CN213684973U - Magnetic suspension thrust bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

The magnetic suspension thrust bearing is a bearing device developed by the centering effect of a magnet, and consists of a rotor body (2) and a stator body (3), wherein the stator body is equivalent to a motor stator without a winding, the magnetic poles of the rotor body are alternately arranged, the device is similar to a motor rotor, and the axial displacement between the rotor body and the stator body is utilized by the device to transfer the axial force on a rotating shaft to the stator body in a non-contact way to form a broad-spectrum novel-structure non-contact bearing.

Description

Magnetic suspension thrust bearing

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of mechanical power, specifically speaking relates to bearing device and mounting method among the general driving system.

Background

In various aircraft driving propellers in the fields of aircrafts and seagoing vessels, the rotating shaft of the aircraft can be subjected to the reverse thrust of fluid by the rotating energy generated by a power device in the process of pushing the fluid backwards, but the original thrust is generated on a propulsion shaft, and the thrust can be transmitted to the aircraft body through a thrust bearing to form the true propulsion of the aircraft. During the transmission of the propulsion force, friction is generated in the thrust bearing due to the rotation of the rotor shaft. Such friction can have various adverse effects, for example, friction can cause energy loss and reduce mechanical transmission efficiency; the heat energy generated by friction will deteriorate the working conditions of the bearing, increasing the additional cost and difficulty of heat dissipation; the friction can cause mechanical abrasion, and the service life of the bearing is reduced; the friction can cause mechanical failure, increasing the maintenance cost; the defects of vibration and noise generated by friction, influence on the environment, reduction in the concealment of the aircraft, and the like are difficult to overcome fundamentally.

The thrust on the rotating shaft of the aircraft can be directly transferred to the aircraft body in an elastic mode without passing through a thrust bearing, so that the friction and abrasion in the bearing are greatly eliminated or even completely eliminated, the significance is great, but the difficulty is self-evident.

Disclosure of Invention

When studying the field structure of electric machines, in particular permanent-magnet machines, a particular magnetic force is found, which is generated by the "centering effect" of the machine field.

The "centering effect" is a phenomenon that sliding bearings are arranged at two ends of a section of rotating shaft, a rotor body is arranged on the section of shaft, a stator body is arranged at a corresponding position on the periphery of the rotor body, the stator body is fixed on a machine body, no mechanical contact is generated between the stator body and the rotor body, and magnets and magnetizers are respectively arranged on the stator body and the rotor body. The stable magnetic attraction force is generated between the magnet and the magnetizer no matter whether the rotating speed is positive rotation or negative rotation, and the magnetic attraction force can utilize a medium for transmitting the force between the stator body and the rotor body. If the rotating shaft is subjected to a certain axial external force in any axial direction, the axial external force can cause the rotating shaft to generate axial displacement in the same direction as the external force, but the moved rotating shaft generates a magnetic restoring force aiming at the axial external force, and the magnetic restoring force has the same magnitude and the opposite direction to the axial external force. That is, the rotating shaft, which can move freely in the axial direction, can automatically return to the equilibrium position of the original center, and the direction and magnitude of the external force are found to be in positive correlation with the displacement, which is called the centering effect of the rotating shaft, and the centering effect is the physical basis for the force transmission between the stator body and the rotor body.

The effect is firstly found in the permanent magnet motor, and the purpose of the utility model is to construct a new bearing structure method and a device which are irrelevant to the motor by utilizing the physical basis of the magnetic field centering effect so as to replace the traditional thrust bearing and overcome the existing defects of the traditional thrust bearing.

The utility model discloses a constitute magnetic suspension bearing device and method, the purpose utilizes and sets up in one section pivot, be similar to permanent-magnet machine's the stator body and the magnetic field structure of rotor block, utilize stator body and rotor block within a definite time produced, make the pivot automatic recovery to its original central balanced position's effect of tending, can transmit the stator body from the pivot contactless with changeing epaxial atress, thereby replace the power transmission function by the substitute bearing, eliminate frictional force and wearing and tearing in original traditional bearing, improve the mechanical transmission efficiency of shafting simultaneously.

The utility model discloses a magnetic suspension bearing device, characterized in that, the device is composed of a rotor body (2) and a stator body (3), the rotor body (2) is arranged on a rotating shaft (1), the stator body is fixed on the machine body, the stator body surrounds the rotor body in a non-contact way; the corresponding surfaces of the rotor body and the stator body are respectively provided with a magnet and a magnetizer, and the polarities of the magnets are alternately arranged, namely, the adjacent magnet of one polarity magnet is the other polarity; the device transfers the axial force on the rotating shaft to the stator body in a non-contact way by utilizing the axial displacement between the rotor body and the stator body; the two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively provided with a sliding bearing for bearing the radial force formed by the gravity of the rotating shaft.

