CN213875905U - Capacitive sensor for cable insulation detection - Google Patents
Capacitive sensor for cable insulation detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN213875905U CN213875905U CN202021461774.1U CN202021461774U CN213875905U CN 213875905 U CN213875905 U CN 213875905U CN 202021461774 U CN202021461774 U CN 202021461774U CN 213875905 U CN213875905 U CN 213875905U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a capacitive sensor for cable insulation detects, measuring instrument and remote terminal including communication connection, the measuring instrument includes measuring jig, data bus and processing chip, and data bus connects measuring jig and processing chip, and measuring jig includes electrode, flexible basement, metal backplate, flexible protective layer and chuck that sets gradually from inside to outside, and the electrode laminating in the surface of cable, it includes excitation electrode and response electrode, and data bus includes excitation bus and response bus, and the excitation bus is connected the excitation electrode with processing chip; the induction bus is connected with the induction electrode and the processing chip, the processing chip measures a capacitance value between the excitation electrode and the induction electrode, the expansion metal sheet is clamped between the chuck and the flexible protective layer, and the arrangement position of the expansion metal sheet corresponds to the opening end of the chuck. The utility model provides a capacitive sensor for cable insulation detects the precision height.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The utility model relates to a cable insulation detects technical field, concretely relates to a capacitance sensor for cable insulation detects.
[ background of the invention ]
Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cable is a common insulating cable, has the advantages of good heat resistance, high breakdown strength, large insulation resistance coefficient, small dielectric constant, low dielectric loss factor and the like, and is widely applied to power transmission lines and power distribution networks of various voltage grades of power systems. Due to the structural defects of the cable, the operating environment (high temperature, external force, external electric field, moisture and the like) and the operating time, the XLPE cable inevitably generates an insulation aging phenomenon, and the insulation aging not only influences the service life, but also causes serious accidents such as insulation breakdown and the like. In order to ensure reliable operation of the cable and timely find abnormal phenomena, the insulation state detection of the cable is very important.
In the related technology, the pulse current method is the most widely applied detection method at home and abroad. Partial discharges occur when the insulating medium ages, which are accompanied by a series of physical phenomena and chemical changes, and the detection of the relevant signals can be used to evaluate the insulating state. When the power cable is subjected to partial discharge under the condition of pressurization, instantaneous voltage change can be generated at two ends, the two ends are coupled to the detection impedance through the coupling capacitor, pulse current can be generated in a loop, and the pulse voltage generated by the pulse current flowing through the detection impedance is acquired, amplified and displayed, so that the basic quantity of the partial discharge can be measured. The detection method is simple to install, but is easily interfered by external electromagnetic noise. In addition, for the laid XLPE cable line, environmental factors such as soil conductivity, humidity and the like all affect the measurement stability, so that the limitation of field use is high.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a new capacitive sensor for cable insulation detection to solve the above problems.
[ Utility model ] content
The utility model aims at overcoming and adorning above-mentioned technical problem, provide a but sensitivity height and on-line measuring be used for cable insulation to detect's capacitive sensor.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a capacitance sensor for cable insulation detection, comprising a measuring instrument and a remote terminal communicatively connected to the measuring instrument, the remote terminal sends a control signal to the measuring instrument, the measuring instrument transmits measurement data back to the remote terminal, the measuring instrument comprises a measuring clamp, a data bus and a processing chip, wherein the data bus is connected with the measuring clamp and the processing chip, the measuring clamp comprises an electrode, a flexible substrate, a metal back plate, a flexible protective layer, an expansion metal sheet and a chuck which are arranged from inside to outside in sequence, the electrode is attached to the outer surface of the cable, which comprises excitation electrodes and induction electrodes, the data bus comprises an excitation bus and an induction bus, the excitation bus is connected with the excitation electrode and the processing chip and is used for transmitting an excitation signal sent by the processing chip to the excitation electrode; the induction bus is connected with the induction electrode and the processing chip and used for transmitting induction signals generated by the induction electrode to the processing chip, the processing chip measures capacitance values between the excitation electrode and the induction electrode, the expansion metal sheet is clamped between the chuck and the flexible protective layer, and the arrangement position of the expansion metal sheet corresponds to the opening end of the chuck.
Preferably, the number of the electrodes is multiple, and the multiple electrodes are arranged in an annular array along the outer surface of the cable.
Preferably, two adjacent electrodes are oppositely arranged at intervals.
Preferably, the electrode is an interdigital electrode made of copper and has a thickness of 18-36 μm.
Preferably, the flexible substrate is used for insulating and isolating the electrode and the metal back plate, and is made of PTFE or PI, and the thickness of the flexible substrate is 40-60 μm.
