IIb metals, group IIIb metals, group IVb metals, group Vb metals, transition metals, lanthanide metals, actinide metals, or combinations thereof, and the preferred metals include magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, scandium, titanium, vanadium, cerium, yttrium, tantalum, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, aluminum, gallium, germanium, tin, antimony, indium, silver, rhodium, ruthenium, technetium, molybdenum, neodymium, zirconium, ytterbium, lanthanum, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, palladium, iridium, gold, germanium, tin, antimony, indium, silver, platinum, titanium, zirconium, manganese, aluminum, zirconium, manganese, cerium, iron, cobalt, or combinations thereof.

Preferred chemical compositions also include those based on chemically bonded ceramics, which consume a controlled amount of water to form a network after hydration of one or more suitable precursor species.

Other useful chemically bonded ceramics are those based on aluminates and silicates, both of which consume large amounts of water. Phases such as CA2, CA3 and C12a7, and C2S and C3S (according to common cement terminology, C ═ CaO, a ═ Al2O3, SiO2 ═ S) in crystalline or amorphous states can be used, which are readily available. The calcium aluminate and/or calcium silicate phases may be used as separate phases or as a mixture of phases. The phases described above, both in non-hydrated form, act as a binder phase (cement) in the ceramic described above when hydrated. The weight ratio of liquid (water) to cement is generally in the range of 0.2 to 0.5, preferably in the range of 0.3 to 0.4.

Further materials which may be mentioned in this connection include clay minerals, such as aluminium silicate and/or aluminium silicate hydrate (crystalline or amorphous). Non-limiting examples include kaolin, dickite, halloysite, nacrite, zeolite, illite, or combinations thereof, preferably halloysite.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the ceramic is based on a ceramic formed from a self-setting ceramic. Non-limiting examples of self-setting ceramics include calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, and calcium aluminate-based materials. Specific ceramics that may be mentioned in this connection include alpha-tricalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate hemihydrate, CaOAl2O3, CaO (SiO2)3, CaO (SiO2)2 and the like.

Other ceramics that may be used include those based on sulfates such as calcium sulfate or phosphates such as calcium phosphate. Specific examples of such materials include alpha or beta phase calcium sulfate hemihydrate (finished calcium sulfate dihydrate), basic or neutral calcium phosphate (apatite), and acidic calcium phosphate (brushite).

The pore size in the ceramic can be controlled by various techniques known to the skilled person. For ceramics (and geopolymers below), control of pore size is typically achieved during the manufacture of ceramic network structures. Examples of known methods of manufacturing porous scaffolds are disclosed in Subia B, et al (2010) Biomaterial Scaffold manufacturing Techniques for Potential Tissue Engineering Applications (biomaterials Scaffold Fabrication technologies for porous Tissue Engineering Applications), Tissue Engineering (Tissue Engineering), Daniel Eberli (eds.).

The solid non-metallic material described above may also be one or more geopolymeric materials.

The skilled person will understand that the term "geopolymer" includes or means any material selected from the class of synthetic or natural aluminosilicate materials, which can be formed by reaction of an aluminosilicate precursor material, preferably in powder form, with an aqueous alkaline liquid (e.g. a solution), preferably in the presence of a silica source.

The term "silica source" will be understood to include any form of silicon oxide, such as SiO2, including silicates. Several forms of silica sources can be made, including glass, Si02 crystals, SiO2 gel, SiO2 aerogel, fumed silica (or fumed silica), and colloidal silica (e.g., Aerosil).

Suitable aluminosilicate precursor materials typically (but not necessarily) crystallize in their native form and include kaolin, dickite, halloysite, nacrite, zeolite, illite, preferably dehydroxylated zeolite, halloysite, or kaolin, and more preferably metakaolin (i.e., dehydroxylated kaolin). Dehydroxylation (e.g. kaolin) is preferably carried out by calcining (i.e. heating) the hydroxylated aluminosilicate at a temperature above 400 ℃. For example, metakaolin may be prepared as described in journal of materials science (j.mater.sci.), 40, 2023(2005), zuulgami et al, physical articles of european applications (eur.phys j.ap), 19, 173(2002) by Stevenson and Sagoe-huntsil, and/or as described below. Dehydroxylated aluminosilicates may also be produced by condensing a silica source and a vapor containing a source of alumina (e.g., Al2O 3).

Precursor materials can also be made using sol-gel methods, typically resulting in nanoscale aluminosilicate amorphous powder (or partially crystalline) precursors, as described by Zheng et al in journal of materials science, 44, 3991-3996 (2009). This results in a finer microstructure of the hardened material. (e.g., sol-gel routes may also be used to make the precursor materials for the chemically bonded ceramics described above.)

If provided in powder form, the aluminosilicate precursor particles have an average grain size of less than about 500 μm, preferably less than about 100 μm, more preferably less than about 30 μm.

In the formation of geopolymer materials, such precursor materials may be dissolved in an aqueous alkaline solution, for example, wherein the pH is at least about 12, such as at least about 13. Suitable hydroxide ion sources include strong inorganic bases such as alkali or alkaline earth metal (e.g. Ba, Mg or more preferably Ca or especially Na or K, or combinations thereof) hydroxides (e.g. sodium hydroxide). The molar ratio of metal cation to water can vary between about 1: 100 and about 10: 1, preferably between about 1: 20 and about 1: 2.

Preferably, a silica source (e.g., a silicate such as SiO2) is added to the reaction mixture by some means. For example, the aqueous alkaline liquid may comprise SiO2, forming what is commonly referred to as water glass, i.e., a sodium silicate solution. In such cases, the amount of Si02 and water in the liquid is preferably at most about 2: 1, more preferably at most about 1: 1, and most preferably at most about 1: 2. The aqueous liquid may also optionally contain sodium aluminate.

Alternatively, the silicate (and/or alumina) may be added to an optionally powdered aluminosilicate precursor, preferably as a fumed silica (AEROSIL @ silica). The amount that can be added is preferably up to about 30 wt%, more preferably up to about 5 wt% of the aluminosilicate precursor.

Free hydroxide ions are present in this intermediate alkaline mixture, causing aluminum and silicon atoms from the source material to dissolve. The geopolymer material may then be formed by allowing the resulting mixture to solidify (cure or harden), during which process the aluminum and silicon atoms from the source material are reoriented to form a hard (and at least largely) amorphous polymer material. Curing may be carried out at room temperature, at elevated temperatures, or at reduced temperatures, such as at about or slightly above ambient temperature (e.g., between about 20 ℃ and about 90 ℃, such as about 40 ℃). Hardening may also be performed under any atmosphere, humidity or pressure (e.g., under vacuum or other conditions). The resulting inorganic polymer network is typically a highly coordinated 3-dimensional aluminosilicate gel in which the negative charge on the tetrahedral aluminium Al3+ sites is balanced by the alkali metal cation charge.

In this regard, the geopolymer-based ceramic described above can be formed by mixing a powder comprising an aluminosilicate precursor and an aqueous liquid (e.g., solution) comprising water, a source of hydroxide ions as described above, and a source of silica (e.g., a silicate) to form a paste. The ratio of liquid to powder is preferably between about 0.2 and about 20 (weight/weight), more preferably between about 0.3 and about 10 (weight/weight). Calcium silicate and calcium aluminate may also be added to the aluminosilicate precursor component.

Such pores may thus be essentially "secondary pores" formed by chemical interactions (e.g., "bonding") between the surfaces of primary particles of ceramics (which may be themselves porous (i.e., contain "primary" pores), such as ceramics or geopolymers.) such pores may result, for example, from exposure of such materials to one or more chemical agents that cause physical and/or chemical transformation (e.g., partial dissolution) at that surface (which may itself result from some other physicochemical process, such as drying, curing, etc.), and then the surfaces are physically and/or chemically bonded together, resulting in the pores/voids.

For geopolymers, control of pore size is typically achieved during the manufacture of the ceramic network structure. Examples of known methods of manufacturing porous scaffolds are disclosed in Subia B. et al (2010) biomaterial scaffold manufacturing techniques for potential tissue engineering applications, tissue engineering, Daniel Eberli (eds.).

The solid non-metallic material may also be one or more heat resistant plastics, and the term "heat resistant plastic" refers herein to a plastic that can withstand a temperature of at least 150 ℃, preferably 200 ℃, more preferably 250 ℃, without deforming, softening or liquefying, and can maintain its original form, such as a silicone rubber, a fluoroplastic, and the like, and the fluoroplastics include, but are not limited to, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkylvinylether copolymer (PFA) (polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoropropylvinylether PFA-P, polytetrafluoroethylene-perfluoromethylvinylether PFA-M), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (viton A, fluororubber, F26), fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (Kel-F, F23), Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFF), tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer (ETFE), Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), poly (ethylene-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (ECTFE), polytetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride (THV), and vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (F24).

The solid non-metallic material described above is preferably based on one or more sintered or/and chemically bonded ceramic film layers, or/and one or more geopolymer film layers or/and one or more heat resistant plastic film layers. Preferably, the membrane layer is dense (substantially non-porous), particularly when the solid metallic material is chemically reactive with a substance, such as air or moisture, stored and/or transported at ambient temperature and pressure or/and the substance is stored and/or transported in an environment in which the solid metallic material is in contact with. More preferably, a layer of porous solid non-metallic material is coated on the membrane layer.

The solid non-metallic material film layer is selected from the list consisting of:

(i) oxides, nitrides and/or carbides of any of the elements silicon, aluminum, carbon, titanium, zirconium, yttrium, titanium, zirconium, cerium, scandium, boron or tantalum and combinations thereof;

(ii) a material obtainable by a process in which an aluminosilicate precursor material is reacted with an aqueous alkaline liquid;

(iii) calcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, calcium aluminate, magnesium carbonate, aluminum silicate, and combinations thereof; and

(iv) heat resistant plastics such as silica gel, fluoroplastics, and the like.

The materials listed above under (i), (ii) and (iii) are particularly preferred.

The ceramic film layer preferably retains substantially the same shape as its ceramic (solid-based) precursor film layer, or its overall size and volume are substantially retained during product conversion from the ceramic (solid-based) precursor (or "green") film layer to the ceramic film layer.

Protective film layers may also be used in the "porous devices" described above.

The protective film layer may be used to help control the rate of vaporization of the stored liquid during use. One or more layers of film may be applied to the outer surface of the material in the "porous device" described above. The protective film layer may help control the temperature at which evaporation occurs when the porous material in the "porous device" described above is heated during use. This may in turn further assist in controlling the delivery/drainage of the stored liquid, for example by ensuring that the user receives vaporized material/stored liquid within a short period of time and thereby reducing the likelihood that the user may stop inhaling before the entire intended dose is received.

The protective film layer may also be used to improve the stability of the stored liquid, preventing or slowing its thermal degradation or oxidation. For example, it may shield the stored liquid from the outside environment, or may act as a barrier to the stored liquid.

In the device of the invention, the substance which can be stored and/or delivered (aerosol or vapour) is normally a solid, liquid or gas at ambient conditions, preferably a liquid, and preferably the substance also contains a physiologically active substance, for example nicotine, which is normally a liquid in its pure state at ambient conditions. When the substance to be stored and/or transported (in the form of a smoke, aerosol or vapour) is a solid at ambient conditions, it may be dissolved in a suitable solvent to form a solution, which is then absorbed by the porous body of the invention, and the solvent is then evaporated. When the substance to be stored and/or transported (in the form of a smoke or aerosol or vapour) is gaseous under ambient conditions, it may be dissolved in a suitable solvent to form a solution which is then absorbed by the porous body of the invention.

Such devices contain a supply of a substance (e.g. in solid or liquid form, or as a dissolved or suspended gas) which can be stored and/or transported (aerosol or vaporous), and a device through which the substance can be volatilised. Suitable means should include any heat source capable of delivering thermal energy directly to the carrier material to vaporize the deliverable agent also present. Thus, the substance that can be stored and/or delivered is released in the form of an aerosol or vapor. The vaporized material is then delivered to the user, typically by inhalation or vaporization of the aerosol or mist by the user. Suitable heating apparatus which can be used to heat the carrier material will be known to the skilled person.

In the liquid suitably stored in the above "porous device", nicotine (nicotine) and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be added, and a composition of tobacco materials (such as cut tobacco, tobacco powder, etc.) containing nicotine (nicotine) and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may also be used in the present invention.

Nicotine in the present invention means 3- (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) -pyridine, including synthetic nicotine as well as nicotine extracts from tobacco plants or parts thereof, such as the nicotiana genus alone or combinations thereof.

The nicotine salt used in the present invention generally refers to pharmaceutically acceptable salts of nicotine, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts of inorganic acids and organic acids.

In the liquid suitably stored in the above-mentioned "porous device", nicotine or/and nicotine salt is added in an amount of usually 0.001 to 25% (wt/wt), preferably 0.01 to 10% (wt/wt), more preferably 0.1 to 5% (wt/wt), most preferably 0.5 to 3.0% (wt/wt).

The invention also relates to an atomising device comprising a "porous device" as defined in any one of the above and an assembly for the aerosol or vapour or vaporisation of a stored substance as defined above (e.g. a liquid).

The invention also relates to an atomization device which comprises a heating body and any one of the porous devices which is in heat conduction with the heating body. Which is operable to heat the above-mentioned "porous device" and thereby cause the liquid aerosol or vapour stored or carried thereby to evaporate. For example, the heating element may be a resistive heater (e.g., in the form of a wire or a heating plate) that releases useful heat when an electric current is passed through it. Heating may also be by induction heating. This can be achieved by positioning the "porous device" described above in the vicinity of a heating element (e.g. a metal object or other electrically conductive structure), which in turn can be heated by induction using an electromagnet.

In one embodiment, the heating element is located in proximity to (i.e., immediately adjacent, or preferably directly adjacent to) the "porous means". By this it is meant that the heating element is positioned sufficiently close to the "porous means" described above to allow the heating element to directly heat and vaporise its stored or carried liquid. The heating element may be in direct contact with the "porous means" described above and may also be intimately mixed into the "porous means" described above. Examples of such heating elements are those wherein the heating element is a heating coil. The coil may be wound around the "porous means" described above, or it may be embedded within the "porous means" described above. Embedding is typically achieved by incorporating a heating element into the mixture of "porous means" precursor substances described above (prior to curing or hardening the mixture), as described elsewhere herein. The porous mass used in the device of the invention can be heated directly (i.e. not by the hot gas originating from the heating element) without degradation and without creating an unpleasant taste to the user.

In another embodiment, the heating element is not incorporated into the "porous means" described above, but is located near or remote from the "porous means" described above. In such embodiments, the heating element may be used to heat air which may then be caused to flow through and/or past the "porous means" described above in order to vaporize liquid located within the pores of the "porous means" described above.

Where induction heating is used to heat the "porous means" described above, it is generally necessary for a metal object or other electrically conductive structure to be present as a heating element in intimate association with the "porous means". Discrete particles (e.g., balls or granules) of a suitable electrically conductive material (e.g., iron or copper) may be dispersed throughout the "porous device" described above to assist in the heating process. The use of such a system allows the device to heat the entire above-described "porous device" very quickly, rapidly and uniformly, and thereby ensures a better controlled and more predictable amount of aerosolized liquid. Suitable conductive materials may also be provided in other suitable shapes and geometries, for example, it may be provided as a series of rods, discs or plates, or as a mesh or 3-dimensional network within which the above-described "porous means" may be located. In the case where the conductive material is dispersed throughout the "porous means" described above, the conductive material will generally be present in an amount sufficient to ensure that the "porous means" can be heated rapidly, and low enough to avoid pyrolysing or degrading the material in the "porous means". Typically, the amount of electrically conductive material (i.e. heating element) present in the above-mentioned "porous means" can be up to 40% by weight relative to the total weight of electrically conductive material and the above-mentioned "porous means" without significantly degrading the mechanical properties of the above-mentioned "porous means". Preferably, the amount of conductive material present in the above-mentioned "porous means" will not exceed 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the conductive material and the above-mentioned "porous means". In the case where the above-described "porous means" is formed in contact with only a small number (e.g. less than five, preferably one) of larger electrically conductive masses, then the relative amount of electrically conductive material present as a heating element relative to the total weight of electrically conductive material and the above-described "porous means" may be much higher, possibly up to 70 wt.% (e.g. up to 50 wt.%). In this regard, the 3-dimensional network may be obtained by any conventional method known to the skilled person, including 3-dimensional printing or foam metal forming as described elsewhere herein.

The electrically conductive material may also comprise or consist of a ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic) material such as iron. The presence of such magnetic material may further enhance the heating effect achieved using induction heating, as additional heat is generated by hysteresis losses within the magnetic material. Induction heating is generally able to heat the "porous device" described above more quickly than the resistive heaters present in conventional electronic cigarettes.

Electrically conductive material (e.g. in the form of particles) may also be mixed with the above-mentioned "porous means", even in systems not intended for induction heating. Regardless of the method by which the "porous device" is heated, the conductive material helps to increase the rate and uniformity of heat transfer to the "porous device" to thereby improve the rate and predictability of evaporation of the substance (e.g., liquid) stored therein.

In yet another embodiment, a portion of the heating element may be located inside the "porous device" described above. For example, some or all of the heating elements may be at least partially surrounded by the "porous means" described above. In such devices, the "porous means" described above is shaped complementary to the shape of the heating element; that is, the shape of the "porous means" matches the shape of the heating element to promote intimate bonding between the heating element and the "porous means". This ensures that there is a relatively high bonding area between the heating element and the "porous means" described above. Constructing the device in this manner allows for more rapid and efficient heat transfer from the heating element to the "porous device" described above to further assist in controlling the atomization of the carried liquid.

The "porous means" described above may be manufactured in situ, i.e. in the presence of the heating element, in order to ensure that the "porous means" is shaped complementarily to the shape of the heating element. The above-described "porous means" shaped in this manner can be realized in a case where it is formed of a paste. The paste is applied to a heating element (which may be shaped, for example, as a coil, grid, or line) and then allowed to harden. Alternatively, the "porous means" described above may be provided as a solid body that is preformed to fit a particular heating element design. For example, the "porous means" described above may be provided as a block of material optionally containing one or more cavities (e.g. cylindrical holes) in which the heating element may be located once the atomising device has been assembled. Alternatively, the "porous means" material described above may be formed from a paste that is applied to a mould, allowed to harden and then removed from the mould so that it can be incorporated into the atomising device at a later date. The mold is shaped so that the "porous device" described above solidifies in a form (i.e., shape) complementary to the particular heating element design. Such "porous device" materials, such as chemically bonded ceramics and geopolymers, which can be formed at relatively low temperatures (e.g., less than 400 ℃) are particularly suitable for fabricating preformed units due to the moldable nature of the unhardened "porous device" material mixture.

The above-described "porous device" materials, such as chemically bonded ceramics and geopolymers, which can be formed at relatively low temperatures (e.g., less than 400 ℃) are also particularly suitable for use in induction heating systems. The conductive material (whether in the form of discrete particles or any other structure) may be dispersed throughout the "porous device" material by introducing the conductive material prior to hardening or curing of the "porous device" material. The composite mixture comprising the "porous device" material (or precursor thereof) and the conductive material described above is typically a paste which can be molded into any desired shape after the conductive material has been added. The composite may then be hardened without the use of the elevated temperatures of the meltable conductive material. In contrast, conventional sintering processes may involve temperatures in excess of 1000 ℃ and may melt many metals.

Alternatively, the conductive material may be a 3-dimensional metal network, which may be obtained by a method including 3-dimensional printing. A composite mixture comprising the above-described "porous device" material (or precursor thereof) and electrically conductive material may be obtained by first preparing a 3-dimensional metal network and then incorporating a paste containing a ceramic support precursor.

In another embodiment, the heating body of the atomizing device includes a heating cylinder wound by a flexible substrate, or the heating cylinder is made of one of cylindrical ceramic, glass, and crystal, and a resistive film attached to an inner sidewall of the heating cylinder, and the "porous device" is filled in an inner space of the heating cylinder and is in contact with the resistive film, or the heating body includes a heating cylinder wound by a flexible substrate and a resistance wire, or the heating cylinder is made of one of cylindrical ceramic, glass, and crystal, and the "porous device" is filled in an inner space of the heating cylinder and is in contact with the resistance wire.

Preferably, in the above-mentioned atomizing device, the flexible substrate is one or more of polyimide, polyetheretherketone, teflon and ceramic.

Preferably, the heating body of the atomizing device further includes a heating tube or a heat conducting rod with a resistance wire wound thereon, the heating tube or the heat conducting rod with the resistance wire wound thereon is located in the heating cylinder, and the porous device is filled between the heating cylinder and the heating tube or between the heating cylinder and the heat conducting rod.