The utility model discloses a method of constitution contactless magnetic suspension bearing, utilize set up in one section pivot, the magnetic circuit structure of the stator body and the rotor block similar to permanent-magnet machine, utilize stator body and rotor block within a definite time produced, make the pivot automatic recovery to its original central balance position's effect of tending to, for transmit the stator body with the epaxial axial force contactless, thereby replace thrust bearing's power transmission function, the inevitable frictional force and the wearing and tearing that eliminate thrust bearing and bring, improve the mechanical transmission efficiency of shafting simultaneously.

At present, in almost all aircrafts, the thrust generated by the action of the propellers on fluid needs to be transmitted to the aircraft by a thrust bearing, so that the friction force and the abrasion in the thrust bearing are inevitable. Through the utility model discloses a method and device both replace and cancelled thrust bearing, thrust bearing produces the root of frictional force so also disappear together, and many defects relevant with it all will be eliminated one by one, and this will bring many-sided technological economic interests.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of a conventional active magnetic suspension air compressor

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a conventional passive magnetic suspension vertical axis wind turbine

FIG. 3 is a basic structure diagram of a magnetic suspension bearing of the present invention

The meanings marked in the drawings are as follows:

1: a rotating shaft is arranged on the rotating shaft,

2: the rotor body is provided with a rotor body,

3: a stator body.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the magnetic suspension shaft of the present invention according to the principle of the thrust F

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a passive magnetic suspension bearing of the present invention

The meanings marked in the drawings are as follows:

31: the axial sliding system of the stator body is provided with a stator,

311: a stator body shifter for a stator of a motor vehicle,

312: and a stator seat.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a full magnetic suspension bearing of the present invention

The meanings marked in the drawings are as follows:

10: and a common bearing adjacent to the magnetic suspension bearing.

FIG. 7 shows a structure diagram of a magnetic suspension bearing with different magnetic field magnet arrangements

FIG. 8 shows a radial magnetic field magnetic suspension bearing with stator tooth slots

The meanings marked in the drawings are as follows:

21: tooth groove on magnetic suspension bearing stator body

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of magnetic lines of force in a magnetic circuit of a magnetic suspension bearing with a radial magnetic field structure

FIG. 10 is a diagram of a magnetic suspension bearing system with vibration-damping and noise-reducing dampers of the present invention

The meanings marked in the drawings are as follows:

32: damping metal ring on rotor

Detailed Description

The magnetic suspension bearing who calls among the mechanical system mentions before the utility model discloses also occasionally, but those magnetic suspension bearings often combine together with specific functional device, are that the electromechanical device for these specific functions reduces the friction loss and establishes, for example magnetic suspension motor, magnetic suspension air compressor machine, magnetic suspension oil pump, magnetic suspension air condition compressor machine etc.. However, the utility model provides a magnetic suspension bearing, except that equally having the effect of falling the friction, still as the instrument of shafting power transmission, as an independent device who replaces thrust bearing in the big driving system shafting, be suitable for more wider fields and use.

For better understanding the utility model discloses a magnetic suspension bearing introduces typical traditional magnetic suspension air compressor machine initiative magnetic suspension structure earlier with the difference of magnetic suspension facility in the past, as follows.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional active magnetic suspension air compressor. Except for the radial external force, the magnetic suspension motor needs to be provided with a radial magnetic suspension bearing controlled by a magnetic suspension controller at both ends of a motor shaft. The rotating shaft is also acted by axial external force, so that a group of axial magnetic suspension bearings are arranged on the rotating shaft at the upper part of the motor armature, an upper group and a lower group of electromagnets are contained in the axial magnetic bearing bearings, the current in the axial electromagnets is controlled by a magnetic suspension bearing controller, and a sensor is also required to detect the axial position so as to keep the spatial positioning of the magnetic bearing. Therefore, the rotating shaft of the motor is controlled to be at a preset relative spatial position through proper magnetic force, the rotor is suspended in the air and is not contacted with the stator any more, other mechanical bearings are not needed, and no friction force exists. Obviously, the active magnetic suspension must be configured with an external power supply to provide a sufficiently large control current, and the magnetic suspension bearing controller and numerous sensors and electromagnets are added, so that the unit cost is far higher than the cost of the original motor. Therefore, the cost of the magnetic suspension air compressor is greatly improved, the cost performance is reduced, and the market is difficult to accept, so the magnetic suspension technology is difficult to enter the field of traditional electromechanical products.

More advanced active magnetic suspension regards an armature winding of an alternating current motor as an electromagnet, and when alternating current driving current is input into the winding, variable magnetic suspension control current is injected to enable a rotating shaft to be suspended in the air and rotate in a non-contact mode, so that an additional electromagnet is omitted, but a sensor and a special more advanced excitation controller cannot or cannot be used.

Another large class of structures corresponding to active magnetic levitation structures is passive magnetic levitation.

Taking the passive magnetic suspension vertical axis wind turbine shown in fig. 2 as an example, the passive magnetic suspension is generated by the same-polarity repulsion between magnets, and the required magnetic suspension force can be generated by only a pair of magnets with the same polarity repelling each other without a stack of complex control electromagnets to overcome the gravity of the rotor. Because only the repulsive force of the same poles repelling each other can generate stable magnetic levitation force. Theoretically, when the rotor has three pairs of magnets in a three-dimensional space, full magnetic levitation force can be generated to remove a bearing, but the full magnetic levitation force cannot be generated in practice, so that only one to two-dimensional magnetic levitation force can be provided, and the other dimensions still retain mechanical constraints, so that only the friction force on certain limited dimensions can be reduced, and the illustrated generator is of a semi-magnetic levitation structure.

The structure of fig. 2 can only overcome the influence of the downward unidirectional gravity, and if the influence of the bidirectional axial force is overcome, a pair of magnets must be added at the position of the upper shaft of the motor, or at least a magnet is added at the lower part.

According to the analysis, due to the reasons of cost performance and the like, the existing active magnetic suspension technology and passive magnetic suspension technology are difficult to enter the bearing field of the general mechanical technology, and particularly if the magnetic suspension bearing is used for replacing a thrust bearing to remove friction in a high-power system of an aircraft, the magnetic suspension bearing has to be returned to the bearing with the basic mechanical structure again to find a new technical breakthrough.

Fig. 3 is a basic structure diagram of the magnetic suspension bearing of the present invention.

The two ends of a section of free rotating shaft are respectively provided with a sliding bearing support, the rotating shaft is provided with a section of structure called a rotor body, a plurality of tile-shaped magnets parallel to the central line of the shaft are installed on the structure, a stator body of an iron ring is placed on the periphery of the rotor body in a non-contact mode, the structure is similar to a permanent magnet motor without windings and needing no power supply, and the simple structure inoculates the device.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the magnetic suspension shaft according to the present invention under the action of thrust F.

The structural characteristic in fig. 4 is that two ends of the rotating shaft (1) are respectively provided with a sliding bearing; a rotor body (2) is arranged on the rotating shaft, and the outer wall of the rotor body surrounds a stator body (3); the corresponding surfaces of the rotor body and the stator body are respectively provided with a magnet and a magnetizer, and the polarities of the magnets are alternately arranged, namely two adjacent magnets of one polarity magnet are the other polarity; if the magnets are mounted on the outer wall of the rotor body, the magnetizer is mounted on the inner wall of the stator body, and vice versa. The stator is usually composed of a steel magnetizer and has certain magnetic conductivity, but the more normal magnetizer is usually a circular ring laminated by electrical steel punching sheets and is embedded in the stator body, and no mechanical contact exists between the stator body and the rotor body magnetizer.

When an axial thrust force F appears on the rotating shaft of the structure shown in fig. 4, as shown by left and right arrows in the figure, because two ends of the shaft can freely slide, the shaft must be deviated to the right for a certain distance, so that the rotor body deviates from the original central position, the displacement between the stator body and the rotor body generates a restoring magnetic force, the 'centering effect' in the structure plays a role, and the stator body generates an axial force with opposite direction and equal magnitude on the rotor body, so that the force balance of the rotating shaft is achieved. According to the law of the reaction forces, the stator body is then subjected to a force F applied to it to the right by the rotor body, i.e. the force F on the shaft is transferred to the stator body without contact. This is the physical principle of the magnetic suspension bearing of the utility model.

The magnetic suspension bearing based on the principle can replace a thrust bearing to achieve a non-contact force transmission function, so that inevitable friction and abrasion caused by the traditional thrust bearing can be eliminated, and the mechanical transmission efficiency of a shafting is improved.

The above-described apparatus and method are referred to as active magnetic levitation in the present invention.

To clarify the function of the magnetic bearing, reference is made here to the thrust bearing to be replaced.

The thrust bearing is an important component in a shaft system between a power device of the aircraft and a propeller, and is used for transmitting the propulsive force generated in the rotating process of the propeller to the aircraft body.

The thrust bearing includes two types, a rolling type thrust bearing and a sliding type thrust bearing.

Rolling thrust bearings have the advantages of low friction losses, light weight, small size, etc., but are difficult to install. In order to install the rolling bearing, one end of the shaft must be a detachable coupling, so that the whole section of the flange is heavy and high in cost. For the rolling bearing with low rotating speed and large thrust load, the manufacturing process is difficult to ensure the precision due to the large size, and for the split rolling bearing, the manufacturing difficulty is larger.

The sliding thrust bearing has the advantages of large bearing capacity, simple structure, convenient manufacture, installation and maintenance, reliable work and the like, the lubrication is hydrodynamic lubrication, and an oil film is formed between friction surfaces and has vibration absorption property and the like. Rolling thrust bearings are generally adopted for small ships, and sliding thrust bearings are adopted for large and medium ships.

As an important link in the transmission system, a thrust bearing is indispensable. Just as the forces on the shaft are transmitted to the aircraft body through the thrust bearings, friction in the bearings is inevitable during rotation of the shaft.

Many problems arise in this regard due to the presence of friction. For example:

1. the friction force enables the thrust bearing to generate energy loss in the process of bearing the thrust and transferring the thrust from the rotating shaft to the aircraft, so that the energy consumption is increased, and the energy transmission efficiency of the system is reduced;

2. the friction force causes the thrust bearing to generate heat, so the heat dissipation function and equipment of the thrust bearing must be added, the damage of the bearing caused by overheating is avoided, and the failure rate and the maintenance cost of the thrust bearing are increased;

3. the friction force causes the thrust bearing to be abraded, and the service life of the bearing is directly shortened;

4. the unbalanced thrust forces cause the thrust bearings to vibrate and generate noise, which, while causing environmental pollution, reduces the invisibility of the aircraft, which is even more detrimental to military aircraft.

A new problem then arises in that a right displacement of the shaft, while transmitting propulsion to the hull, also transmits a displacement of the shaft to the vessel or aircraft, which may not be allowed in certain situations. In order to prevent the adverse condition, the magnetic suspension bearing structure must be further innovated and expanded, which results in a new structure and method of the passive magnetic suspension bearing.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the passive magnetic suspension bearing of the present invention.

The basic principle of the passive magnetic suspension bearing is to change the mode that the rotor body moves and the stator body does not move in the active magnetic suspension bearing into the mode that the stator body moves and the rotor body does not move.

In fig. 5, an axial moving structure called a stator body axial sliding system (31) is added between the magnetic suspension bearing stator body and the final falling body (ship body or machine body) of the transmitted force.

As can be seen from fig. 3, if the rotating shaft is subjected to an external axial force, an axial displacement is generated, which is substantially a motive force for generating the magnetic levitation force, and if the axial displacement is not generated, the magnetic levitation force is not existed.

It can be appreciated from fig. 3 that if the rotor shaft position is kept constant under the action of an external force, and the stator body is displaced in the direction opposite to the external force, a balanced axial force can be generated to balance the action of the external force.

In fig. 5, the idea is implemented that the movement of the rotor body is converted into the movement of the stator body by the magnetic bearing on the shaft.

The following is a specific implementation method and system architecture designed according to this idea.

In the field of traditional magnetic suspension technology, magnetic attraction force generated by an electromagnet is adopted, a magnetic suspension structure for controlling the magnetic force to keep the space position of a shaft through a control system is called as active magnetic suspension, and a magnetic suspension structure which does not need a controller and utilizes the repulsion of like poles of the magnet is called as passive magnetic suspension.

And in the utility model discloses in, the magnetic levitation power that allows the pivot to produce after axial free movement, the structure of automatic balance external force is called initiative magnetic levitation, and initiative magnetic levitation need not control, is spontaneous, the initiative produces. And according to the direction and the size of the external force, the controller enables the stator body to displace to generate magnetic levitation force, the structure for passively balancing the external force is called as a passive magnetic levitation structure, and the passive magnetic levitation structure is realized by means of an axial sliding system (31) of the stator body.

The following is a description of the specific construction principle of the axial sliding system of the stator body of the present invention.

As is well known, since the rotating shaft is a rigid body, when an axial force is applied to the shaft, stress is generated in the shaft body, and the magnitude and direction of the axial stress in the rotating shaft are measured, so that the condition of the axial force in the shaft can be known. Firstly, a stress sensor is arranged on a rotating shaft, a shaft internal stress signal measured by the stress sensor is input into an axial force controller, the magnitude and the direction of the axial force are judged by the processing of the axial force controller, and then a movable stator body displacer (311) is driven to move towards a certain axial direction so as to generate a proper magnetic suspension force for balancing the axial force. In a sense, the main body of the passive magnetic suspension bearing is actually a system with axial sliding of the stator body.

A magnetic suspension bearing device of a magnetic suspension bearing system is characterized in that the device structure is a passive type and mainly comprises a stator body axial sliding system (31), a stator body displacer (311) is arranged in the stator body axial sliding system and can axially move on a stator seat (312), and the stator body comprises a magnetic conduction stator magnetic circuit; the surface of the rotor body is provided with a magnet, and the rotating shaft (1) is also provided with a stress sensor; the rotating shaft can not move after being stressed, and the stator body moves instead.

A method for realizing passive magnetic suspension bearing by using stator body axial telescopic device, a rotating shaft (1) is fixedly arranged, can not move freely after being stressed, and on the contrary, the movement of the stator body replaces the movement of the rotor body to generate corresponding magnetic suspension force; the control process of the method is that a shaft stress sensor measures the shaft strain to sense the magnitude and direction of the shaft stress, a shaft stress signal is input into an axial force controller, and the output of the axial force controller drives a stator body displacer; the stator body generates axial displacement, the magnetic suspension force generated by the displacement automatically balances the axial force, and the output signal of the sensor is zero; the system operates in a negative feedback mode.

The sensor must be installed at a proper position of the rotating shaft, and if the force source of the rotating shaft is on the left side of the magnetic bearing, the sensor should be disposed on the right side of the magnetic bearing.

What above-mentioned introduce the utility model discloses a two kinds of magnetic suspension bearings of active type and passive type all can be used for replacing the thrust bearing in the shafting, and the frictional force in the former thrust bearing just no longer exists. However, the gravity of the rotating shaft itself, i.e. as a radial force, still exists in the other bearings adjacent to the magnetic bearing, and still generates friction. Can pass through the utility model discloses this frictional force of adjacent pivot is got rid of or is alleviateed to current magnetic suspension bearing, also the utility model discloses the technical problem that will solve.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the full magnetic suspension bearing of the present invention.

The utility model discloses a principle that full magnetic suspension bearing produced radial magnetic suspension power is, if make magnetic suspension bearing's stator body seat the structure that can trace downstream, so when stator body seat one section distance of moving downwards, when skew its axis, make stator body upper end and rotor block's distance be less than stator body lower extreme and rotor block's distance, so, the magnetic force that receives is uneven about the pivot, big-end-up, the pivot will receive an additional ascending magnetic suspension power M, this power can be with part or whole pivot gravity transfer to the utility model discloses a on the stator body to become a full magnetic suspension bearing. The pressure of the gravity of the rotating shaft on two common bearings (10) adjacent to the magnetic suspension bearing is favorably reduced, so that the friction force and the friction loss in the common bearings are reduced. If the magnetic levitation force M is sufficiently large, it is considered to omit the ordinary bearings (10) at both ends of the rotating shaft.

The full magnetic suspension bearing is characterized in that the device structure is a full magnetic suspension type, the stator body seat is made into a structure capable of slightly moving downwards, the stator body seat is made to move downwards for a certain distance, and the distance between the upper end of the stator body and the rotor body is smaller than the distance between the lower end of the stator body and the rotor body, so that the rotating shaft generates axial magnetic suspension force and obtains an additional upward radial magnetic suspension force M at the same time to overcome the influence of the gravity of the rotating shaft.

For conveniently making the utility model discloses a make magnetic suspension bearing's stator also can design into other shapes such as ellipse, egg shape, the shape of falling U (horseshoe), and the rotor body of magnetic suspension bearing pivot is close the upper end of stator body during the design installation, even adjustable structure about the base of stator body does not do, also can generate a fixed upwards magnetic suspension power, alleviates the gravity burden among the adjacent fixing bearing.

The magnetic bearings designed according to fig. 3 to 6 operate simultaneously, which not only can shorten the axial displacement distance or the stator moving distance on the premise of obtaining the required axial propulsion force, but also can reduce the friction force in more fixed bearings.

The utility model discloses an among the magnetic suspension bearing, the permanent magnet can be installed on the stator body, also can install on the rotor body, nevertheless because the rotor has centrifugal force at the rotation in-process, so than install the corresponding bigger stationary force that needs on the stator body. However, in general, it is analyzed that the magnetic force is large because the distance between the magnet and the attachment surface is always much shorter than the distance between the magnet and the magnetic conductor through the space, and the adhesion force is secured.

In the various permanent magnet type magnetic suspension bearing schemes introduced above, the magnetic suspension bearing needs a large amount of magnetic materials, and permanent magnets are adopted, wherein the cost of the neodymium iron boron super magnet is higher. Therefore, in a proper occasion, the electromagnet can be used for replacing a permanent magnet material, and the excitation type magnetic suspension bearing is provided by the utility model.

One principle of the design of the magnetic suspension bearing in the form of an exciter is to arrange the electromagnet as far as possible on the stationary side of the stator body or the rotor body, and then the preferred solution is to arrange the electromagnet on the end of the stator body.

