CN213483832U

CN213483832U - Battery module capable of inhibiting thermal runaway expansion of square-shell battery core

Info

Publication number: CN213483832U
Application number: CN202022402265.8U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯彬彬; 王庆超
Original assignee: Suzhou Zhengli New Energy Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Suzhou Zhengli New Energy Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-26
Filing date: 2020-10-26
Publication date: 2021-06-18
Anticipated expiration: 2030-10-26

Abstract

A battery module capable of inhibiting the thermal runaway expansion of a square-shell battery cell comprises a battery cell, a battery cell heat-insulating buffer layer, a heat-conducting fireproof upper cover, a battery cell group heat-insulating protective layer, a heat-conducting end plate and a heat-conducting side plate; the battery cores are arranged in parallel to form a battery core group, and a battery core heat-insulation buffer layer is arranged between every two adjacent battery cores; the periphery of the electric core group is provided with a heat insulation protective layer; the outer sides of the heat insulation protective layers on the two side surfaces are provided with heat conduction side plates, the outer sides of the heat insulation protective layers on the two end surfaces are provided with heat conduction end plates, and the heat conduction side plates and the heat conduction end plates are made of metal materials; the upper part of the electric core group is provided with a heat-conducting fireproof upper cover, the heat-conducting fireproof upper cover is provided with a heat-conducting groove, and the position corresponds to the electric core explosion-proof valve during installation. This battery module is through setting up the thermal-insulated protective structure that different materials combine with electric core group periphery between electric core, realizes the thermal-insulated protection between the electric core, between the module, has compromise the heat dissipation function of electric core and whole module again simultaneously, the emergence of the more effectual square shell electric core thermal runaway extension of suppression.

Description

Battery module capable of inhibiting thermal runaway expansion of square-shell battery core

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to new energy automobile power battery field, concretely relates to can restrain battery module of square shell electricity core thermal runaway extension.

Background

How to dredge the thermal energy transfer when the single battery core is out of control, and effectively inhibit the thermal energy from being transferred to other battery cores, and the occurrence of chain thermal out of control is a problem to be solved urgently.

The method has the advantages that thermal runaway expansion of the battery PACK is restrained, certain application cases exist in the industry, thermal runaway protection is conducted on the PACK layer or the module layer, thermal runaway conduction to a passenger cabin is prevented, and thermal runaway protection among the battery cores is less. Along with the continuous increase of the capacity of the single electric core, the electric cores need to be arranged with fire prevention and heat insulation besides the mutual isolation among modules in the battery pack; the cell layer is limited by the group size, so that the improvement space is small; and heat insulation is difficult to ensure and heat among the cells can be conducted at the same time.

Once the square-shell battery cell is out of control due to heat, high-temperature and high-pressure gas is rapidly sprayed out through the battery cell explosion-proof valve. On the one hand, the melt that the explosion-proof valve port in electric core top spun splashes to all around, can trigger all the other electric core short circuit thermal runaway around. Therefore, the part of high-temperature and high-pressure gas needs to pass through the dredging and discharging module; in addition, the temperature sharply rises around the thermal runaway electric core, and thermal insulation protection needs to be done between the electric cores, so that the thermal runaway of other electric cores is avoided being triggered.

In addition, it is currently common practice for PACK or module level protection to use mica boards or aerogel felts for fire and heat protection. The mica plate has no problem in heat insulation and fire prevention, but the thickness and weight of the laminated mica plate between the electric cores are contrary to the trend of light weight and compact space design of a PACK system; and is prone to debris under non-vertical thermal shock conditions. Aerogel materials are good in heat insulation effect, but are high in cost and have the problem of material powder falling. At present, most of the materials are adhered by using back glue, and the glue is not flame-retardant and easy to burn and cannot be well combined with a module and a battery cell.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