Preferably, the heating body in the atomizing device includes at least one heating tube, and the heating tube is inserted into the porous device from one end of the porous device.

Preferably, the heating member of the atomizing device includes a heat conducting rod and a resistance wire wound around the heat conducting rod, and the heat conducting rod and the resistance wire thereon are inserted into the porous device from one end of the porous device.

The invention also relates to an electronic cigarette, comprising: the power supply device comprises a battery and a circuit board, wherein the battery is electrically connected with the atomizing assembly (such as a heating body therein) through the circuit board.

The preferable technical scheme is as follows:

1. a porous substance storage and/or delivery device comprising a porous body consisting essentially of, or consisting essentially of, a porous solid metallic material and a substantially chemically inert and poorly soluble solid non-metallic material substantially encapsulating the metallic material on a macroscopic scale.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said solid non-metallic material is selected from ceramic materials or/and geopolymer materials or/and heat-resistant plastics.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that said ceramic is selected from the group consisting of sintered ceramics, chemically bonded ceramics, mixtures of sintered and chemically bonded ceramics.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein said solid non-metallic material is also porous.

5. The device according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the porous metal material or/and the porous non-metal material has an average pore diameter of 0.01 to 1000 μm.

6. The device according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the porosity of the porous metallic material or/and the porous non-metallic material is 20% to 90%.

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the overall porosity of the device is between 20% and 90%.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the weight of the non-metallic material is no more than 30 times the weight of the porous metallic material.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the weight of the non-metallic material is 0.0005 to 10 times the weight of the porous metallic material.

10. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a support or a connector for supporting or connecting the solid metallic material and/or the solid non-metallic material.

11. The device according to claim 10, wherein the support or connector material is selected from a metallic material, a ceramic material or a geopolymer material or a heat-resistant plastic.

12. The device of claim 10, wherein the support or linker is porous.

13. The device according to claim 1, wherein the porous metal material is mainly or substantially constructed of a porous thin metal sheet or metal strip or metal mesh, the thickness of the thin metal sheet or metal strip or metal mesh is 0.05 to 2000 μm, the pore diameter of the pores in the thin metal sheet or metal strip or metal mesh is 0.05 to 2000 μm, and the distance between adjacent thin metal sheets or metal strips or metal mesh is 0.05 to 2000 μm.

14. The device according to claim 13, wherein the thickness of the thin metal sheet or thin metal strip or thin metal screen is 0.05-500 μm, or/and the aperture of the holes in the thin metal sheet or thin metal strip or thin metal screen is 0.05-500 μm, or/and the distance between adjacent thin metal sheets or thin metal strips or thin metal screens is 0.05-500 μm.

15. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that the lateral holes of the thin metal sheet or strip or mesh are substantially straight.

16. The device according to claim 13, wherein the distance between centers of adjacent holes of the thin metal sheet or the thin metal strip or the thin metal wire mesh is 1.001 to 20 times the sum of half-hole diameters of the adjacent holes.

17. The device according to claim 1, wherein the porous metal material is a mesh body mainly or substantially woven from metal wires having a diameter of 0.05 to 1000 μm and a length or/and width or/and height of the mesh of 0.05 to 2000 μm.

18. The device according to claim 1, wherein the porous metal material is constructed by enclosing, folding, stacking, and bundling.

19. The device according to claim 1, wherein the porous metal material is constructed by surrounding multiple spirals into pipes, columns, blocks, folding into columns, blocks, stacking into columns, blocks, and bundling multiple pipes into pipes, columns, blocks.

20. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the porous metal material is constructed essentially as a column or block.

21. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said solid non-metallic material is selected from the group consisting of layers based on one or more sintered or/and chemically bonded ceramic films, or/and one or more geopolymer films or/and one or more heat-resistant plastic films.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the ceramic film layer is selected to maintain substantially the same shape as its ceramic precursor film layer, or wherein the overall size and volume of the ceramic film layer is substantially maintained during product conversion from the ceramic precursor film layer to the ceramic film layer.

23. The device of claim 21, wherein the membrane layer is dense.

24. The device of claim 23, wherein said membrane layer is further coated with a porous substantially chemically inert and insoluble solid non-metallic material.

25. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a protective film layer is used in the device.

26. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means of delivering the substance is by means of a smoke or aerosol or by means of evaporation.

27. An atomising device comprising a device according to any of claims 1 to 26 and an assembly for atomising the stored substance from a smoke or aerosol.

28. An atomizing device characterized by comprising a heating body and the device according to any one of claims 1 to 26 which conducts heat with the heating body.

29. The device of claim 28, wherein the heating element is located within, near or remote from the device of any of claims 1-26.

30. The device according to claim 28, wherein the heating body is selected from a heating cylinder, a resistive film, a heating tube, a heat conducting rod, and a resistance wire wound around the heat conducting rod.

31. An electronic cigarette comprising the device of claim 27 and a power supply electrically connected to the smoke or aerosol or vaporisation element, the power supply comprising a battery and a circuit board, the battery being electrically connected to the smoke or aerosol or vaporisation element via the circuit board.

32. An electronic cigarette, comprising the device according to any one of claims 28 to 30 and a power supply device electrically connected to the heating body, wherein the power supply device comprises a battery and a circuit board, and the battery is electrically connected to the heating body via the circuit board.

33. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the substance to be stored and/or transported is a solid, liquid or gas at ambient conditions.

34. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the substance to be stored and/or transported is a liquid under ambient conditions.

35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the liquid is selected from the group consisting of low boiling alcohols, ethers, aldehydes or ketones, esters, amides, water, and mixtures thereof, and wherein "low boiling" means a boiling point at 1atm below 500 ℃ but not below 50 ℃.

36. The device according to claim 1, wherein the substance to be stored and/or delivered further comprises a physiologically active substance.

37. The device of claim 42, wherein the physiologically active substance is nicotine and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[ examples ] A method for producing a compound

Example 1

A porous rod (porosity of about 40%, volume ratio) was used as a material (liquid, etc.) for adsorbing and storing 1, 2-propanediol (containing 5% nicotine hydrochloride) (metal surface coated with alumina ceramic, etc.).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: punching a metal titanium rod 5cm long and 1cm in diameter by a laser punching method or a mechanical drilling method to form holes with the average pore diameter of about 100 mu m, wherein the porosity is about 40%;

2. putting alumina powder into absolute ethyl alcohol for mixing, mixing by using a ball mill mixer until the average particle size is 100 plus materials to 300nm after mixing for at least 72 hours, completely infiltrating the porous metal rod into the mixture, taking out and drying the porous metal rod to remove the ethyl alcohol to prepare a ceramic precursor porous metal rod, then carrying out hot-pressing sintering, wherein the sintering pressure is 20-30MPa, the sintering temperature is 1200 plus materials to 1300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5 hour, and repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the weight of the porous metal rod is increased by 3 percent (dry) to prepare a blank;

3. and (3) putting the blank into a vacuum atmosphere furnace, keeping the constant temperature of 1000-1200 ℃ for 12 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature.

Examples 1 to 2

The porous rod was soaked in 400ml of phosphate buffer (a phosphate buffer saline tablet (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) dissolved in 200ml of deionized water) at pH 7.4 and an ibuprofen concentration of 408.5. mu.g/ml for 24 hours. The porous rod was taken out and dried at room temperature for 24 hours. The porous rod is heated at 250 ℃ for 15 minutes.

Comparative example 1 was prepared according to the same procedure as in example 1, step 1;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

1. mixing the alumina powder with absolute ethyl alcohol, mixing the mixture by a ball mill mixer for at least 72 hours until the average particle size is 100-300nm, and preparing fine materials by spray granulation;

2. mixing the above fine material and pore-forming agent (such as carbon particles, the average particle diameter is basically the same as the average pore diameter in the examples, and the dosage ratio (volume) is basically the same as the porosity in the examples), dry-pressing and molding, further pressing and molding (the size, appearance, average pore diameter and porosity are basically the same as the examples) by cold isostatic pressing of 180-220MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 8-10 minutes to prepare a biscuit;

3. then hot-pressing sintering is carried out, the sintering pressure is 20-30MPa, the sintering temperature is 1200-1300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5 hour, so as to prepare a blank;

4. and (3) putting the blank into a vacuum atmosphere furnace, keeping the constant temperature of 1000-1200 ℃ for 12 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature.

Example 2

A porous rod (porosity of about 30% (volume ratio, within a. + -. 3% difference)) was used as a material (liquid, etc.) for the absorption and storage of 1, 3-butanediol (containing 5% nicotine).

The preparation method of the porous cake comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal cake: punching pores with the average pore diameter of about 200 μm on a metal vanadium cake with the height of 1cm and the diameter of 3cm by using a laser punching method or a mechanical drilling method, wherein the porosity is about 30%;

2. putting silicon nitride powder into absolute ethyl alcohol for mixing, mixing by using a ball mill mixer, spraying the porous metal cake by using a spraying method after mixing for 36 hours, drying to remove the ethyl alcohol, repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the weight of the porous metal cake is increased by 10 percent (dry), and preparing a ceramic precursor porous metal cake;

3. then hot-pressing sintering is carried out, the sintering pressure is 20-30MPa, the sintering temperature is 1700-1800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours, so as to prepare a blank;

4. and (3) putting the blank into a vacuum atmosphere furnace, keeping the temperature of 1300-1600 ℃ constant for 24 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the porous metal rod with the surface covered with the silicon nitride ceramic.

Examples 2 to 2

And soaking the porous ceramic metal cake in a sumatriptan succinate solution with the concentration of 20mg/ml at room temperature for 24 hours to realize the application of the sumatriptan succinate, and then drying for 24 hours.

Comparative example 1 was prepared according to the same procedure as in example 2, step 1;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

1. mixing silicon nitride powder with absolute ethyl alcohol, mixing with a ball mill mixer, mixing for 36 hours, and performing spray granulation to prepare fine materials;

4. and putting the blank into a vacuum atmosphere furnace, keeping the constant temperature of 1300-1600 ℃ for 24 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature.

Example 3

A porous rod (porosity: about 30% (volume ratio, +/-3% difference) was used) as a wicking material (liquid, etc.) to 1, 2-pentanediol (metal surface coated with silicon carbide-alumina (10: 1, wt/wt) ceramic, etc.).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: punching holes with average pore diameter of about 300 μm on a metal chromium rod with length of 15cm and diameter of 3cm by using a laser punching method or a mechanical drilling method, wherein the porosity is about 20%;

2. putting silicon carbide-alumina (10: 1, wt/wt) powder into absolute ethyl alcohol for mixing, mixing by using a ball mill mixer, spraying a porous metal rod by using a spraying method after mixing for 36 hours, drying to remove the ethyl alcohol, repeating the steps for many times until the weight of the porous metal rod is increased by 30 percent (dry), and preparing a ceramic precursor porous metal rod;

3. then hot-pressing sintering is carried out, the sintering pressure is 20-30MPa, the sintering temperature is 1700-1800 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5 hour, so as to prepare a blank;

4. and putting the blank into a vacuum atmosphere furnace, keeping the constant temperature of 1600-1700 ℃ for 18 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature.

Comparative example 1 was prepared according to the same method as in example preparation step 1;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

1. mixing silicon carbide-alumina (10: 1, wt/wt) powder with absolute ethyl alcohol, mixing with a ball mill mixer, mixing for 36 hours, and performing spray granulation to prepare fine materials;

Example 4

The following porous rods (porosity: same about 40% (volume ratio, within + -3% difference)) were used (metal surface covered with boron nitride-zirconia (10: 3, wt/wt) ceramics, etc.) to adsorb and store substances (liquid, etc.) ethanol.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: mixing powdered rhenium with 40% (volume ratio based on the total volume of the two) ammonium carbonate with an average pore diameter of 50 μm, and hot isostatic pressing in vacuum or hydrogen to obtain porous metal body (cuboid with length, width and height of 8cm, 2cm and 1 cm);

2. mixing boron nitride-zirconium oxide (10: 3, wt/wt) powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, mixing by using a ball mill mixer until the average particle size is 100-300nm after mixing for at least 72 hours, completely infiltrating the porous metal rod into the mixture, taking out, drying and removing the ethanol to prepare a ceramic precursor porous metal rod, then carrying out hot-pressing sintering, wherein the sintering pressure is 20-30MPa, the sintering temperature is 1700-1800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5 hour, and repeating for many times until the weight of the porous metal rod is increased by 5 percent (dry) to prepare a blank;

3. and putting the blank into a vacuum atmosphere furnace, keeping the constant temperature of 1700-1800 ℃ for 24 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature.

comparative example 2 preparation method:

1. mixing silicon carbide-alumina (10: 1, wt/wt) powder with absolute ethyl alcohol, mixing with a ball mill mixer for at least 72 hours until the average particle size is 100-300nm, and performing spray granulation to prepare fine materials;

2. mixing the above fine material and pore-forming agent (such as carbon particles, the average particle diameter is basically the same as the average pore diameter in the examples, and the dosage ratio (volume) is basically the same as the porosity in the examples), dry-pressing and molding, further pressing and molding (the size, appearance, average pore diameter and porosity are basically the same as the examples) by cold isostatic pressing of 180-220MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 8-10 min to prepare a biscuit;

4. and putting the blank into a vacuum atmosphere furnace, keeping the constant temperature of 1700-1800 ℃ for 24 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature.

Example 5

A porous rod (porosity of about 70% (volume ratio, ± 3% difference) was used as the same) as the following (metal surface covered zirconia ceramic, etc.) imbibed and stored substance (liquid, etc.): tert-amyl alcohol.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: punching (by laser drilling or mechanical punching) round holes with diameter of 500 μm on a 304 stainless steel sheet with length of 5cm, width of 5cm and thickness of 30 μm, wherein the center distance between adjacent holes is 1.03mm, no holes are formed at the positions 1-2mm away from the four sides of the sheet, and the other regions are all fully provided with full holes according to the method, and then enclosing into a hollow cylinder with length of 5cm and diameter of 8mm according to the mode of figure 3 (multiple spirals, the distance between adjacent sheets is about 500 μm, and the bottoms of two sides are respectively provided with 2 crossed supports or connectors);

2. soaking the porous metal rod in a mixed solution of ZrOCl2 & 8H2O, absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water in a molar ratio of 2: 17: 20, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10, stirring at 60 ℃ for 8min, taking out, drying at 110 ℃ for 1 hour, and finally burning at 600 ℃ for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a zirconium oxide film layer, and repeating the steps for multiple times until the weight of the porous metal rod is increased by about 6% (dry).

Examples 5 and 2

Clonidine hydrochloride solution (50. mu.l, 5mg/ml) was dispensed onto the porous ceramic metal rods described above. After application of the above solution, the porous metal rod was dried at ambient conditions for at least 12 hours.

Comparative example 1 was prepared according to the same procedure as in example 5, step 1;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

1. mixing ZrOCl2 & 8H2O with absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water (ZrOCl2 & 8H 2O: absolute ethyl alcohol: distilled water in a molar ratio of 2: 17: 20), adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10, stirring at 60 ℃ for 8min, and performing spray granulation to prepare fine materials;

3. then hot-pressing sintering is carried out, the sintering pressure is 20-30MPa, the sintering temperature is 110 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 hour, so as to prepare a blank;

4. and (3) putting the blank into a furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere, keeping the constant temperature of 600 ℃ for 2 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature.

Example 6

A porous rod (porosity of the same about 60% (volume ratio, within a. + -. 3%)) was used as follows (metal surface covered with cerium oxide ceramic, etc.) for adsorbing and storing substances (liquids, etc.) t-butanol.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: punching (by laser drilling or mechanical punching) round holes with the diameter of 200 μm on a metal gadolinium sheet with the width of 5cm, the length of 15cm and the thickness of 50 μm, wherein the distance between the centers of adjacent holes is 500 μm, the positions 1-2mm away from the four sides of the sheet are not provided with holes, the other areas are completely provided with the holes by the method, and then forming a cuboid with the length of 5cm, the width of 5mm and the thickness of 8mm by the mode of the attached figure 5 (zigzag multiple folding, the maximum distance between the adjacent sheets is about 200 μm, and the bottoms of two sides are respectively provided with 1 support or connector);

2. soaking the porous metal rod in a mixed solution of Ce (NO3) 3.6H 2O, absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water in a molar ratio of 2: 13: 10, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 8.2, stirring the solution at 75 ℃ for 8min, taking out the solution, drying the solution at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, and finally burning the solution at 600 ℃ for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a cerium oxide film layer, and repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the weight of the porous metal rod is increased by about 3 percent (dry).

comparative example 2 preparation method:

1. mixing Ce (NO3) 3.6H 2O with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water (Ce (NO3) 3.6H 2O: anhydrous ethanol: distilled water in a molar ratio of 2: 13: 10), adjusting the pH value of the solution to 8.2, stirring at 75 ℃ for 8min, and performing spray granulation to prepare fine materials;

3. then hot-pressing sintering is carried out, the sintering pressure is 20-30MPa, the sintering temperature is 120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 hour, so as to prepare a blank;

Example 7

A porous rod (with the same porosity of about 50% (by volume, ± 3% difference)) was used as the following (metal surface covered with titanium oxide ceramic, etc.) to adsorb and store substances (liquid, etc.) to lauryl alcohol.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: punching (by laser drilling or mechanical punching) round holes with the diameter of 100 microns on a metal holmium sheet with the width of 5cm, the length of 15cm and the thickness of 100 microns, wherein the distance between the centers of adjacent holes is 300 microns, the positions 1-2mm away from the four sides of the sheet are not punched, the other areas are fully punched with full holes according to the method, and then enclosing into a cuboid with the length of 5cm, the width of 10mm and the thickness of 17mm according to the mode of figure 6 (bow-shaped multiple parallel folding, the distance between the adjacent sheets is about 1000 microns, and the bottoms of two sides are respectively provided with 1 support body or connecting body);

2. soaking the porous metal rod in a mixed solution of tetrabutyl orthotitanate, absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water in a molar ratio of 2: 14: 9.5, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7.8, stirring at 60 ℃ for 8min, taking out, drying at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, finally burning at 600 ℃ for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a titanium dioxide film layer, and repeating the steps until the weight of the porous metal rod is increased by about 10% (dry).

comparative example 2 preparation method:

1. mixing tetrabutyl orthotitanate with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water (molar ratio of tetrabutyl orthotitanate to anhydrous ethanol to distilled water is 2: 14: 9.5), adjusting pH to 7.8, stirring at 60 deg.C for 8min, and spray granulating to obtain fine powder;

Example 8

The following porous rods (porosity: about 50% (volume ratio, within ± 3%) with metal surface covered with alumina ceramic, etc.) were used to adsorb and store substances (liquids, etc.): menthol, borneol liquid mixture (eutectic).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: punching (by laser drilling or mechanical punching) round holes with diameter of 1000 μm on a metal thulium sheet with length of 10cm, width of 5cm and thickness of 20 μm, wherein the center distance between adjacent holes is 1500 μm, no holes are formed at the positions 1-2mm away from the four sides of the sheet, the other regions are all full of holes according to the method, and then enclosing into a hollow cylinder with length of 5cm and diameter of 8mm according to the mode of figure 3 (multiple spirals, the distance between adjacent sheets is about 200 μm, and the bottoms of two sides are respectively provided with 2 crossed supports or connectors);

2. soaking the porous metal rod in a mixed solution of aluminum isopropoxide, absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water in a molar ratio of 2: 23: 25, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 5, stirring at 90 ℃ for 8min, taking out, drying at 110 ℃ for 1 hour, finally burning at 1200 ℃ for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain an aluminum oxide film layer, and repeating the steps for multiple times until the weight of the porous metal rod is increased by about 5% (dry).

comparative example 2 preparation method:

1. adjusting the pH value of a mixed solution of aluminum isopropoxide, absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water according to the molar ratio of 2: 23: 25 to 5, stirring at 90 ℃ for 8min, and then carrying out spray granulation to prepare fine materials;

4. and putting the blank into a furnace in a nitrogen atmosphere, keeping the constant temperature of 1200 ℃ for 2 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature.

