CN213680551U - Thermal value-containing waste fixed bed pyrolysis gasification melting slag discharging device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a thermal value-containing waste fixed bed pyrolysis gasification melting slag discharging device, including the oxidation section slag chamber and the changeover portion of interconnect, be provided with the gasifying agent nozzle on the oxidation section slag chamber, be provided with the gas nozzle on the oxidation section slag chamber for supply heat to the oxidation section slag chamber, the bottom of oxidation section slag chamber is provided with the cinder notch device, be provided with the support in the changeover portion and be used for supporting blocking device, blocking device sets up in the below of cinder notch device, and blocking device and cinder notch device constitute the passageway that communicates changeover portion and oxidation section slag chamber, cinder notch device with blocking device is the electric heater unit; the utility model discloses can realize the melting gasification of low calorific value discarded object and arrange the sediment in succession to adopt the slag chilling, solve the secondary pollution problem that dioxin and heavy metal etc. in the slag brought.

Description

Thermal value-containing waste fixed bed pyrolysis gasification melting slag discharging device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a solid useless resource utilization handles the field, concretely relates to contain calorific value discarded object fixed bed pyrolysis gasification melting and arrange sediment device can eliminate the secondary pollution problem that harmful substance such as heavy metal brought in the generation of dioxin in the slag and the solution slag.

Background

The waste has complex components, such as municipal domestic waste, organic chloride (such as polyvinyl chloride plastic, chlorobenzene and the like) and inorganic chloride (such as sodium chloride and magnesium chloride in kitchen waste) and the like. The presence of chlorine is a major factor in the generation of dioxins. Dioxin is a general name of a family of substances and has strong toxicity, the toxicity of the dioxin is different due to different isomers, the most toxic of the dioxin is 2, 3, 7 and 8-tetrachlorodibenzo dioxin, and the toxicity of the dioxin is 1000 times that of potassium cyanide. Dioxin is solid, has high melting point, is insoluble in water, is easily soluble in fat, is easily accumulated in organisms, and can cause symptoms of skin acne, headache, deafness, melancholy, insomnia and the like. Even in a very small amount, long-term ingestion causes cancer, deformity, and the like, and is therefore called the most toxic substance in the world. There are main cases of dioxin generation: (i) incomplete combustion. In the drying process and the initial stage of combustion of the garbage, when the oxygen content is sufficient, the low-boiling-point hydrocarbons in the garbage are gasified or combusted to generate CO and CO₂、H₂O, but if the oxygen is insufficient, dioxin precursors are generated, and the precursors and chloride and O in the garbage₂Oxygen ion to perform complex thermal reactionIn response, dioxin substances are generated. ② after combustion. Dioxin precursor generated by incomplete combustion and unburned cyclic hydrocarbon substances in the garbage react with chloride and O in the smoke under the catalysis of metal particles such as Cu, Ni, Fe and the like in the smoke₂The reaction is carried out to generate dioxin substances, and the catalytic reaction temperature is about 300 ℃.

The melting point of the dioxin is 303-306 ℃, the boiling point is 421.2-446.5 ℃, the cracking temperature is above 700 ℃, the dioxin cracking is generally regarded as that the dioxin stays for 2 seconds in an environment of about 850 ℃ or stays for 1 second in an environment of 1000 ℃, and the dioxin can be considered to be completely cracked. Therefore, by adopting a melting slag-off gasification technology, dioxin can be cracked in a melting high-temperature environment, and the slag is chilled to avoid a temperature environment in which the dioxin is generated by a precursor, so that the generation of the dioxin is inhibited.

At present, the municipal solid waste is mainly treated by sanitary landfill (accounting for about 60 percent) and incineration (accounting for about 35 percent). The main disadvantages of sanitary landfill are: land occupation is realized; secondly, the proportion of degradable organic matters is limited, and the resource utilization rate is low; thirdly, a large amount of residual garbage and biogas slurry can not be effectively treated (or the treatment cost is high), and the environmental pollution problem still exists. The main drawbacks of incineration compared to gasification technology are: firstly, the furnace slag contains dioxin, so that the environmental pollution is relatively serious, and the treatment cost is high; secondly, the C element in the garbage can not be fully utilized, the resource utilization rate is low, and the garbage reduction ratio is low.

