CN213808408U

CN213808408U - Standardized anti-loose bolt and nut assembly for railway large-scale assembly

Info

Publication number: CN213808408U
Application number: CN202021555132.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马占军
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-07-31
Filing date: 2020-07-31
Publication date: 2021-07-27
Anticipated expiration: 2030-07-31

Abstract

The utility model relates to a standardized check bolt nut subassembly for railway is assembled on a large scale relates to mechanical engineering technical field. The utility model provides a standardized check bolt nut subassembly for railway is assembled on a large scale, including the screw rod body (1), nut (2), the screw rod body (1) has one by a ordinary bolt (11) screw thread end to expand and connects ring (12), screw thread part mark has safety inspection sign (13) to constitute, nut (2) are connected with one on ordinary nut (21) and expand and connect sleeve (22) to constitute, connect sleeve (22) the inflation of nut (2) to overlap on the screw rod body (1) towards the direction of work piece, and load the working torque of regulation, inspect safety inspection sign (13) at last and have or not surpass, if safety inspection sign (13) do not expose, the normal completion of explanation assembly. The mechanical anti-loosening fastener is small, exquisite, reliable and easy to maintain.

Description

Standardized anti-loose bolt and nut assembly for railway large-scale assembly

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a mechanical engineering technical field.

Background

Threaded fasteners are widely used for fastening connections between various mechanical structures. The method for preventing the loosening of the firm parts in the railway laying construction of high-speed rails in China is an important research project. In the patent system of our country there are many bolt-nut anti-loose techniques, but there is no suitable anti-loose bolt-nut technique to be applied in the actual rail laying of high-speed rail, wherein the most important reason is that the number of nuts on the rail is too large, this characteristic requires that the installation of the anti-loose nut must be simple, direct, high-efficient, and can be installed and disassembled quickly in large scale by machine, which results in that a large number of anti-loose techniques with complicated structure can not be applied practically, in addition, the working condition of the railway is bad, the influence of natural environment is large, the reliability and stability requirements for the anti-loose of the firm piece are high, therefore, the invention of an installation and disassembly method is urgently needed in engineering construction, which is suitable for large scale mechanized installation and disassembly, can provide long-distance anti-loose moment stroke, once the anti-loose moment can not be lost immediately, can attract the elastic energy during vibration to prevent the loose under the vibration condition, the mechanical anti-loosening structure fastener can still be safely prevented from loosening under the condition of no pretightening force, can set anti-loosening torque meeting the safety requirement according to working conditions, and has a simple structure and reliable performance.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to solve the technical problem that an installation dismantlement method is succinct, is suitable for the installation of big batch machine and dismantles, can provide long distance locking moment stroke, in case unexpected not hard up, can not lose locking moment at once, elastic energy when can attracting vibrations prevents not hard up under the vibrations condition, still can not be not hard up safely under no pretightning force condition, can press the locking moment of torsion that the operating mode condition set for needs, simple structure, the reliable performance's mechanical anti loosening structure fastener.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: the utility model provides a standardized check bolt nut subassembly for railway large-scale assembly, including the screw body (1), nut (2), the screw body (1) is connected with an expansion ring (12) and safety inspection sign (13) on by a bolt or double-screw bolt (11) and constitutes, nut (2) is connected with an expansion sleeve (22) that the cross-section is circular on by a nut (21) and constitutes, the internal diameter of expansion sleeve (22) is less than the maximum outer profile diameter of expansion ring (12), the maximum outer profile diameter of expansion ring (12) is referred to the diameter of the hexagonal circumscribed circle of expansion ring (12) appearance in example figure 1, the numerical value that the internal diameter of expansion sleeve (22) and the maximum outer profile diameter of expansion ring (12) are poor is determined by the anti-loosening torque size that engineering actually needs to set for, the numerical value that the difference between both diameters is big, the expansion deformation that produces after expansion sleeve (22) cover expansion ring (12) just is big, the obtained anti-loose friction force and the anti-loose torque generated by the continuous deformation resistance of the expansion joint sleeve (22) are larger, the total height of the nut (2) comprises the height of the nut (21) and the height of the expansion joint sleeve (22), the total height of the nut (2) is smaller than the thread length of the nut body (1), the expansion joint sleeve (22) of the nut (2) is sleeved on the nut body (1) towards the direction of a workpiece, the nut (21) at the tail end is screwed on the thread, the nut (21) is screwed and the expansion joint sleeve (22) is deformed and sleeved outside the expansion joint ring (12), the torque used for screwing the nut (2) is the anti-loose torque for preventing the nut from loosening in the future, the nut (21) is screwed continuously until the expansion joint sleeve (22) sleeves the expansion joint ring (12) in the inner side and then compresses the workpiece, the specified working torque is loaded, and finally the safety detection mark (13) is inspected to be detected whether the anti-loose torque exceeds or not, the height of the thread marked by the safety detection mark (13) is the height of the nut (21) plus a little safety addition amount, if the safety detection mark (13) exceeds the nut (21) and is exposed outside, the expansion joint sleeve (22) and the expansion joint ring (12) are possibly attached together, whether the size of a workpiece meets the standard needs to be checked, and if the safety detection mark (13) is not exposed, the assembly is normally finished.