Example 9

The following porous rod (porosity: about 50% (volume ratio, ± 3% difference)) was used (metal surface covered with silica ceramic, etc.) for adsorbing and storing substances (liquid, etc.) poloxamer 105.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: mixing powdered ytterbium metal with 30% (volume ratio based on the total volume of the powdered ytterbium and the ammonium carbonate) with an average pore diameter of 100 μm by a hot isostatic pressing (or foaming) process, and performing hot isostatic pressing in vacuum or hydrogen to prepare a porous metal body with the width of 5cm, the length of 15cm and the thickness of 200 μm, and then enclosing a cuboid with the length of 5cm, the width of 10mm and the thickness of 5mm in a manner shown in the figure 6 (zigzag multiple parallel folding, the distance between adjacent sheets is about 100 μm, and the bottoms of two sides are respectively provided with 2 parallel supports or connectors);

2. soaking the porous metal rod in a mixed solution of n-silicon acetate, absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water in a molar ratio of 1: 15: 9.5, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 2.8, stirring at 60 ℃ for 5min, taking out, drying at 120 ℃ for 1 hour, finally burning at 600 ℃ for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a silicon oxide film layer, and repeating the steps until the weight of the porous metal rod is increased by about 2 percent (dry).

comparative example 2 preparation method:

1. mixing n-silicon acetate powder with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water (molar ratio of n-silicon acetate to anhydrous ethanol to distilled water is 1: 15: 9.5), adjusting pH to 2.8, stirring at 60 deg.C for 5min, and spray granulating to obtain fine powder;

Example 10

A porous rod (porosity of about 50% (volume ratio, within a ± 3% difference)) was used as follows (metal surface covered with silicon oxynitride ceramic, etc.) to adsorb and store substances (liquid, etc.) to triglycerol.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 30 mu m and the outer length of 15cm and the width of 5cm by using a nickel-chromium alloy (model number Cr2ONi8O) wire with the diameter of 100 mu m, and then enclosing a cuboid with the length of 5cm, the width of 5mm and the thickness of 7mm in a mode shown in the attached figure 4 (the distance between adjacent wire meshes is about 30 mu m, and the bottoms of two sides are respectively provided with 2 parallel supports or connectors);

2. suspending the porous metal rod in the air at vacuum degree of 2 × 10^-3In a Pa chamber, when the temperature is kept at 200 ℃ and the gas mass flow ratio of silane (purity 99.99%)/oxygen (purity 99.99%)/ammonia (purity 99.99%)/hydrogen (purity 99.99%) is controlled to be 3: 1: 20, a plasma gas phase chemical deposition (PECVD) with the voltage of 1000V and the power of 2000W is adopted on a metal wire substrate for 100min, so as to obtain a silicon oxynitride film layer until the weight of the porous metal rod is increased by about 0.05%.

Comparative example 1 was prepared according to the same procedure as in example 10, step 1;

comparative example 2/example 10-2 preparation method:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: mixing powdered nickel-chromium alloy (model Cr20Ni80) and ammonium carbonate with the average grain diameter of 30 μm by a hot isostatic pressing (or foaming) process, and hot isostatic pressing in vacuum or hydrogen to form a porous metal body (the size (length, width, thickness), average pore diameter and porosity of the cuboid are basically the same as those of the embodiment); after that time, the user can use the device,

2. placing the porous metal rod in a suspended manner in a chamber with the vacuum degree of 2 x 10 < -3 > Pa, keeping the temperature at 200 ℃, controlling the gas mass flow ratio of silane (purity 99.99%)/oxygen (purity 99.99%)/ammonia (purity 99.99%)/hydrogen (purity 99.99%) to be 3: 1: 20, and carrying out plasma gas-phase chemical deposition (PECVD) on a metal wire substrate with the voltage of 1000V and the power of 2000W for 100min to obtain a silicon oxynitride film layer until the weight of the porous metal rod is increased by about 0.05%.

Example 11

A porous rod (porosity of the same about 40% (by volume, +/-3% difference)) is used (metal surface covered with tantalum oxide-alumina-scandia ceramic, etc.) which adsorbs and stores substances (liquids, etc.) and dimerizes 1, 2-propanediol.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh: weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 50 mu m and the outer length of 5cm and the width of 5cm by using metal ruthenium wires with the diameter of 100 mu m;

2. tantalum oxide, Al2O3 and scandium (III) carbonate hydrate powder are respectively taken according to the molar ratio of the tantalum oxide to the Al2O3 to the scandium (III) carbonate hydrate of 1: 2.5, and are put into an agate mortar for dry grinding for 1 h. After the mixture is evenly mixed, absolute ethyl alcohol is added according to the mass ratio of powder/ethyl alcohol of 3: 1 for wet mixing for 2 hours. Then, adding 3 wt% of binder into the mixed powder, continuously mixing for 0.5h to obtain a blank material, transferring the blank material to a press machine, and pressing into a blank (the length is 5cm, the width is 5cm, and the thickness is about 100 mu m), wherein the binder is a mixture of polyethylene, paraffin and stearic acid, and the mass ratio of the mixture to the stearic acid is 70: 20: 10; the thin metal wire net was placed on the blank, and the same amount of the blank was added thereto to form a blank (5 cm in length, 5cm in width, and about 250 μm in thickness) again. Then, the obtained blank is enclosed into a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 5cm and the diameter of about 6mm according to the mode of figure 2 (multiple spirals, the distance between adjacent wire nets is about 100 mu m), then the hollow cylinder is placed into a high-temperature furnace, the temperature of the furnace is increased to 1600 ℃ at the speed of 15 ℃/min under the vacuum atmosphere, and the temperature is kept for 2h, so that the porous ceramic porous rod (the average pore diameter is about 5 mu m, the porosity is about 40 percent (volume ratio), and the weight of the metal wire net is increased by about 300 percent) is obtained.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a thin metal wire mesh according to the same method as the embodiment preparation step 1, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the embodiment preparation step 2, but not placing the metal wire mesh in the middle, attaching the metal wire mesh to the bottom surface of the blank, wherein the metal wire mesh can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then enclosing a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 5cm and the diameter of about 6mm in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent wire meshes of about 100 mu m) as shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

the preparation was carried out in the same manner as in example preparation step 2, except that no wire mesh was placed, and the other steps were the same.

Example 12

A porous rod (with the same porosity of about 60% (by volume, within a range of. + -. 3%)) was used as the following (the surface of the metal was covered with titanium nitride-alumina ceramic, etc.): polyethylene glycol 200 was used as the storage substance.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: punching (by laser drilling or mechanical punching) round holes with the diameter of 100 microns on a metal tantalum sheet with the width of 5cm, the length of 15cm and the thickness of 200 microns, wherein the distance between the centers of adjacent holes is 300 microns, holes are not formed at the positions 1-2mm away from the four sides of the sheet, holes are fully formed in other areas by the method, and then a cuboid with the length of 5cm, the width of 10mm and the thickness of 6mm is enclosed in a mode (bow-shaped multiple parallel folding and the distance between adjacent sheets is about 200 microns) shown in the figure 6;

2. soaking the porous metal rod in a mixed solution of titanium nitride-alumina (1: 1, wt/wt, the average particle size of 300nm), absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water in a molar ratio of 2: 17: 20, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10, stirring for 8min at 60 ℃, taking out and drying for 1 hour at 110 ℃, finally burning for 12 hours at 1600-1700 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a titanium nitride-alumina film layer, and repeating the steps until the weight of the porous metal rod is increased by about 20% (dry).

comparative example 2 preparation method:

1. mixing titanium nitride-alumina (1: 1, wt/wt) powder with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water (titanium nitride-alumina, anhydrous ethanol and distilled water in a molar ratio of 2: 17: 20), mixing with a ball mill mixer until the average particle size is 100-300nm after mixing for at least 72 hours, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 10, stirring for 8min at 60 ℃, and performing spray granulation to prepare fine materials;

3. then hot-pressing sintering is carried out under the nitrogen atmosphere, the sintering pressure is 20-30MPa, the sintering temperature is 1800-1900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5 hour, so as to prepare a blank;

4. and putting the blank into a vacuum atmosphere furnace, keeping the constant temperature of 1600-1700 ℃ for 12 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature.

Example 13

A porous rod (porosity: about 30% (volume ratio, +/-3% difference) of the same) was used as the following (metal surface covered with A12O3-CaO-TiO2 ceramic, etc.) to absorb and store substances (liquid, etc.) tetraethyleneglycol.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh: weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 1000 mu m and the outer length of 10cm and the width of 10cm by using metal rhodium wires with the diameter of 500 mu m;

2. CaCO3, TiO2 and Al203 powder are respectively taken according to the molar ratio of 1: 1 of CaCO3 to TiO2 to Al203, and are put into an agate mortar for dry grinding for 2 hours. After the mixture is evenly mixed, absolute ethyl alcohol is added according to the mass ratio of powder/ethyl alcohol of 2: 1 for wet mixing for 1 hour. Then, 3 wt% of binder is added into the mixed powder, the mixture is continuously mixed for 1 hour, and then the mixture is transferred to a press to be pressed into a blank (the length is 10cm, the width is 10cm, and the thickness is about 1mm), wherein the binder is a mixture of polyethylene, paraffin and stearic acid, and the mass ratio of the mixture to the stearic acid is 70: 20: 10.

The thin metal wire net was placed on the blank, and the same amount of the blank material was added thereto to form a blank (10 cm in length, 10cm in width, and about 2.5mm in thickness). Then, the obtained blank is enclosed into a hollow cylinder with the diameter of about 1.5cm and the length of 10cm according to the mode of figure 2 (multiple spirals, the distance between adjacent wire nets is about 200 mu m), then the hollow cylinder is placed into a high-temperature furnace, the furnace temperature is increased to 1300 ℃ at the speed of 15 ℃/min under the vacuum atmosphere, and the temperature is kept for 2h, so that the porous ceramic porous rod (the average pore diameter is about 3 mu m, the porosity is about 30 percent (volume ratio), and the weight of the wire net is increased by about 1300 percent) is obtained.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a thin metal wire mesh according to the same method as the preparation step 1 of the embodiment, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the preparation step 2 of the embodiment, but not placing the metal wire mesh in the middle, attaching the metal wire mesh to the bottom surface of the blank, wherein the metal wire mesh can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then enclosing a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 10cm and the diameter of about 1.5cm in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent wire meshes is about 200 mu m) as shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 14

A porous rod (porosity of the same about 60% (volume to volume, within a ± 3% difference)) was used (metal surface covered with diatomaceous earth ceramic, etc.) to imbibe and store material (liquid, etc.) 1, 3-dioxane-5-ol (containing 2% nicotine acetate).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh: weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 300 mu m and the outer length of 10cm and the width of 10cm by using metal germanium wires with the diameter of 200 mu m;

2. according to the volume ratio of 1: 2 of diatomite (average pore diameter of 5um) to pore-forming agent graphite powder (average particle diameter of 5um), respectively taking the diatomite and the graphite powder, and putting the diatomite and the graphite powder into an agate mortar for dry grinding for 2 hours. After the mixture is evenly mixed, absolute ethyl alcohol is added according to the mass ratio of powder/ethyl alcohol of 2: 1 for wet mixing for 1 hour. Then, 3 wt% of binder is added into the mixed powder, the mixture is continuously mixed for 1h, and then the mixture is transferred to a press to be pressed into a blank (the length is 10cm, the width is 10cm, and the thickness is about 200 mu m), wherein the binder is a mixture of polyethylene, paraffin and stearic acid, and the mass ratio of the mixture to the stearic acid is 70: 20: 10.

The thin metal wire net was placed on the blank, and the same amount of the blank material was added thereto to form a blank (10 cm in length, 10cm in width, and about 500 μm in thickness). Then, the obtained blank is enclosed into a hollow cylinder with the length of 10cm and the diameter of about 0.7cm according to the mode of figure 2 (multiple spirals, the distance between adjacent wire nets is about 200 mu m), then the hollow cylinder is placed into a high-temperature furnace, the furnace temperature is increased to 1300 ℃ at the speed of 15 ℃/min under the vacuum atmosphere, and the temperature is kept for 2h, so that the porous ceramic porous rod (the average pore diameter is about 5 mu m, the porosity is about 60 percent (volume ratio), and the weight of the wire net is increased by about 110 percent) is obtained.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a thin metal wire mesh according to the same method as the embodiment preparation step 1, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the embodiment preparation step 2, but not placing the metal wire mesh in the middle, attaching the metal wire mesh to the bottom surface of the blank, wherein the metal wire mesh can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then enclosing a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 10cm and the diameter of about 0.7cm in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent wire meshes is about 200 mu m) as shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 15

A porous rod (with the same porosity of about 50% (by volume, within a range of. + -. 3%) was used as a material (liquid, etc.) for the adsorption and storage of 2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-dioxolane-4-methanol (with the metal surface covered with aluminum nitride-alumina ceramic, etc.).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 300 mu m and the outer length of 10cm and the width of 10cm by using metal molybdenum wires with the diameter of 300 mu m;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

mixing raw materials: mixing aluminum nitride, aluminum hydroxide, graphite and starch (the volume ratio is 1: 0.2: 0.5, the average grain diameter of the graphite and the starch is 25um) in a ball mill, wherein the ball material ratio is 1: 2;

granulating raw materials: pouring the mixture into a mortar, adding 5% by mass of PVA aqueous solution (additionally added with 2 wt%) into the mixture as a forming binder, uniformly mixing the materials, and granulating to obtain a semi-dry wool blank;

aging a blank: aging in a closed environment for 24h to uniformly distribute the PVA aqueous solution;

forming a blank body: molding by adopting a semi-dry pressing method:

the semi-dry wool blanks were transferred to a press and pressed into blanks (10 cm long by 10cm thick by about 100 μm),

the thin metal wire net was placed on the blank, and the same amount of the blank was added thereto to form a blank (10 cm in length, 10cm in width, and about 400 μm in thickness). Then, the obtained blank is enclosed into a hollow cylindrical blank with the length of 10cm and the diameter of about 1cm according to the mode of figure 2 (multiple spirals, the distance between the adjacent wire nets is about 100 mu m);

drying the blank: placing the formed blank sample into an oven at the temperature of 95-100 ℃ for drying for 8-12 h;

and (3) sintering of the blank:

the heating rate is as follows: 3 ℃/min;

(vacuum state) incubation time: the temperature is respectively kept at 280 ℃, 300 ℃, 330 ℃, 500 ℃, 600 ℃, 700 ℃, 800 ℃, 900 ℃, 1000 ℃ and 1200 ℃ for 60min, and the highest sintering temperature is 1500 ℃ for 120 min. (the average pore diameter of the prepared porous rod with the ceramic-coated metal surface is about 25 μm, the porosity is about 50% (volume ratio), and the weight of the wire mesh is increased by about 60%).

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a thin metal wire mesh according to the same method as the embodiment preparation step 1, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the embodiment preparation step 2, but not placing the metal wire mesh in the middle, attaching the metal wire mesh to the bottom surface of the blank, wherein the metal wire mesh can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then enclosing a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 10cm and the diameter of about 1cm in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent wire meshes of about 100 mu m) shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 16

A porous rod (with the same porosity of about 40% (by volume, +/-3% difference)) is used as a material for the absorption and storage of substances (liquids, etc.) which is an ether formed by the poly-/condensation of 1, 1-propanediol and 1, 1-propanediol (metal surface coated molybdenum silicide-silicon carbide-alumina ceramic, etc.).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 300 mu m and the outer length of 10cm and the width of 10cm by using metal nickel wires with the diameter of 300 mu m;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

mixing raw materials: mixing molybdenum silicide, silicon carbide, alumina, graphite and starch (the volume ratio is 1: 0.2: 0.4, and the average grain diameter of the graphite and the starch is 30um) in a ball mill, wherein the ball material ratio is 1: 2;

forming a blank body: molding by adopting a semi-dry pressing method:

the thin metal wire net was placed on the blank, and the same amount of the blank was added thereto to form a blank (10 cm in length, 10cm in width, and about 400 μm in thickness). Then, the obtained blank is enclosed into a hollow cylindrical blank with the length of 10cm and the diameter of about 1cm according to the mode of figure 2 (multiple spirals, the distance between the adjacent silk screens is about 20 mu m);

drying the blank, namely placing the formed blank sample into an oven at the temperature of 95-100 ℃ for drying for 8-12 h;

and (3) sintering of the blank:

the heating rate is as follows: 3 ℃/min;

and (3) heat preservation time: the temperature is respectively kept at 280 ℃, 300 ℃, 330 ℃, 500 ℃, 600 ℃, 700 ℃, 800 ℃, 900 ℃, 1000 ℃ and 1100 ℃ for 60min, and the highest sintering temperature is 1300 ℃ for 120 min. (the average pore diameter of the prepared porous rod with the ceramic-coated metal surface is about 30 μm, the porosity is about 40% (volume ratio), and the weight of the wire mesh is increased by about 80%).

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a thin metal wire mesh according to the same method as the embodiment preparation method step 1, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the embodiment preparation method step 2, but not placing the metal wire mesh in the middle, attaching the metal wire mesh to the top surface of the blank, wherein the metal wire mesh can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then enclosing a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 10cm and the diameter of about 1cm in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent wire meshes is about 20 mu m) shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 17

A porous rod (having a porosity of about 50% (volume ratio, within a range of. + -. 3%) and containing a substance (liquid or the like)) is used, and an ether obtained by polymerizing/condensing 1, 1, 1-propanetriol and 1, 1, 1-propanetriol is used.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 50 mu m and the outer length of 10cm and the width of 10cm by using metal zirconium wires with the diameter of 300 mu m;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

mixing raw materials: uniformly mixing aluminum carbide, aluminum oxide, PMMA polymer microspheres, graphite and starch (the volume ratio is 1: 0.3, the average particle size of the aluminum carbide and the aluminum oxide is 20um, the average particle size of the PMMA polymer microspheres is 30um, and the average particle size of the graphite and the starch is 30 um);

granulating raw materials: adding 5 percent by mass of PVA aqueous solution (additionally added with 2 percent by weight) into the mixture as a forming binder, uniformly mixing the materials, and granulating the mixture into semi-dry wool blanks;

forming a blank body: molding by adopting a semi-dry pressing method:

the semi-dry wool blanks were transferred to a press and pressed into blanks (10 cm long by 10cm thick about 70 μm),

the thin metal wire net was placed on the blank, and the same amount of the blank was added thereto to form a blank (10 cm in length, 10cm in width, and about 400 μm in thickness). Then, the obtained blank is enclosed into a hollow cylindrical blank with the length of 10cm and the diameter of about 1cm according to the mode of figure 2 (multiple spirals, the distance between the adjacent silk screens is about 50 mu m);

and (3) sintering of the blank:

the heating rate is as follows: 3 ℃/min;

and (3) heat preservation time: the temperature is respectively kept at 280 ℃, 300 ℃, 330 ℃, 500 ℃, 600 ℃, 700 ℃, 800 ℃, 900 ℃, 1000 ℃ and 1100 ℃ for 30min, and the highest firing temperature is kept at 1200 ℃ for 180 min. (the average pore diameter of the prepared porous rod with the ceramic-coated metal surface is about 30 μm, the porosity is about 50% (volume ratio), and the weight of the wire mesh is increased by about 40%).

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a thin metal wire mesh according to the same method as the embodiment preparation method step 1, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the embodiment preparation method step 2, but not placing the metal wire mesh in the middle, attaching the metal wire mesh to the top surface of the blank, wherein the metal wire mesh can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then enclosing a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 10cm and the diameter of about 1cm in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent wire meshes is about 50 mu m) as shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 18

The following porous rod (the same porosity of about 50% (volume ratio, within a ± 3% difference)) was used (the metal surface was covered with zirconium nitride composite ceramic, etc.) to imbibe and store substances (liquids, etc.) and triacetin.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 50 mu m and the outer length of 10cm and the width of 10cm by using a metal tungsten wire with the diameter of 300 mu m;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

taking the following components in percentage by mass: 45% of zirconium nitride (with average particle size of about lum), 20% of silicon dioxide (with average particle size of about lum), 14% of titanium dioxide (with average particle size of about lum), 9% of binder and 12% of burning promoter, wherein the binder is polyvinyl alcohol, the burning promoter is a mixture of sodium oxide, calcium oxide, iron oxide and magnesium oxide (with average particle size of about 3um), and the mass ratio of sodium oxide, calcium oxide, iron oxide and magnesium oxide is 1: 12: 8: 11, and the zirconium nitride, the silicon dioxide, the titanium dioxide, the burning promoter and the binder are mixed with equal volume amount of graphite and starch powder (with volume ratio of 1: 1 of graphite and starch and average particle size of 10um) (with appropriate amount of absolute ethyl alcohol added) for granulation to obtain a mixed material.