At present, the research on some solid waste gasification technologies in China mostly adopts an ash discharge mode, so that the content of dioxin in furnace ash exceeds the standard. The heat value of domestic garbage in China is lower than that of developed countries, the heat value of urban domestic garbage is about 4000kJ/kg generally, the heat value of garbage generated in a novel residential area in a developed coastal area reaches 5500-8000 kJ/kg, and difficulty is brought to melting, deslagging and gasification. Aiming at the characteristic that the heat value of domestic garbage is lower in China, some scientific research units develop the technology of firstly mixing and proportioning coal and domestic garbage and then melting, deslagging and gasifying the mixture. For gasification, the garbage is generally made into RDF granules to enhance the gasification reaction kinetics, but the difficulty and cost of RDF production are increased after mixing and blending the coal and the household garbage.

Waste gasification is derived from coal gasification technology, but the calorific value of coal is generally higher than that of domestic garbage, so that melting, deslagging and gasification are relatively easy to realize. At present, a BGL coal gasification technology adopts a melting slag discharging mode, but the problems that the slag discharging mode is complex to control, the equipment manufacturing and processing difficulty is high, part of key equipment needs to be imported, the operation reliability is low, the investment is large and the like exist. Is still a bottleneck for limiting the harmless and technical commercial application of the main byproduct ash slag in the pyrolysis and gasification treatment of industrial solid waste, dangerous waste, household garbage and the like.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a contain calorific value discarded object fixed bed pyrolysis gasification melting and arrange sediment device on prior art's basis for eliminate the secondary pollution problem that harmful substance such as dioxin in the formation of slag and solution slag in the discarded object resource utilization processing procedure brought.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

a thermal value-containing waste fixed bed pyrolysis gasification melting slag discharge device comprises: an oxidation section slag chamber and a transition section which are connected with each other, wherein a plurality of gasifying agent nozzles are arranged on the oxidation section slag chamber,

the oxidation section slag chamber is provided with a plurality of gas burners for supplying heat to the oxidation section slag chamber,

a slag hole device is arranged at the bottom of the oxidation section slag melting chamber,

the transition section is internally provided with a bracket for supporting a blocking device, the blocking device is arranged below the slag hole device, the blocking device and the slag hole device form a slag runner for communicating a slag chamber of the oxidation section and the transition section,

the slag hole device and the blocking device are both electric heating devices.

In the technical scheme, the slag notch device and the blocking device are coaxially arranged, and an annular slag runner is formed between the slag notch device and the blocking device.

In the technical scheme, the inner side of the slag hole device is of a streamline bell mouth structure, the outer side of the slag hole device is provided with an electric heating structure along the circumferential direction, and the outer side of the slag hole device is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the slag chamber and can be detachably maintained.

In the above technical solution, the blocking device includes a heat insulating block and a heating head disposed on the heat insulating block, and an electric heating body is disposed between the heating head and the heat insulating block.

In the technical scheme, the heating head is of a spherical structure, and a horn-ring-shaped slag runner is formed between the spherical surface of the heating head and the horn mouth of the slag mouth device.

In the technical scheme, the lower end in the oxidation section slag chamber is of a conical structure, the conical inclined surface and the central axis of the oxidation section slag chamber form an alpha angle which is an included angle of 10-45 degrees, a plurality of gas burners are arranged in the same circumferential direction and are arranged at the lower part of the oxidation section slag chamber and below the gasifying agent nozzles.

In the technical scheme, the overlook projections of the central axes of all the gas burners are tangent to the outer edge of the upper opening of the slag hole device, the central axes of the gas burners and the slag chamber of the oxidation section form a beta angle, and the beta angle is an included angle of 45-80 degrees.

In the technical scheme, the gas burner is of a two-channel structure and simultaneously provides gas and oxygen.

In the technical scheme, the slag chilling chamber is connected below the transition section through a flange structure, and the slag flowing out of the slag chamber of the oxidation section directly enters the slag chilling chamber after passing through the blocking device of the transition section.

To sum up, owing to adopted above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:

because the gas burner is arranged in the slag chamber of the oxidation section of the gasification furnace to supplement heat to the slag chamber of the oxidation section of the gasification furnace, the requirement of melting gasification of low-calorific-value wastes on heat is met; an electric heating slag hole device is arranged at the bottom of a slag chamber of an oxidation section of the gasification furnace, and a heating ball head is arranged at a transition section, so that slag is not condensed, and slag is discharged in a melting way; the slag is chilled, so that the temperature environment of dioxin generated by the precursor is eliminated, heavy metals in the slag are sealed and stored by the slag, and the problem of secondary pollution is solved.

Drawings

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

wherein: 1 is a slag chamber of an oxidation section of a gasification furnace; 2 is a refractory protective lining; 3 is a fire-resistant insulating layer; 4 is a gasifying agent nozzle; 5 is a gas burner; 6 is a slag notch device; 7 is a lead outlet of the slag hole device; 8 is a heating bulb; 9 is a ball stop; 10 is a sight glass mounting port; 11 is a transition section; 12 is an adiabatic block; 13 is a water inlet pipe; 14 is a heating head wire leading-out hole; 15 is a slag quench chamber; 16 is a water outlet; 17 is a slag valve; 18 is a slag lock; 19 is a slag tap; 20 is a slag discharge port; 21 is a stent; 22 is an igniter burner.

Detailed Description

All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.

Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses.

As shown in figure 1, the utility model discloses a gasifier oxidation zone and slag chamber 1, gasification agent nozzle ann 4, gas nozzle 5, cinder notch device 6, 14 changeover portion 11 of cinder notch device wire lead-out hole, sight glass installing port 10, bulb blocking device 9, heating head wire lead-out hole 14, cinder chilling chamber 15, inlet tube 13, delivery port 16, go up sediment valve 17, sediment lock 18, sediment valve 19, row's cinder notch 20.

The furnace oxidation section and the slag chamber 1, the slag hole device 6, the transition section 11, the slag chilling chamber 15, the upper slag valve 17, the slag lock 18, the lower slag valve 19 and the slag discharging hole 20 are all connected by flanges.

The internal shapes of the oxidation section of the gasification furnace and the bottom of the slag chamber 1 are conical, the conical inclined plane and the central axis form an alpha angle, and the alpha angle is 10-45 degrees.

The oxidation section of the gasification furnace and the slag chamber 1 are of at least three-layer structures, the inner wall layer is a fireproof protective lining, the middle layer is a fireproof heat-insulating layer, and the outer layer is a furnace body metal outer shell. The fire-resistant protective lining and the fire-resistant heat-insulating layer are both made of conventional materials in the field of gasification furnaces. The refractory protective lining can be made of refractory materials which can resist high temperature of not less than 1500 ℃ and resist liquid slag scouring, and specifically is corundum, high chromium, silicon carbide or silicon nitride combined silicon carbide.

The gasification agent nozzles 4 are even and uniformly arranged on the same horizontal plane, the central axes of the gasification agent nozzles are inclined downwards by an angle gamma, and the angle gamma is 45-80 degrees. The overlooking projection of the central axis of all the installed gasifying agent nozzles is tangent to the outer edge of the upper opening of the slag opening device, and the circumferential direction of the nozzles deviates to one direction. The gas burner installing ports are even and evenly arranged on the same horizontal plane, the downward inclination angle of the central axis of the gas burner installing ports is a beta angle, and the beta angle is 45-80 degrees. The overlooking projection of the central axis of all the installed gasifying agent nozzles is tangent to the outer edge of the upper opening of the slag opening device, and the circumferential direction of the nozzles deviates to one direction.

The gas burner mounting port is positioned below the gasifying agent nozzle mounting port. The burner has a two-channel structure, one channel is rich in oxygen, the other channel is fuel gas, the fuel gas is self-produced fuel gas or natural gas (or liquefied gas) of the gasification furnace, the natural gas or liquefied gas is used at the initial starting stage of the gasification furnace, the self-produced fuel gas of the gasification furnace is used in a normal working state and is switched by a control system program, and the supply pressure or flow is automatically adjusted by the control system. The burner provides heat for the slag pool, and supplements energy required by slag at the bottom of the slag pool due to low heat value of ash and relatively low temperature of the gasifying agent.

The slag notch flow channel of the slag notch device 6 adopts a streamline bell mouth design, the minimum position size of the flow channel is phi d, and phi d is phi 20-phi 80 mm. The material is made of high temperature resistant material (specifically corundum) with high heat conduction coefficient by sintering, the outer periphery of the material is provided with a structure capable of fixing an electric heating body, the electric heating body is an electric heating body with the working temperature not lower than 1200 ℃, and a B-type or S-type temperature sensor is installed. The slag notch device is provided with a heating body and a temperature sensor lead leading-out hole 14, and the control system realizes closed-loop temperature control, so that a slag runner keeps corresponding temperature, and the slag is prevented from being condensed when passing through the runner. The design of the slag hole device meets the requirements of being replaceable and convenient to maintain. The electric heater is Cr20Ni80 resistance wire, silicon carbon rod, silicon molybdenum rod or graphite rod. The design of the slag notch device for fixing the outer side of the electric heating body requires that the electric heating body is arranged in a relatively sealed space, so that the service life of the electric heating body is prevented from being reduced by high-temperature oxidation. The temperature of the slag hole device can be slowly increased/decreased by the cycle PWM control of the temperature control system.

The transition section 11 is provided with a viewing mirror mounting opening 10 and an igniter burner mounting opening 22.

The ball head blocking device 9 is positioned right below the slag hole device 6, in the transition section 11, and consists of a heating ball head 8, a heat insulation block 12 and a support 21, and the heating ball head 8 and a slag discharging lower opening of the slag hole device 6 form a horn ring-shaped slag runner. The heating ball 8 is made of high-temperature-resistant material (corundum) with high heat conduction coefficient by sintering, an electric heating body is arranged at the bottom of the heating ball, a B-type or S-type temperature sensor is arranged, and a control system is used for realizing closed-loop temperature control, so that the corresponding temperature is kept when the molten slag flows through the ball head blocking device 9, and the molten slag is prevented from being condensed when flowing through a runner formed by a slag discharging port of the slag port device 6 and the heating ball 8. The plan view projection size Φ D of the heating bulb 8 is D1 to (D1 + 100). The distance from the top of the heating ball head 8 to the bottom of the slag hole device 6 is L, and the size of the L is 20-60 mm. The heat insulation block 12 of the ball head blocking device 9 is positioned below the heating ball head 8, is used for supporting and fixing the heating ball head 8, and is made of a material which is high-temperature resistant and has a low heat conduction coefficient. And a metal bracket is arranged below the heat insulation block 12 and used for fixing the heating ball head 8 and the heat insulation block 12. The electric heater is Cr20Ni80 resistance wire, silicon carbon rod, silicon molybdenum rod or graphite rod. An inlet and outlet wire hole is formed, and an electric heating cable of the heating ball head 8 and a cable of the temperature sensor are led out from the lead leading-out hole 14 through the inlet and outlet wire hole and are connected to a temperature control system. The design of one side of the heating ball head for fixing the electric heating body requires that the electric heating body is arranged in a relatively sealed space, so that the service life of the electric heating body is prevented from being reduced by high-temperature oxidation. The design of the heating ball head meets the principle of being replaceable and convenient to maintain. The cycle PWM control of the heating bulb temperature control system needs to realize the slow temperature rise/fall.

The slag chilling chamber 15 is connected to the lower part of the transition section through a flange, and the slag enters the slag chilling chamber for rapid chilling after passing through the transition section, so that the temperature condition that dioxin is generated by a dioxin precursor is avoided, and the generation of the dioxin in the slag is avoided. The quench chamber water temperature and level are automatically controlled by an external circulating water supply system.

The bottom of the slag chilling chamber 15 is connected with a slag valve 17 through a flange. The upper slag valve 17 is flanged to a lower slag lock 18. The bottom of the slag lock 18 is connected with a slag discharging valve 19. The slag discharging valve 19 is connected with a lower slag discharging port through a flange. The control system controls the slag feeding valve and the slag discharging valve in an interlocking way. And judging the amount of slag in the chilling chamber according to the water level of the chilling chamber, and when the amount of slag reaches a set value, coordinating and controlling a circulating water supply system and a slag feeding valve outside the chilling chamber by a control system, and opening the slag feeding valve to enable chilled slag to enter a slag lock for storage. When the slag lock reaches a set amount, the slag discharging valve is opened to discharge the slag out of the furnace through the slag discharging port.