Preferably, the chuck comprises a ring sleeve, a force arm and a torsion spring, and the ring sleeve is in a ring shape matched with the shape of the cable; the number of the force arms is two, and the two force arms are symmetrically fixed on the ring sleeve and used for correspondingly clamping the ring sleeve; the torsion spring is arranged at the tail end of the force arm and used for assisting the ring sleeve to reset.
Preferably, both ends of the ring sleeve extend outwards to form fixing parts, the two fixing parts are arranged in parallel, and the two fixing parts are fixedly connected through screws.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a capacitance sensor for cable insulation detects has following advantage: the excitation signal voltage of the excitation electrode is very low and is far lower than the working voltage of the cable, and the measuring instrument is placed on the outer surface of the cable when in use, so that the cable is not damaged and can be subjected to non-damage detection; the sensitivity and other parameters of the measuring instrument can be changed by changing the structural parameters such as the logarithm and the width of the electrodes, the distance between the adjacent electrodes and the like, and the measuring instrument is flexible in design and high in sensitivity; by arranging the metal back plate, radial external noise signals can be effectively shielded, the influence of an external environment is not easy to occur, and the application range is wide; and the structure is simple, the manufacturing process is mature, the material price is low, and the operation is simple.
[ description of the drawings ]
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained without inventive work, wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitive sensor for detecting cable insulation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a reference view showing a state in which the measuring jig shown in FIG. 1 is used;
FIG. 3 is a graph of capacitance and sensitivity measured by a measurement fixture versus dielectric constant of the flexible substrate;
FIG. 4 is an equivalent measurement circuit diagram of the measurement instrument;
FIG. 5(a) is an electric field distribution diagram in the single excitation mode; FIG. 5(b) is a diagram showing an electric field distribution in a two-electrode adjacent excitation selection scheme; FIG. 5(c) is a diagram showing an electric field distribution in a three-electrode method for adjacent excitation selection; FIG. 5(d) is a diagram showing an electric field distribution in a four-electrode method for adjacent excitation selection; FIG. 5(e) is a diagram showing an electric field distribution in the cross excitation mode; FIG. 5(f) is a diagram showing an electric field distribution in the odd-even excitation mode;
FIGS. 6(a) -6(f) are graphs of electric field profiles when alternating electrodes are energized adjacently.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a capacitive sensor 100 for cable insulation detection, wherein the cable 200 includes a metal conductor 210, an insulating layer 220 and a sheath layer 230, which are sequentially disposed from inside to outside, wherein the insulating layer 220 and the sheath layer 230 are collectively referred to as an insulating material of the cable 200, and the capacitive sensor 100 for cable insulation detection is the same as the insulating material for detecting the insulating material.
The capacitive sensor 100 for cable insulation detection includes measuring instrument 10 and with measuring instrument 10 communication connection's remote terminal 20, remote terminal 20 to measuring instrument 10 sends control signal, measuring instrument 10 to remote terminal 20 passback measured data, measuring instrument 10 with remote terminal 20's communication mode adopts conventional technical means in this field can, the utility model discloses do not do the restriction to this.
The measuring instrument 10 comprises a measuring clamp 11, a data bus 12 and a processing chip 13, wherein the data bus 12 is connected with the measuring clamp 11 and the processing chip 13. It should be noted that, in the work of the measuring instrument 10, what measuring fixture 11 measured is the analog capacitance signal, what processing chip 13 handled is the digital signal, still relates to AD conversion and corresponding AD conversion module in the middle of it, belongs to the conventional technical means in this field, the utility model discloses do not describe to this redundantly. Preferably, the processing chip 13 is a single chip microcomputer.
The measuring clamp 11 comprises an electrode 111, a flexible substrate 112, a metal back plate 113, a flexible protective layer 114 and a chuck 115 which are arranged in sequence from inside to outside.
The electrode 111 is deposited on the flexible substrate 112, and the electrode 111 is attached to the outer surface of the cable 200, that is, the electrode 111 is attached to the outer surface of the sheath layer 230. The electrodes 111 include excitation electrodes for applying an excitation signal and sensing electrodes for generating a sensing signal. Preferably, the electrodes 111 are interdigitated electrodes made of copper.