Dry-pressing the mixture at a pressure of 100T to obtain a green body 1 having a length of 10cm and a width of 10cm and a thickness of about 50 μm), placing the thin metal wire mesh on the green body 1, adding the same amount of the mixture thereon, and pressing again to obtain a green body 2 having a length of 10cm and a width of 10cm and a thickness of about 380 μm. The biscuit 2 obtained is then enclosed in the manner shown in FIG. 2 (multiple spirals, with a spacing of the adjacent webs of about 100 μm) to form a hollow cylindrical body of about 10cm in length and about 1cm in diameter.

And (3) carrying out glue discharging and sintering on the biscuit 2, and then carrying out polishing and ultrasonic cleaning.

The glue discharging process comprises the following steps: heating from room temperature to 1H to 195 deg.C, then 8H to 500 deg.C, and then 3H to 905 deg.C.

The sintering process comprises the following steps: heating at room temperature for 5H to 500 deg.C, heating at 5H to 1210 deg.C, heating at 5H to 1800 deg.C, and maintaining at constant temperature for 2H.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 19

A porous rod (porosity of the same about 60% (volume ratio, within ± 3%) of barium titanate (BaTi03) ceramic, etc.) was used as follows (metal surface covered with barium titanate (BaTi03) ceramic, etc.) to adsorb and store substances (liquid, etc.) to dibutyrin.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing porous metal sheets: punching (by laser drilling or mechanical punching) round holes with the diameter of 100 microns on a metal palladium sheet with the width of 5cm, the length of 8cm and the thickness of 200 microns, wherein the distance between the centers of adjacent holes is 150 microns, holes are not formed at the positions 1-2mm away from the four sides of the sheet, and the other areas are all full of holes according to the method;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

anatase type titanium dioxide (TiO2) (containing 20% of a binder (PVA)) was pressed into a green compact under a pressing pressure of about 100MPa to obtain a green compact 1 (having a length of 5cm and a width of 8cm and a weight of about 1.5g), the porous metal sheet was placed on the green compact 1, and the same amount of the anatase type titanium dioxide (TiO2) was added thereto (spread) and pressed into a 50% dense titanium dioxide green compact 2 again. The biscuit 2 obtained is then enclosed in the manner shown in FIG. 2 (multiple spirals with a spacing of adjacent lamellae of about 50 μm) to form a hollow cylindrical body of 5cm in length and about 1cm in diameter. The green body 2 is then fired (at a temperature below 500 ℃ C. to burn off the binder used in the preforming step. the green body after firing weighs about 2.5g (deducts the weight of the porous metal sheet).

Hydrothermal liquid phase sintering of green bodies

41.2mL of a1 molar barium hydroxide Ba (OH) 2.8H 20 solution was infiltrated into the green compact at 90 ℃ for various reaction times (1 to 194 hours). The degree of filling in the autoclave is about 75% to 80%, and the autoclave includes a water vapor pressure of about 2 atm. The process was carried out in an excess of barium ions such that the molar ratio of barium to titanium (Ba: Ti) was about 1.2: 1. The sintered compact is then filtered, rinsed and dried.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a porous metal sheet according to the same method as the preparation step 1 of the embodiment, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the preparation step 2 of the embodiment, but not placing a metal sheet in the middle, attaching the metal sheet to the bottom surface of the blank, wherein the metal sheet can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then enclosing a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent sheets is about 50 mu m) shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

the procedure is as in step 2 of the example, but the procedure is the same except that no foil is placed.

Example 20

A porous rod (with the same porosity of about 60% (by volume, within a range of + -3%) with a porous rod (with a metal surface coated with strontium titanate (SrTiO3) ceramic, etc.) was used to imbibe and store a substance (liquid, etc.) to 1, 3-propanediol monoethyl ester.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 50 mu m and the outer length of 10cm and the width of 10cm by using metal 403 stainless steel wires with the diameter of 200 mu m;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

anatase type titanium dioxide (TiO2) (containing 15% of a binder (PVA)) was pressed into a green compact under a pressing pressure of about 100MPa to obtain a green compact 1 (10 cm in length and 10cm in width), the above thin metal wire net was placed on the above green compact 1, and the same amount of the above anatase type titanium dioxide (TiO2) (spread uniformly) was added thereto and pressed again into a green compact 2 of 50% dense titanium dioxide. The biscuit 2 obtained is then enclosed in the manner shown in FIG. 2 (multiple spirals, with a spacing of the adjacent webs of about 50 μm) to form a hollow cylindrical body of about 10cm in length and about 1cm in diameter. The biscuit 2 is then fired (at a temperature P below 500 ℃ to burn out the binder used in the preforming step. the green body after firing weighs about 7.402g (deducting the weight of the 403 stainless steel wire mesh grid).

Next, an aqueous solution of Sr (OH) 2.8H 2O (27.00g) was prepared in distilled Deionized (DI) water (53.01 g). The green compact was then placed in a Teflon mesh and immersed in a 90ml tleflo vessel containing strontium hydroxide solution. The container was sealed and placed in a pre-heated (105 ℃) oven for 24 hours. Subsequently, the compacts were rinsed in 50mL of ammonium acetate buffer (pH about 5.0) for ten minutes and filtered under vacuum. The sintered compact was then dried overnight in an electric oven at 100 ℃.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a thin metal wire mesh according to the same method as the embodiment preparation step 1, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the embodiment preparation step 2, but not placing the metal wire mesh in the middle, attaching the metal wire mesh to the bottom surface of the blank, wherein the metal wire mesh can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then enclosing a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 10cm and the diameter of about 1cm in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent wire meshes of about 50 mu m) as shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

the procedure is as in step 2 of the example, but without the addition of a thin metal wire screen, the rest being the same.

Example 21

A porous rod (porosity of the same about 60% (volume ratio, within a range of. + -. 3%)) was used as a material (liquid, etc.) for absorption and storage (1, 3-propanediol lactate).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 50 mu m and the outer length of 8cm and the width of 5cm by using metal silver wires with the diameter of 200 mu m;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

pressing SnO2 and caffeine salicylate (both at a volume ratio of 1: 1, average particle diameter of about 50um) (containing 20% of binder (PVA)) into compact under 100MPa to obtain biscuit 1 (8 cm in length and 5cm in width), placing the thin metal wire mesh on biscuit 1, adding the same amount of Sn02 (uniformly spread), and pressing into compact Sn02 and caffeine salicylate biscuit 2. The biscuit 2 obtained is then enclosed in the manner shown in FIG. 2 (multiple spirals, with a spacing of the adjacent webs of about 50 μm) to form a hollow cylindrical body of 5cm in length and about 1cm in diameter. The biscuit 2 is then fired (at a temperature P below 500 c to burn out the binder and the caffeine salicylate salt used in the preforming step. the green body after firing weighs about 5.0g (deducts the weight of the wire mesh).

Next, a 1M aqueous solution of barium hydroxide (36.5mL) was placed in a Teflon container along with a SnO2 compact (Ba: Sn molar ratio of about 1.1: 1.0). The sintered compact was then removed, rinsed in ammonium acetate buffer for about ten minutes, filtered, and then dried under vacuum at room temperature.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a thin metal wire mesh according to the same method as the embodiment preparation method step 1, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the embodiment preparation method step 2, but not placing the metal wire mesh in the middle, attaching the metal wire mesh to the bottom surface of the blank, wherein the metal wire mesh can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then enclosing a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent wire meshes is about 50 mu m) shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 22

A porous rod (porosity of the same about 60% (volume ratio, within a ± 3% difference)) was used (metal surface covered with CoFe204 ceramic, etc.) to imbibe and store the substance (liquid, etc.) ethyl myristate.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 50 mu m and the outer length of 8cm and the width of 5cm by using metal bronze wires with the diameter of 200 mu m;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

pressing Co203 and caffeine salicylate (with a volume ratio of 1: 1 and an average particle diameter of about 20um) (containing 20% of binder (PVA)) into a compact with a pressing pressure of about 100MPa to obtain a biscuit 1 (8 cm in length and 5cm in width), placing the thin metal wire mesh on the biscuit 1, adding the same amount of Co203 (uniformly spread) thereon, and pressing into compact biscuit 2 of Co203 and caffeine salicylate. The biscuit 2 obtained is then enclosed in the manner shown in FIG. 2 (multiple spirals, with a spacing of the adjacent webs of about 50 μm) to form a hollow cylindrical body of 5cm in length and about 1cm in diameter. The biscuit 2 is then fired (at a temperature P below 500 c to burn out the binder and the caffeine salicylate salt used in the preforming step. the green body after firing weighs about 5.0g (deducts the weight of the wire mesh).

Next, 1M aqueous iron (II) sulfate (33.2mL, pH adjusted to about 12 with sodium hydroxide) was placed in a Teflon container along with a Co2O3 compact (Fe: Co molar ratio of about 2.2: 1.0). The sintered compact was then removed, rinsed in ammonium acetate buffer for about ten minutes, filtered, and then dried under vacuum at room temperature.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 23

A porous rod (porosity of the same about 60% (volume ratio, within a ± 3% difference)) was used as follows (metal surface covered with SrCrO4 ceramic, etc.) to imbibe and store a substance (liquid, etc.): diethyl suberate.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with mesh size (length and width) of 50 μm and outer length of 8cm and width of 5cm with 200 μm diameter metal hafnium wire;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

pressing SrO and caffeine salicylate (with a volume ratio of 1: 1 and an average particle diameter of about 20um) (containing 20% of binder (PVA)) into a compact under a pressure of about 100MPa to obtain a green body 1 (8 cm in length and 5cm in width), placing the thin metal wire mesh on the green body 1, adding the same amount of SrO (uniformly spread) thereon, and pressing into a compact SrO and caffeine salicylate green body 2. The biscuit 2 obtained is then enclosed in the manner shown in FIG. 2 (multiple spirals, with a spacing of the adjacent webs of about 50 μm) to form a hollow cylindrical body of 5cm in length and about 1cm in diameter. The biscuit 2 is then fired (at a temperature P below 500 c to burn out the binder and the caffeine salicylate salt used in the preforming step. the green body after firing weighs about 5.0g (deducts the weight of the wire mesh).

Next, a 1M aqueous solution of dichromate (26.5mL) prepared by dissolving 7.8g K2Cr207 in concentrated sulfuric acid was placed in a Teflon container along with a SrO compact (Cr: Sr molar ratio of about 1.1: 1.0). The sintered compact was then removed, rinsed in ammonium acetate buffer for about ten minutes, filtered, and then dried under vacuum at room temperature.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 24

The following porous rods (porosity: same about 50% (volume ratio, within + -3% difference)) were used (metal surface covered with Cal0(OH)2(PO4)6 ceramic, etc.) to imbibe and store the substances (liquid, etc.): triethyl citrate.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 50 mu m and the outer length of 8cm and the width of 5cm by using metal wires with the diameter of 200 mu m;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

pressing CaO and caffeine salicylate (both at a volume ratio of 1: 1 and an average particle diameter of about 20 μm) (containing 20% of binder (PVA)) under a pressing pressure of about 100MPa to obtain green body 1 (8 cm in length and 5cm in width), placing the thin metal wire mesh on the green body 1, adding the same amount of Ca0 (uniformly spread), and pressing into compact green body 2 of CaO and caffeine salicylate. The biscuit 2 obtained is then enclosed in the manner shown in FIG. 2 (multiple spirals, with a spacing of the adjacent webs of about 50 μm) to form a hollow cylindrical body of 5cm in length and about 1cm in diameter. The biscuit 2 is then fired (at a temperature below 500 ℃ C. to burn out the binder and caffeine salicylate salts used in the preforming step. the green body after firing weighs about 5.0g (deducts the weight of the wire mesh).

Next, a 1M aqueous solution of calcium pyrophosphate Ca2P207 (73.6mL) was placed in a Teflon container along with a CaO compact (total Ca: P molar ratio of about 1.6: 1.0). The sintered compact was then removed, rinsed in ammonium acetate buffer for about ten minutes, filtered, and then dried under vacuum at room temperature.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 25

A porous rod (porosity of about 50% (volume ratio, ± 3% difference) was used as follows (metal surface covered fluorapatite ceramics, etc.) to imbibe and store substances (liquids, etc.): diethyl succinate.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 50 mu m and the outer length of 8cm and the width of 5cm by using metal niobium-titanium alloy (10/90, wt/wt) with the diameter of 200 mu m;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

CaF2 and caffeine salicylate (both at a volume ratio of 1: 1, average particle size of about 5mm) (containing 20% binder (PVA)) were pressed into a compact at a pressing pressure of about 100MPa to obtain a green compact 1 (8 cm in length and 5cm in width), and the thin wire net was placed on the green compact 1, and the same amount of CaF2 (spread) was added thereto and pressed into dense CaF2 and caffeine salicylate 2 green compacts. The biscuit 2 obtained is then enclosed in the manner shown in FIG. 2 (multiple spirals, with a spacing of the adjacent webs of about 50 μm) to form a hollow cylindrical body of 5cm in length and about 1cm in diameter. The biscuit 2 is then fired (at a temperature below 500 ℃ C. to burn out the binder and caffeine salicylate salts used in the preforming step. the green body after firing weighs about 5.0g (deducts the weight of the wire mesh).

200ml of deionized water was charged to a Teflon pot and 12.5g K3PO4 and 50g KOH were added. The lid of the can was closed and allowed to cool to room temperature. Green CaF2 was placed on teflon trays and immersed in the teflon pots. The lid of the jar was closed and placed in a preheated oven at 95 ℃ for 7 days, and the sample was rinsed with deionized water.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 26

A porous rod (porosity of about 40% (volume ratio, within a range of. + -. 3%)) was used as a material (liquid, etc.) for adsorbing and storing ethanol (metal surface-coated polymer CBC composite ceramic, etc.).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: mixing powdered iridium metal and 40% (volume ratio based on the total volume of the two) ammonium carbonate with an average pore diameter of 50 μm, and hot isostatic pressing in vacuum or hydrogen to obtain a porous metal body (rectangular solid with length, width and height of 8cm, 2cm and 1cm, respectively);

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

the raw material ratio is as follows: the solid S component and the parts (by weight of 100 parts) are as follows:

metakaolin: 60 portions of

Clay burning: 40 portions of

The liquid phase L component and water are proportioned according to the parts by weight of 100 parts:

sodium water glass (modulus 1.2): 60 portions of

Water: 40 portions of

The specific preparation process comprises the following steps:

(1) calcining metakaolin crude ore powder with a particle size of more than 200 meshes or kaolin powder subjected to water washing and optimization in air at 600-900 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain metakaolin crude ore powder;

(2) uniformly mixing water glass with the modulus of 1.2 and water in proportion for later use;

(3) mixing the solid phase S and the liquid L in a weight ratio of 1: 1, adjusting the viscosity to 0.5Pa.S, stirring for 30 minutes and homogenizing for later use;

(4) and (3) completely permeating the porous metal rod into the slurry, stirring for 60 minutes, taking out, placing in a high-temperature chamber at about 150 ℃, and foaming at constant temperature for 4 hours.

comparative example 2 preparation method:

(3) mixing the solid phase S and the liquid L in a weight ratio of 1: 1, adjusting the viscosity to 0.5Pa.S, stirring for 90 minutes and homogenizing for later use;

(4) injecting the slurry into a high temperature resistant mold (cuboid with length, width and height of 8cm, 2cm and 1cm respectively), placing in a high temperature chamber of about 150 deg.C, and foaming at constant temperature for 4 hr.

Example 27

The following porous rod (with the same porosity of about 30% (volume ratio, within a ± 3% difference)) was used (metal surface covered with lightweight aggregate ceramics, etc.) to adsorb and store the substance (liquid, etc.) to diethyl suberate.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

firstly 1), preparing an as-cast Fe-27% Ga (atomic fraction) master alloy by suction casting pure Fe with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 wt% and Ga with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 wt% as raw materials in a high vacuum arc furnace under the protection of 0.75 standard atmospheric pressure argon;

2) placing the prepared cast-state FeGa mother alloy in a 10T magnetic field, heating to 1450 ℃, preserving the temperature for 1 hour, and directionally solidifying the cast-state FeGa mother alloy under the conditions of temperature gradient of 10 ℃/mm and drawing rate of 0.01 mm/s;

3) placing the prepared FeGa alloy which is directionally solidified under the magnetic field in a 12T magnetic field, preserving heat for 0.5 hour at 1050 ℃, cooling to 850 ℃ at a cooling rate of 0.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5 hour, and then quenching;

4) performing hot forging on the FeGa alloy subjected to magnetic field heat treatment at 720 ℃ with the total reduction ratio of 0.35;

5) carrying out room-temperature drawing large plastic deformation on the FeGa alloy subjected to hot forging, wherein the total surface reduction rate of the FeGa alloy is 0.3;

6) placing the FeGa material obtained after large plastic deformation in a 0.1T magnetic field, preserving the heat for 1 hour at the temperature of 650 ℃, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace;

7) carrying out large plastic deformation on the FeGa alloy subjected to the heat treatment in the step 6) at room temperature by secondary drawing with the total reduction ratio of 0.15;

8) finally, the alloy wire with the diameter of 0.1mm after the large plastic deformation is placed in a magnetic field of 0.01T, the temperature is kept for 1 hour under the condition of 500 ℃, and finally the quenching water is cooled to the room temperature.

Secondly, weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 50 mu m and the outer length of 8cm and the width of 5cm by using the alloy wires;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

1) compounding and production of a curing agent (the material measurement units are parts by mass): 10 parts of blast furnace granulated slag, 20 parts of lime, 5 parts of desulfurized gypsum and 65 parts of red mud are weighed, mixed, aged for 2 hours and ground and sieved in a ball mill into 0.08mm powder.

2) Taking silt with 20 percent of mud content and 80 percent of sand content, mixing and stirring 10 parts of curing agent and 90 parts of silt uniformly according to the mass ratio to obtain a light aggregate mixture, taking and pressing a blank, wherein the pressing pressure is about 100MPa to obtain a biscuit 1 (8 cm in length, 5cm in width and 0.2mm in thickness), placing the thin metal wire mesh on the biscuit 1, adding the same amount of the mixture on the thin metal wire mesh, and pressing the mixture into a compact mixture biscuit 2 again.

3) And (3) enclosing the obtained biscuit 2 into a hollow cylindrical blank with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm according to the mode of figure 2 (multiple spirals, the distance between adjacent wire nets is about 50 mu m), uniformly spraying water with the weight of 15 percent of the mixture in a mist form, naturally standing for 4 hours, then sending the blank into an autoclave for autoclaving and hydration reaction for 6 hours under the pressure of 0.8MPa, finally forming gel minerals mainly containing hydrated aluminosilicate, and cooling and discharging the gel minerals out of the autoclave to form the porous metal rod coated with the lightweight aggregate.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 28

A porous rod (porosity: about 50% (volume ratio,. + -. 3% difference)) of a storage substance (liquid, etc.) to propylene glycol-glycerin (7: 3, v/v) was used as follows (metal surface-coated CBC (chemical bond ceramics, etc.).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

1) doping according to the weight ratio of 0.2% of La2O3 and 0.1% of Nd2O3, adding 200gLa2O3 and 100gNd2O3 into 100kg of molybdenum dioxide powder, fully and uniformly mixing, and then carrying out hydrogen reduction in a high-temperature reduction furnace to obtain molybdenum-lanthanum-neodymium alloy powder; the molybdenum alloy powder is filled into a rubber sleeve, is pressed into a round molybdenum rod by an isostatic pressing machine under the pressure of 160-180Mpa, and is sintered at the high temperature of 1900 ℃ in a medium-frequency sintering furnace to obtain the molybdenum-lanthanum-neodymium alloy molybdenum rod. And then the molybdenum-lanthanum-neodymium alloy wire with the diameter of 0.18mm is processed by multi-pass rotary swaging and drawing.

2) Weaving thin metal wire nets (5 in total) with mesh size (length and width) of 100 μm and outer length of 5cm and width of 0.8cm by using the alloy wires; preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

1) taking 100 parts of three-stage fly ash, 8 parts of cement kiln dust, 5 parts of lime, 5 parts of caustic soda and 0.8 part of sodium silicate, respectively metering, blending and grinding for 30 minutes to obtain a component (1); 0.05 part of triethanolamine, 10 parts of polyvinyl acetate emulsion and 15 parts of water are uniformly mixed for 3 minutes to form a component (2); forcibly and uniformly mixing the component (1) and the component (2), mixing for 30 minutes to obtain a mixture, taking and pressing a blank with the pressing pressure of about 100MPa to obtain a biscuit 1 (5 cm in length and 0.8cm in thickness and 1mm in width), placing the thin metal wire mesh on the biscuit 1, adding the same amount of the mixture, and pressing again to obtain a 40% dense mixture biscuit 2; this was repeated 4 more times (in the manner shown in FIG. 7 or 9) to obtain a rectangular parallelepiped 5cm in length and 8mm in width and 8mm in thickness.

