CN213692124U - Fuel cell control system - Google Patents
Fuel cell control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN213692124U CN213692124U CN202023112942.9U CN202023112942U CN213692124U CN 213692124 U CN213692124 U CN 213692124U CN 202023112942 U CN202023112942 U CN 202023112942U CN 213692124 U CN213692124 U CN 213692124U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a fuel cell control system, which comprises a fuel cell stack, a plurality of voltage detecting units and a control unit. The fuel cell stack is provided with a plurality of fuel cell units, and a plurality of voltage detection units are electrically connected with the fuel cell stack and used for generating a plurality of voltage information. The control unit is used for calculating an average voltage related to each fuel cell unit according to a plurality of voltage information, calculating an average impedance of each fuel cell unit according to the average voltage, determining an allowable impedance range according to the average impedance, acquiring an actual impedance of each fuel cell unit through the plurality of voltage information, and starting an adjusting program by the control unit when the control unit judges that the actual impedance is not in the allowable impedance range so as to adjust a fuel supply characteristic of the fuel cell stack to change the actual impedance and enable the actual impedance to be in the allowable impedance range.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The present invention relates to a control technique for a fuel cell, and more particularly to a fuel cell control system for monitoring power generation of a fuel cell by using impedance change.
[ background of the invention ]
With the progress of industrial development, the convenience of human life is driven. However, due to the advancement of technology, environmental pollution is caused, and the environment changes due to warming. The main cause of global warming is that the emitted carbon dioxide causes a global warming effect. In view of this, reduction of greenhouse gases is a global concern.
There are many causes of carbon dioxide generation, one of which is the generation of greenhouse gases caused by the combustion of coal in thermal power generation. In order to solve the problem, all countries in the world push clean energy sources, and the traditional power generation mode using coal is hoped to be replaced. Clean energy sources are of many types, for example: wind power generation, solar power generation, hydroelectric power generation, fuel cell power generation, and the like. Compared with the traditional power generation type, the fuel cell directly converts the chemical energy of the fuel into the electric energy without combustion and mechanical procedures, and has the advantages of high energy efficiency and low (zero) exhaust emission.
However, in the prior art, the total voltage of the fuel cell stack is superimposed by the voltages of the multiple groups of fuel cells. Therefore, it is necessary to check the voltage value of each unit cell in the fuel cell stack using the voltage patrol unit. Since the flow rate of hydrogen and air between the fuel cells during the reaction varies with the operating current, and the required reaction amount varies depending on the situation (for example, the operating changes in the hydrogen pressure and the air pressure, the load changes of the fuel cell stack, or the accumulation of liquid water in the flow channel, etc.), the voltage of each fuel cell fluctuates sharply, and the voltage value of the single cell cannot be accurately checked.
Therefore, it is an important issue in the development of fuel cells to accurately confirm the voltage values of the cells to solve the problem of abnormality caused by the low voltage of the fuel cell stack and to effectively eliminate the abnormality in the fuel cell system.
[ Utility model ] content
The creation provides a fuel cell control system, in the fuel cell test platform, calculate the health management situation through monitoring the impedance value change of each monocell of fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system, can solve in the prior art because each fuel cell unit in each fuel cell stack is because the change under the pile-up problem of water and humidity control in different operating condition, the problem that the low abnormal condition of voltage and the unable effective monitoring fuel cell stack voltage of fuel cell stack that causes among the present creation for the fuel cell system effectively gets rid of unusually.
The present invention provides a fuel cell control system, which can convert the voltage of each single cell in the fuel cell stack into an impedance value, although the voltage is floated by the accumulation of liquid water and the change of air pressure during the operation of the fuel cell stack. The impedance value may represent the state of liquid water in the hydrogen or air flow channels of each fuel cell stack and the degree of humidification of the proton exchange membrane under normal system operation. In one embodiment, the actual impedance (G) of each fuel cell is compared to a reference value by calculating an average voltage value and then deriving an average impedance value for each fuel cell. When a single abnormal fuel cell unit has large impedance change, the fuel cell system can timely adjust the hydrogen pressure and the air pressure so as to maintain the reaction stability of each fuel cell stack and the quantity and the humidity of liquid water among each fuel cell unit when the fuel cell stack operates.
In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a fuel cell control system, which includes a fuel cell stack, a plurality of voltage detecting units and a control unit. A fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cell units. And a plurality of voltage detection units electrically connected with the fuel cell stack for generating a plurality of voltage information. The control unit is used for calculating an average voltage related to each fuel cell unit according to the multiple groups of voltage information, calculating an average impedance of each fuel cell unit according to the average voltage, determining an allowable impedance range according to the average impedance, acquiring an actual impedance of each fuel cell unit through the voltage information, and starting an adjusting program to adjust a fuel supply characteristic of the fuel cell stack to change the actual impedance when the control unit judges that the actual impedance is not in the allowable impedance range.
The specific techniques employed in the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and accompanying drawings.
[ description of the drawings ]
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the fuel cell control system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the fuel cell stack monitoring method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a fuel cell stack monitoring method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of the present invention for determining the second intake pressure.
Description of the main element symbols:
3 fuel cell monitoring system
30 fuel cell stack
300 fuel cell unit
300a anode
300b cathode
31 intake air adjusting unit
310 elastic element
311 screw rod
313 fluid passage port
314 valve
315 elastic element
32 current detection unit
33 first gas pressure detecting unit
34 flow detecting unit
35 control unit
36 air compressor
37 second gas pressure detecting unit
380 anode gas supply pipeline
381 cathode gas supply line
39 computer personal computer
90 first reaction gas
91 second reactive gas
4 control method
40-45 method steps
440-445 method step
[ detailed description ] embodiments
Various exemplary embodiments may be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some exemplary embodiments are shown. The present authoring concept may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the inventive concept to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout. The following embodiments are described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Please refer to fig. 1, which is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the fuel cell control system 3 includes a fuel cell stack 30, an intake air adjusting unit 31, a current detecting unit 32, a first gas pressure detecting unit 33, a flow rate detecting unit 34, a plurality of voltage detecting units 39, and a control unit 35. The fuel cell stack 30 in this embodiment is a hydrogen fuel cell. The cathode side C supplies a first reaction gas 90, such as: oxygen, or air, and the anode side a supplies a second reactant gas 91, such as: hydrogen gas. The fuel cell stack 30 is composed of a plurality of fuel cells 300, each fuel cell 300 further includes an anode 300a and a cathode 300b, and the structure of the fuel cell stack 30 is not described herein.
The inlet adjusting unit 31 is connected to the anode gas supply line 380 of the fuel cell stack 30, and in one embodiment, the inlet adjusting unit 31 is electrically connected to the control unit 35 for adjusting the amount of the second reactant gas 91 entering the fuel cell stack 30 according to the control signal of the control unit 35, so as to adjust the inlet pressure of the second reactant gas 91. In another embodiment, the inlet adjusting unit 31 may be a passive gas pressure control valve body, which is opened or closed according to the gas pressure difference between the first reactive gas 90 and the second reactive gas 91. That is, when the inlet pressure of the first reaction gas 90 is greater than the inlet pressure of the second reaction gas, the inlet adjustment unit 31 is opened, and when the inlet pressure of the second reaction gas 91 is greater than the inlet pressure of the first reaction gas 90 by a certain range, the inlet adjustment unit 31 is closed.
The current detecting unit 32 is electrically connected to the fuel cell stack 30 for detecting the output current of the fuel cell stack 30. In addition, the current detecting unit 32 is electrically connected to the control unit 35 to transmit the detected signal related to the output current to the control unit 35. Each voltage detecting unit 39 is electrically connected to one of the fuel cell units 300 for detecting the output voltage of the fuel cell unit 300. In addition, the current detecting unit 32 is electrically connected to the control unit 35 to transmit the detected signal related to the output voltage to the control unit 35.
The first gas pressure detecting unit 33 is connected to the cathode gas supply line 381 of the fuel cell stack 30 for detecting a first inlet gas pressure of the cathode gas supply line 381 with respect to the first reactant 90. In this embodiment, the first reactive gas 90 is air. The first gas pressure detecting unit 33 is further electrically connected to the control unit 35 to transmit the detected signal about the first intake pressure to the control unit 35.
The flow rate detecting unit 34 is used for detecting the flow rate of the first reaction gas required for supplying the cathode gas supply line 381. In one embodiment, the flow detection unit 34 directly detects the actual inlet flow of the first reactant gas 90 into the cathode gas supply line 38. In another embodiment, the flow rate detecting unit 34 detects the rotation speed of the air compressor 36 supplying the first reactant gas 90, such as the rotation speed of a motor, and determines the actual flow rate of the first reactant gas 90 entering the cathode gas supply line 381 according to the rotation speed. In another embodiment, the flow rate detecting unit 34 can also transmit the signal related to the rotation speed to the control unit 35, and the control unit 35 can calculate the actual reaction gas flow rate entering the cathode gas supply line 381.
Further, the fuel cell control system 3 further comprises a second gas pressure detecting unit 37 for detecting an actual inlet gas pressure of the second reactant gas 91 in the anode gas supply line 380 and transmitting a signal related to the actual inlet gas pressure to the control unit 35. The control unit 35 is electrically connected to the gas inlet adjusting unit 31, the current detecting unit 32, the first gas pressure detecting unit 33 and the flow rate detecting unit 34, and the control unit 35 adjusts and controls the pressure relationship between the first and second reactive gases 90 and 91 according to the information returned by each unit.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a fuel cell stack monitoring method according to the present invention. The monitoring method 4 first provides, at step 40, a fuel cell stack as shown in fig. 1 having a plurality of fuel cell units 300. Then, step 41 is performed to calculate an average voltage V for each fuel cell unit 300average cell. In this step, Vaverage cellThe calculation method is shown in the following formula (1):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the summation of the voltages of each fuel cell 300, the voltage of the corresponding fuel cell 300 can be measured by each voltage detection unit 39 as the sigma voltagecell。NcellIt represents the number of fuel cell units 300. In another embodiment, the voltage of each fuel cell 300 can be obtained by the voltage detection unit 39 and added to obtain the voltage
It is noted that during operation of the fuel cell stack 30, the accumulation of liquid water and the change in the respective gas pressures of the first and second reactant gases cause the voltage to float. The voltage of each fuel cell unit 300 in the fuel cell stack 30 may be converted into an impedance value. The impedance value represents the state of liquid water in the hydrogen or air flow channel and the degree of humidification of the proton exchange membrane in each fuel cell unit 300. However, since the reference value is required as the operation reference during the operation change of the fuel cell stack, it is necessary to calculate the average voltage value Vaverage cellAnd then the average impedance value is calculated as a reference.
Then, step 42 is performed, based on the average voltage Vaverage cellCalculating an average resistance R of each fuel cell 300average cellSo as to determine an allowable impedance range according to the average impedance. In this step, the fuel cell stack average impedance Raverage cellAs shown in the following formula (2):
Raverage cell＝Vaverage cell/Istacks…(2)
wherein, IstacksRepresenting the current of the fuel cell stack 30. The allowable impedance range is plus or minus 20% -25% of the average impedance.
Next, step 43 is performed to obtain the actual impedance of each fuel cell. In this step, the voltage detecting unit 39 detects the voltage value of the actual power generation of each fuel cell 300, and the current detecting unit 32 detects the output current of the fuel cell stack, so as to calculate the actual impedance of each fuel cell 300. Then, in step 44, when it is determined that the actual impedance is not within the allowable impedance range, an adjustment procedure is performed to adjust the fuel supply characteristic of the fuel cell stack 30 to change the actual impedance. In this step, since each operating current of the fuel cell stack 30 normally corresponds to a range of impedance values during normal operation, when the difference between the actual impedance of each fuel cell 300 during reaction and the average impedance of the fuel cells 300 is not within the allowable impedance range, the adjustment procedure is performed. The allowable impedance range is defined based on the average impedance value of the fuel cell 300, and the error of the actual impedance with respect to the average impedance is defined to be plus or minus 20% to 25% of the average impedance. It is noted that the foregoing range is determined by the person skilled in the art according to the actual requirement, and is not limited to the value.
When a numerical error is found, i.e. not within the range of 20% to 25% of the average impedance, the adjustment procedure adjusts the values of the total hydrogen pressure and the air pressure of the first reactive gas 90 and the second reactive gas 91. In an embodiment of the adjustment, as shown in fig. 3, step 440 is first performed to measure the output current generated by the reaction of the fuel cell stack 30 by the current detecting unit 32 and transmit the information to the control unit 35. Then, in step 441, the control unit 35 determines a standard intake air flow rate required by the cathode air supply line 381 of the fuel cell stack 30 according to the output current. The relationship between the current and the standard intake air flow rate C1 is shown by the following equation (1):
C1＝a+bIn+cI(n+1)+...,a,b,c,...＝Constant...(1)
in equation (1), C1 represents the standard inlet flow rate of the first reactant gas, I represents the output current, and n represents the power. The number of terms of equation (1) and a, b, c, and n are user-determined. The method for determining the standard intake air flow rate C1 based on the electric current is described below. First, in step 4410, the relationship between the mass of oxygen consumed in air and the current can be deduced from the electrochemical reaction of the membrane electrode assembly in the fuel cell stack, which is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein. Next, in step 4411, since C1 in the formula of equation (1) is the reaction mass required by air for performing the electrochemical reaction, it is plotted against the current. The variation of the curve can be adjusted according to the type and number of the fuel cell stacks, so that when the required conditions of the fuel cell stacks are determined, the corresponding constants in the curve equation are calculated, for example: constant values for a, b, c are also determined. Therefore, the state of the equation of equation (1) can be determined by the relationship obtained in step 4410 and the equation constants obtained in step 4411 corresponding to different fuel cell stacks.
After step 441, step 442 is performed to measure the reaction gas inflow rate of the first reaction gas 90 required by the cathode gas supply line 380 by the flow rate detection unit 34. In one embodiment of step 442, the rotation speed of the air compressor 36 supplying the first reactive gas 90 can be detected by the flow rate detecting unit 34, and then the reactive gas flow rate C2 of the first reactive gas 90 can be determined according to the rotation speed. The determination of the reactant gas flow rate C2 can be calculated by the following equation (2):
C2＝d+eDn+fD(n+1)+...,d,e,f,...＝Constant...(2)
in equation (2), C2 represents the actual reactant gas flow rate of the first reactant gas entering the cathode inlet line 380, D represents the speed of the air compressor, and n represents the power. The number of terms of equation (2) and a, b, c, and n are user-determined. The following description determines the manner in which a relationship between a mass air flow and a motor speed is established in advance based on the operation of the air compressor package. Therefore, when the air compressor is operated, an output mass flow rate value is corresponded to a rotation speed value, and thus the above equation (2) is formed in the relation, and the relation is measured. The constant values d, e, f of equation (2) are also determined in equation (2) at the same time according to the air compressor selected by the user.
After the control unit 35 obtains the standard gas flow rate C1 obtained in step 441 and the reaction gas flow rate C2 obtained in step 442, step 443 is performed to compare the difference between the standard intake air flow rate C1 and the reaction intake air flow rate C2, and when the difference between the standard intake air flow rate C1 and the reaction intake air flow rate C2 is within a first standard range, the first standard range in this embodiment is [ (C2-C1)/C1 ] x 100% ≦ Cd, where Cd is 5-20%, and the first gas Pressure (PA) of the cathode gas supply line 381 is measured by the first gas pressure detecting unit 33. The main objective of step 443 is that, since the rotational speed operation of the air compressor needs to meet the air throughput required by the electrochemical reaction, the air mass flow rate required by the fuel cell stack 30 under load and the air mass flow rate generated by the air compressor should be within a range so that the voltage and electric power output of the fuel cell stack 30 can be stabilized, and when both of equations (1) and (2) are under the load operation of the fuel cell stack, equation (1) is used as a reference, and equation (2) is compared with the fluid rate, considering the operation error and the error value generated between the fluid pipelines, and both equations should be within 5-20% of the operation error range. It should be noted that the error range may be determined according to the requirement, and is not limited to 5-20%.
The control unit then proceeds to step 444 to determine a second inlet Pressure (PH) of the anode gas supply line 380 of the fuel cell stack based on the first inlet Pressure (PA). In this step 44, the relationship between the first intake air Pressure (PA) and the second intake air Pressure (PH) is as shown in equation (3):
[(PH-PA)/PA]x100％≦D,D＝5～20％...(3)
after determining the second intake Pressure (PH) according to equation (3), step 445 is performed, and the control unit 35 determines whether the pressure difference between the actual gas pressure PM2 of the anode gas supply line 380 and the second intake Pressure (PH) falls within the second standard range according to the detection result of the second gas pressure detection unit 37. In this embodiment, the second standard range is 5-20% of the second intake air Pressure (PH). If not, the control unit 35 controls or controls the intake air adjusting unit 31 with reference to the first intake air pressure to adjust the flow rate of the second reaction gas 91 required to enter the anode gas supply line 380 such that the pressure difference between the actual intake air pressure PM2 of the anode gas supply line 380 and the second intake air Pressure (PH) is within the second standard range. It should be noted that the intake air adjusting unit 31 is not limited to the embodiment of fig. 1, and in another control mode, as shown in fig. 4, the intake air adjusting unit 31 is a biased pneumatic valve body, which is a passive air pressure adjusting valve. That is, the biased pneumatic valve is driven to operate by the combination of the first inlet pressure generated by the first reactive gas 91 and the elastic elements 310 and 315, so as to form a pressure difference with the second inlet pressure of the second reactive gas 91. Such a valve body is externally applied with force, for example: the screw 311 of fig. 3 is biased by a combination of the spring 310 and the first inlet pressure of the first reactant gas 91, and the valve 314 is controlled to open the fluid passage port 313, so that the second reactant gas 91 can enter the fuel cell stack 30 through the valve body, and thus the second inlet pressure can be controlled according to the first inlet pressure without being controlled by the control unit 35.