The dielectric constant of the insulating material of the cable 200 changes along with the increase of the aging time, when the inside of the insulating material of the cable has defects, the dielectric constant also changes, and the measurement of the dielectric constant can be converted into the measurement of the dielectric capacitance, so that the change of the dielectric constant of the insulating material can be reflected through the change of the capacitance value. Specifically, the principle of the measuring instrument 10 is as follows: when the exciting electrode and the induction electrode are respectively arranged at two end points of the insulating material, a proper exciting signal is given to the exciting electrode, so that a potential difference is generated between the exciting electrode and the induction electrode, the induction signal output generated by the induction electrode is just the capacitance value between the two end points, the capacitance value between the exciting electrode and the induction electrode is measured, the capacitance value is compared with the capacitance value measured by the cable insulating material under a good insulating state, and the insulating state of the cable is judged. The capacitance value between the excitation electrode and the sensing electrode is measured by the processing chip 13.
The number of the electrodes 111 is multiple, the multiple electrodes 111 are arranged along the outer surface of the cable 200 in an annular array, so that a better covering surface is ensured, measurement of all parts of the cable 200 is realized, and further, two adjacent electrodes 111 are arranged at intervals relatively. The penetration depth of the measuring instrument 10 is mainly determined by the logarithm of the electrode 111, the logarithm of the electrode 111 is in negative correlation with the penetration depth of the measuring instrument 10, the penetration depth can be determined according to the depths of the sheath layer 230 and the insulating layer 220 of the cable 200 to be measured, and then a proper electrode logarithm is selected. To increase the sensitivity of the measurement instrument 10, electrode configurations with larger widths and smaller gaps may be selected. Specifically, in order to increase the capacitance, the thickness of the electrode 111 is set to 18 to 36 μm in the present embodiment.
The flexible substrate 112 is made of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or Polyimide (PI). Preferably, the flexible substrate 112 is made of PTFE, and has excellent chemical stability, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, electrical insulation, hydrophobicity and good anti-aging endurance, and the dielectric constant of the flexible substrate does not change significantly after long-term use, so that the use requirement under severe weather conditions can be met; meanwhile, the cable has toughness, is easy to bend and is convenient to attach to the surface of the cable.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a graph of capacitance and sensitivity measured by the measuring fixture and dielectric constant of the flexible substrate, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the capacitance and sensitivity measured by the measuring fixture 11 decrease with the increase of the dielectric constant of the flexible substrate 112, and the use of PTFE material can effectively reduce the contribution to the measured capacitance and improve the measurement accuracy. In order to reduce the effect of the flexible substrate 112, the thickness of the flexible substrate 112 may be set to 40-60 μm.
The metal back plate 113 is disposed on a side of the flexible substrate 112 away from the electrode 111, and the metal back plate 113 is made of brass and is used for shielding a radial external noise signal and improving detection accuracy. The metal back plate 113 and the electrode 111 are disposed on opposite sides of the flexible substrate 112, and the flexible substrate 112 plays a role of insulating and isolating the electrode 111 and the metal back plate 113.
The flexible protection layer 114 is attached to a side of the metal back plate 113 away from the flexible substrate 112, and is used for separating the metal back plate from the clip 115, so as to prevent the clip 115 from damaging the metal back plate 113. Meanwhile, the flexible protective layer 112 can enable the whole structure to be stressed uniformly, and an air gap between the electrode 111 and the outer surface of the cable 200 is reduced.
The collet 115 includes a collar 1151, a moment arm 1152, and a torsion spring 1153. The ring sleeve 1151 is in a ring shape matched with the shape of the cable; the number of the force arms 1152 is two, and the two force arms 1152 are symmetrically fixed on the ring sleeve 1151 and used for correspondingly clamping the ring sleeve 1151; the torsion spring 1153 is disposed at the end of the moment arm 1152, and is used to assist in resetting the ring housing 1151.
Furthermore, fixing portions 1154 are formed by extending two ends of the ring housing 1151 outwards, the two fixing portions 1154 are arranged in parallel, the two fixing portions 1154 are fixedly connected by a screw 1155, so that the whole measuring clamp 11 is fixed on the outer surface of the cable 200, and the measuring clamp 11 can be tightly contacted with the cable 200 by tightening the screw 1155.
When the cable clamp is used, external force acts on the two fixing parts 1154, the two fixing parts 1154 move back to back, the ring sleeve 1151 is correspondingly opened, after the cable 200 is placed in, the fixing parts 1154 are loosened, the torsion spring 1153 resets to drive the ring sleeve 1151 to reset, the cable 200 is clamped, and then the screw 1155 is screwed down.
Further, an expansion metal sheet 116 is further interposed between the collet 115 and the flexible protection layer 114, a position of the expansion metal sheet 116 corresponds to an opening end of the joint 115, and specifically, the expansion metal sheet 116 is interposed between the ring sleeve 1151 and the flexible protection layer 114 and is disposed at a position corresponding to the fixing portion 1154. After the chuck 115 is fixed, the expansion metal sheet 116 may press the flexible protection layer 114, so as to apply an acting force to the electrode 111, further reduce an air gap between the electrode 111 and the surface of the cable 200, further weaken a lift-off effect, and improve measurement accuracy.
The data bus 12 comprises an excitation bus and an induction bus, the excitation bus is connected with the excitation electrode and the processing chip 13, and is used for transmitting an excitation signal sent by the processing chip 13 to the excitation electrode; the sensing bus is connected with the sensing electrode and the processing chip 13, and is used for feeding back a sensing signal of the sensing electrode to the processing chip 13.
Referring to FIG. 4, FIG. 4 shows an equivalent measurement circuit of the measurement apparatus 10, in which the capacitance C between the excitation electrode and the sensing electrode is divided into two parts (C) connected in parallelDSAnd CG) The metal conductor 210 placed in the electric field is equivalent to an equipotential body with a floating potential VGThe potentials of the exciting electrode and the induction electrode are respectively VDAnd VSThe following formula can be obtained:
Using gaussian theorem on capacitance, there are:
Combining the above formulas to obtain:
as can be seen from the above equation, the capacitance between the excitation electrode and the sensing electrode is independent of the voltage value on the metal conductor 210. Therefore, it is shown that the measuring instrument 10 can be used for real-time on-line measurement of the cable 200, and further, to judge the insulation of the cable 200.
The utility model provides a use method for cable insulation detects's capacitive sensor 100 is:
s1: and clamping the measuring instrument on the outer surface of the cable, and controlling the processing chip to input an excitation signal to the measuring clamp by the remote terminal.
The remote terminal of the measuring instrument is in communication connection, the remote terminal can directly send a control signal to the measuring instrument to control the work of the measuring instrument, and meanwhile, data measured by the measuring instrument can also be fed back to the remote terminal in real time, so that real-time online detection of the cable 200 is realized.
S2: and selecting different excitation modes, and measuring the capacitance value between the excitation electrode and the induction electrode.
S3: and analyzing the insulation of the cable according to the measured capacitance value.
Specifically, the excitation method includes:
parity excitation: dividing the electrodes into two groups with equal number, selecting one group as an exciting electrode and the other group as an induction electrode;
single excitation: selecting any one of the electrodes as an exciting electrode, and the other electrodes as sensing electrodes;
adjacent excitation: selecting two or more adjacent electrodes as excitation electrodes, and the other electrodes as induction electrodes;
cross excitation: adjacent electrodes are selected as excitation electrodes and the same number of other adjacent electrodes are selected as sensing electrodes.
The measured capacitance value is processed by the processing chip 13 and then fed back to the remote terminal.
Referring to fig. 5(a) -5(f) and fig. 6(a) -6(f), the electric field distribution characteristics are different under different excitation modes. In the single excitation mode, the defect of an insulating material under an excitation electrode is relatively sensitive to be reflected, and a non-excitation electrode area is large and has a weak electric field, so that the reflecting capacity is deficient; the cross excitation method has a problem that an electric field in a region between electrodes is weak and an electric field of an inner insulating layer is weak although an effective measurement area of an outer sheath layer is larger. The double-excitation and multi-excitation modes in adjacent excitation have stronger electric field at the excitation electrode, and the defects of the insulating layer in the cable can also be effectively reacted by rotating the electrodes, but a part of area between the two electrodes has an electric field weak point, and the defects in the area are difficult to react; the effective measurement area of the outer sheath layer is larger in the odd-even excitation mode, the weak area of an electric field is small, but the distribution of an insulating electric field in the cable is uneven, and the reflection capability of the cable on the insulating material close to the cable conductor is poor. Therefore, through the combination of the excitation modes, the positions of the excitation electrode and the induction electrode can be changed, so that the position of an electric field is changed, the internal defects of the insulating material can be reflected, and the defect type and the defect position of the insulating material of the cable 200 can be effectively judged.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the determination is made by combining the adjacent excitation and the parity excitation:
firstly, odd-even excitation is applied, the measured capacitance value is compared with the capacitance value of a normal cable, if the capacitance value is greatly changed, the defect can be judged to be positioned on the outer sheath layer of the cable, and then adjacent excitation is carried out. The number of the excitation electrodes can be selected to be larger in adjacent excitation, the excitation electrodes are sequentially rotated clockwise or anticlockwise, and if all capacitance measurement values are changed from normal values after the electrodes are rotated for one circle, the defect of the integral outer sheath is caused; if the capacitance measurement value changes from the normal value in a part of the excitation electrode group, the defect is a local outer sheath defect: the capacitance change is large, and the local defect is positioned on the outer sheath layer corresponding to the electrode; if the capacitance value is slightly changed, the local defect exists in the outer sheath layer corresponding to the gap between the two electrodes.
The capacitance in the odd-even excitation is unchanged or slightly changed, the adjacent excitation mode is still carried out, the electrodes are rotated for one circle in sequence, the capacitance measured value is changed compared with the normal value, and the capacitance is the integral internal insulation defect: if the measured capacitance changes only at a certain excitation electrode, the measured capacitance is the local internal insulation defect corresponding to the excitation electrode: the capacitance value is changed greatly, and the defect appears in the inner insulating layer corresponding to the electrode; if the capacitance variation is small, defects exist in the corresponding inter-insulating layer between the two electrodes.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a capacitance sensor for cable insulation detects has following advantage: the excitation signal voltage of the excitation electrode is very low and is far lower than the working voltage of the cable, and the measuring instrument is placed on the outer surface of the cable when in use, so that the cable is not damaged and can be subjected to non-damage detection; the sensitivity and other parameters of the measuring instrument can be changed by changing the structural parameters such as the logarithm and the width of the electrodes, the distance between the adjacent electrodes and the like, and the measuring instrument is flexible in design and high in sensitivity; by arranging the metal back plate, radial external noise signals can be effectively shielded, the influence of an external environment is not easy to occur, and the application range is wide; and the structure is simple, the manufacturing process is mature, the material price is low, and the operation is simple.
The above embodiments of the present invention are only described, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, but these all fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A capacitance sensor for cable insulation detection is characterized by comprising a measuring instrument and a remote terminal in communication connection with the measuring instrument, the remote terminal sends a control signal to the measuring instrument, the measuring instrument transmits measurement data back to the remote terminal, the measuring instrument comprises a measuring clamp, a data bus and a processing chip, wherein the data bus is connected with the measuring clamp and the processing chip, the measuring clamp comprises an electrode, a flexible substrate, a metal back plate, a flexible protective layer, an expansion metal sheet and a chuck which are arranged from inside to outside in sequence, the electrode is attached to the outer surface of the cable, which comprises excitation electrodes and induction electrodes, the data bus comprises an excitation bus and an induction bus, the excitation bus is connected with the excitation electrode and the processing chip and is used for transmitting an excitation signal sent by the processing chip to the excitation electrode; the induction bus is connected with the induction electrode and the processing chip and used for transmitting induction signals generated by the induction electrode to the processing chip, the processing chip measures capacitance values between the excitation electrode and the induction electrode, the expansion metal sheet is clamped between the chuck and the flexible protective layer, and the arrangement position of the expansion metal sheet corresponds to the opening end of the chuck.
2. The capacitive sensor for cable insulation detection as recited in claim 1, wherein the number of the electrodes is plural, and the plural electrodes are arranged in an annular array along an outer surface of the cable.
3. A capacitive sensor for cable insulation detection as claimed in claim 2, wherein adjacent two of the electrodes are oppositely spaced apart.
4. A capacitive sensor for cable insulation detection according to claim 3, characterized in that the electrodes are interdigitated electrodes made of copper with a thickness of 18-36 μm.
5. The capacitive sensor for cable insulation detection according to claim 1, wherein the flexible substrate is used for insulating and isolating the electrode and the metal back plate, and is made of PTFE or PI material and has a thickness of 40-60 μm.
6. The capacitive sensor for detecting the insulation of the cable according to claim 1, wherein the chuck comprises a ring sleeve, a force arm and a torsion spring, and the ring sleeve is in a circular ring shape matched with the shape of the cable; the number of the force arms is two, and the two force arms are symmetrically fixed on the ring sleeve and used for correspondingly clamping the ring sleeve; the torsion spring is arranged at the tail end of the force arm and used for assisting the ring sleeve to reset.
7. The capacitive sensor for detecting the insulation of the cable as claimed in claim 6, wherein fixing portions are formed at two ends of the loop and extend outwards, the two fixing portions are arranged in parallel, and the two fixing portions are fixedly connected through screws.
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| CN202021461774.1U CN213875905U (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2020-07-20 | Capacitive sensor for cable insulation detection |
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| CN202021461774.1U CN213875905U (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2020-07-20 | Capacitive sensor for cable insulation detection |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111766485A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-13 | 国网新疆电力有限公司乌鲁木齐供电公司 | Capacitive sensor for cable insulation detection and method of use thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111766485A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-13 | 国网新疆电力有限公司乌鲁木齐供电公司 | Capacitive sensor for cable insulation detection and method of use thereof |
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