2) The blank is naturally placed for 10 hours and is placed in a steam environment with the gauge pressure of 0.8MPa at 175 ℃ for curing for 6 hours to form the product, and the density of the material is 1.75g/cm3, the compressive strength is 80MPa, and the flexural strength is 9 MPa.

Comparative example 1 was prepared by the same method as in example preparation step 1, and then a rectangular parallelepiped 5cm long by 8mm wide by 8mm thick (5 wire mesh screens wound and fixed on both sides of the long side with 3 molybdenum-lanthanum-neodymium alloy wires each having a diameter of 0.18mm and having substantially the same distance therebetween) was constructed in the manner shown in fig. 7 or 9;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 29

A porous rod (porosity of the same about 70% (volume ratio, + -3% difference)) was used (metal surface coated calcium phosphate ceramic, etc.) to imbibe and store the substance (liquid, etc.) propylene glycol-glycerin (8: 2, v/v).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod:

1) the manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy wire comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out cold drawing on an aluminum-magnesium-silicon-scandium alloy rod (the diameter is 9.5mm) to obtain an aluminum alloy wire with the diameter of 2.5 mm; (2) keeping the aluminum alloy wire with the diameter of 2.5mm obtained in the step (1) at 485 ℃ for 12 hours; (3) carrying out secondary cold drawing on the aluminum alloy wire with the diameter of 2.5mm processed in the step (2) to obtain an aluminum alloy wire with the diameter of 0.28 mm; (4) and (4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy wire with the diameter of 0.28mm obtained in the step (3) at the temperature of 152 ℃ for 8 hours. The aluminum-magnesium-silicon-scandium alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.33 percent of Si, 0.27 percent of Fe0.27 percent, 0.53 percent of Mg0.26 percent, 0.024 percent of Ti0.2 percent, and the balance of Al.

2) Weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 80 μm and the outer length of 8cm and the width of 5cm by using the alloy wires, and then enclosing a hollow cylinder with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm in a manner shown in figure 2 (multiple spiral, the distance between adjacent wire meshes is about 80 μm);

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

poly (ethylene glycol) PEG (20000g/mol, aaa, Sigma Aldrich, Germany) was melted at 70 ℃, crushed and sieved between 100 and 600 μm. 3g of sieved PEG was mixed with 0.060g of beta-TCP (calcium phosphate) and 1.940g of alpha-TCP. The powders were mixed in a mixer (Willy a Bachofen AG, switzerland) for 1 hour before the liquid (0.8mL 2.5% Na2HPO4(aq)) was added. The slurry was mixed for 1 minute using a Cap shaker (Ivoclar Vivaden, USA).

The metal rod was completely infiltrated into the slurry, stirred for 30 minutes, taken out, and cured at room temperature (21 ℃ C.) for 48 hours. The PEG was then removed from the porous metal rod by first washing the porous metal rod 4 times with 100mL of water, after which an additional 100mL was added and the porous metal rod was stored at 70 ℃ for 2 hours. The water was replaced and the porous metal rod was again stored in 100mL of water at 70 ℃ for 2 hours. After the sacrificial phase (i.e., PEG) was completely removed, the porous metal rods were dried at 70 ℃ for 48 hours, yielding porous cermet (CBC) rods. The porous cermet (CBC) rod has an average pore diameter of 80 μm

Comparative example 1 was prepared according to the same procedure as in example 29, step 1;

comparative example 2/preparation of example 29-2:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: the powdered Al-Mg-Si-Sc alloy was mixed with ammonium carbonate having an average pore diameter of 80 μm (in a volume ratio substantially equal to the porosity (volume ratio) of the cylindrical shape of the alloy wire braid in the examples) by a hot isostatic pressing (or foaming) process, and hot isostatic pressed in a vacuum or hydrogen gas to form a porous metal body (the porosity is substantially equal to the cylindrical shape of the alloy wire braid in the examples). The composition of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon-scandium alloy is basically the same as that of the embodiment; after that time, the user can use the device,

2. the same procedure was followed as in step 2 (preparation of a porous rod having a ceramic-coated metal surface) of example 29.

Example 30

A porous rod (porosity: about 80% (volume ratio,. + -. 3% difference)) was used as follows (metal surface-coated polymer-diatomaceous earth ceramic, etc.) to imbibe and store a substance (liquid, etc.) propylene glycol-glycerin (6: 4, v/v).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

1) preparing a high-strength high-ductility CuFe alloy, wherein the chemical composition is designed as follows (wt%): fe 11.2%, Cu 88.8%. And processing the CuFe alloy cast ingot into a wire with the diameter of 0.06 mm.

2) The alloy wires were used to weave a thin wire mesh having a mesh size (length and width) of 100 μm and an outer length of 8cm and a width of 5 cm.

2. Preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

1) preparing raw materials and reagents: kieselguhr, metakaolin, sodium hydroxide, water glass (modulus 2.2, density 1.526g/cm3), 2% sodium carboxymethylcellulose;

2) uniformly mixing sodium hydroxide, water glass and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 6: 4, heating and dissolving to obtain a geopolymerization initiator;

3) weighing 15% of metakaolin, 65% of diatomite and 20% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution according to the weight percentage, adding a little polymerization initiator, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, taking and compacting a blank, wherein the compacting pressure is about 100MPa to obtain a biscuit 1 (the length is 8cm, the width is 5cm, and the thickness is 0.2mm), placing the thin metal wire mesh on the biscuit 1, adding the same amount of the mixture, and pressing again to obtain a compact biscuit 2 of the mixture. The biscuit 2 obtained is then enclosed in the manner shown in FIG. 2 (multiple spirals, with a spacing of the adjacent webs of about 100 μm) to form a hollow cylindrical body of 5cm in length and about 1cm in diameter.

5) And placing the prepared ceramsite into an oven at 80 ℃, covering, sealing and maintaining for 24 hours to obtain the porous CuFe alloy rod with the surface covered with the geopolymer/diatomite ceramic.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a thin metal wire mesh according to the same method as the embodiment preparation step 1, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the embodiment preparation step 2, but not placing the metal wire mesh in the middle, attaching the metal wire mesh to the bottom surface of the blank, wherein the metal wire mesh can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then enclosing a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent wire meshes of about 100 mu m) shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 31

A porous rod (porosity of about 50% (volume to volume,. + -. 3% difference)) was used which imbibes and stores a substance (liquid, etc.) propylene glycol-glycerin (8.5: 1.5, v/v) (metal surface-coated polymer-based ceramics, etc.).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

1) the silver plating alloy wire processing step: A. silver plating: carrying out silver plating treatment on a nichrome wire with the diameter of 0.8-1.2 mm; B. drawing and heat treatment for many times: performing wire drawing treatment for several times, and performing heat treatment during each wire drawing, wherein the diameter of the alloy wire after wire drawing is 0.015-0.03 mm. The nickel-chromium alloy wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: cr: 13.25%, B: 0.104%, N: 0.052%, C: 0.011%, Mn: 1.33%, Si: 0.085%, Nb: 0.15%, W: 0.44%, Ti: 3.83%, Al: 0.23%, Cu: 0.17%, Mo: 0.41%, rare earth elements: 0.91%, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities; the rare earth elements comprise the following chemical components in percentage by mass: lanthanum: 27%, praseodymium: 4%, neodymium: 11%, europium: 5%, gadolinium: 18 percent, and the balance being cerium;

2) the alloy wires are used to weave a thin metal wire mesh with a mesh size (length and width) of 20 μm and an outer length of 8cm and a width of 5 cm.

2. Preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

1) weighing 8g of metakaolin, and analyzing by an instrument, wherein the metakaolin comprises the following components: 3.3g SiO2, 2.1g Al2O3, 0.15g Fe2O3, 0.11g CaO, 0.03g MgO, 0.03g second metal oxide (oxides impurities including manganese oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide and rare metal oxide);

2) weighing 0.89g of sodium hydroxide, 2.22g of sodium metaaluminate, 13.39g of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate and 3g of Tween 80, dissolving in 5mL of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain an alkaline activator;

3) mixing the metakaolin and the alkaline activator uniformly to obtain a mixture, taking and compacting the mixture under the compacting pressure of about 100MPa to obtain a biscuit 1 (8 cm in length, 5cm in width and 0.2mm in thickness), placing the thin metal wire mesh on the biscuit 1, adding the same amount of the mixture on the thin metal wire mesh, and pressing the mixture into a compact mixture biscuit 2. The biscuit 2 obtained is then surrounded in the manner shown in FIG. 2 (multiple spirals, spacing of adjacent wires of about 200 μm) into a hollow cylindrical body 5cm in length and 1.5cm in diameter.

2) And naturally placing the blank for 10 hours, and then placing the blank in a steam environment with the temperature of 75 ℃ and the gauge pressure of 0.8MPa for curing for 6 hours to obtain the product.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a thin metal wire mesh according to the same method as the method in the step 1 of the preparation method of the embodiment, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the method in the step 2 of the preparation method of the embodiment, but the middle part of the blank is not provided with the metal wire mesh, the metal wire mesh is attached to the bottom surface of the blank, the metal wire mesh can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then a hollow cylinder with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 1.5cm is constructed in a surrounding mode (multiple spiral, the distance between adjacent wire meshes is about 200 mu m) according to the attached drawing 2, and the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 32

Porous rods (with the same porosity of about 60% (volume to volume, ± 3% difference)) were used (metal surface coated polymer-based ceramics, etc.) to imbibe and store substances (liquids, etc.) propylene glycol-glycerin (5: 5, v/v).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 50 mu m and the width of 5cm by using aluminum-magnesium alloy wires with the diameter of 100 mu m, then enclosing 9 small tubes with the diameter of 1mm and 8 small tubes with the diameter of 0.5mm and the length of 5cm, enclosing 6 cylindrical porous metal rods with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 4mm by using the thin metal wire mesh according to the mode shown in the attached drawing 13, and enclosing cylindrical porous metal rods with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 12mm by using the thin metal wire mesh according to the mode shown in the attached drawing 14; the aluminum-magnesium alloy wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.4% scandium, 0.6% molybdenum, 0.8% rhodium, 9% magnesium, 0.2% zirconium, 0.1% silicon, 0.05% hafnium, 0.06% tin, the balance being aluminium.

2. Preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

1) uniformly mixing 20 parts (by weight, the same below) of diatomite, 5 parts of PMMA microspheres (the diameter of the microspheres is 5 micrometers) and 100 parts of deionized water, and cooling to 0-5 ℃ to obtain a mixture 1, wherein the PMMA microspheres are used as a template agent, and the diatomite is used as a pelletizing base material;

2) adding 20 parts of water glass (with the temperature of 0-5 ℃) containing 10% of sodium hydroxide into the mixture 1, uniformly mixing to obtain slurry, completely permeating the porous metal rod into the slurry, stirring for 3 minutes, taking out, heating to 60 ℃ for polymerization reaction, and reacting for 12 hours;

3) and (3) putting the porous metal rod of the geopolymer generated on the surface into an organic solvent (acetone or trichloromethane and the like), and soaking and dissolving the PMMA microspheres.

Comparative example 1 was prepared according to the same procedure as in example 32, step 1;

comparative example 2/preparation of example 32-2:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: a porous metal body (porosity substantially the same as that of the cylindrical shape of the alloy wire braid in the example) is produced by hot isostatic pressing (hot isostatic pressing) in a vacuum or hydrogen gas by mixing a powdery aluminum-magnesium alloy with ammonium carbonate having an average pore diameter of 50 μm (in the same amount (volume ratio)) in a gas expansion (or foaming) process. The composition of the aluminum magnesium alloy is basically the same as that of the embodiment; after that time, the user can use the device,

2. the same procedure was followed as in example 32, step 2 (preparation of a porous rod having a ceramic-coated metal surface).

Example 33

A porous rod (porosity of the same about 60% (volume ratio, within a + -3% difference)) was used as follows (metal surface-coated polymer-based ceramics, etc.) to imbibe and store a substance (liquid, etc.) propylene glycol-glycerin (6: 4, v/v).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod:

punching (by laser drilling or mechanical punching) 100-micrometer circular holes on a nickel-chromium alloy sheet with the length of 10cm, the width of 5cm and the thickness of 200 micrometers, wherein the distance between the centers of adjacent holes is 150 micrometers, the positions 1-2mm away from the four sides of the sheet are not provided with holes, the other areas are completely provided with full holes according to the method, and then enclosing into a hollow cylinder with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 8mm in a manner shown in the attached figure 3 (multiple spirals and the distance between the adjacent sheets is about 100 micrometers); the nickel-chromium alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: cr: 13.25%, B: 0.104%, N: 0.052%, C: 0.011%, Mn: 1.33%, Si: 0.085%, Nb: 0.15%, W: 0.44%, Ti: 3.83%, Al: 0.23%, Cu: 0.17%, Mo: 0.41%, rare earth elements: 0.91%, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities; the rare earth elements comprise the following chemical components in percentage by mass: lanthanum: 27%, praseodymium: 4%, neodymium: 11%, europium: 5%, gadolinium: 18% and the balance cerium.

2. Preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

150 parts of mixed soil consisting of kaolin and bentonite (8: 2, wt/wt), 50 parts of starch microspheres with the diameter of 10 microns and 1000 parts of deionized water are uniformly mixed and cooled to 0-5 ℃ to obtain a mixture 1, wherein starch is used as a template agent, and the mixed soil is used as a balling base material; adding 150 parts of water glass (with the temperature of 0-5 ℃) containing 15% of sodium hydroxide into the mixture 1, uniformly mixing to obtain slurry, completely permeating the porous metal rod into the slurry, stirring for 5 minutes, taking out, heating to 90 ℃ for polymerization reaction, and reacting for 24 hours; roasting at 900 deg.c for 6 hr to eliminate template agent starch.

Comparative example 1 was prepared according to the same procedure as in example 33, step 1;

comparative example 2/preparation of example 33-2:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: the porous metal body (porosity substantially the same as the cylindrical shape of the alloy wire braid in the example) was made by hot isostatic pressing (hot isostatic pressing) in a vacuum or hydrogen gas by mixing powdered nichrome alloy with ammonium carbonate having an average particle size of 100 μm (in the same amount (volume ratio)) in a gas expansion (or foaming) process and hot isostatic pressing. The composition of the nickel-chromium alloy is basically the same as that of the embodiment; after that time, the user can use the device,

2. the same procedure was followed as in example 33, step 2 (preparation of a porous rod having a ceramic-coated metal surface).

Example 34

The following porous rods (with the same porosity of about 40% (volume ratio, ± 3% difference)) were used (metal surface-coated polymer-based ceramics, etc.) for imbibing and storing substances (liquids, etc.) propylene glycol-glycerin (7: 3, v/v).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 1cm and the outer length of 8cm and the width of 5cm by using Al-Cu alloy wires with the diameter of 1.5 mm; the Al-Cu alloy is calculated by 100 percent of total mass, the mass percentage of copper element is 6.0 percent, the mass percentage of iron element is 0.11 percent, the mass percentage of silicon element is 0.05 percent, the mass percentage of manganese element is 0.3 percent, the mass percentage of magnesium element is 0.02 percent, the mass percentage of zinc element is 0.01 percent, the mass percentage of titanium element is 0.1 percent, the mass percentage of zirconium element is 0.15 percent, the mass percentage of vanadium element is 0.1 percent, and the balance is Al.

2. Preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

1) uniformly stirring and mixing dry materials such as 50% of metakaolin, 25% of water glass, 3% of quicklime, 5% of PVA, 17% of borneol (with the average particle size of 20 mu m), and the like, adding water accounting for 8% of the total weight of the dry materials, and uniformly stirring to obtain a soft material; pressing to obtain green body 1 (8 cm in length, 5cm in width, and 0.5mm in thickness) under 100MPa, placing the thin metal wire mesh on the green body 1, adding the same amount of the above mixture, and pressing to obtain compact green body 2. The biscuit 2 obtained is then surrounded in the manner shown in FIG. 2 (multiple spirals, spacing of adjacent screens being about 20 μm) into a hollow cylindrical body 5cm in length and about 2cm in diameter.

2) Spraying water in an atomized form in an amount which is 15% of the weight of the blank (excluding the weight of the thin metal wire mesh), naturally placing the blank for 10 hours, placing the blank in a steam environment at 300 ℃ (removing PVA and borneol), and curing for 8 hours under the gauge pressure of 0.8MPa to obtain the finished product.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a thin metal wire mesh according to the same method as the embodiment preparation method step 1, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the embodiment preparation method step 2, but not placing the metal wire mesh in the middle, attaching the metal wire mesh to the bottom surface of the blank, wherein the metal wire mesh can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then enclosing a hollow cylinder with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 2cm in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent wire meshes of about 20 microns) as shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 35

A porous rod (porosity of the same about 80% (volume ratio, within a ± 3% difference)) was used (metal surface covered with calcium sulfate ceramic, etc.) to imbibe and store the substance (liquid, etc.) ionone.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: processing copper-iron alloy cast ingots (wherein the components in wt.%) are Fe 50%, Ni 0.27%, La 0.02%, Ce 0.04% and Cu 49.67%) into phi 0.06mm wires, weaving 50 thin metal wire nets with mesh size (length and width) of 100 μm and outer length of 5cm and width of 1cm by using the alloy wires, and connecting the 50 wire nets by using 3 alloy wires on two sides of the long side of each thin metal wire net to construct a cuboid metal wire net with length of 5cm, width of 1cm and thickness of about 8mm, wherein the distance between the directly adjacent wire nets is about 100 μm;

2. mixing 20 g of water, 0.5 g of acetic acid, 2g of sodium sulfate and 2g of dicalcium phosphate, adjusting the pH value to 3, and uniformly stirring to obtain a calcium sulfate soak solution; immersing the porous metal rod into a calcium sulfate salt soaking solution, heating the calcium sulfate salt soaking solution to 70 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10 hours, and cooling to room temperature to continue soaking for 5 hours; the porous metal rod was taken out, washed three times with deionized water, and dried to obtain a porous metal rod coated with calcium sulfate on the surface (repeated several times until the weight of the porous metal rod was increased by about 15% (dry)).

Comparative example 1 was prepared according to the same procedure as in example 35, step 1;

comparative example 2/preparation of example 35-2:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: a powder copper-iron alloy (wherein each component is (wt.%): Fe 50%, Ni 0.27%, La 0.02%, Ce 0.04%, Cu 49.67%) is mixed with ammonium carbonate having an average pore size of 100 μm (in the same amount (volume) as the porosity (volume) of the rectangular parallelepiped woven with the alloy wire in example) by a gas expansion (or foaming) process using hot isostatic pressing (hot isostatic pressing), and a porous metal body (the porosity is substantially the same as the rectangular parallelepiped woven with the alloy wire in example) is produced by hot isostatic pressing in vacuum or hydrogen; after that time, the user can use the device,

2. the same procedure was followed as in example 35, step 2 (preparation of a porous rod having a ceramic-coated metal surface).

Example 36

The following porous rods (with the same porosity of about 70% (volume ratio, ± 3% difference)) were used (metal surface covered with rubidium carbonate ceramic, etc.) for the uptake and storage of substances (liquids, etc.) and propylene glycol-glycerin (8: 2, v/v).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal wire mesh rod:

1) the manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy wire comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out cold drawing on an aluminum-magnesium-silicon-scandium alloy rod (the diameter is 9.5mm) to obtain an aluminum alloy wire with the diameter of 2.5 mm; (2) keeping the temperature of the aluminum alloy wire with the diameter of 2.5mm obtained in the step (1) at 482 ℃ for 12 hours; (3) carrying out secondary cold drawing on the aluminum alloy wire with the diameter of 2.5mm processed in the step (2) to obtain an aluminum alloy wire with the diameter of 0.21 mm; (4) and (4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the aluminum alloy wire with the diameter of 0.21mm obtained in the step (3) at the temperature of 152 ℃ for 6-15 hours. The aluminum-magnesium-silicon-scandium alloy rod comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.52 percent of Si, 0.16 percent of Fe0.16 percent, 0.68 percent of Mg0.17 percent of Ce0.17 percent, 0.036 percent of Ti0.15 percent of Sc0.15 percent, and the balance of Al.

