CN213872676U

CN213872676U - Biomass pellet fuel combustion device

Info

Publication number: CN213872676U
Application number: CN202022181507.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张守政; 冯震
Original assignee: Gansu Huaqing New Energy Bio Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Gansu Huaqing New Energy Bio Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-29
Filing date: 2020-09-29
Publication date: 2021-08-03
Anticipated expiration: 2030-09-29

Abstract

The application relates to a biomass pellet fuel combustion device, which comprises a feeding mechanism (2) and a combustion mechanism (5), wherein the combustion mechanism (5) comprises an air distribution mechanism (504), a cloth combustion disc (512), an ash guide plate (514) and a rotary driving mechanism; the feeding mechanism (2) comprises a feeding bin (1), a material containing buffer zone arranged at the bottom of the feeding bin (1), a reciprocating screw rod mechanism (208), a feeding head (209), a valve and a feeding pipe (3). The material distribution combustion disc is adopted for rotary material distribution and combustion, secondary air supply is adopted for oxygen supply, uniform material distribution is realized, a raw material area, a combustion area and an ash area are formed, new materials do not cover old materials or new and old materials are not mixed, combustion is sufficient, and ash removal is convenient; the reciprocating screw rod is adopted for pushing materials, the feeding head is used for cutting materials, and the valve is sealed, so that continuous quantitative feeding, no material clamping, smoke return prevention and backfire prevention are realized.

Description

Biomass pellet fuel combustion device

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of biomass combustion, in particular to a biomass pellet fuel combustion device.

Background

The biomass particle fuel is a heat supply fuel prepared by compressing biomass, is a renewable green energy source, and is mainly prepared from agricultural and forestry wastes such as straws, sawdust, dried branches and the like. The biomass particles have large heat productivity which is generally 3900-4800 kcal/kg, wherein the combustible substance has high purity, does not contain impurities such as stones and coal gangue which do not generate heat and consume heat, does not contain phosphorus and sulfur, is environment-friendly and does not corrode a boiler, the ash content of the biomass particles is very low, and the ash contains very high potassium elements, so that the biomass particles can be recycled as potassium fertilizer.

Among the present living beings granule burner, the vast majority of feeding mechanism adopts there being the spiral pay-off of axle, the new material of seeing off, old material and ash are piled up together, ventilation nature is poor, the burning is abundant easily to agglomerate, the deashing is difficult, there is the spiral of axle to require highly to the particle diameter length of fuel, it is poor to fuel adaptability, card material phenomenon easily appears after surpassing the size, when shutting down, the fuel of burning passes through the inside fuel of spiral and the fuel contact in the feed bin, the phenomenon of tempering and feed bin smoke return can take place, the flue gas causes indoor air pollution, influence living environment, there is the potential safety hazard.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem that this application will be solved provides a burning is abundant, convenient living beings pellet fuel burner of deashing.

In order to solve the problems, the application provides a biomass pellet fuel combustion device which comprises a feeding mechanism and a combustion mechanism, wherein the combustion mechanism comprises an air distribution mechanism, a cloth combustion disc, an ash guide plate and a rotary driving mechanism; the bottom of the air distribution mechanism is an air supply cavity connected with an air feeder, the top of the air supply cavity is provided with a U-shaped air distribution plate, and the bottom plate and the side wall of the air distribution plate are both provided with air outlet holes; the cloth combustion disc is uniformly provided with air holes, the air holes are formed in a bottom plate of the air distribution plate and can rotate relative to the air distribution mechanism under the driving of the rotary driving mechanism, and an ignition rod is arranged at the feeding position of the cloth combustion disc; the ash guide plate is arranged behind the feeding position in the rotation direction, the length of the ash guide plate is matched with the radius of the cloth combustion disc, and the bottom edge of the ash guide plate is tangent to the upper surface of the cloth combustion disc; the air distribution mechanism is provided with an ash outlet at the ash guide plate.

Preferably, the bottom plate of the air distribution plate is provided with sparse air outlet holes at the feeding position and the ash outlet position.

Preferably, an ash removal chute is arranged on the outer side of the ash outlet on the air distribution mechanism.

Preferably, the air distribution mechanism is provided with an ash removal opening at the air supply cavity, and an ash removal cover is arranged on the ash removal opening.

Preferably, the rotary driving mechanism comprises a central rotating shaft and a driving assembly arranged at the bottom end of the central rotating shaft and used for driving the central rotating shaft to do rotary motion, the bottom end of the central rotating shaft is located below the air distribution mechanism, and the top end of the central rotating shaft penetrates upwards through the air supply cavity and the bottom plate of the air distribution plate and then is connected with the cloth combustion disc.

Preferably, the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding bin, a material containing buffer zone arranged at the bottom of the feeding bin, a reciprocating screw rod mechanism, a feeding head, a valve and a feeding pipe; the feeding head is transversely arranged on one side of the material containing buffer area, the rear end of the feeding head is connected with the reciprocating screw rod mechanism, and the front end of the feeding head is provided with a cutting tool bit; the feeding pipe is used for conveying the fuel from the material containing buffer zone to the combustion mechanism; the valve is arranged on the other side of the material containing buffer area, is opposite to the feeding head, isolates the material containing buffer area from the feeding pipe, and can be opened when being subjected to enough transverse thrust and automatically closed after being subjected to force withdrawal.

Preferably, the valve comprises a valve plate, a spring and a valve body shell; the valve plate is arranged at the opening of the corresponding position of the material containing buffer area and can rotate around the top edge of the material containing buffer area, the valve body shell is arranged at the outer side of the valve plate, two spring fixing pieces with matched positions are arranged on the outer wall of the valve plate and the outer wall of the valve body shell, and two ends of each spring are arranged on the two spring fixing pieces respectively and used for assisting the automatic closing of the valve plate after the force is removed.

Preferably, a furnace body partition plate is arranged between the feeding mechanism and the combustion mechanism.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:

1. in the combustion mechanism, a raw material area, a combustion area and an ash area can be formed on the cloth combustion disc by controlling the rotation speed of the cloth combustion disc and the air volume of the air distribution mechanism (certainly, the matching of proper feeding interval and feeding volume is needed in practical application), so that the situation that new materials cover old materials or the new materials and the old materials are mixed does not exist, the combustion is sufficient, and the caking is prevented; (2) the ash guide plate in the ash area is convenient for ash removal; (3) air outlets are formed in the upper bottom plate and the side wall of the air distribution mechanism, primary air distribution and secondary air distribution for combustion are formed, and sufficient combustion of fuel is facilitated.

2. The feeding mechanism in the application adopts the reciprocating screw rod to convert the rotary motion of the motor into the linear reciprocating motion of the feeding head, has simple integral control, realizes quantitative feeding, and does not need to control the positive and negative rotation of the motor and prevent material blockage; (2) the valve is opened only when the feeding head pushes materials, and is closed at other times, so that fuel and a combustion mechanism in the feeding mechanism are effectively isolated, and smoke return and tempering can be prevented; (3) the front end of the feeding head is provided with a cutting tool bit, the valve is blocked when being opened to a certain degree, and the cutting tool bit and the valve can cut off fuel with smaller force when the feeding head pushes materials, so that the materials are prevented from being blocked.

In conclusion, the biomass pellet fuel combustion device adopts the cloth combustion disc to perform rotary material distribution and combustion and supply oxygen through secondary air supply, so that uniform material distribution is realized, new materials do not cover old materials or the new materials and the old materials are not mixed, and the combustion is sufficient; the reciprocating screw rod is adopted for pushing materials, the feeding head is used for cutting materials, and the valve is sealed, so that continuous quantitative feeding, no material clamping, smoke return prevention and backfire prevention are realized.

Drawings

The following describes embodiments of the present application in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a combustion mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is an isometric view of a biomass pellet fuel combustion device oriented in a combustion mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a top view of a biomass pellet fuel combustion apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an air distribution mechanism in a combustion mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 5 is an isometric view of an ash removal chute provided in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 6 is an overall cross-sectional view of a biomass pellet fuel combustion device provided in the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 7 is an isometric view of a biomass pellet fuel combustion device in the direction of a feed mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of the structure of the feeding head and the valve in the feeding mechanism according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.

In the figure: 1-a feeding bin, 2-a feeding mechanism, 3-a feeding pipe, 4-a furnace body partition plate, 5-a combustion mechanism, 6-an ash removal chute and 7-an ash collection bin;

201-speed reducing motors I, 202-driving chain wheels, 203-chains, 204-driven chain wheels, 205-fixing plates I, 206-driven shafts and bearing seats, 207-fixing plates II, 208-reciprocating screw rod mechanisms, 209-feeding heads, 210-valve plates, 211-springs, 212-spring fixing pieces, 213-valve body shells and 214-feeding shells;

501-an ignition rod, 502-a centrifugal fan, 503-a reduction motor II, 504-an air distribution mechanism, 505-a worm, 506-a shaft sleeve, 507-a shaft sleeve support, 508-a support bottom plate, 509-a turbine, 510-a turbine shaft, 511-a fixing cap, 512-a cloth combustion disc, 513-an ash removal cover and 514-an ash guide plate.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the embodiment of the present application provides a biomass pellet fuel combustion apparatus, which mainly includes a feeding mechanism 2 and a combustion mechanism 5, between which a furnace body partition plate 4 is disposed.

In the present application, the combustion mechanism 5 includes an air distribution mechanism 504, a cloth combustion plate 512, an ash guide plate 514, and a rotation drive mechanism.

The air distribution mechanism 504 is cylindrical, the bottom of the air distribution mechanism is an air supply cavity connected with the air feeder 502, the top of the air supply cavity is provided with a U-shaped air distribution plate, and the bottom plate and the side wall of the air distribution plate are both provided with air outlet holes. The diameter of the bottom plate is smaller than the inner diameter of the air supply cavity, the upper edge of the side wall is connected with the upper edge of the air supply cavity, and the air distribution mechanism 504 is integrally welded. The air outlet holes on the bottom plate provide primary air for the fuel, and the air outlet holes on the side wall provide combustion-supporting secondary air to ensure that the fuel is fully combusted. The blower 502 is a centrifugal fan, is arranged on the feeding side of the furnace body partition plate 4, and is connected to the air feeding cavity of the air distribution mechanism 504 through an air feeding pipeline, and the air feeding pipeline is arranged on the furnace body partition plate 4 in a penetrating way.

The cloth burning tray 512 is uniformly provided with air holes, which are arranged on the bottom plate of the air distribution plate and can rotate relative to the air distribution mechanism 504 under the driving of the rotary driving mechanism. An ignition rod 501 is arranged at the feeding position of the cloth combustion disc 512, and the ignition rod 501 is arranged on the air distribution mechanism 504. The air holes on the cloth combustion disc 512 are used for allowing air from the air supply cavity to pass through and supplying oxygen for fuel air supply, the rotary motion of the cloth combustion disc 512 (the rotating speed of the cloth combustion disc 512 is controlled according to the fuel condition) is favorable for uniform distribution of the fuel, the cloth combustion disc can slowly rotate to distribute, burn and remove ash, and new materials, the burned materials and an ash region are not mixed.

The ash guide plate 514 is curved and is arranged behind the feeding position in the rotation direction, the length of the ash guide plate is adaptive to the radius of the cloth combustion disc 512, and the bottom edge of the ash guide plate is tangent to the upper surface of the cloth combustion disc 512; the air distribution mechanism 504 is provided with an ash outlet at the ash guide plate 514. An ash removal chute 6 is arranged on the outer side of the ash outlet of the air distribution mechanism 504, the ash removal chute 6 is integrally in a strip cover shape, and an ash collection bin 7 is arranged below the ash removal chute 6. The ash on the rotating cloth burning disc 512 is shielded, guided, extruded and flows out from the ash outlet through the ash guiding plate 514, and then falls into the ash collecting bin 7 under the guiding and gathering of the ash cleaning chute 6.

Furthermore, considering that ignition is needed during feeding and combustion at the ash outlet is finished, only slight blowing is needed, so that air outlets formed in the feeding position and the ash outlet are sparse compared with other positions on the bottom plate of the air distribution plate in the air distribution mechanism 504.

An ash cleaning port is arranged at the air supply cavity on the air distribution mechanism 504, and an ash cleaning cover 513 is arranged on the ash cleaning port so as to timely clean the burning ash falling from the upper part.

The rotary driving mechanism for driving the cloth burning disc 512 to make rotary motion comprises a central rotating shaft and a driving component arranged at the bottom end of the central rotating shaft and used for driving the cloth burning disc 512 to make rotary motion, the bottom end of the central rotating shaft is positioned below the air distribution mechanism 504, and the top end of the central rotating shaft upwards penetrates through the air supply cavity and the bottom plate of the air distribution plate and then is connected with the cloth burning disc 512. In practical application, the driving assembly may include a reduction motor II503, a worm 505, a worm wheel 509 and a turbine shaft 510, where the turbine shaft 510 is a central rotating shaft; the speed reducing motor II503 is arranged on the furnace body partition plate 4, the worm 505 is arranged on a support base plate 508 through a shaft sleeve 506 and a shaft sleeve support 507, and the support base plate 508 is arranged at the bottom of the air distribution mechanism 504; a cloth combustion disc 512 is fixed to the top of the turbine shaft 510 by a fixing cap 511. During operation, the reduction motor II503 drives the worm 505 and the worm wheel 509 to drive and finally drive the cloth burning disc 512 to rotate, and the speed of the reduction motor II503 is controlled according to the fuel condition so as to control the rotating speed of the cloth burning disc 512.

In this application, above-mentioned feeding mechanism 2 includes feeding storehouse 1, establishes the flourishing material buffer zone in feeding storehouse 1 bottom, reciprocal screw mechanism 208, feed head 209, valve and conveying pipe 3. The material containing buffer zone is surrounded by a feeding shell 214.

The reciprocating screw mechanism 208 includes a screw and a driving component for driving the screw to make linear reciprocating motion, and the front end of the screw is connected with the rear end of the feeding head 209. The driving assembly comprises a speed reducing motor I201, a driving chain wheel 202 connected with the speed reducing motor I201, a driven chain wheel 204 and a chain 203 connected with the driving chain wheel 202 and the driven chain wheel 204; the driven sprocket 204 is connected to the lead screw through a driven shaft and bearing block 206. The speed reducing motor I201, the fixing plate I205, the driven shaft and bearing seat 206, the fixing plate II207 and the feeding shell 214 are connected in sequence.

The feeding head 209 is transversely arranged at one side of the material containing buffer area, the rear end of the feeding head is connected with the reciprocating screw rod mechanism 208, and the front end of the feeding head is provided with a cutting head. The overlapping area of the feed opening of the feed shell 214 and the feed head 209 can be beveled and quenched.

The feeding pipe 3 inclines from the feeding side to the combustion side, penetrates through the furnace body partition plate 4 and is used for conveying the fuel from the material containing buffer area to the feeding position of the material distribution combustion disc 512 in the combustion mechanism 5.

The valve is located on the other side of the loading buffer zone, opposite the feed head 209, separating the loading buffer zone from the feed tube 3, and it can open when subjected to sufficient lateral thrust and be retained when open to a certain extent and close automatically after withdrawal of the force. When the feeding mechanism 2 works, the reciprocating screw rod mechanism 208 does reciprocating motion, the feeding head 209 at the front end intermittently passes through the material containing buffer area in the feeding shell 214, when the feeding head 209 feeds materials in a right-hand motion, the feeding head 209 extrudes, cuts off and pushes the materials, the extruded materials push the valve open, the materials enter the feeding pipe 3, and the materials are conveyed by gravity to slide to the combustion mechanism 5. When the feed head 209 moves to the left, the valve automatically closes, closing the feed channel.

Further, the above valve includes a valve plate 210, a spring 211, and a valve body housing 213; the valve plate 210 is arranged at an opening corresponding to the material containing buffer area and can rotate around the top edge of the material containing buffer area, the valve body shell 213 is arranged on the outer side of the valve plate 210 and used for resisting the valve plate when the valve plate is opened to a certain degree, two spring fixing pieces 212 matched in position are arranged on the outer wall of the valve plate 210 and the outer wall of the valve body shell 213, and two ends of the spring 211 are respectively arranged on the two spring fixing pieces 212 and used for assisting the valve plate 210 to be automatically closed after force is removed. When the biomass particle feeder works, when the feeding head 209 pushes materials, the materials push the valve plate 210 away, the spring 211 is in a stretching state, biomass particles enter the combustion mechanism 5 through the feeding pipe 3, and when the feeding head 209 returns, the valve plate 210 is tightened and restored to an initial position through the spring 211 to seal a feeding channel.

The combustion process of the biomass pellet fuel combustion device is illustrated by combining the practical application:

(1) fuel is prepared and added to feed silo 1 for storage, at which point some of the material has entered the fill buffer in feed housing 214.

(2) The whole combustion process is automatically controlled by a controller, the purging function is started when the combustion mechanism 5 is started, and the blower 502 and the speed reducing motor II503 in the combustion mechanism 5 run for 30 seconds.

(3) And (3) entering a pre-feeding stage, operating a speed reduction motor I201 in the feeding mechanism 2 for 40 seconds for pre-feeding, simultaneously electrifying the ignition rod 501, and when the controller detects that the temperature of the discharge hole of the feeding pipe 3 reaches 60 ℃, igniting successfully and powering off the ignition rod 501.

(4) The combustion stage is started, the feeding time and the feeding interval are controlled according to the actual requirements of customers, the rotating speed of the cloth combustion disc 512 and the air quantity of the air feeder 502 are controlled, the cloth combustion disc 512 rotates to form a raw material area, a combustion area and an ash area, when ash formed by combustion on the cloth combustion disc 512 rotates to the ash guide plate 514, the ash is cut through the ash guide plate 512 tangent to the cloth combustion disc 512, meanwhile, the movable material at the rear part pushes the ash in the front, the ash is guided to the ash guide plate 512 under the dual action, slides out and enters the ash collection bin 7 through the ash removal chute 6 to be collected.

(5) After the operation is carried out for a period of time, the dust removing cover 513 on the air distribution mechanism 504 is opened, and the dust collected in the dust removing cover is removed.

In conclusion, the biomass pellet fuel combustion device adopts the reciprocating type screw rod to push materials, the feeding head cuts materials, the valve plate and the spring are sealed, the inclined tube feeds materials, the turbine worm rotates to distribute materials and combust, the distribution combustion disc does rotation motion, uniform distribution is realized, no new materials cover the old materials or the new and old materials are mixed, the combustion is sufficient, and meanwhile, continuous quantitative feeding, no material clamping, smoke return prevention and backfire prevention can be realized.

The technical solutions provided by the present application are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present application are explained herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the structure and the core concept of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make several improvements and modifications to the present application without departing from the principle of the present application, and such improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a living beings pellet fuel burner, includes feeding mechanism (2) and burning mechanism (5), its characterized in that:

the combustion mechanism (5) comprises an air distribution mechanism (504), a cloth combustion disc (512), an ash guide plate (514) and a rotary driving mechanism;

the bottom of the air distribution mechanism (504) is an air supply cavity connected with the air feeder (502), the top of the air supply cavity is provided with a U-shaped air distribution plate, and the bottom plate and the side wall of the air distribution plate are both provided with air outlet holes;

the cloth combustion disc (512) is uniformly provided with air holes, the air holes are arranged on a bottom plate of the air distribution plate and can rotate relative to the air distribution mechanism (504) under the drive of the rotary driving mechanism, and an ignition rod (501) is arranged at the feeding position of the cloth combustion disc (512);

the ash guide plate (514) is arranged behind the feeding position in the rotation direction, the length of the ash guide plate is adaptive to the radius of the cloth burning disc (512), and the bottom edge of the ash guide plate is tangent to the upper surface of the cloth burning disc (512); the air distribution mechanism (504) is provided with an ash outlet at the ash guide plate (514).

2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom plate of the air distribution plate is provided with sparse air outlet holes at the feeding position and the ash outlet position.

3. The device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that an ash removal chute (6) is arranged on the air distribution mechanism (504) outside the ash outlet.

4. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air distribution mechanism (504) is provided with an ash removal port at the air supply cavity, and an ash removal cover (513) is arranged on the ash removal port.

5. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotary driving mechanism comprises a central rotating shaft and a driving component arranged at the bottom end of the central rotating shaft for driving the central rotating shaft to make a rotary motion, the bottom end of the central rotating shaft is positioned below the air distribution mechanism (504), and the top end of the central rotating shaft penetrates upwards through the air supply cavity and the bottom plate of the air distribution plate and then is connected with the cloth burning disc (512).

6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the feeding mechanism (2) comprises a feeding bin (1), a material containing buffer zone arranged at the bottom of the feeding bin (1), a reciprocating screw mechanism (208), a feeding head (209), a valve and a feeding pipe (3);

the feeding head (209) is transversely arranged at one side of the material containing buffer area, the rear end of the feeding head is connected with the reciprocating screw rod mechanism (208), and the front end of the feeding head is provided with a cutting tool bit;

the feed pipe (3) is used for conveying the fuel from the material containing buffer zone to the combustion mechanism (5);

the valve is arranged on the other side of the material containing buffer area, is opposite to the feeding head (209), isolates the material containing buffer area from the feeding pipe (3), and can be opened when sufficient transverse thrust is applied and automatically closed after force is removed.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the valve comprises a valve plate (210), a spring (211) and a valve body housing (213); the valve plate (210) is arranged at the opening of the corresponding position of the material containing buffer area and can rotate around the top edge of the material containing buffer area, the valve body shell (213) is arranged on the outer side of the valve plate (210), two spring fixing pieces (212) matched in position are arranged on the outer wall of the valve plate (210) and the outer wall of the valve body shell (213), and two ends of each spring (211) are respectively arranged on the two spring fixing pieces and used for assisting the valve plate (210) to be automatically closed after force is removed.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a furnace partition (4) is provided between the feeding means (2) and the combustion means (5).