CN213906381U

CN213906381U - Photovoltaic off-grid and generator complementary automatic control system

Info

Publication number: CN213906381U
Application number: CN202023050811.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王蓓
Original assignee: Hebei Xinshengmei New Energy Co ltd
Current assignee: Hebei Xinshengmei New Energy Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-17
Filing date: 2020-12-17
Publication date: 2021-08-06
Anticipated expiration: 2030-12-17

Abstract

The utility model relates to a photovoltaic is from net and complementary automatic control system of generator belongs to photovoltaic power supply technical field, including photovoltaic module and contravariant unit, still include generator and battery, contravariant unit includes dc-to-ac converter and rectifier bridge circuit, the voltage output end of generator is connected to the input of rectifier bridge circuit, the output of rectifier bridge circuit passes through the direct current stabiliser and connects the voltage input end of dc-to-ac converter, photovoltaic module is connected with the battery charging, the voltage output end of photovoltaic module and battery still connects the input of inverter, the output of inverter is connected the load, and when illumination is sufficient, photovoltaic module realizes the power supply to the load to with unnecessary electric quantity storage in the battery; when the illumination is weak and the load requirement cannot be met, the photovoltaic module and the storage battery supply power to the load at the same time; when the illumination and the electric quantity of the storage battery are insufficient, the generator is started to provide stable electric quantity for the load.

Description

Photovoltaic off-grid and generator complementary automatic control system

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the photovoltaic power supply, a control system is related to, specifically be photovoltaic off-grid and the complementary automatic control system of generator.

Background

Photovoltaic power generation is a technology of directly converting light energy into electric energy by using the photovoltaic effect of a semiconductor interface. The solar energy power generation system mainly comprises a solar panel, a controller and an inverter, and the main components of the system are electronic components. The solar cells are connected in series and then are packaged and protected to form a large-area solar cell module, and then the photovoltaic power generation device is formed by matching with components such as a power controller and the like.

However, the solar power supply needs a light source, so that the output voltage of the solar power supply is unstable, and the power is easily cut off.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model discloses a solve above-mentioned problem, designed a photovoltaic and from net and the complementary automatic control system of generator, had the power saving, characteristics that stability is strong.

The utility model discloses a concrete technical scheme is:

the utility model provides a photovoltaic is from net and complementary automatic control system of generator, includes photovoltaic module and contravariant unit, still includes generator and battery, the contravariant unit includes dc-to-ac converter and rectifier bridge circuit, the voltage output of generator is connected to rectifier bridge circuit's input, rectifier bridge circuit's output is connected through direct current stabiliser the voltage input of dc-to-ac converter, photovoltaic module and battery charge are connected, the voltage output of photovoltaic module and battery still connects the input of dc-to-ac converter, the load is connected to the output of dc-to-ac converter.

The control system further comprises a control device, the control device is in communication connection with the inversion module and the generator, and the control device is further in power supply connection with the inverter.

The output end of the photovoltaic module is connected with a post-stage circuit through a photovoltaic module direct-current breaker; the storage battery is connected with the inversion module through a storage battery direct current breaker; the output end of the generator is connected with the input end of the inversion module through the generator alternating current circuit breaker, the voltage input end of the control device is connected with the inversion module through the control alternating current circuit breaker, and the output end of the inversion module is provided with the load alternating current circuit breaker.

The control device comprises a controller and a current sampling circuit, wherein the input end of the current sampling circuit is connected with the output end of the generator, the output end of the current sampling circuit is connected with the input end of the controller, the current sampling circuit comprises an amplifier U1, resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7, the 1 in-pin of the amplifier U1 is grounded through a resistor R1, the 1in + pin of the amplifier U1 is used as the input end of the current sampling circuit through a resistor R2, the series point of the resistor R2 and the 1in + pin of the amplifier U1 is grounded through the resistor R3, the 1 in-pin of the amplifier U1 is connected with the 1out pin of the amplifier U1 through the resistor R4 through the series point of the resistor R1, the 1out pin of the amplifier U1 is connected with the 2in + pin of the amplifier U1 through the resistor R5, the 2 in-pin of the amplifier U1 is connected with the 2 out-pin of the amplifier U1 through the resistor R7, the 2 out-pin of the amplifier U1 is used as the output end of the current sampling circuit, and the series point of the resistor R5 and the 2in + pin of the amplifier U1 is connected with a reference voltage 1VREF through the resistor R6.