The technical essential of the utility model lies in, first point: the size and the thickness of a workpiece clamped between the bolt and the nut are the same standard component in large-scale standardized assembly engineering such as railway tracks and the like, and the size of the workpiece is consistent. With this consistency it is possible to tailor, as the case may be, the optimum dimensions to the extent that the length of the expansion sleeve (22) and the size of the position of the expansion ring (12) are sufficiently accurate to perfectly match each other, since the dimensions of such railway standards or other mass produced standards are not subject to random variations, and are suitable for mass mechanized assembly and disassembly. And a second point: the traditional mode of providing the anti-loosening torque by relying on the mutual friction force between the threads is abandoned, the anti-loosening torque is mainly provided by the fact that the expansion joint sleeve (22) with the smaller inner diameter can generate enough expansion joint deformation after being sleeved outside the expansion joint ring (12) with the larger outer profile diameter, and the torque generated by the sufficient anti-loosening friction force and the continuous deformation resistance is obtained. There are three benefits to doing so: 1, the anti-loosening torque capable of meeting the safety requirement can be set according to working conditions. By adjusting and setting the numerical difference between the inner diameter of the expansion joint sleeve (22) and the maximum outer contour diameter of the expansion joint ring (12), the anti-loosening torque can be made to be large enough according to requirements, and the assembly and disassembly of the anti-loosening torque can be easily completed on a large scale by a mechanical tool. 2, the steel wire rope cannot be loosened under the working condition without pretightening force. The anti-loosening moment is derived from the friction force generated by expansion and deformation generated after assembly and the torque generated by continuous deformation resistance, so that the anti-loosening moment is irrelevant to the pre-tightening force between the nut and the workpiece, and the anti-loosening moment can normally work without loosening under the working condition without the pre-tightening force. And 3, the vibration energy can be absorbed through elastic deformation, and the vibration cannot be loosened in percentage. Because the expansion sleeve (22) has a certain length and can provide certain axial torsional deformation, the size structure of the expansion sleeve (22) can generate overall elastic deformation instead of mutual movement and loosening when receiving vibration force after tightly holding the expansion ring (12) only by setting enough anti-loosening torque, and can elastically recover at the moment when the vibration force disappears, thereby achieving the effect of absorbing vibration energy without loosening. And 4, a long-distance anti-loosening torque stroke is provided, and enough early warning time is provided. If the anti-loosening torque is to disappear, the anti-loosening torque can be realized only by completely separating the expansion sleeve (22) and the expansion ring (12) through the loosening stroke of the nut (2), generally more than ten centimeters, so that the anti-loosening torque is always effectively existed in the long loosening process, enough time can be provided, early warning time is provided for workers to find and eliminate hidden dangers, and once the anti-loosening torque is lost, the ordinary nut can lose the anti-loosening torque quickly and is out of the way for the workers. For example, the lock nut on the current automobile wheel is the Shibiku lock nut in the United states, and once loosened, the lock nut immediately fails, so that the wheel of a truck on the road is sometimes seen to suddenly fly out. And a third point: the process of sleeving the expansion sleeve (22) outside the expansion ring (12) is completed by increasing the stroke of screwing the threads, so that the process that only one nut (2) is screwed in the whole installation process of the locknut is realized, and the extremely simple mode enables large-scale mechanical assembly and disassembly to be possible. A fourth point: the shape of the expansion ring (12) is here polygonal, which has two advantages: 1. after the expansion sleeve (22) is sleeved with the expansion sleeve, not only can the friction resistance of a contact surface be generated, but also the expansion sleeve (22) can be continuously deformed to generate great deformation resistance, so that the anti-loosening torque value is greatly enhanced. 2, under the state of the expanded joint and the sleeving for a very long time, the plastic deformation trend of the expanded joint sleeve (22) is changed into a polygon which is the same as that of the expanded joint ring (12), so that the effect of preventing loosening is more facilitated, and the friction force and the continuous deformation resistance which are overcome by loosening cannot be reduced. And fifth, the method comprises the following steps: the strength of the mutual friction contact part of the expansion joint sleeve (22) and the expansion joint ring (12) is increased through a certain carburization or local heat treatment method, and the effect of repeated use can be achieved.