2) Weaving a thin metal wire mesh with mesh size (length and width) of 50 μm and outer length of 8cm and width of 5cm with the alloy wires, and enclosing to form a hollow cylinder with length of 5cm and diameter of 1cm in the manner shown in figure 2 (multiple spiral, and the distance between adjacent wire meshes is about 50 μm);

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

mixing 20 g of water and 2g of sodium carbonate, and stirring uniformly to obtain a soaking solution; immersing a porous metal rod into the soaking solution, adding 2g of rubidium chloride, stirring uniformly, heating the soaking solution to 50 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10 hours, cooling to room temperature, and continuing to soak for 5 hours; the porous metal rod was taken out, rinsed three times with deionized water, and dried to obtain a porous metal rod whose surface was coated with a rubidium carbonate salt (repeated several times until the weight of the porous metal rod was increased by about 50% (dry)).

Comparative example 1 was prepared according to the same procedure as in example 36, step 1;

comparative example 2/preparation of example 36-2:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: a porous metal body (porosity substantially the same as that of the cylindrical shape of the alloy wire braid in the examples) is produced by hot isostatic pressing (hot isostatic pressing) in a vacuum or hydrogen gas by mixing a powdered Al-Mg-Si-Sc alloy with ammonium carbonate (in the same amount (volume ratio)) having an average pore diameter of 50 μm in a gas expansion (or foaming) process. The composition of the aluminum-magnesium-silicon-scandium alloy is basically the same as that of the embodiment; after that time, the user can use the device,

2. the same procedure was followed as in step 2 (preparation of a porous rod having a ceramic-coated metal surface) of example 36.

Example 37

A porous rod (porosity of about 35% (volume ratio, +/-3% difference)) was used (metal surface coated fluoride transparent ceramic, etc.) to imbibe and store substances (liquids, etc.) propylene glycol-glycerin (7: 3, v/v).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

1) doping according to the weight ratio of 0.6 percent of La203 and 4 percent of Nd203, adding 600gLa203 and 400gNd203 into 100kg of molybdenum dioxide powder, fully and uniformly mixing, and then reducing by hydrogen in a high-temperature reducing furnace to obtain molybdenum-lanthanum-neodymium alloy powder.

The molybdenum alloy powder is filled into a rubber sleeve, is pressed into a round molybdenum rod by an isostatic pressing machine under the pressure of 160-180Mpa, and is sintered at the high temperature of 1900 ℃ in a medium-frequency sintering furnace to obtain the molybdenum-lanthanum-neodymium alloy molybdenum rod. And then the molybdenum-lanthanum-neodymium alloy wire with the diameter of 0.18mm is processed by multi-pass rotary swaging and drawing.

2) Weaving wave-shaped thin metal wire nets (2 in total) with the mesh size (length and width) of 100 μm, length of 5cm, width of 8mm and height of 2mm in figure 8 with the alloy wires;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

1) dissolving a chemical pure reagent Ba (N03)2 in deionized water to prepare a solution with the molar concentration of 0.2M, then adding excessive ammonium fluoride to generate a barium fluoride (BaF2) precipitate, stirring at a stirring speed of 200rpm to obtain a barium fluoride suspension, and aging for 14 hours, washing with water and drying for 14 hours to obtain pure-phase cubic barium fluoride powder with the average particle size of about 40 nm. Adding a chemical pure reagent Yb203 (ytterbium oxide) into nitric acid, heating and dissolving to prepare a solution with the concentration of 2M, then adding ammonium fluoride to generate YbF3 (ytterbium fluoride) precipitate, stirring at the stirring speed of 300rpm to obtain YbF3 suspension, and aging for 24 hours, washing with water and drying for 24 hours to obtain ytterbium fluoride powder with the average particle size of about 50 nm. Erbium fluoride (ErF3) powder having the same average particle size as ytterbium fluoride powder was prepared in the same manner.

2) Weighing nano raw material powder according to mole percentages of BaF 270%, YbF 320% and ErF 310%, ball-milling the raw materials for 12 hours by a dry milling method to obtain mixed nano raw material powder, and adding 30% (wt/wt) salicylic acid (with the average particle size of about 100) and 5% (wt/wt) adhesive (PYA) into the mixed nano raw material powder.

3) Pressing the prepared mixed nano raw material powder into a biscuit 1 (with the length of 5cm and the width of 10mm, and the weight of the raw material powder (deducting the weight of salicylic acid and the adhesive) is 50% of the weight of the porous metal wire mesh) in a dry pressing mode, putting one porous metal wire mesh on the biscuit 1, adding 200% of the raw material powder (deducting the weight of salicylic acid and the adhesive) of the weight of the porous metal wire mesh on the porous metal wire mesh, putting another porous metal wire mesh on the porous metal wire mesh, adding 250% of the raw material powder (deducting the weight of salicylic acid and the adhesive) of the weight of the porous metal wire mesh on the porous metal wire mesh, pressing into a biscuit 2 (with the length of 5cm and the width of 10mm and the thickness of about 6mm), setting the axial pressure of 10MPa, and carrying out cold isostatic pressing treatment under the pressure of 200 MPa; the biscuit was then pre-fired in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 600 ℃ for 2 hours. And (3) sintering the presintered biscuit in a vacuum hot pressing sintering furnace in vacuum, wherein the vacuum degree is 10-3Pa, the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, the sintering time is 1 hour, and finally, cooling to the room temperature at the rate of 5 ℃/min to obtain the fluoride transparent ceramic.

Comparative example 1 was prepared by the same method as in example preparation step 1, and then a rectangular parallelepiped having a length of 5cm, a width of 8mm and a thickness of about 6mm was constructed (2 mesh wires were wound and fixed on both sides of the long side with 3 wires of molybdenum-lanthanum-neodymium alloy);

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 38

Then, a porous rod (with the same porosity of about 40% (volume ratio, within a range of + -3%) with a metal surface coated with strontium fluorophosphate ceramic, etc.) was used to adsorb and store substances (liquid, etc.) and propylene glycol-glycerin (7: 3, v/v).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 0.2mm and the outer length of 8cm and the width of 5cm by using Al-Cu alloy wires with the diameter of 0.5 mm; the Al-Cu alloy is calculated by 100 percent of total mass, the mass percentage of copper element is 6.0 percent, the mass percentage of iron element is 1.2 percent, the mass percentage of silicon element is 0.05 percent, the mass percentage of manganese element is 0.3 percent, the mass percentage of magnesium element is 0.02 percent, the mass percentage of zinc element is 0.01 percent, the mass percentage of titanium element is 0.5 percent, the mass percentage of zirconium element is 0.5 percent, the mass percentage of vanadium element is 0.5 percent, and the balance is Al.

2. Preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

uniformly mixing 54% of strontium fluorophosphate, 20% of tricalcium phosphate, 8% of chromium sulfate, 5% of aluminum chloride, 2% of sodium metatitanate, 1% of ammonium molybdate and 10% of PVA to obtain raw material powder, compacting the raw material powder (in a mold) to obtain a biscuit 1 (the length is 8cm, the width is 5cm, and the weight of the raw material powder is 30% of that of the porous metal wire mesh), placing the thin metal wire mesh on the biscuit 1, adding the same amount of the raw material powder (uniformly paving), and compacting the biscuit 2 again, wherein the compacting pressure is about 100 MPa. Then, water in an amount of 10% by weight based on the total weight of the powder was sprayed onto the biscuit 2, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 2 hours. The biscuit 2 obtained was surrounded in the manner shown in FIG. 2 (multiple spirals, spacing of adjacent wire meshes about 200 μm) to form a hollow cylindrical body 5cm long and about 1cm in diameter. And then, standing the blank at 85 ℃ for 3 hours, taking out, transferring the blank into a reaction kettle, reacting at 275 ℃ for 8 hours, taking out, washing and air-drying to obtain the bioceramic coating.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a thin metal wire mesh according to the same method as the embodiment preparation step 1, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the embodiment preparation step 2, but not placing the metal wire mesh in the middle, attaching the metal wire mesh to the bottom surface of the blank, wherein the metal wire mesh can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then enclosing a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent wire meshes of about 200 mu m) shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 39

A porous rod (porosity as about 80% (volume to volume, + -3% difference)) was used to imbibe and store the material (liquid, etc.) propylene glycol-glycerol (8: 2, v/v).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal wire mesh rod:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the grid size (length and width) of 50 mu m and the width of 5cm by using aluminum magnesium alloy wires with the diameter of 100 mu m, then enclosing 70 small tubes with the diameter of 0.5mm and the length of 5cm by using the thin metal wire mesh, connecting the three upper, middle and lower parts of the small tubes by using the metal wires to form a tube band with the length of 5cm and the width of 5cm, and then enclosing into a cylindrical porous metal rod with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 1.5cm in the manner shown in the attached drawing 10; the aluminum-magnesium alloy wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.6% scandium, 0.8% molybdenum, 1.5% rhodium, 9% magnesium, 0.5% zirconium, 0.05% silicon, 0.15% hafnium, 0.1% tin, the balance being aluminium.

2. Preparing a porous rod with a metal surface covered with barium titanyl oxalate (Bal-xCaxTiO (C2O4) 2.4H 2O, wherein x is a value of more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2) ceramic:

oxalic acid (32.5 g, 0.258 mole in terms of H2C2O 4) and a 15.3 wt% titanium tetrachloride solution (64.1 g, 0.123 mole in terms of TiCl 4) were dissolved in 140ml of pure water to prepare solution a.

A slurry was prepared by dispersing 18.2g (0.092 mol, average particle size 0.24 μm) of barium carbonate and 2.28g (0.031 mol, average particle size 0.12 μm) of calcium hydroxide in 150ml of pure water, and the porous metal rod was immersed in solution b as solution b.

While maintaining at 25 ℃ under stirring, solution a was slowly and uniformly added to solution b (pH0.2) over 120 minutes, and further stirred at 25 ℃ for 30 minutes to effect aging. After aging, the porous metal rod coated with barium titanyl oxalate was taken out, and the surface was reslurried twice with 300ml of distilled water and carefully washed. Then, the porous metal rod was dried at 80 ℃ until the weight of the porous metal rod increased by about 50% (dry).

Comparative example 1 was prepared according to the same procedure as in example 39, step 1;

comparative example 2/preparation of example 39-2:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: a porous metal body (porosity substantially the same as that of the cylindrical shape of the alloy wire braid in the example) is produced by hot isostatic pressing (hot isostatic pressing) in a vacuum or hydrogen gas by mixing a powdery aluminum-magnesium alloy with ammonium carbonate having an average pore size of 40 μm (in the same amount (volume ratio)) in a gas expansion (or foaming) process. The composition of the aluminum magnesium alloy is basically the same as that of the embodiment; after that time, the user can use the device,

2. the same procedure was followed as in example 39, step 2 (preparation of a porous rod having a ceramic-coated metal surface).

Example 40

The following porous rods (porosity: about 40% (volume by volume, ± 3% within) were used (metal surface covered calcium metaphosphate ceramic, etc.): ethers formed by poly (/ condensation) of 1, 1-propanediol with 1, 1-propanediol.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 300 mu m and the outer length of 8cm and the width of 5cm by using an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy (heating wire) with the diameter of 300 mu m;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

1) preparation of Ca (H2PO4) 2. H2O (MCPM) precursor 42.06g of calcium oxide with a Ca/P mol ratio of about 0.5 was added to 500.0ml of a 3.0mol phosphoric acid solution, the solution was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 48 hours, then the beaker was placed in an electric heating constant temperature forced air drying oven, dried at 60 ℃ for 7 days, the dried powder was ball-milled, and the powder was sieved with a 200 mesh sieve. Obtaining Ca (H2PO4) 2. H20(MCPM) precursor powder;

2) preparation of calcium metaphosphate porous ceramic synthesized Ca (H2P04) 2. H20(MCPM) and 5.0 wt% PVA binder are mixed uniformly to obtain raw material powder, the powder is pressed into a compact (in a mould) to obtain a biscuit 1 (length 8cm, width 5cm, weight of the raw material powder is 40% of the weight of the porous metal wire mesh), the thin metal wire mesh is placed on the biscuit 1, the same amount of the raw material powder is added (evenly spread), and the biscuit 2 is pressed again, and the pressing pressure is about 100 MPa. Then, water accounting for 5 percent of the total weight of the powder is sprayed into the biscuit 2, and after standing for 2 hours, the obtained biscuit 2 is enclosed into a hollow cylindrical biscuit body with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm according to the mode of a figure 2 (multiple spiral, the distance between adjacent silk screens is about 30 mu m). And then heating the blank to 500 ℃ at the speed of 0.5 ℃/min, then heating to 935 ℃ at the speed of 5.0 ℃/min, sintering at 935 ℃ and preserving the temperature for 2.0h, and naturally cooling to obtain the porous metal rod with the surface covered with the calcium metaphosphate porous ceramic.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a thin metal wire mesh according to the same method as the embodiment preparation method step 1, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the embodiment preparation method step 2, but not placing the metal wire mesh in the middle, attaching the metal wire mesh to the bottom surface of the blank, wherein the metal wire mesh can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then enclosing a hollow cylinder with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent wire meshes of about 30 mu m) as shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

EXAMPLE 41

A porous rod (with the same porosity of about 50% (volume ratio, +/-3% difference)) was used as the following (metal surface covered with yttrium vanadate transparent ceramic, etc.) imbibe and store substances (liquids, etc.) to propylene glycol-glycerin (8: 2, v/v).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 50 mu m and the outer length of 8cm and the width of 5cm by using a nickel-chromium (Ni-Gr) alloy electric heating wire with the diameter of 100 mu m;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

1) dissolving 3.83g of yttrium nitrate hexahydrate in 40mL of deionized water, and magnetically stirring for 15min to obtain an yttrium nitrate aqueous solution; adding 1.68g of citric acid monohydrate, and carrying out magnetic stirring for 10 min; then adding 1.17g of ammonium metavanadate, and carrying out magnetic stirring for 30min to obtain a mixed solution; putting the mixed solution into an electric heating oven at 70 ℃ for evaporation to obtain sol, and then evaporating in the electric heating oven at 110 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a brown solid product; crushing the obtained product in an agate mortar, annealing in a muffle furnace at 900 ℃ for 60min, washing with dilute nitric acid and deionized water for multiple times, and drying to obtain yttrium vanadate nano powder;

2) mixing the yttrium vanadate nanopowder with 30.0 wt% PVA binder uniformly to obtain raw material powder, compacting with the powder (in a mold) to obtain biscuit 1 (8 cm in length and 5cm in width, the weight of the raw material powder is 20% of the weight of the porous wire mesh), placing the thin metal wire mesh on the biscuit 1, adding the same amount of the raw material powder (uniformly spreading), and compacting into biscuit 2 under a compacting pressure of about 100 MPa. Then, water accounting for 5 percent of the total weight of the powder is sprayed into the biscuit 2, and after standing for 2 hours, the obtained biscuit 2 is enclosed into a hollow cylindrical biscuit body with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm according to the mode of a figure 2 (multiple spiral, the distance between adjacent silk screens is about 50 mu m). And then sintering the blank body at 1500 ℃ for 5h under the atmosphere of air and at 1200 ℃ for 15h under the atmosphere of air to obtain the porous metal rod with the surface covered with the yttrium vanadate transparent porous ceramic.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 42

A porous rod (porosity as about 60% (volume to volume, + -3% difference)) was used to imbibe and store the material (liquid, etc.) propylene glycol-glycerol (8: 2, v/v).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 150 mu m and the outer length of 8cm and the width of 5cm by using a Cu-Ni alloy electric heating wire with the diameter of 200 mu m;

2. preparing a porous rod of metal surface covering garnet type aluminate fluorescent ceramic (the chemical formula is (Y2.94, Ce0.06) Al5O 12):

1) weighing raw material powder (high-purity Y203 (99.99%), Al203 (99.95%) and CeO2 (99.999%) which are commercially available and have the components of (Y2.94, Ce0.06)) Al5O12 of 88 weight percent, accurately weighing the powder according to the element proportion, 2 weight percent of SiO2 and 10 weight percent of PVA, and uniformly mixing to obtain powder;

2) the powder was pressed into a green compact (in a mold) to obtain a green compact 1 (having a length of 8cm and a width of 5cm, and a raw material powder weight of 100% of the weight of the porous wire gauze), the thin wire gauze was placed on the green compact 1, and the same amount of the raw material powder was added (spread) thereon, and the green compact 2 was pressed again with a green compact pressure of about 210 MPa. Then, spraying water with the weight of 5% of the total weight of the powder into the biscuit 2, standing for 2 hours, and enclosing the obtained biscuit 2 into a hollow cylindrical blank with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm according to the mode of a figure 2 (multiple spiral, the distance between adjacent silk screens is about 150 mu m);

3) the green body is placed in an N2/H2 atmosphere at 1500 ℃ for sintering for 5H, and then is subjected to an annealing treatment at 1400 ℃ for 14H in an N2/H2 atmosphere with the pressure of 0.001Pa, so that a fluorescent ceramic sample is obtained.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a thin metal wire mesh according to the same method as the embodiment preparation step 1, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the embodiment preparation step 2, but not placing the metal wire mesh in the middle, attaching the metal wire mesh to the bottom surface of the blank, wherein the metal wire mesh can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then enclosing a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent wire meshes of about 150 mu m) shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 43

A porous rod (porosity of the same about 80% (volume ratio, within + -3% difference)) was used as follows (metal surface covered with lanthanum ferrite bismuth ceramic, etc.) for adsorbing and storing substances (liquids, etc.) propylene glycol-glycerin (8: 2, v/v).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 150 mu m and the outer length of 8cm and the width of 5cm by using metal tantalum wires with the diameter of 200 mu m;

2. preparation of metal surface-coated lanthanum ferrite bismuth ceramic (Bi)_1-xLa_xFeO3, where x is 0 to 0.2) a ceramic porous rod:

1) weighing 17.997g of Bi2O3, 0.642g of La2O3 and 6.361g of Fe2O3 according to the proportion of the ceramic component chemical formula Bi0.95La0.05FeO3, and putting the weighed raw materials into a ball milling tank;

2) mixing the raw materials, alcohol and zirconia balls in a ratio of 1: 3, and ball-milling for 5 hours;

3) drying the mixed materials, briquetting, presintering at 690 ℃ for 4 hours, taking out the calcined materials, grinding to obtain BiFeO3 presintering powder, putting the powder into a ball milling tank for secondary ball milling for 9 hours, drying, adding 20.0 wt% of PVA binder, and repeatedly sieving to obtain powder;

4) the powder was pressed into a green compact (in a mold) to obtain a green compact 1 (having a length of 8cm and a width of 5cm, and a raw material powder weight of 100% of the weight of the porous wire gauze), the thin wire gauze was placed on the green compact 1, and the same amount of the raw material powder was added (spread) thereon, and the green compact 2 was pressed again with a green compact pressure of about 210 MPa. Then, spraying water with the weight of 5% of the total weight of the powder into the biscuit 2, standing for 2 hours, and enclosing the obtained biscuit 2 into a hollow cylindrical blank with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm according to the mode of a figure 2 (multiple spiral, the distance between adjacent silk screens is about 300 mu m);

5) and (3) preserving the heat of the formed blank body at 820 ℃ for 3.5 hours, and sintering the blank body into a porous metal rod with the surface covered with the lanthanum bismuth ferrite porous ceramic.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a thin metal wire mesh according to the same method as the embodiment preparation method step 1, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the embodiment preparation method step 2, but not placing the metal wire mesh in the middle, attaching the metal wire mesh to the bottom surface of the blank, wherein the metal wire mesh can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then enclosing a hollow cylinder with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent wire meshes of about 300 mu m) as shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 44

The following porous rods (with the same porosity of about 70% (volume ratio, within a ± 3% difference)) were used (metal surface covered with calcium molybdate (microwavable medium) ceramic, etc.) to imbibe and store substances (liquids, etc.) propylene glycol-glycerol (8: 2, v/v).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 150 mu m and the outer length of 8cm and the width of 5cm by using 304 stainless steel wires with the diameter of 200 mu m;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

1) preparing high-purity chemical raw materials CaCO3, MoO3, Y2O3 and Li2CO3 according to a general formula of CaMoO4-0.030Y2O3-0.030Li2O, mixing, fully ball-milling for 5 hours, drying at 120 ℃, sieving by a 120-mesh sieve, briquetting, and preserving heat at 700 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain a sample clinker;

2) crushing a sample clinker, performing secondary ball milling for 5 hours, drying at 120 ℃, granulating, performing double-layer sieving by using a 80-mesh and 120-mesh sieve to obtain required secondary particles, adding 25.0 wt% of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) binder, and repeatedly sieving to obtain powder;

3) the powder was pressed into a green compact (in a mold) to obtain a green compact 1 (length: 8cm, width: 5cm, raw material powder weight: 70% of the weight of the porous wire gauze), the thin wire gauze was placed on the green compact 1, the same amount of the raw material powder was added thereto (spread uniformly), and the green compact 2 was pressed again with a green compact pressure of about 210 MPa. Then, spraying water with the weight of 5% of the total weight of the powder into the biscuit 2, standing for 2 hours, and enclosing the obtained biscuit 2 into a hollow cylindrical blank with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm according to the mode of a figure 2 (multiple spiral, the distance between adjacent silk screens is about 150 mu m);

4) and then sintering the mixture for 2 hours at 700-825 ℃ to vitrify the mixture to obtain the porous metal rod with the surface covered with the calcium molybdate porous ceramic.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 45

The following porous rods (with the same porosity of about 80% (volume ratio, ± 3% difference)) were used (metal surface covered with Mg2V207 ceramic, etc.) to imbibe and store substances (liquids, etc.) propylene glycol-glycerol (8: 2, V/V).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 100 mu m and the outer length of 8cm and the width of 5cm by using metal gold wires with the diameter of 200 mu m;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

1) heating ammonium metavanadate ultrafine powder to 600 ℃ in a muffle furnace and preserving heat for 4 hours to obtain a decomposition product which is a vanadium pentoxide ultrafine powder material; heating the magnesium nitrate crystal to 550 ℃ in a muffle furnace and preserving heat for 4 hours, wherein the treated product is fluffy white magnesium oxide powder; accurately weighing the prepared vanadium pentoxide powder and magnesium oxide powder, controlling the molar ratio of the vanadium pentoxide to the magnesium oxide to be 1: 1, then uniformly dispersing and mixing the two oxides, adding 10 wt% of PVA, and grinding for 40 minutes to obtain powder;

2) the powder was pressed into a green compact (in a mold) to obtain a green compact 1 (having a length of 8cm and a width of 5cm, and a raw material powder weight of 100% of the weight of the porous wire gauze), the thin wire gauze was placed on the green compact 1, and the same amount of the raw material powder was added (spread) thereon, and the green compact 2 was pressed again with a green compact pressure of about 210 MPa. Then, spraying water with the weight of 5% of the total weight of the powder into the biscuit 2, standing for 2 hours, and enclosing the obtained biscuit 2 into a hollow cylindrical blank with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm according to the mode of a figure 2 (multiple spiral, the distance between adjacent silk screens is about 300 mu m);

3) and (3) treating the green body in a muffle furnace at 600 ℃ for 6 hours, and testing an X-ray diffraction spectrum of a sintered product to show that the sintered product is a porous metal rod with the surface covered with Mg2V2O7 porous ceramic.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 46

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing porous metal sheets:

punching (by laser drilling or mechanical punching) round holes with diameter of 50 μm on 430 stainless steel sheet with length of 5cm, width of 5cm and thickness of 30 μm, wherein the center distance between adjacent holes is 0.1mm, and fully opening the holes according to the above method;

2. preparing a porous rod with a metal surface covered with 0.5Y3Fe5O12-0.5Ca3LiMgV3O12 magnetic-dielectric functional dielectric ceramic:

1) analytically pure raw materials of Y2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Li2CO3 and V205 are prepared according to a formula of 0.5Y3Fe5012-0.5Ca3LiMgV 3012. Mixing the prepared chemical raw materials, then putting the mixture into a nylon tank, adding absolute ethyl alcohol with the same weight as the raw materials into the nylon tank, carrying out ball milling for 4 hours, fully mixing and grinding the mixture, taking out the mixture after ball milling, then quickly drying the mixture at 100-200 ℃, sieving the dried mixture by a 200-mesh sieve, and then pre-pressing the mixture into blocks; pre-burning the block to obtain a sample burned block, wherein the pre-burning condition is that the temperature is kept at 1100 ℃ for 4 hours; crushing a sample clinker, then carrying out ball milling for 5-6 hours, fully mixing and grinding, drying at 100-200 ℃ after ball milling, adding an adhesive which is 15% of the total mass of the powder after drying, adopting a 5% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution as the adhesive, then granulating, and then sequentially carrying out double-layer screening by using 60-mesh and 120-mesh screens to obtain granulated porcelain powder.

2) The green compact 1 (length 8cm, width 5cm, raw material powder weight 100% of the weight of the porous metal sheet) was obtained by compacting the powder (in a mold), and the porous metal sheet was placed on the green compact 1 (center), and the same amount of the raw material powder was added (uniformly spread) thereon, and the green compact 2 was compressed again at a compacting pressure of about 210 MPa. Then, spraying water with the weight of 5% of the total weight of the powder into the biscuit 2, standing for 2 hours, and enclosing the obtained biscuit 2 into a hollow cylindrical blank with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm according to the mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent sheets of about 300 mu m) shown in the attached figure 2;

3) and then sintering the mixture for 2 hours at 1100 ℃ to form porcelain, thus obtaining the porous metal rod with the surface covered with 0.5Y3Fe5012-0.5Ca3LiMgV3012 magnetic-dielectric functional medium porous ceramic.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a porous metal sheet according to the same method as the preparation step 1 of the embodiment, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the preparation step 2 of the embodiment, but the metal sheet is not placed in the middle, the metal sheet is attached to the bottom surface of the blank, the metal sheet can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, then, a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm is built in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent sheets is about 300 mu m) shown in the attached figure 2, and the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

the procedure is as in step 2 of the example, but the porous metal sheet is not used and the rest are the same.

Example 47

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing porous metal sheets:

punching (by laser drilling or mechanical punching) round holes with diameter of 100 μm on a metal nickel sheet with length of 5cm, width of 5cm and thickness of 100 μm, wherein the center distance between adjacent holes is 200 μm, and fully opening the holes according to the method;

2. preparing a porous rod with a metal surface covered with beta-Ca 2P207/CaS04 complex phase bioceramic:

1) the beta-Ca 2P207 powder and the CaSO4 powder are mixed according to the mol ratio of 1: 0.2, the Ca/P mol ratio in the mixture is 1.1, ethanol is used as a medium, and the mixture is ball milled and mixed for 1 hour. Drying in an oven at 80 ℃. Then, taking 5% polyvinyl alcohol solution as a binding agent, granulating the mixed powder, and sieving the granulated powder with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain granulated porcelain powder;

2) the green compact 1 (length 8cm, width 5cm, raw material powder weight 100% of the weight of the porous metal sheet) was obtained by compacting the powder (in a mold), and the porous metal sheet was placed on the green compact 1 (center), and the same amount of the raw material powder was added (uniformly spread) thereon, and the green compact 2 was compressed again at a compacting pressure of about 210 MPa. Then, spraying water with the weight of 5% of the total weight of the powder into the biscuit 2, standing for 2 hours, and enclosing the obtained biscuit 2 into a hollow cylindrical blank with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm according to the mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent sheets of about 50 mu m) shown in the attached figure 2;

3) drying and sintering at 920 ℃. Sintering to obtain the porous metal rod of the porous ceramic with the surface covered by the complex phase material consisting of beta-Ca 2P2O7 and orthorhombic CaSO4 crystal phase. The porosity of the sample was 33%. After 14 days of degradation, the weight loss by degradation is 0.72%. Relatively dense bone-like hydroxyapatite was formed on the surface of the sample on day 9 of degradation.

Comparative example 1

The preparation is carried out according to the same method as the preparation step 1 of the embodiment, and then a hollow cylinder with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm is enclosed according to the mode of a figure 2 (multiple spirals, the distance between adjacent sheets is about 50 mu m);

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 48

The following porous rods (with the same porosity of about 70% (volume ratio, within a + -3% difference)) were used (metal surface coated with a pseudo-minor actinide fluorapatite ceramic, etc.) imbibing and storing substances (liquids, etc.) propylene glycol-glycerol (8: 2, v/v).

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing porous metal sheets:

punching (by laser drilling or mechanical punching) circular holes with the diameter of 200 μm on a metal zirconium sheet with the length of 5cm, the width of 5cm and the thickness of 200 μm, wherein the center distance between adjacent holes is 300 μm, and fully opening the holes according to the method;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ceramic-covered metal surface:

1) ca2P2O7, CaF2 and Sm2O3 are used as raw materials, the raw materials of the components are weighed according to the chemical formula of Ca9.85Sm0.1(PO4)6F2 for proportioning, the mixture is mixed in a planetary ball mill for grinding for 2 hours according to the mass percentage of the proportioning, grinding balls and absolute ethyl alcohol or/and water of 35: 15: 50, the obtained mixture is dried to obtain dried powder, polyvinyl alcohol sol which is 3 percent of the mass of the dried powder is added, then the mixture is mixed and granulated by a sieve, and the 12-mesh sieve material and the 170-mesh sieve material are the prepared granulated material;

2) the granulated material was pressed (in a mold) to obtain a green compact 1 (length: 8cm, width: 5cm, raw material powder weight: 30% of the weight of the porous metal sheet), the porous metal sheet was placed on the green compact 1 (center), the same amount of the raw material powder was added thereto (spread), and the green compact 2 was pressed again at a green pressure of about 80 MPa. Then, spraying water with the weight of 5% of the total weight of the powder into the biscuit 2, standing for 2 hours, and enclosing the obtained biscuit 2 into a hollow cylindrical blank with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm according to the mode of figure 2 (multiple spirals, the distance between adjacent sheets is about 100 mu m);

4) and (3) performing heat treatment on the formed blank at the temperature of 400 ℃ for 5 hours to remove the glue, then putting the blank after the glue removal into a vacuum hot-pressing sintering furnace, and performing vacuum hot-pressing sintering for 2 hours under the conditions of the temperature of 1000 ℃, the pressure of 15MPa and the vacuum degree of 1Pa to obtain the porous metal rod with the surface covered with the porous ceramic.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a porous metal sheet according to the same method as the preparation step 1 of the embodiment, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the preparation step 2 of the embodiment, but the metal sheet is not placed in the middle, the metal sheet is attached to the bottom surface of the blank, the metal sheet can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, then, a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm is built in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent sheets is about 100 mu m) shown in the attached figure 2, and the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 49

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing porous metal sheets:

punching (by laser drilling or mechanical punching) round holes with diameter of 150 μm on a metal molybdenum sheet with length of 5cm, width of 5cm and thickness of 200 μm, wherein the center distance between adjacent holes is 200 μm, and fully opening the holes according to the method;

2. preparing a porous rod with a metal surface covered with beta-Ca 2P207/CaSO4 complex phase biological ceramic:

1) 700g of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (average particle size of about 0.75 μm), 270g of β -Ca3(PO4)2 (average particle size of about 0.3 μm) and 30g of β -Ca2P2O7 (average particle size of about 0.3 μm) powder were put into a centrifugal tube, and mixed by shaking with a shaker for 60 seconds to obtain a mixed powder. Adding 200g of additive polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000) into the mixed powder, uniformly mixing, then adding the mixture into an extrusion forming machine (model Caleva Multi Lab-extruder, extrusion pore diameter is 1000 microns), obtaining an extrudate at an extrusion speed of 30rpm, then adding the extrudate into a spheroidizing machine (model Caleva Multi Lab-spherizer), operating at a rotation speed of 1500rpm for 3 minutes to obtain granules, and sieving the granules (screen hole is 0.5mm) to obtain a granulated porcelain powder material;

2) the green compact 1 (length 8cm, width 5cm, raw material powder weight 50% of the weight of the porous metal sheet) was obtained by compacting the powder (in a mold), and the porous metal sheet was placed on the green compact 1 (center), and the same amount of the raw material powder was added thereto (uniformly spread), and the green compact 2 was compressed again at a compacting pressure of about 50 MPa. The obtained biscuit 2 is enclosed into a hollow cylindrical blank body with the length of 8cm and the diameter of about 1cm according to the mode of figure 2 (multiple spirals, the distance between adjacent sheets is about 30 mu m);

3) then, water which is 5 percent of the total weight of the powder is sprayed on the biscuit 2, the biscuit is kept stand for 2 hours, then the biscuit is treated for 2 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃, and the PEG4000 is repeatedly cleaned to obtain the porous metal rod with the surface covered with the porous bioceramic.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a porous metal sheet according to the same method as the preparation step 1 of the embodiment, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the preparation step 2 of the embodiment, but the metal sheet is not placed in the middle, the metal sheet is attached to the bottom surface of the blank, the metal sheet can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, then, a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm is built in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent sheets is about 30 mu m) shown in the attached figure 2, and the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 50

The following porous rods (porosity as about 60% (volume by volume, ± 3% difference)) were used to imbibe and store substances (liquids, etc.): ethers formed by poly (/ condensation) of 1, 1-propanediol with 1, 1-propanediol.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh: weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 100 mu m and the outer length of 8cm and the width of 5cm by using metal nickel wires with the diameter of 100 mu m;

2. preparing a porous rod with a metal surface covered with calcium fluoride ceramic:

mixing raw materials: mixing calcium oxide and sucrose (volume ratio 1: 0.2) in a ball mill (ball-material ratio is 1: 2), and grinding until the average particle size is about 30 um;

forming a blank body: molding by adopting a semi-dry pressing method:

the semi-dried wool blanks were transferred to a press and pressed into blanks (8 cm long by 5cm thick about 100 μm),

the thin metal wire net was placed on the blank, and the same amount of the blank was added thereto to form a blank (8 cm in length, 5cm in thickness, about 280 μm). Then, the obtained blank is enclosed into a hollow cylindrical blank with the length of 5cm and the diameter of about 1cm according to the mode of figure 2 (multiple spirals, the distance between the adjacent silk screens is about 200 mu m);

200ml of deionized water was poured into a teflon pot, and sodium fluoride having a calcium oxide equivalent of 1.5 times was added to the body. And (3) placing the blank on a Teflon disc, and completely immersing the blank in the Teflon tank liquid. Closing the cover of the tank, placing the tank in a baking oven preheated at 95 ℃, preserving heat for 7 days, cleaning the tank by deionized water to remove ions and cane sugar in the porous metal rod with the surface covered by the porous calcium fluoride ceramic, and drying the tank.

Example 51

The following porous rods (porosity as about 60% (volume by volume, ± 3% difference)) were used to imbibe and store substances (liquids, etc.): 1, 3-propanediol acetic acid monoester.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh: weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 100 mu m and the outer length of 8cm and the width of 5cm by using a metal niobium-titanium alloy (5/95, wt/wt) gold wire with the diameter of 150 mu m;

2. preparing a porous rod with a ZrC2O4 ceramic covered metal surface:

example 50 was followed except that:

calcium oxide was replaced by ZrO2 and sodium fluoride was replaced by Na2C2O 4.

Example 52

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh: the same as example 50, but the wire is yttrium;

2. preparing a porous rod with a metal surface covered with MgCr2O4 ceramic:

example 50 was followed except that:

calcium oxide was replaced by Cr2O3 and sodium fluoride by mg (oh) 2.

Example 53

The following porous rods (porosity as about 60% (volume by volume, ± 3% difference)) were used to imbibe and store substances (liquids, etc.): 1, 3-propanediol lactic acid monoester.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh: the same as example 50, but the wire was titanium;

2. preparing a porous rod with a metal surface covered with Co3(PO4) 2.8H 2O ceramic:

example 50 was followed except that:

calcium oxide was replaced by Co (OH)3 and sodium fluoride by Na3P 04.

Example 54

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh: the same as example 50, but the wire was platinum;

2. preparing a porous rod with a metal surface covered with SiO2 ceramic:

example 50 was followed except that:

calcium oxide was replaced by Na2SiO3 and sodium fluoride by H2SO 4.

Example 55

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh: the same as example 50, but the wire was a Ni-Cr alloy (8: 2, wt/wt);

2. preparing a porous rod with a metal surface covered with Ti5(PO4)3F ceramic:

example 50 was followed except that:

calcium oxide was replaced by TiF2 and sodium fluoride was replaced by Na3PO 4.

Example 56

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh: the same as example 50, but the wire is a Ni-Cu alloy (8: 2, wt/wt);

2. preparing a porous rod with a metal surface covered with ZnAl2O4 ceramic:

example 50 was followed except that:

calcium oxide was replaced by Al203 and sodium fluoride by Zn (OH) 2.

Example 57

The following porous rods (porosity as about 60% (volume by volume, ± 3% difference)) were used to imbibe and store substances (liquids, etc.): ethers formed by poly (/ condensation) of 2, 2-propanediol with 2, 2-propanediol.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh: the same as example 50, but the wire was Fe-Cr alloy (8: 2, wt/wt);

2. preparing a porous rod with a metal surface covered with Ca (Sr1/3Ta2/3)03 ceramic:

example 50 was followed except that:

calcium oxide was replaced by Ca (OH)2 and Ta205 (equimolar ratio), and sodium fluoride was replaced by Sr (OH) 2.

Example 58

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh: the same as example 50, but the wire was a Ni-Zr alloy (8: 2, wt/wt);

2. preparing a porous rod with a metal surface covered with Ba5(P04)3OH ceramic:

example 50 was followed except that:

calcium oxide was replaced by Ba0 and sodium fluoride was replaced by Na3P 04.

Comparative example 1 preparation method of examples 50 to 58:

comparative example 2 preparation method of examples 50 to 58:

Example 59

A porous rod (porosity of the same about 60% (volume ratio, within a ± 3% difference)) is used (metal surface covered with silica gel, etc.) to imbibe and store the substance (liquid, etc.) ionone.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: mixing powdered zinc metal with 60% (volume ratio based on the total volume of the two) caffeine with an average pore size of 10 μm, and hot isostatic pressing (hot isostatic pressing) in vacuum to form a porous metal body (cylinder about 8cm long and about 1.5cm in diameter);

2. and (3) completely permeating the porous metal rod into the aqueous dispersion of silica gel (with the average particle size of 10-30nm), taking out, drying and removing water to prepare the porous metal rod of silica gel, and repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the weight of the porous metal rod is increased by 15 percent (dry).

comparative example 2 preparation method:

1. spray granulating the silica gel (average particle size of 10-30nm) water dispersion to obtain fine material;

2. hot isostatic pressing (hot isostatic pressing) by gas expansion (or foaming) process: mixing the above fine powder with 60% (volume ratio, based on the total volume of the fine powder and the caffeine) (the average particle size is basically the same as the average pore diameter of the examples, and the dosage ratio (volume) is basically the same as the porosity of the examples), and hot isostatic pressing in vacuum or hydrogen to obtain porous bodies (the size, appearance, average pore diameter and porosity are basically the same as the examples);

example 60

A porous rod (porosity of the same about 40% (by volume, ± 3% difference)) was used (metal surface coated with teflon, etc.) to sorb and store the substance (liquid, etc.) to the nicotinyl.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: mixing powdered metal gold with 40% (volume ratio based on the total volume of both) arginine having an average pore diameter of 30 μm, and hot isostatic pressing in vacuum or hydrogen to form a porous metal body (cylinder about 4cm in length and about 0.5cm in diameter) by a gas expansion (or foaming) process using hot isostatic pressing (hot isostatic pressing);

2. and (3) completely permeating the porous metal rod into polytetrafluoroethylene (with the average particle size of 10-30nm) aqueous dispersion, taking out, drying and removing water to prepare the porous polytetrafluoroethylene metal rod, and repeating the steps for multiple times until the weight of the porous metal rod is increased by 5 percent (dry).

comparative example 2 preparation method:

1. spray granulating polytetrafluoroethylene (average particle size of 10-30nm) water dispersion to obtain fine material;

2. hot isostatic pressing (hot isostatic pressing) by gas expansion (or foaming) process: mixing the above fine powder with 40% (volume ratio, based on the total volume of the two) ammonium carbonate (the average particle diameter is basically the same as the average pore diameter of the examples, and the dosage ratio (volume) is basically the same as the porosity of the examples), and hot isostatic pressing in vacuum or hydrogen gas to prepare a porous body (the size, appearance, average pore diameter and porosity are basically the same as the examples);

example 61

The following porous rods (porosity: same about 45% (volume ratio, within ± 3%) of vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (viton, fluororubber) etc.) were used to adsorb and store substances (liquid etc.): 1, 3-dioxolane-4-methanol.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a porous metal rod: mixing particulate manganese metal with 45% (by volume, based on the total volume of the two) ammonium bicarbonate with an average pore size of 40 μm, and hot isostatic pressing in vacuum or hydrogen to form a porous metal body (a cylinder about 5cm in length and about 0.8cm in diameter) by a gas expansion (or foaming) process using hot isostatic pressing (hot isostatic pressing);

2. and (3) completely permeating the porous metal rod into a water dispersion of vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (viton A, fluororubber) (with the average particle size of 20-50nm), taking out, drying, removing water to prepare a porous fluoroplastic metal rod, and repeating the steps for multiple times until the weight of the porous metal rod is increased by 10% (dry).

comparative example 2 preparation method:

1. spray granulating water dispersion of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene copolymer (viton, fluororubber) (average particle diameter 20-50nm) to obtain fine material;

2. mixing the above fine powder with 45% (volume ratio, based on the total volume of the two) ammonium bicarbonate (the average particle size is basically the same as the average pore size of the examples, and the dosage ratio (volume) is basically the same as the porosity of the examples), and hot isostatic pressing in vacuum or hydrogen gas to prepare a porous body (the size, appearance, average pore size and porosity are basically the same as the examples);

example 62

A porous rod (with the same porosity of about 50% (volume to volume, ± 3% difference)) was used to imbibe and store the substance (liquid, etc.) water.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 2cm and the outer length of 16cm and the width of 8cm by using platinum-osmium (9: 1, weight ratio) alloy wires with the diameter of 0.2 mm;

2. preparation of porous rods with metal surface covered with poly (ethylene-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene):

weighing 60% of poly (ethylene-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene) particles and 40% of sodium chloride particles (average particle size is about 100 mu m) according to the weight percentage, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, uniformly spreading the mixture with the weight of 0.5 time of that of a metal wire mesh on the bottom of a mould (with the length of 8cm and the width of 5cm), placing the thin metal wire mesh on the mixture, uniformly spreading the mixture with the weight of 0.5 time of that of the metal wire mesh on the mixture, and then performing hot isostatic pressing to obtain a compact (the temperature is higher than the softening temperature of the poly (ethylene-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene) but lower than the melting point of the poly (ethylene-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)). Cooling to room temperature, and enclosing the obtained green compact into a hollow cylindrical blank with a length of 8cm and a diameter of about 2cm in a manner of figure 2 (multiple spirals, and the distance between adjacent wire meshes is about 100 μm); and (4) putting the cylindrical blank into water to dissolve and clean sodium chloride, and drying.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a thin metal wire mesh according to the same method as the embodiment preparation step 1, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the embodiment preparation step 2, but not placing the metal wire mesh in the middle, attaching the metal wire mesh to the bottom surface of the blank, wherein the metal wire mesh can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then enclosing a hollow cylinder with the diameter of 8cm and the diameter of 2cm in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent wire meshes of about 100 mu m) shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Example 63

The following porous rods (porosity as about 60% (volume by volume, ± 3% difference)) were used to imbibe and store substances (liquids, etc.): glycofurol.