For solving the technical problem, an object of the utility model is to provide a can restrain battery module of square shell electricity core thermal runaway extension, this module can effectively solve the thermal energy transmission when single cell electricity core thermal runaway in the battery module to effectively restrain heat energy conduction to all the other electricity cores, take place chain thermal runaway. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

a battery module capable of inhibiting thermal runaway expansion of a square-shell battery cell is characterized by comprising a battery cell, a battery cell thermal insulation buffer layer, a heat-conducting fireproof upper cover, a battery cell group thermal insulation protective layer, a heat-conducting end plate and a heat-conducting side plate; the battery cores are arranged in parallel to form a battery core group, and a battery core heat-insulation buffer layer is arranged between every two adjacent battery cores; two side surfaces and two end surfaces of the electric core group are provided with electric core group heat insulation protective layers; the outer sides of the electric core group heat insulation protective layers on the two side surfaces are provided with heat conduction side plates, the outer sides of the electric core group heat insulation protective layers on the two end surfaces are provided with heat conduction end plates, and the heat conduction side plates and the heat conduction end plates are made of metal materials; the heat conduction fireproof upper cover is arranged on the upper portion of the battery cell group, the heat conduction fireproof upper cover is provided with a heat conduction groove, and the position of the heat conduction groove corresponds to that of the battery cell explosion-proof valve during installation.

Furthermore, the integral structure is bound and fixed into a group by an upper binding belt and a lower binding belt.

Furthermore, the heat-conducting end plates and the heat-conducting side plates are made of aluminum alloy tensile sectional materials or cast aluminum materials. When the electric core is out of control due to heat, the heat insulation protective layers of the electric core groups around can conduct at high temperature in an insulation manner, and the external temperature is less than 200 ℃ at the internal temperature of 600 ℃; meanwhile, the heat conduction side plate and the heat conduction end plate made of metal materials are beneficial to dredging partial heat conducted out through the heat insulation protective layer, and heat dissipation of the electric core with out-of-control generated heat is facilitated. Because adjacent module also has heat conduction curb plate (heat conduction end plate), the thermal-insulated inoxidizing coating of electric core group, the outside highest 600 ℃ of temperature is not enough to lead to around the module in electric core emergence thermal runaway.

Further, the heat-conducting fireproof upper cover is made of GFRP resin composite materials, a heat-insulating fireproof coating is sprayed on the bottom of the cover, a heat-conducting groove is formed in the cover, and the position of the heat-conducting groove corresponds to that of the battery cell explosion-proof valve; the heat-insulating fireproof coating is heat-expandable paint. The thickness of the heat-conducting fireproof upper cover is not more than 1.5mm, and the thickness of the heat-insulating fireproof coating is not more than 0.6 mm. When electric core emergence thermal runaway, the high temperature high pressure gas that produces in the electric core can outwards spray from electric core explosion-proof valve position earlier, when the upper cover heat conduction groove is broken through, high temperature high pressure gas is to the outside scattering, GFRE resin composite's heat conduction fire prevention upper cover short time can satisfy fire-resistant 1200 ℃, can effectively prevent that the fuse that sprays from burning through the heat conduction fire prevention lid, cause all the other module thermal runaway, in addition, the thermal-insulated fire protection coating of bottom of heat conduction fire prevention upper cover is heated and is expanded rapidly, can fill electric core top CSC subassembly space, prevent that the temperature from passing through the copper bar, pencil conduction is to other electric cores.

Further, be provided with the installation slot between heat conduction curb plate and the heat conduction end plate for fixed electric core of cooperation and protection insulating layer, the fixed knot structure that the outside set up on the heat conduction curb plate is used for assembling with the battery package box.

Further, the cell thermal buffer layer comprises: 1 middle layer and an insulating film coated on both sides of the middle layer. The intermediate level comprises frame and the intermediate level that thermal-insulated flame retardant coating had the cushioning effect, the frame can be the buffer material such as bubble cotton, rubber, and the electric core inflation plays the cushioning effect when being out of control to electric core heat, thermal-insulated flame retardant coating can be aerogel felt or soluble ceramic fibrofelt or polyimide bubble cotton. Insulating films on two sides of the middle layer mainly play a role in preventing the electric core from conducting electricity and coating the internal heat-insulating fireproof material.

Further, the electric core group thermal-insulated inoxidizing coating of setting at electric core group terminal surface and side includes: mica sheets, and heat-insulating fireproof composite boards and mica frames which are sequentially compounded on the surfaces of the two sides of the mica sheets.

The utility model has the advantages that: (1) the arrangement of the heat-conducting fireproof upper cover can rapidly dredge energy transfer when thermal runaway inside the module is caused, and meanwhile, the upper cover has the characteristic of resisting fire at 1200 ℃ in a short time and can prevent the peripheral module from further generating thermal runaway; (2) different heat-insulating fireproof materials are arranged among the battery cores and on the side faces and the end faces of the battery core groups, so that heat generated by thermal runaway of the single battery core in the battery module can be effectively isolated from being conducted to the adjacent battery cores and even to the adjacent module groups, and meanwhile, the heat generated by the generated thermal runaway battery core can be dispersed, and the situation that thermal runaway of the single battery core causes thermal runaway of other battery cores and even surrounding module groups is effectively inhibited; (3) the heat insulation protection structure between the electric cores and outside the electric core group combined by different materials and composite materials is used, so that the heat insulation protection between the electric core heat insulation and different battery groups is realized, and the balance of heat insulation and heat dissipation is achieved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module for inhibiting thermal runaway expansion of a square-shell battery cell;

fig. 2 is a perspective view of a battery module for suppressing thermal runaway expansion of a square-shelled cell;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a thermally conductive fireproof upper cover mechanism;

fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a cell thermal insulation protective layer;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a side (end) heat-insulating protective layer;

description of reference numerals: 1-electric core; 2-cell thermal buffer layer; 21-an insulating film; 22-an intermediate layer; 221-heat insulation and fire prevention layer; 222-a buffer frame; 3-heat-conducting fireproof upper cover; 31-GFRP resin composite cover; 32-heat conducting grooves; 33-heat-insulating fireproof coating; 4-binding a belt; 5-the electric core group is a heat insulation protective layer; 51-mica sheets; 52-heat insulating and fire proofing composite board; 53-mica frame; 6-heat conducting end plate; 7-heat conducting side plates; 71-fixation structure.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the technical content recorded in the technical solution, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of the present invention.

With reference to the attached drawings 1-2, a battery module for inhibiting the thermal runaway expansion of a square-shell battery cell comprises a battery cell 1, a battery cell thermal insulation buffer layer 2, a heat-conducting fireproof upper cover 3, a battery cell group thermal insulation protective layer 5, a heat-conducting end plate 6 and a heat-conducting side plate 7; the battery cores 1 are arranged in parallel to form a battery core group, and a battery core heat-insulating buffer layer 2 is arranged between every two adjacent battery cores 1; two side surfaces and two end surfaces of the electric core group are provided with an electric core group heat insulation protective layer 5; a heat-conducting end plate 6 is arranged on the outer side of the electric core group heat-insulating protective layer 5 on the end surface, and a heat-conducting side plate 7 is arranged on the outer side of the electric core group heat-insulating protective layer 5 on the side surface; the upper part of the electric core group is provided with a heat-conducting fireproof upper cover 3. Through the fixed electric core 1 of installation slot cooperation that sets up on heat conduction curb plate 7 and the heat conduction end plate 6 and each inoxidizing coating, two ribbons 4 are tied up fixedly into the module about whole structure rethread, and the fixed knot that sets up constructs 71 on the 7 outsides of whole battery module rethread heat conduction curb plate is used for assembling with the battery package box.

Specifically, the heat-conducting end plate 6 and the heat-conducting side plate 7 are made of metal materials, preferably aluminum alloy tensile section bars or cast aluminum materials.

With reference to fig. 3, the heat-conducting fireproof upper cover 3 is made of GFRP resin composite material, a heat-insulating fireproof coating 33 is sprayed on the bottom of the cover, a heat-conducting groove 32 is formed in the cover, the position of the heat-conducting groove 32 corresponds to the battery cell explosion-proof valve, the thickness of the heat-conducting fireproof upper cover 3 is 1mm-1.5mm, the thickness of the heat-insulating fireproof coating 33 is 0.3mm-0.8mm, and the specific material is heat-expandable paint.

With reference to fig. 4, the cell thermal buffer layer 2 includes: an intermediate layer 22 and an insulating film 21 compounded on both sides of the intermediate layer 22. The intermediate layer 22 is composed of a buffer frame 222 and a heat insulation and fire prevention layer 221, and the buffer frame 222 may be a buffer material such as foam, rubber, etc., but is not limited to the above buffer material. The buffer frame mainly has a buffer effect on the expansion of the battery cell during thermal runaway, and the heat-insulating and fire-proof layer 221 may be made of fire-proof materials such as aerogel felt, soluble ceramic fiber felt, polyimide foam and the like, but is not limited to the above fire-proof materials. The insulating films 21 on both sides of the intermediate layer 22 mainly function to prevent the electric conduction of the battery cell 1 while covering the internal heat insulating and fire preventing material.

Referring to fig. 5, the electric core assembly heat insulation and protection layer 5 includes a mica sheet 51, and a heat insulation and fire protection composite board 52 and a mica frame 53 sequentially compounded on the two side surfaces of the mica sheet 51.

When the electric core is out of control due to heat, on one hand, the heat insulation protective layers of the electric core groups around the battery pack can conduct at high temperature in an insulation manner, and the external temperature is less than 200 ℃ at the internal temperature of 600 ℃; meanwhile, the metal side plates and the end plates are beneficial to dredging partial heat conducted out through the heat insulation protective layer, and the heat dissipation of the battery cell with out-of-control generated heat is facilitated. Because adjacent module also has heat conduction end plate (heat conduction curb plate) and the thermal-insulated inoxidizing coating of electric core group, the outside highest 600 ℃ of temperature is not enough to lead to around the module in the electric core take place the thermal runaway.

Furthermore, the high temperature high pressure gas that electric core thermal runaway produced can follow electric core explosion-proof valve position earlier and outwards spray, the heat conduction groove of heat conduction fire prevention upper cover is broken through, high temperature high pressure gas is to the outside scattering, GFRE resin composite's heat conduction fire prevention upper cover short time can satisfy fire-resistant 1200 ℃, can effectively prevent the melt that sprays from burning through heat conduction fire prevention upper cover, cause all the other module thermal runaway, in addition, the thermal-insulated fire protection coating in bottom of heat conduction fire prevention upper cover is heated and expands rapidly, can fill electric core top CSC subassembly space, prevent that the temperature from passing through the copper bar, the pencil conducts to other electric cores.

Claims

1. A battery module capable of inhibiting the thermal runaway expansion of a square-shell battery cell is characterized by comprising a battery cell, a battery cell thermal insulation buffer layer, a heat-conducting fireproof upper cover, a battery cell group thermal insulation protective layer, a heat-conducting end plate and a heat-conducting side plate; the battery cores are arranged in parallel to form a battery core group, and a battery core heat-insulation buffer layer is arranged between every two adjacent battery cores; two side surfaces and two end surfaces of the electric core group are provided with electric core group heat insulation protective layers; the outer sides of the electric core group heat insulation protective layers on the two side surfaces are provided with heat conduction side plates, the outer sides of the electric core group heat insulation protective layers on the two end surfaces are provided with heat conduction end plates, and the heat conduction side plates and the heat conduction end plates are made of metal materials; the heat conduction fireproof upper cover is arranged on the upper portion of the battery cell group, a heat conduction groove is formed in the heat conduction fireproof upper cover, and the position corresponds to the battery cell explosion-proof valve during installation.

2. The battery module capable of inhibiting thermal runaway expansion of a square-shell battery cell as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a binding belt for binding and fixing the battery modules into a group.

3. The battery module capable of inhibiting thermal runaway expansion of a square-shell battery cell according to claim 1, wherein the heat-conducting end plates and the heat-conducting side plates are made of aluminum alloy tensile profiles or cast aluminum.

4. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein a slot is disposed between the heat-conducting end plate and the heat-conducting side plate for fixing the battery cell, the cell thermal buffer layer and the battery cell pack thermal protection plate in a matching manner, and a fixing structure is disposed outside the heat-conducting side plate for assembling the battery module with the battery pack case.

5. The battery module capable of inhibiting thermal runaway expansion of a square-shell battery cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat-conducting fireproof upper cover is made of GFRP resin composite material, and a heat-insulating fireproof coating is sprayed on the bottom of the cover.

6. The battery module capable of inhibiting thermal runaway expansion of a square-shell battery cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein the thermal insulation fireproof coating is a thermal expansion paint.

7. The battery module capable of inhibiting thermal runaway expansion of a square-shell battery cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein the thickness of the heat-conducting fireproof upper cover is 1mm-1.5mm, and the thickness of the heat-insulating fireproof coating is 0.3mm-0.8 mm.

8. The battery module of claim 1, wherein the inter-cell thermal buffer layer comprises: an intermediate layer composed of a buffer frame and a heat-insulating fireproof layer, and insulating films compounded on two sides of the intermediate layer.

9. The battery module capable of inhibiting thermal runaway expansion of a square-shell battery cell of claim 8, wherein the buffer frame is made of foam or rubber.

10. The battery module capable of inhibiting the thermal runaway expansion of the square-shell battery cell according to claim 1, wherein the thermal insulation and protection layer of the electric core pack on the end surface and the side surface of the electric core pack comprises a mica sheet, and a thermal insulation and fire protection layer and a mica frame which are sequentially compounded on two side surfaces of the mica sheet.