It should be noted that if the pressure on the hydrogen side is greater than the pressure on the air side during the operation of the fuel cell stack, the back diffusion of excessive liquid water from the air side to the outside of the hydrogen side can be avoided, and the hydration phenomenon in the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell stack can be synchronously utilized to smoothly bring the water on the hydrogen side to the air side during the hydrogen ion transfer process, so that the two diffusion mechanisms in different directions can reach a dynamic balance. Therefore, by the process of steps 440-445, the second reaction gas 91, for example: the Pressure (PH) of the hydrogen gas is determined by the first reactive gas 90, for example: the air Pressure (PA), which is used as a reference pressure, indirectly adjusts a second intake pressure parameter value of the second reactant gas, which may be adjusted by the intake air adjusting unit 31 to form a pressure difference. The set range of the pressure difference is the second air inlet Pressure (PH), namely, the hydrogen pressure is larger than the first air inlet Pressure (PA), namely, the air pressure, and the control range of the pressure difference is 5-20% of the first air inlet pressure through control, so as to effectively adjust the water amount of the liquid water generated inside, avoid physical damage caused by the fuel cell stack, and simultaneously avoid the problem of losing stable water balance, thereby further enabling the voltage of each fuel cell unit of the fuel cell to return to a normal value.
Finally, returning to fig. 2, step 45 is performed to determine whether the changed actual impedance falls within the allowable impedance range after adjusting the fuel supply characteristic, and if not, steps 41-44 are repeated for a plurality of times, for example: and two, three, or more times, and if the actual impedance does not fall within the allowable impedance range after the plurality of times, it is judged that there is an abnormality corresponding to the fuel cell unit that is not within the allowable impedance range.
Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, it should be understood that various changes in the form, construction, features, methods and quantities described in the claims may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and therefore the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (5)
1. A fuel cell control system, characterized by comprising:
a fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cell units;
the voltage detection units are electrically connected with the fuel cell stack and used for generating a plurality of voltage information; and
a control unit, for calculating an average voltage of each fuel cell unit according to the voltage information, and calculating an average impedance of each fuel cell unit according to the average voltage, so as to determine an allowable impedance range according to the average impedance, the control unit further obtains an actual impedance of each fuel cell unit according to the voltage information, when the control unit determines that the actual impedance is not within the allowable impedance range, the control unit starts an adjustment procedure to adjust a fuel supply characteristic of the fuel cell stack to change the actual impedance, so that the actual impedance is within the allowable impedance range.
2. The fuel cell control system according to claim 1, further comprising:
the air inlet regulating unit is connected with an anode air supply pipeline of the fuel cell stack;
a current detecting unit for detecting an output current of the fuel cell stack;
the first gas pressure detection unit is connected with a cathode gas supply pipeline of the fuel cell stack and used for detecting a first gas inlet pressure of the cathode gas supply pipeline; and
a flow rate detecting unit for detecting a rotation speed of an air compressor supplying a first reactant gas required by the cathode gas supply line;
wherein the fuel supply characteristic includes the first intake pressure and a second intake pressure of the anode gas supply line, when the adjustment procedure is performed, the control unit is electrically connected to the intake adjusting unit, the current detecting unit, the first gas pressure detecting unit and the flow detecting unit, the control unit determines a standard intake flow rate required by the cathode gas supply line according to the output current, determines a reaction intake flow rate required by the cathode gas supply line according to the rotation speed, and determines a difference between the standard intake flow rate and the reaction intake flow rate, and when the difference is within a first standard range, the control unit determines a second intake pressure of an anode gas supply line of the fuel cell stack according to the first intake pressure, the gas inlet adjusting unit supplies a second reaction gas according to the second gas inlet pressure.
3. The fuel cell control system according to claim 2, wherein when the control unit determines that the difference is not within the first standard range, the control unit controls the rotation speed of the air compressor such that the difference between the standard intake air flow rate and the reaction intake air flow rate is within the first standard range.
4. The fuel cell control system according to claim 2, wherein the second intake air pressure is greater than the first intake air pressure, and a difference between the second intake air pressure and the first intake air pressure is controlled within a range of 5 to 20% of the first intake air pressure.
5. The fuel cell control system of claim 2, further comprising a second gas pressure detection unit for detecting an actual inlet gas pressure of the anode gas supply line and determining whether a difference between the actual inlet gas pressure and the second inlet gas pressure is within a second standard range.
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| CN202023112942.9U CN213692124U (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Fuel cell control system |
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