The preparation method of the porous rod comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a thin metal wire mesh:

weaving a thin metal wire mesh with the mesh size (length and width) of 2mm and the outer length of 15cm and the width of 6cm by using a titanium-nickel alloy wire with the diameter of 0.3 mm;

2. preparing a porous rod with a metal surface covered with polytetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride (THV):

weighing 50% of polytetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride (THV) particles and 50% of sodium carbonate particles (the average particle size is about 30 mu m) according to the weight percentage, fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, uniformly paving the mixture which is 0.75 time of the weight of a metal wire mesh on the bottom of a mold (the length is 8cm, the width is 5cm), placing the metal wire mesh on the mixture, uniformly paving the mixture which is 0.75 time of the weight of the metal wire mesh on the mixture, and then performing hot isostatic pressing to obtain a compact (the temperature is higher than the softening temperature of the polytetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride (THV) but lower than the melting point of the polytetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene-vinylidene fluoride (TH. Cooling to room temperature, and enclosing the obtained pressed compact into a hollow cylindrical blank with the length of 6cm and the diameter of 2cm according to the mode of figure 2 (multiple spirals, the distance between adjacent wire meshes is about 30 mu m); and (4) putting the cylindrical blank into water to dissolve and clean sodium chloride, and drying.

Comparative example 1 preparation method:

firstly, preparing a thin metal wire mesh according to the same method as the preparation method step 1 of the embodiment, then preparing a blank according to the same method as the preparation method step 2 of the embodiment, but not placing the metal wire mesh in the middle, attaching the metal wire mesh to the bottom surface of the blank, wherein the metal wire mesh can not be completely wrapped by naked eyes, and then enclosing into a hollow cylinder with the length of 6cm and the diameter of about 2cm in a mode (multiple spirals and the distance between adjacent wire meshes is about 30 mu m) as shown in the attached figure 2, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment;

comparative example 2 preparation method:

Description of the drawings: the porous solid metallic material of each of the above embodiments is substantially macroscopically encapsulated by the solid non-metallic material therein (the solid metallic material is substantially invisible to the naked eye).

Test example

Test example 1 mechanical Property test tensile Strength

The porous rod in the example or the comparative example is fixed horizontally at two ends (the rod is placed horizontally, and no substance (liquid and the like) is absorbed), a pull rope is tied in the middle, a vertical downward external pulling force is applied to the porous rod through the pull rope, the pulling force is increased linearly and gradually until the porous rod cannot be automatically recovered, and the change is that: such as fracture or chipping (e.g., ceramic, plastic, etc.) or irreversible deformation (e.g., metal, etc.), the minimum tensile force (newton (N)) is recorded at this time, which is the maximum tensile strength of the porous rod, with larger values yielding better mechanical properties. The results are shown in Table 1.

Test example 2 durability (resistance to damage caused by acid-base, oxidation, high temperature and high humidity, cold and hot change, vibration, etc.) test

The weight W of the porous rod in each of examples and comparative examples was measured₀Then, the substrate was placed in an atmosphere of 300 ℃ and 95% relative humidity at atmospheric pressure (1atm, air) for 2 hours, then immediately transferred into a solution of 3 pH (example 36, 51pH 6) and 0 ℃ for 2 hours, then the temperature was raised to 25 ℃ and taken out of the solution at the same time after 24 hours, washed with deionized water for 5 times, then placed in an atmosphere of 300 ℃ and 95% relative humidity at atmospheric pressure (1atm, air) for 2 hours, immediately transferred into a solution of 10 pH (example 36, 51pH 8) and 0 ℃ for 2 hours, then the temperature was raised to 25 ℃ and taken out of the solution at the same time after 24 hours, transferred into an ultrasonic oscillation water tank, taken out after 2 hours of ultrasonic oscillation, washed with deionized water for 5 times, and then dried to measure the weight W₁Calculating the weight loss rate: Δ W ═ W₁-W₀) /W₀X 100%. The results are shown in Table 1.

Test example 3 evaluation test of sensory (taste) quality of Smoke

Taking 0.5ml of the sample of the embodiment or the comparison example, putting the sample into an electronic smoking set heated by a heating wire with the functions of temperature regulation and constant temperature, and atomizing the sample, wherein the atomizing temperature (namely the working temperature of the heating wire) is in the range from the lowest atomizing temperature of the electronic smoking set to the lowest atomizing temperature plus 5 ℃.

And (3) setting 59 sensory quality evaluators, evaluating the taste (mouthfeel) according to the GB5606.4-2005 cigarette sensory quality evaluation standard and by combining the sensory characteristics of the electronic cigarette liquid, wherein the scores of the items are all 10, and the higher the taste (mouthfeel) quality score is, the better the quality is. The above-mentioned taste (mouthfeel) means: and (3) overall evaluation of the influence of smoke generated by atomizing the inhaled electronic cigarette smoke liquid on various uncomfortable peculiar smells generated by sense organs including oral cavity, throat and nasal cavity after the smoke passes through the inhalation cavity and is exhaled, and further on the comfort degree of the oral cavity.

Every sensory quality evaluator alone one person eat flavor (taste) quality evaluation table, adopts the grade mode of dark appraisal, adopts whole circulation smoking method, smokes the electron cigarette tobacco juice, according to table 2: sensory (taste) quality evaluation index the meaning of the score value was scored. The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 2 sensory (taste) quality evaluation index evaluation

TABLE 1 test results of examples and comparative examples

	Example 1	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 2	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 3	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	46.7	34.5	3.8	112.6	70.2	4.9	198.9	120.7	4.9
Loss ratio (%)	2.2	39.3	16.9	2.6	35.8	18.9	1.8	49.6	21.6
										Taste scoring	9	5	9	10	6	10	9	4	9

TABLE 2 test results of examples and comparative examples

	Example 4	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 5	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 6	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	185.7	130.6	7.8	13.6	2.3	5.8	11.8	3.6	4.6
Loss ratio (%)	1.2	22.6	17.7	0.6	5.7	16.9	0.8	52.4	23.5
										Taste scoring	8	4	8	10	6	10	8	5	8

TABLE 3 test results of examples and comparative examples

	Example 7	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 8	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 9	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	12.3	4.6	3.9	9.8	2.5	3.8	8.9	0.6	4.3
Loss ratio (%)	0.8	36.5	18.9	1.3	65.9	25.6	0.8	44.7	23.7
										Taste scoring	7	4	7	8	5	8	6	4	6

TABLE 4 test results of examples and comparative examples

	Example 10	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 11	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 12	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	17.7	6.4	9.7	15.5	9.7	6.7	18.9	3.8	7.9
Loss ratio (%)	0.5	17.4	0.8	2.2	10.2	17.9	1.8	0.8	18.9
										Taste scoring	10	6	10	9	6	9	7	4	7

Description of the drawings: comparative example 2 of example (embodiment) 10 was also referred to as example (embodiment) 10-2.

TABLE 5 test results of examples and comparative examples

	Example 13	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 14	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 15	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	17.8	10.1	6.8	11.4	6.4	3.8	15.7	9.0	6.8
Loss ratio (%)	2.3	9.3	22.7	3.1	9.9	25.8	1.7	9.5	18.7
										Taste scoring	9	6	9	10	6	10	10	6	10

TABLE 6 test results of examples and comparative examples

	Example 16	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 17	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 18	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	16.7	8.2	5.8	17.2	8.5	6.2	18.3	11.7	6.3
Loss ratio (%)	2.7	11.4	21.9	4.0	16.3	18.4	3.9	10.8	19.4
										Taste scoring	9	6	9	9	5	9	9	5	9

TABLE 7 test results of examples and comparative examples

	Example 19	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 20	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 21	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	13.4	7.7	4.9	12.7	7.2	4.4	9.5	5.7	3.8
Loss ratio (%)	3.3	12.7	23.8	1.3	6.3	20.8	3.1	11.6	21.6
										Taste scoring	9	5	9	9	5	9	10	5	10

TABLE 8 test results of examples and comparative examples

	Example 22	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 23	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 24	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	10.8	6.1	4.6	11.6	8.1	3.9	13.8	8.5	5.3
Loss ratio (%)	2.8	9.7	18.9	3.7	11.5	31.8	4.7	48.5	18.2
										Taste scoring	7	4	7	7	4	7	8	5	8

TABLE 9 test results of examples and comparative examples

	Example 25	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 26	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 27	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	14.5	9.5	6.4	51.8	32.8	6.7	16.7	9.0	7.8
Loss ratio (%)	3.2	8.9	17.6	2.4	0.4	23.7	3.9	15.7	17.5
										Taste scoring	8	5	8	8	4	8	7	4	7

TABLE 10 test results of examples and comparative examples

	Example 28	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 29	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 30	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	13.6	2.8	4.7	12.8	1.8	7.6	11.3	7.2	3.9
Loss ratio (%)	2.8	1.8	24.2	2.4	27.8	6.2	4.6	15.8	28.5
										Taste scoring	9	5	9	9	6	9	9	5	9

Description of the drawings: comparative example 2 of example (embodiment) 29 was also referred to as example (embodiment) 29-2.

TABLE 11 test results of examples and comparative examples

Description of the drawings: comparative example 2 of example (example) 32/33 was also named example (example) 32/33-2.

TABLE 12 test results of examples and comparative examples

	Example 34	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 35	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 36	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	11.3	6.9	4.1	17.3	1.2	10.8	19.2	1.4	8.6
Loss ratio (%)	4.5	11.5	23.6	4.6	17.5	7.9	2.5	11.2	4.9
										Taste scoring	9	5	9	7	4	7	9	5	9

Description of the drawings: comparative example 2 of example (example) 35/36 was also named example (example) 35/36-2.

TABLE 13 test results of examples and comparative examples

	Example 37	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 38	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 39	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	14.1	1.8	4.6	16.8	7.4	4.3	18.7	1.2	7.9
Loss ratio (%)	0.4	8.9	2.7	1.4	11.2	4.8	2.6	13.5	5.6
										Taste scoring	9	6	9	9	5	9	9	5	9

Description of the drawings: comparative example 2 of example (embodiment) 39 was also referred to as example (embodiment) 39-2.

TABLE 14 test results of examples and comparative examples

	Example 40	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 41	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 42	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	14.5	7.8	4.2	16.8	9.4	5.1	13.3	7.7	4.2
Loss ratio (%)	1.1	8.5	4.3	1.2	6.3	5.4	0.8	3.8	6.7
										Taste scoring	9	5	9	9	6	9	9	6	9

TABLE 15 test results of examples and comparative examples

	Example 43	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 44	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 45	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	15.5	7.8	4.1	16.3	9.9	5.3	14.2	6.7	4.1
Loss ratio (%)	0.5	2.8	5.7	1.5	6.9	4.6	0.8	2.8	5.7
										Taste scoring	9	6	9	9	5	9	9	6	9

TABLE 16 test results of examples and comparative examples

	Example 46	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 47	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 48	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	13.4	7.3	4.3	14.1	1.4	4.6	13.6	6.7	3.7
Loss ratio (%)	0.9	4.1	8.7	1.4	9.8	5.3	0.7	2.6	4.2
										Taste scoring	9	5	9	9	5	9	9	5	9

TABLE 17 test results of examples and their team

	Example 49	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 50	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 51	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	13.7	7.4	4.4	13.2	7.9	4.3	10.3	5.7	2.7
Loss ratio (%)	1.2	4.7	6.7	1.1	8.5	3.4	1.9	7.2	13.2
										Taste scoring	9	5	9	9	5	9	9	5	9

TABLE 18 EXAMPLES AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES OF TEST

	Example 52	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 53	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 54	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	11.4	5.8	3.8	15.1	10.2	6.2	15.6	9.7	4.7
Loss ratio (%)	1.4	23.2	6.4	1.3	5.6	7.4	0.9	4.9	7.6
										Taste scoring	9	5	9	9	5	9	9	5	9

19 examples (examples) and comparative examples

	Example 55	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 56	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 57	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	15.7	8.3	4.2	16.2	9.5	5.1	17.8	10.7	6.7
Loss ratio (%)	1.4	3.5	6.9	1.6	3.7	7.6	0.4	2.6	3.9
										Taste scoring	9	6	9	9	5	9	9	5	9

TABLE 20 test results of examples and comparative examples

	Example 58	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 59	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 60	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	17.3	11.2	5.9	7.3	3.6	3.8	8.9	3.8	3.6
Loss ratio (%)	0.8	3.8	5.6	1.6	58.7	3.8	0.2	0.2	4.3
										Taste scoring	9	5	9	7	4	7	7	4	7

TABLE 21 EXAMPLES AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES OF TEST

	Example 61	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 62	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 63	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
										Minimum pulling force (N)	58.5	37.6	4.1	22.3	14.8	3.7	9.8	6.2	3.8
Loss ratio (%)	1.3	56.3	10.8	1.7	6.2	11.5	1.1	4.7	9.9
										Taste scoring	10	6	10	10	7	10	10	6	10

Description of the drawings:

in the table above, example X (X ═ 1 to 63) represents example X, and example 5 represents example 5;

in the table, the comparative example 1 or 2 shows the comparative example 1 or 2 corresponding to the example X (or the example X) (X ═ 1 to 63) in the corresponding column (three columns before or after the double line separated by the double line (the column of the example X (X ═ 1 to 63), and the column of the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2) are 1).

Claims

1. An atomising device characterised by comprising a porous means for storing and/or delivering a substance, the means comprising a porous body consisting essentially or substantially of a porous solid metallic material and a ceramic material or/and a heat resistant plastic material which macroscopically substantially encapsulates the metallic material.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said ceramic is selected from sintered ceramics.

3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ceramic material or/and heat-resistant plastic is also porous.

4. The device according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the pores in the metallic material or/and the ceramic material or/and the heat-resistant plastic have an average pore diameter of 0.01 to 1000 μm.

5. Device according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the porosity of the metallic material or/and the ceramic material or/and the heat-resistant plastic is between 20% and 90%.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the device has an overall porosity of 20% to 90%.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the device has an overall porosity of 30% to 80%.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein the device has an overall porosity of 40% to 70%.

9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight of the ceramic material or/and heat-resistant plastic does not exceed 30 times the weight of the porous metal material.

10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight of the ceramic material or/and heat-resistant plastic is 0.0005 to 10 times the weight of the porous metal material.

11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a support or a connection body for supporting or connecting said solid metal material and/or said ceramic material or/and heat-resistant plastic.

12. The device of claim 11, wherein the support or connector material is selected from a metallic material, a ceramic material, or a heat resistant plastic.

13. The device of claim 11, wherein the support or connector is porous.

14. The device of claim 1, wherein the porous metal material is constructed primarily or substantially from a porous thin metal sheet or strip or mesh having a thickness of 0.05-2000 μm, and wherein the pores in the thin metal sheet or strip or mesh have a pore size of 0.05-2000 μm, and wherein the distance between adjacent thin metal sheets or strips or meshes is 0.05-2000 μm.

15. The device according to claim 14, wherein the thin metal sheet or thin metal strip or thin metal screen has a thickness of 0.05 to 500 μm, or/and the pores in the thin metal sheet or thin metal strip or thin metal screen have a pore size of 0.05 to 500 μm, or/and the distance between adjacent thin metal sheets or thin metal strips or thin metal screens is 0.05 to 500 μm.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the side openings of the thin metal sheet or strip or mesh are substantially straight through.

17. The device of claim 14, wherein the distance between centers of adjacent holes of the thin metal sheet or strip or mesh is 1.001-20 times the half-diameter sum of the adjacent holes.

18. The device according to claim 1, wherein the porous metal material is a grid-like body woven mainly or substantially from metal wires having a diameter of 0.05 to 1000 μm and a length or/and width or/and height of the grid of 0.05 to 2000 μm.

19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the porous metal material is constructed by enclosing, folding, stacking, bundling.

20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the porous metal material is constructed by multiple spirals surrounding the tube, column, block, folded into column, block, stacked into column, block, and bundled into tube, column, block.

21. The device of claim 1, wherein the porous metal material is constructed substantially as a column or block.

22. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ceramic material or/and heat-resistant plastic is selected from the group consisting of films based on one or more sintered ceramic films or/and one or more heat-resistant plastic films.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the ceramic film layer is selected to maintain substantially the same shape as its ceramic precursor film layer, or wherein the overall size and volume of the ceramic film layer is substantially maintained during product conversion from the ceramic precursor film layer to the ceramic film layer.

24. The device of claim 22, wherein the membrane layer is dense.

25. The device of claim 1, wherein a protective film layer is used in the device.

26. The device of claim 1, further comprising a component to smoke or aerosol or vaporize the stored and/or transported substance.

27. The device of claim 1, including a heating body in thermal communication with the device.

28. Device according to claim 27, wherein the heating body is located inside the device or in the vicinity thereof or remote therefrom.

29. The device of claim 27, wherein said heating body is selected from the group consisting of a heating cylinder, a resistive film, a heating tube, and a heat conducting rod and a resistance wire wound around said heat conducting rod.

30. The apparatus as claimed in claim 29, wherein the heating cylinder is formed by winding a flexible substrate, the resistance wire is attached to an inner sidewall of the heating cylinder, and the apparatus is filled in an inner space of the heating cylinder and is in contact with the resistance wire.

31. The apparatus as claimed in claim 29, wherein the heating body further comprises a heating tube or a heat conducting rod having a resistance wire wound thereon, the heating tube or the heat conducting rod having the resistance wire wound thereon is located in the heating cylinder, and the apparatus is filled between the heating cylinder and the heating tube or between the heating cylinder and the heat conducting rod.

32. The device of claim 27, wherein the heating body includes at least one heating tube, the at least one heating tube being inserted into the device from one end thereof.

33. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the substance stored and/or transported is a solid, liquid or gas at ambient conditions.

34. The device of claim 1, wherein the substance stored and/or delivered is a liquid at ambient conditions.

35. An electronic cigarette comprising a device according to claim 26 and a power supply electrically connected to the smoke or aerosol or vaporisation element, the power supply comprising a battery and a circuit board, the battery being electrically connected to the smoke or aerosol or vaporisation element via the circuit board.

36. An electronic cigarette comprising the device according to any one of claims 27 to 29 and 32 and a power supply device electrically connected to the heating body, the power supply device comprising a battery and a circuit board, the battery being electrically connected to the heating body via the circuit board.