The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple changes made based on the present invention to solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects are all covered by the protection scope of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification, and to any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.

Claims (9)

1. A thermal value-containing waste fixed bed pyrolysis gasification melting slag discharge device comprises: oxidation zone slag chamber (1) and changeover portion (11) of interconnect, be provided with a plurality of gasification agent nozzle (4) on oxidation zone slag chamber (1), its characterized in that:

the oxidation section slag chamber (1) is provided with a plurality of gas burners (5) which are used for providing combustible gas for combustion in the oxidation section slag chamber (1) and providing heat for the oxidation section slag chamber (1),

a slag hole device (6) is arranged at the bottom of the oxidation section slag chamber (1),

a bracket (21) for supporting a blocking device (9) is arranged in the transition section (11), the blocking device (9) consists of a heating bulb (8) and a heat-insulating block (12) and is arranged below the slag hole device (6), the heating bulb (8) and the slag hole device (6) are not contacted with each other to form a slag runner for communicating the transition section (11) and the slag chamber (1) of the oxidation section,

the slag hole device (6) and the heating ball head (8) are both electric heating devices.

2. The thermal value-containing waste fixed bed pyrolysis gasification melting slag discharge device according to claim 1, wherein the slag notch device (6) and the blocking device (9) are coaxially arranged, and an annular slag runner is formed between the slag notch device (6) and a bulb surface of a heating bulb (8) of the blocking device (9).

3. The fixed bed pyrolysis gasification melting slag discharge device for waste with calorific value according to claim 2, wherein the inner side of the slag hole device (6) is of a streamline bell mouth structure, the outer side of the slag hole device (6) is provided with an electric heating structure along the circumferential direction, and the outer side of the slag hole device (6) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the slag chamber (1) and is detachably maintained.

4. The thermal value-containing waste fixed bed pyrolysis gasification melting slag discharge device according to claim 2, wherein the blocking device (9) comprises a heat insulation block (12) and a heating bulb (8) arranged on the heat insulation block (12), and an electric heating body is arranged between the heating bulb (8) and the heat insulation block (12).

5. The thermal value-containing waste fixed bed pyrolysis gasification melting slag discharge device according to claim 4, wherein the heating ball head (8) is of a spherical structure, and a horn ring-shaped slag runner is formed between the spherical surface of the heating ball head (8) and the horn mouth of the slag mouth device (6).

6. The fixed bed pyrolysis gasification melting slag discharge device for waste with calorific value according to claim 1, wherein the lower end in the oxidation section slag chamber (1) is of a conical structure, the conical inclined plane and the central axis of the oxidation section slag chamber (1) form an angle alpha, the angle alpha is an included angle of 10-45 degrees, a plurality of gas burners (5) are uniformly arranged in the same circumferential direction and are arranged below the gasifying agent nozzle.

7. The fixed bed pyrolysis gasification melting slag discharge device for waste with calorific value according to claim 6, wherein the top view projection of the central axis of all the gas burners (5) is tangent to the outer edge of the upper opening of the slag opening device (6), the central axis of the gas burners (5) and the central axis of the oxidation section slag chamber (1) form an angle beta, and the angle beta is an included angle of 45-80 degrees.

8. The fixed bed pyrolysis gasification melting slag discharge device for waste with calorific value according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the gas burner (5) has a two-channel structure and simultaneously provides gas and oxygen, and the gas used by the burner is gasifier self-produced gas, natural gas or liquefied gas.

9. The thermal value-containing waste fixed bed pyrolysis gasification melting slag discharging device according to claim 1, characterized in that a slag chilling chamber (15) is connected below the transition section (11) through a flange structure, and the slag flowing out from the oxidation section slag chamber (1) directly enters the slag chilling chamber (15) for chilling after passing through a blocking device (9) of the transition section (11), enters a slag lock (18) for storage, and can be discharged out of the furnace through a slag discharging port (20) according to specific slag amount.

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