The control device comprises a controller and a voltage sampling circuit, wherein the input end of the voltage sampling circuit is connected with the output end of the generator, the output end of the voltage sampling circuit is connected with the input end of the controller, the voltage sampling circuit comprises an amplifier U2, resistors R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R17, R18 and R19, the 1 in-pin of the amplifier U2 is connected in series with the resistors R12-R15 as the negative input terminal of the voltage sampling circuit, the 1in + pin of the amplifier U2 is connected in series with the resistors R8-R11 as the positive input of the voltage sampling circuit, the 1out pin of the amplifier U2 is connected to the 2in + pin of the amplifier U2 through the resistor R18, the 2 in-pin of the amplifier U2 is connected through the resistor R16, and the 2 out-pin of the amplifier U2 is used as the output end of the voltage sampling circuit through the resistor R19.

The amplifier U1 or the amplifier U2 is of model TL 0821.

The control device further comprises a battery current sampling circuit and a controller, wherein the battery current sampling circuit comprises diodes D1 and D2, resistors R21 and R20, PNP triodes Q3, Q4 and Q6, NPN triodes Q1, Q2 and Q5, diodes D1 and D2, and resistors R20 and R21 are connected in series, the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the cathode of the diode D2, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the resistor R21, the series connection point of the diodes D1 and D2 is used as a positive input terminal of the battery current sampling circuit, the series connection point of the resistor R21 and the diode D1 is connected with the base of an NPN triode Q5, the other end of the resistor R21 and the diode D1 is connected with the emitter of the PNP triode Q3, the collector of the PNP triode Q3 is connected with the collector of the NPN triode Q5, the base of the PNP triode Q59Q 3 is connected with the collector of the PNP triode 5, an emitter of the NPN transistor Q5 is connected to an emitter of the PNP transistor Q6, a collector of the PNP transistor Q6 is connected to a collector of the NPN transistor Q2, an emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the resistor R20, a base of the PNP transistor Q6 is connected to a series connection point of the diode D2 and the resistor R20, a base of the NPN transistor Q2 is connected to a collector of the NPN transistor Q2, a collector of the NPN transistor Q2 is further connected to a base of the NPN transistor Q1, an emitter of the NPN transistor Q1 is connected to an emitter of the NPN transistor Q2, a collector of the NPN transistor Q1 is connected to a collector of the PNP transistor Q4, an emitter of the PNP transistor Q4 is connected to an emitter of the PNP transistor Q3, a base of the PNP transistor Q4 is connected to a collector of the PNP transistor Q3, and a connection point of the PNP transistor Q5 and the PNP transistor Q6 is connected as a negative input terminal of the battery current sampling circuit to the battery And the negative electrode of the storage battery, and the connection point of the PNP triode Q4 and the NPN triode Q1 are used as the output end of the battery current sampling circuit.

Still include battery voltage monitoring circuit and controller, the positive pole of battery is connected to battery voltage monitoring circuit's input, battery voltage monitoring circuit's output connection director, battery voltage monitoring circuit includes comparator U3, comparator U3's reverse end is as battery voltage monitoring circuit's input, comparator U3's reverse end is through resistance R25 ground connection, comparator U3's syntropy end is connected +5V voltage source through resistance R23, comparator U3 and resistance R23's series connection electricity is through resistance R22 ground connection, +5V voltage source is through series connection's resistance R24 and R27 ground connection, resistance R24 and R27's series connection point is through resistance R26 connection comparator U3's output.

The utility model has the advantages that:

when the illumination is sufficient, the photovoltaic module supplies power to the load and stores redundant electric quantity into the storage battery; when the illumination is weak and the load requirement cannot be met, the photovoltaic module and the storage battery supply power to the load at the same time; when the illumination and the electric quantity of the storage battery are insufficient, the generator is started to provide stable electric quantity for the load.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the medium current sampling circuit of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of the medium voltage sampling circuit of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the middle battery current sampling circuit of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the battery voltage monitoring circuit of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection and the implementation of the present invention are not limited thereto.