If the structural scheme of the axial sliding system of the stator body is adopted, the electromagnet is arranged at the end of the stator body or the end of the rotor body, and a technical proper and economic scheme needs to be selected according to actual conditions, because excitation current needs to be transmitted to the stator body adopting parallel movement or a slip ring electric brush needs to be adopted to transmit current to the rotating rotor body, and the selection of the scheme needs to be determined according to the actual conditions.

Besides the excellent economical efficiency, the excitation type magnetic suspension bearing has other advantages which are not neglected, for example, the magnetic suspension force can be controlled by controlling the excitation current, or the reverse thinking is equivalent to controlling the axial movement, which adds a control path, and in addition, the maintenance and the replacement of the excitation type magnetic suspension bearing are more convenient and simpler than those of the permanent magnet type magnetic suspension bearing.

The utility model discloses magnetic suspension bearing device structure can change from permanent magnet type to excitation type, and is characterized in that, one of the stator body or rotor body is provided with excitation winding, and the other is provided with magnetizer, the two forms the basic structure of the magnetic suspension device; the excitation current is delivered to the rotor body or the stator body by slip ring brushes or flexible wiring.

Fig. 7 shows a magnetic suspension bearing with different magnetic field arrangements according to the present invention. The permanent magnets may be arranged in the axial direction or in the radial direction.

The utility model discloses an among the magnetic suspension bearing, magnetic field arranges and to have different forms, and two kinds of magnetic field arrangement forms of main difference divide into axial arrangement and radial arrangement.

The axial arrangement is that the magnetic strips are parallel to the axis and extend in the axial direction, and the arrangement structure is similar to the traditional motor magnetic field arrangement, and magnetic lines of force flow in the circumferential direction of the stator yoke after entering the stator along the radial direction, and the magnetic lines of force flow in the circumferential direction of the stator yoke, as shown in fig. 7 a). Another arrangement is radial arrangement, i.e. the same magnetic strip is perpendicular to the axis, the same magnet is arranged in the circumferential direction, and the magnetic lines of force flow in the direction parallel to the axis of the rotating shaft of the stator yoke after entering the stator in the radial direction, and this arrangement structure is perpendicular to the magnetic field of the conventional motor, see fig. 7 b).

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a radial magnetic field magnetic suspension bearing with stator tooth grooves.

In fig. 7a) and previous figures, the inner surface of the stator body is a smooth cylindrical body. And the motor stator yoke is provided with a plurality of raised tooth grooves (21) for embedding the windings in the grooves. As is well known, motor cogging necessarily creates cogging that impedes the rotation of the rotor. Therefore, the stator body of the present invention is a smooth cylinder without using tooth grooves.

But what is the operational effect of adding annular slots perpendicular to the axis of the shaft to the inner wall of the stator body in the radially arranged magnetic field configuration of fig. 7 b)?

Through analysis, the annular tooth grooves in the figure 7b) can not only prevent the rotation of the rotating shaft, but also utilize the tooth groove effect of the tooth grooves to increase the magnetic levitation force. The principle is similar to that of increasing the starting torque of a permanent magnet motor by cogging, and in a motor, a very large force is required to rotate a rotating shaft because magnetic poles and teeth attract each other. However, in the radially-arranged magnetic field structure of the present invention, the new cogging force generates a large resistance to the axial movement, but the thus-arranged cogging does not hinder the rotation of the rotating shaft. On the contrary, from another perspective, the radially arranged magnetic suspension bearing structure with the tooth grooves means that a small axial displacement of the rotating shaft can transmit a large axial force, or a large magnetic suspension force can be obtained without a large axial displacement. This will certainly bring a lot of convenience to the design and application of the magnetic suspension bearing of the utility model.

The utility model discloses a magnetic suspension bearing of belt wheel annular tooth's socket, characterized in that, magnet adopt along the form of radially arranging, and have annular tooth's socket on the magnetizer, and tooth's socket perpendicular to pivot forms the tooth's socket structure similar to the motor, and this tooth's socket structure counter shaft rotation does not have the influence, but is very big to axial removal resistance. The magnetic suspension effect can be effectively enhanced by utilizing the cogging effect of the magnetic field.

For example, fig. 8 uses 4 magnetic rings, i.e., a 4-pole configuration. In fact, the number of the magnetic rings is reduced to 2, namely 2-pole structure, and the magnetic levitation force of the magnetic rings can exceed the 8-pole structure of fig. 5.

Fig. 9 is a flow chart of magnetic lines of force in a magnetic circuit of a magnetic suspension bearing with a radial magnetic field structure.