The utility model has the advantages that: 1. the nut is assembled and disassembled simply as the nut (21) while providing reliable anti-loosening performance, so that large-scale mechanized operation can be realized. The seamless rail is adopted in the high-speed rail in China, and the task of releasing stress caused by expansion with heat and contraction with cold by loosening all nuts for several times every year is required, so that only the most concise locknut capable of being mechanically operated in large batches can be really applied to the high-speed rail, and the current situation that the nuts on all the high-speed rails in China still adopt common nuts is changed. 2. The anti-loosening torque which can meet the safety requirement can be set according to the working condition. 3. Can not loosen under the working condition without pretightening force. 4. And under the condition of setting enough anti-loosening torque, the vibration energy is absorbed through elastic deformation, and the vibration cannot be loosened in percent. 5. And a long-distance anti-loosening torque stroke is provided, and early warning is timely performed. 6. The nut is also suitable for all engineering construction requiring mass standardized assembly of nuts, and is free from the defect that the known locknuts can not be applied to large-volume and large-scale engineering construction although the types of locknuts are many.

Drawings

The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is the utility model relates to a standardized check bolt nut subassembly schematic structure for railway is assembled on a large scale.

Fig. 2 is an effect view of the sequential assembly of the parts.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the embedded connection and the reverse thread connection of the expansion sleeve (22) and the nut (21).

Fig. 4 shows the position of the expansion ring (12) also at the head of the threaded end of the screw body (1).

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure in which the expansion sleeve (22) is disposed at the lowermost end of the threaded hole of the workpiece for the structure in which the individual bolt is screwed to the workpiece.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a structure in which the expansion sleeve (22) is disposed at the uppermost end of the threaded hole of the workpiece for a structure in which a separate bolt is screwed to the workpiece.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the connection mode of the expansion ring (12) on the screw body (1) through a fastening screw or a pin.

The inside of the attached drawing is 1. a screw rod body (1) and 2. a nut (2).

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1, a standardized anti-loosening bolt and nut assembly for railway large-scale assembly is provided, which comprises a bolt body (1) and a nut (2), wherein the bolt body (1) is formed by connecting a bolt or a stud (11) with an expansion ring (12) and a safety detection mark (13), the nut (2) is formed by connecting a nut (21) with an expansion sleeve (22) with a circular cross section, the inner diameter of the expansion sleeve (22) is smaller than the maximum outer contour diameter of the expansion ring (12), the maximum outer contour diameter of the expansion ring (12) refers to the diameter of a hexagonal circumscribed circle of the outer shape of the expansion ring (12) in an example drawing 1, the difference value between the inner diameter of the expansion sleeve (22) and the maximum outer contour diameter of the expansion ring (12) is determined by the magnitude of anti-loosening torque which is actually required to be set by engineering, and the difference value between the diameters of the two is larger, the expansion joint deformation generated after the expansion joint sleeve (22) is sleeved outside the expansion joint ring (12) is larger, the obtained anti-loose friction force and the anti-loose torque generated by the continuous deformation resistance of the expansion joint sleeve (22) are larger, the total height of the nut (2) comprises the height of the nut (21) and the height of the expansion joint sleeve (22), the total height of the nut (2) is smaller than the thread length of the screw body (1), the expansion joint sleeve (22) of the nut (2) is sleeved on the screw body (1) towards the direction of the workpiece, the nut (21) at the tail end is screwed on the thread, the nut (21) is screwed, the expansion joint sleeve (22) is deformed and sleeved outside the expansion joint ring (12), the torque used by the nut (2) is the anti-loose torque for preventing the nut from loosening in the future, the nut (21) is screwed continuously until the expansion joint sleeve (22) completely sleeves the expansion joint ring (12) inside, and then the workpiece is compressed, and loading to a specified working torque, finally, checking whether the safety detection mark (13) exceeds the preset value, wherein the height of the thread of the safety detection mark (13) is the height of the nut (21) plus a little safety addition amount, if the safety detection mark (13) exceeds the nut (21) and is exposed outside, the expansion joint sleeve (22) and the expansion joint ring (12) are possibly attached together, whether the size of a workpiece meets the standard needs to be checked, and if the safety detection mark (13) is not exposed, the assembly is normally finished. In order to smoothly sleeve the expansion joint sleeve (22) on the expansion joint ring (12), a fillet needs to be poured out at the opening end of the expansion joint sleeve (22) and the edge angles of the upper end surface and the side surface of the expansion joint ring (12), and the fillet is ensured to be large enough to smoothly guide the expansion joint ring (12) into the expansion joint sleeve (22). According to the actual engineering requirements, the cross section shape of the further expansion joint ring (12) does not need to be hexagonal as shown in fig. 1, and different shapes such as quadrangle and ellipse can be made under the condition of ensuring the same principle, or the cross section shape is made into a simple cylindrical shape for simplifying the structure, or a spiral structure in the reverse thread direction and the like. Further, as shown in fig. 3, the expansion sleeve (22) and the nut (21) can be connected by a snap-in connection or a reverse-thread connection. When adopting reverse threaded connection, when mounting nut (2), owing to receive the extrusion of expansion joint ring (12), expansion joint sleeve (22) can not loosen, when dismantling nut (2), reverse screw can tighten up, expansion joint sleeve (22) can not loosen more. The connecting mode of the expansion sleeve (22) and the nut (21) can adopt a movable connecting mode, so that a large number of expansion sleeves (22) with various lengths can be prepared in advance, the expansion sleeves can be assembled as required when in use, the recycling of parts is facilitated, and great economic benefits are achieved. Furthermore, as shown in fig. 4, the expansion ring (12) may also be disposed at the head of the threaded end of the screw body (1), and at this time, the maximum outer profile diameter of the expansion ring (12) is smaller than the minimum root diameter of the thread of the screw body (1), so that the nut (21) can pass through smoothly without jamming, and the expansion sleeve (22) is shaped like an L. Further, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, in the structure in which a separate bolt is screwed to a workpiece, since there is no nut, the expansion sleeve (22) needs to be provided at the lowermost end or the uppermost end of the threaded hole of the workpiece. Further, as shown in fig. 7, the connection mode of the expansion ring (12) on the screw body (1) can be a flexible connection, for example, a fastening screw or a pin is used for fixing the expansion ring (12) at a required position. Since the entire expansion ring (12) is inserted into the expansion sleeve (22) after assembly, the screws or pins that secure the expansion ring (12) cannot be removed. Or a shallow groove can be formed on the screw rod body (1) to fix the screw or the pin in the shallow groove. The loose connection mode can greatly shorten the length of the expansion joint sleeve (22), so that the structure is more compact, the position of the expansion joint ring (12) can be determined on site, and the locknut can be well applied even if the expansion joint ring is clamped by a standard component.

The scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the specific forms set forth in the following examples, but should also be construed as being equivalent to the technical means which can be conceived by those skilled in the art without changing the principle of the structure.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a standardized check bolt nut subassembly for railway is assembled on a large scale, the screw body (1) and nut (2) are through threaded connection, characterized by provides a standardized check bolt nut subassembly for railway is assembled on a large scale, including the screw body (1), nut (2), the screw body (1) is connected with one on bolt or double-screw bolt (11) and expands and connect ring (12) and safety inspection sign (13) to constitute, nut (2) is connected with one cross-section and connects sleeve (22) for circular shape on by a nut (21) and constitute, the internal diameter that expands and connects sleeve (22) is less than the biggest outline diameter that expands and connects ring (12).

2. The standardized loose-proof bolt nut assembly for railway mass assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the loose-proof torque is mainly provided by the torque generated by the sufficient expansion deformation of the expansion sleeve (22) with the smaller inner diameter after being sleeved outside the expansion ring (12) with the larger outer profile diameter and the sufficient loose-proof friction force plus the continuous deformation resistance of the expansion sleeve (22).

3. The standardized lockbolt nut assembly for railway mass assembly according to claim 1, wherein the process of sleeving the expansion sleeve (22) outside the expansion ring (12) is completed by increasing the stroke of the tightening screw, so that the whole locknut installation process is realized by only one process of tightening the nut (2).

4. A standardized lockbolt nut assembly for use in railway mass assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein the cross-sectional shape of the expansion joint of the expansion sleeve (22) is circular and the cross-sectional shape of the expansion joint of the expansion ring (12) is polygonal or elliptical or other common form of expansion joint.

5. A standardized loose bolt and nut assembly for railway mass assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein the expansion sleeve (22) and the nut (21) are connected in a one-piece or insert type connection or in a reverse screw connection.

6. A standardized loose bolt and nut assembly for railway mass assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein the expansion ring (12) is also positioned at the head of the threaded end of the bolt body (1).

7. A standardized lockbolt-nut assembly for railway mass assembly according to claim 1 wherein the expansion sleeve (22) is configured to be disposed at the lowermost or uppermost end of the threaded hole of the workpiece for the structure in which the individual bolt is screwed on the workpiece.

8. A standardized loose bolt and nut assembly for railway mass assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein the expansion ring (12) is movably connected to the screw body (1) by fastening screws or pins.