In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 of the specification, the photovoltaic off-grid and generator complementary automatic control system comprises a photovoltaic module, an inverter unit, a generator and a storage battery, wherein the inverter unit comprises an inverter and a rectifier bridge circuit, an input end of the rectifier bridge circuit is connected with a voltage output end of the generator, an output end of the rectifier bridge circuit is connected with a voltage input end of the inverter through a direct current voltage stabilizer, the photovoltaic module is in charging connection with the storage battery, voltage output ends of the photovoltaic module and the storage battery are further connected with an input end of the inverter, and an output end of the inverter is connected with a load.

The inverter module is used for converting direct current into alternating current, the rectifier bridge is used for converting alternating current at the output end of the generator into direct current which can be used by the inverter, and the inverter is used for converting input direct current into alternating current for a load.

The output end of the photovoltaic module is connected with a post-stage circuit through a photovoltaic module direct-current breaker; the storage battery is connected with the inversion module through a storage battery direct current breaker; the output end of the generator is connected with the input end of the inversion module through the generator alternating current breaker, the voltage input end of the control device is connected with the inversion module through the control alternating current breaker, and the output end of the inversion module is provided with the load alternating current breaker.

Photovoltaic direct current breaker, battery direct current breaker, generator alternating current breaker, control alternating current breaker and load alternating current breaker are controlled by the controller among the controlling means, and the generator includes generator control module, generator control module also is connected with the controller communication among the controlling means, and the controller can realize the control to each state switch of this control system, and generator control module can control opening of generator according to the logical instruction of controller in the controlling means and stop, rationally realizes the cooperation of each subassembly, opens the generator when guaranteeing to satisfy the condition, reaches the stop condition generator simultaneously and just shuts down, avoids the fuel extravagant.

As shown in fig. 2 of the specification, the control device includes a controller and a current sampling circuit, an input terminal of the current sampling circuit is connected to an output terminal of the power generator, an output terminal of the current sampling circuit is connected to an input terminal of the controller, the current sampling circuit includes an amplifier U1, resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7, a 1 in-pin of the amplifier U1 is grounded via the resistor R1, a 1in + pin of the amplifier U1 is used as an input terminal of the current sampling circuit via a resistor R2, a series connection point of the resistor R2 and the 1in + pin of the amplifier U1 is grounded via the resistor R3, a 1 in-pin of the amplifier U1 is connected to a 1out pin of the amplifier U1 via a series connection point of the resistor R1 via the resistor R4, a 1out pin of the amplifier U1 is connected to a 2in + pin of the amplifier U1 via the resistor R5, the 2 in-pin of the amplifier U1 is connected with the 2 out-pin of the amplifier U1 through the resistor R7, the 2 out-pin of the amplifier U1 is used as the output end of the current sampling circuit, and the series point of the resistor R5 and the 2in + pin of the amplifier U1 is connected with a reference voltage 1VREF through the resistor R6.

The resistors R2 and R3 convert the current signal into a voltage signal, and the amplifier U1 can improve the load capacity of the circuit and transmit the signal within a reasonable range to the controller.

As shown in fig. 3, the control device includes a controller and a voltage sampling circuit, an input terminal of the voltage sampling circuit is connected with an output terminal of the generator, an output terminal of the voltage sampling circuit is connected with an input terminal of the controller, the voltage sampling circuit includes an amplifier U2, resistors R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R17, R18 and R19, a 1 in-pin of the amplifier U2 is connected in series with the resistors R12-R15 as a negative input terminal of the voltage sampling circuit, a 1in + pin of the amplifier U2 is connected in series with the resistors R8-R11 as a positive input terminal of the voltage sampling circuit, a 1out pin of the amplifier U2 is connected with a 2in + pin of the amplifier U2 through the resistor R18, and a 2 in-pin of the amplifier U2 is connected with the resistor R16, the 2out pin of the amplifier U2 is used as the output terminal of the voltage sampling circuit through a resistor R19.

The positive input end and the negative input end of the voltage sampling circuit and the current respectively pass through the multi-stage voltage division resistors R8-R15, so that the input voltage can be prevented from being overlarge, the voltage division of each resistor is small, and the accuracy of the voltage is guaranteed after multi-stage voltage division.

The amplifier U1 or the amplifier U2 is of model TL 0821.