In the radial magnetic field structure magnetic suspension bearing, magnetic lines of force emitted from a magnetic pole N of a rotor body enter a stator through an air gap between the rotor body and a stator body and teeth on the stator body, then return to a magnetic pole S of opposite polarity on the rotor from adjacent stator teeth and the air gap, and the magnetic lines of force can also enter a rotating shaft. In engineering, the shaft is usually made of forged steel, which is both a magnetic conductor and an electrical conductor. When the magnetic suspension bearing works, the fluctuation of the axial force between the propeller and the power device can affect the axial position between the rotor magnetic pole and the stator tooth at any time, the axial displacement causes the fluctuation of magnetic lines of force, and the fluctuating magnetic lines of force generate certain induced electromotive force to generate induced current in the rotating shaft. According to faraday's law, this induced current has the effect of suppressing axial displacement and axial force variation in the shafting, that is, has a damping effect on the vibration caused by the axial force, and can reduce the noise generated by the vibration, which is particularly advantageous for the stealth of ships.

FIG. 10 is a diagram of a magnetic bearing system with vibration and noise reduction dampers.

Because the forged steel is both a magnetizer and an electrical conductor, the forged steel is neither a good magnetizer nor a good electrical conductor. The good magnetic conductor in engineering is electrical steel, and the good electric conductor in engineering usually adopts metallic copper or metallic aluminum.

In order to exert the damping effect of the radial magnetic suspension bearing structure on preventing the shafting from conducting vibration well, electrical steel with good magnetic conductivity can be lined between the rotor magnet and the rotating shaft in fig. 10, and then a copper ring or an aluminum ring is nested on the electrical steel. This metal ring for damping is shown at (32) in fig. 10. The metal rings, like the cage rings in induction motors, change the magnetic force lines flowing through the magnets whenever the axial force changes in the magnetic suspension bearings to cause the position of the stator and rotor to fluctuate, and this change induces currents in the damping windings to damp the vibration of the stator and rotor positions, and the energy of the fluctuation is dissipated in the bearings, and the vibration and noise are reduced.

The utility model discloses a magnetic suspension bearing device with damping metal ring, which is characterized in that a plurality of annular magnets on a rotor body are arranged along the radial direction, and a metal damping ring is sleeved on a magnetic yoke of the rotor body; the stator magnetizer is provided with an annular tooth socket; the metal damping ring can be arranged on the stator body instead of the rotor body; the device can slow down or eliminate the mechanical vibration of the rotating shaft and reduce the noise generated or transmitted by the shafting.

In order to reduce the transmission vibration and noise of a shaft system, the shaft power adopts elastic transmission instead of rigid contact transmission, which is the direction of ship technology development. The utility model discloses a radial magnetic suspension bearing structure of band stop buddhist nun becket belongs to contactless elastic transmission mechanism itself, to overcoming naval vessel vibration and noise, has certain technical advantage.

The magnetic suspension bearing with various types and structures of the utility model can bring the following inestimable technical progress and economic benefits:

1. in large terms, many naval vessels and aircraft have their body drive forces generated mostly by means of (propeller) rotor shafts, pushing the fluid backwards, the reaction force of the fluid acting on the shafts, which force must be transmitted from the rotor to the aircraft body via thrust bearings in order to become the propulsion of the aircraft. Because the rotating shaft is in a rotating state, the energy loss is generated by inevitable friction force during the process of transmitting the propelling force by the thrust bearing. Adopt the utility model discloses a magnetic suspension bearing replaces traditional thrust bearing after, and the power transmission process is with the help of the magnetic suspension power of no mechanical contact, has eliminated the root cause that frictional force and friction loss produced with regard to fundamentally to reduce navigation ware power consumption, improve the energy efficiency of system.

2. From the aspect of the equipment cost analysis comparison, the utility model discloses an active magnetic suspension only increases the magnetic suspension bearing that a set of magnet just can constitute a magnetic suspension bearing, and the radial magnetic field of especially taking the tooth's socket magnetizer arranges, and its cost is much lower than expensive thrust bearing, in addition, adopts the magnet of excitation type, and equipment cost is lower. The cost of the passive magnetic suspension bearing is possibly equivalent to that of a thrust bearing body, but although the cost of the passive magnetic suspension bearing is higher, the force measuring device can also be used for diagnosing the working condition of a shafting and predicting and recording faults of a power system, and the new added function technology and economic benefits are more difficult and more expensive.

3. In order to reduce the influence of friction force in the traditional thrust bearing as much as possible, advanced lubricating agents and lubricating measures are needed, necessary maintenance manpower and material resources are needed, and in addition, in order to dissipate heat generated by friction in the bearing, the traditional thrust bearing needs to be added with heat dissipation equipment, so that the cost of aircraft equipment is increased. Adopt the utility model discloses a magnetic suspension bearing replaces traditional thrust bearing after, should only have very little extra dimension to guarantee manpower and materials consumption, need not radiator plant, is favorable to reducing navigation ware construction cost and fortune dimension cost.

4. The friction force causes the thrust bearing to be abraded, and the service life of the bearing is directly shortened. Adopt the utility model discloses a magnetic suspension bearing has not had mechanical contact after replacing traditional thrust bearing, just also does not have wearing and tearing, and the working life of bearing improves greatly.

5. The unbalanced thrust forces make the thrust bearing very susceptible to transfer vibration and noise, which reduces the concealment of the aircraft while causing environmental pollution. Adopt the utility model discloses a magnetic suspension bearing replaces traditional thrust bearing after, and the shafting has replaced the power transmission of rigid contact with contactless elastic force transmission, and suitable attenuator in addition, the vibration and the noise of navigation ware are subdued, and this is very favorable to military navigation ware's disguise a bit.

To sum up, the utility model discloses a magnetic suspension bearing includes active type, passive type, full magnetic suspension type on the structure is big. The magnet structure can be divided into a permanent magnet type and an excitation type. In the design and installation, the magnet can be installed on the rotor body, the magnetizer can be installed on the stator body, and the magnet can also be installed on the stator body, and the magnetizer can be installed on the rotor body. The magnetic field arrangement can be divided into different forms of the magnet arrangement along the axial direction and the magnet arrangement along the radial direction, wherein a plurality of technical products of the same category can be formed through arrangement and combination, and all the devices and the methods are used in any different mechanical equipment occasions and are within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A kind of magnetic suspension thrust bearing device, characterized by that, the apparatus is made up of two parts of rotor block (2) and stator block (3), the rotor block (2) is set up on the spindle (1), the stator block is fixed on the base firmly, the rotor block, the stator block surrounds outside in inner, the rotor block is contactless; the corresponding surfaces of the rotor body and the stator body are respectively provided with a magnet and a magnetizer, and the polarities of the magnets are alternately arranged, namely, the adjacent magnet of one polarity magnet is the other polarity magnet; the device transfers the axial force on the rotating shaft to the stator body in a non-contact way by utilizing the axial displacement between the rotor body and the stator body; the two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively provided with a sliding bearing for bearing the radial force formed by the gravity of the rotating shaft.

2. The magnetic suspension thrust bearing device according to claim 1, wherein the device structure is active, the rotating shaft (1) can move freely in two directions of the shaft after being stressed, the movement of the rotating shaft causes the displacement between the rotor body and the stator body, and magnetic suspension force with the direction opposite to the stress direction and the same magnitude is actively generated between the rotor body and the stator body, so that the stress on the rotating shaft is transferred to the stator body.

3. The magnetic levitation thrust bearing device according to claim 1, wherein the device structure is passive and mainly comprises a stator body axial sliding system (31), a stator body displacer (311) is arranged in the stator body axial sliding system, the stator displacer can move axially on a stator seat (312), and the stator body comprises a magnetic conductive stator magnetic circuit; the surface of the rotor body is provided with a magnet, and the rotating shaft (1) is also provided with a stress sensor; the rotating shaft can not move after being stressed, and the stator body moves instead.

4. A magnetic levitation thrust bearing device as claimed in claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the device structure is a full magnetic levitation type, the stator body base is configured to move slightly downward, and the stator body base is moved downward by a distance that is smaller between the upper end of the stator body and the rotor body than between the lower end of the stator body and the rotor body, so that the rotating shaft generates an axial magnetic levitation force and simultaneously obtains an additional upward radial magnetic levitation force M to overcome the influence of the gravity of the rotating shaft.

5. A magnetic levitation thrust bearing device as recited in claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the device structure is of an excitation type, and an excitation winding is provided on one of the stator body or the rotor body, and the corresponding magnetic conductor on the other body, both of which constitute the basic structure of the magnetic levitation device of the present invention; the excitation current is delivered to the rotor body or the stator body by slip ring brushes or flexible wiring.

6. A magnetic levitation thrust bearing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, wherein one of the stator body or the rotor body is provided with a magnet, and the other of the corresponding bodies is provided with a magnetic conductor; the magnets adopt a magnetic field structure which is arranged along the axial direction or along the radial direction.

7. A magnetic levitation thrust bearing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the magnets are arranged in a radial direction and the magnetizer has annular slots formed therein, the slots being perpendicular to the rotation shaft, forming a motor-like slot structure which has no effect on the rotation of the shaft but has a particularly large resistance to axial movement.

8. The magnetic levitation thrust bearing device as recited in claim 7, wherein the plurality of ring magnets on the rotor body are arranged in a radial direction, and the yoke of the rotor body is sleeved with a metal damping ring; the stator magnetizer is provided with an annular tooth socket; the metal damping ring can be arranged on the stator body instead of the rotor body; the device can slow down or eliminate the mechanical vibration of the rotating shaft and reduce the noise generated or transmitted by the shafting.

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