The control device further comprises a battery current sampling circuit, diodes D1 and D2, resistors R21 and R20, PNP transistors Q20, Q20 and Q20, and NPN transistors Q20, Q20 and Q20, wherein the diodes D20 and D20, the resistors R20 and R20 are connected in series, the anode of the diode D20 is connected to the cathode of the diode D20, the cathode of the diode D20 is connected to the resistor R20, the series connection point of the diodes D20 and D20 serves as the positive input terminal of the battery current sampling circuit, the series connection point of the resistor R20 and the diode D20 is connected to the base of the NPN transistor Q20, the other end of the resistor R20 connected to the diode D20 is connected to the emitter of the PNP transistor Q20, the collector of the PNP transistor Q20 is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor NPN 20, the base of the PNP transistor Q20 is connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor Q20, and the collector of the PNP transistor Q20 is connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor 20. A collector of the PNP transistor Q6 is connected to a collector of the NPN transistor Q2, an emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the resistor R20, a base of the PNP transistor Q6 is connected to a series point of the diode D2 and the resistor R20, a base of the NPN transistor Q2 is connected to a collector of the NPN transistor Q2, a collector of the NPN transistor Q2 is further connected to a base of the NPN transistor Q1, an emitter of the NPN transistor Q1 is connected to an emitter of the NPN transistor Q2, a collector of the NPN transistor Q1 is connected to a collector of the PNP transistor Q4, an emitter of the PNP transistor Q4 is connected to an emitter of the PNP transistor Q3, a base of the PNP transistor Q4 is connected to a collector of the PNP transistor Q3, a connection point of the NPN transistor Q5 and the PNP transistor Q6 serves as a negative input terminal of the battery current sampling circuit and is connected to a negative electrode of the battery, the connection point of the PNP triode Q4 and the NPN triode Q1 is used as the output end of the battery current sampling circuit.

The NPN triode Q5 and the PNP triode Q6 are connected, a resistor with 10 ohm magnitude exists, the NPN triode Q5 and the PNP triode Q6 are current mirror circuits, and current flowing through the PNP triode Q4 and the NPN triode Q1 is converted into voltage to be output to the controller.

The series point of the resistor R22 and the resistor R23 is used as a reference voltage, the reference voltage is compared with the input voltage, if the potential of the input voltage is lower than the reference voltage, the voltage monitoring circuit outputs a high potential signal, and the controller identifies that the electric quantity is too low.

Several states in the system are described below.

1. When the PV energy is weak or the illumination is insufficient in the daytime in the early morning, the photovoltaic system and the storage battery supply power to the user load at the same time;

2. when sunlight is sufficient in the daytime, the PV photovoltaic module outputs power, PV energy is preferentially supplied to a user load, the user load consumes photovoltaic power generation to the maximum extent, and the residual electric quantity is stored in the storage battery pack;

3. at night, the PV photovoltaic module has no power output, and the storage battery is inverted into alternating current through the inverter to supply power to a user load;

4. when the storage battery discharges to the electricity quantity of less than or equal to 20 percent or the photovoltaic system generates very low electricity quantity when continuous rainy days or weak illumination in winter occur and the load power is greater than the minimum power set value of the load, the backup power diesel generator automatically starts electricity generation to supply power to the load of a user;

5. and when the storage battery discharges electricity to the state that the electricity quantity is more than 20% and the photovoltaic power generation power is larger than the load real-time power, stopping the backup power source diesel generator.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a photovoltaic is from net and complementary automatic control system of generator, includes photovoltaic module and contravariant unit, its characterized in that: the photovoltaic module is connected with the storage battery in a charging mode, the inverter unit comprises an inverter and a rectifier bridge circuit, the input end of the rectifier bridge circuit is connected with the voltage output end of the generator, the output end of the rectifier bridge circuit is connected with the voltage input end of the inverter through a direct current voltage stabilizer, the photovoltaic module is connected with the storage battery in a charging mode, the voltage output ends of the photovoltaic module and the storage battery are further connected with the input end of the inverter, and the output end of the inverter is connected with a load.

2. The photovoltaic off-grid and generator complementary automatic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control system further comprises a control device, the control device is in communication connection with the inversion module and the generator, and the control device is further in power supply connection with the inverter.

3. The photovoltaic off-grid and generator complementary automatic control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the output end of the photovoltaic module is connected with a post-stage circuit through a photovoltaic module direct-current breaker; the storage battery is connected with the inversion module through a storage battery direct current breaker; the output end of the generator is connected with the input end of the inversion module through the generator alternating current circuit breaker, the voltage input end of the control device is connected with the inversion module through the control alternating current circuit breaker, and the output end of the inversion module is provided with the load alternating current circuit breaker.

4. The photovoltaic off-grid and generator complementary automatic control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the control device comprises a controller and a current sampling circuit, wherein the input end of the current sampling circuit is connected with the output end of the generator, the output end of the current sampling circuit is connected with the input end of the controller, the current sampling circuit comprises an amplifier U1, resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7, the 1 in-pin of the amplifier U1 is grounded through a resistor R1, the 1in + pin of the amplifier U1 is used as the input end of the current sampling circuit through a resistor R2, the series point of the resistor R2 and the 1in + pin of the amplifier U1 is grounded through the resistor R3, the 1 in-pin of the amplifier U1 is connected with the 1out pin of the amplifier U1 through the resistor R4 through the series point of the resistor R1, the 1out pin of the amplifier U1 is connected with the 2in + pin of the amplifier U1 through the resistor R5, the 2 in-pin of the amplifier U1 is connected with the 2 out-pin of the amplifier U1 through the resistor R7, the 2 out-pin of the amplifier U1 is used as the output end of the current sampling circuit, and the series point of the resistor R5 and the 2in + pin of the amplifier U1 is connected with a reference voltage 1VREF through the resistor R6.

5. The photovoltaic off-grid and generator complementary automatic control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the control device comprises a controller and a voltage sampling circuit, wherein the input end of the voltage sampling circuit is connected with the output end of the generator, the output end of the voltage sampling circuit is connected with the input end of the controller, the voltage sampling circuit comprises an amplifier U2, resistors R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R17, R18 and R19, the 1 in-pin of the amplifier U2 is connected in series with the resistors R12-R15 as the negative input terminal of the voltage sampling circuit, the 1in + pin of the amplifier U2 is connected in series with the resistors R8-R11 as the positive input of the voltage sampling circuit, the 1out pin of the amplifier U2 is connected to the 2in + pin of the amplifier U2 through the resistor R18, the 2 in-pin of the amplifier U2 is connected through the resistor R16, and the 2 out-pin of the amplifier U2 is used as the output end of the voltage sampling circuit through the resistor R19.

6. The photovoltaic off-grid and generator complementary automatic control system according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: the amplifier U1 or the amplifier U2 is of model TL 0821.

7. The photovoltaic off-grid and generator complementary automatic control system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the control device further comprises a controller and a battery current sampling circuit, diodes D1 and D2, resistors R21 and R20, PNP diodes Q3, Q4 and Q6 and NPN diodes Q1, Q2 and Q5, the diodes D1 and D2, the resistors R20 and R21 are connected in series, the anode of the diode D1 is connected with the cathode of the diode D2, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected with the resistor R21, the series connection point of the diodes D1 and D2 is used as the positive input terminal of the battery current sampling circuit, the series connection point of the resistor R21 and the diode D1 is connected with the base of an NPN triode Q5, the other end of the resistor R21 and the diode D1 is connected with the emitter of the PNP triode Q3, the collector of the PNP triode Q3 is connected with the collector of the NPN triode Q5, the base of the PNP triode Q3 is connected with the emitter 5, the collector of the PNP triode Q5 is connected with the emitter of the PNP triode Q38764Q 6, a collector of the PNP transistor Q6 is connected to a collector of the NPN transistor Q2, an emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the resistor R20, a base of the PNP transistor Q6 is connected to a series point of the diode D2 and the resistor R20, a base of the NPN transistor Q2 is connected to a collector of the NPN transistor Q2, a collector of the NPN transistor Q2 is further connected to a base of the NPN transistor Q1, an emitter of the NPN transistor Q1 is connected to an emitter of the NPN transistor Q2, a collector of the NPN transistor Q1 is connected to a collector of the PNP transistor Q4, an emitter of the PNP transistor Q4 is connected to an emitter of the PNP transistor Q3, a base of the PNP transistor Q4 is connected to a collector of the PNP transistor Q3, a connection point of the NPN transistor Q5 and the PNP transistor Q6 serves as a negative input terminal of the battery current sampling circuit and is connected to a negative electrode of the battery, the connection point of the PNP triode Q4 and the NPN triode Q1 is used as the output end of the battery current sampling circuit.

8. The photovoltaic off-grid and generator complementary automatic control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: