CN114497873B

CN114497873B - Heat insulation composite assembly, preparation method thereof, battery module and battery pack

Info

Publication number: CN114497873B
Application number: CN202210113547.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邱春林; 宋韩龙; 钟崇霖; 顾江娜; 刘丽荣; 许财福; 郭元; 吴绍龙
Original assignee: Farasis Energy Ganzhou Co Ltd; Farasis Energy Zhenjiang Co Ltd
Current assignee: Farasis Energy Ganzhou Co Ltd; Farasis Energy Zhenjiang Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-01-30
Filing date: 2022-01-30
Publication date: 2023-09-08
Anticipated expiration: 2042-01-30
Also published as: CN114497873A

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat-insulating composite component and a preparation method thereof, a battery module and a battery pack, wherein the heat-insulating composite component comprises a heat-insulating composite component and a module upper cover, and the heat-insulating composite component is arranged on the inner side surface or the outer side surface of the module upper cover; at least one exhaust hole is arranged at the position of the module upper cover corresponding to at least one cell group of the battery module, a unidirectional exhaust area is arranged at the position of the heat insulation composite piece corresponding to the exhaust hole, and each unidirectional exhaust area is connected with a blade for opening or covering the unidirectional exhaust area. According to the invention, the heat-insulating composite piece is arranged on the upper cover of the battery module, the unidirectional exhaust area is arranged on the heat-insulating composite piece, the blade is arranged at the unidirectional exhaust area to form the unidirectional door structure, and when the heat-insulating composite piece is applied to the battery module, only the blade is allowed to be opened to a specific direction to form the exhaust channel, so that high-temperature air can pass through the exhaust channel of the battery module from inside to outside in a unidirectional manner, and the high-temperature air can be diffused to a clean space in the battery pack and then released through the explosion-proof valve.

Description

Heat insulation composite assembly, preparation method thereof, battery module and battery pack

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy batteries, in particular to a heat insulation composite component, a preparation method thereof, a battery module and a battery pack.

Background

At present, the prior art uses heat insulation, fireproof materials outside the battery module, or a combination of materials to surround the cover module, and has the following problems: 1. the high-temperature gas inside the module is not timely led to the external space of the module for heat dissipation, so that the heat concentration and the thermal runaway module are easy to cause, and the module is self-born by the heat damage caused by the reflected high-temperature gas. 2. When the omnibearing protection module is needed, a complex three-dimensional structure is required to be designed for the heat-insulating fireproof material, and meanwhile, fixation is required, so that the application of the heat-insulating fireproof material under the condition is often limited. 3. In the aspect of directional air discharge of the module, high-temperature air flows are too concentrated to easily cause high-temperature ablation damage at the air discharge holes. 4. The exhaust hole belongs to a bidirectional through hole, and high-temperature hot air flow directly enters the inside of the adjacent module to quickly cause thermal runaway of the battery cell through the directional exhaust hole of the adjacent module. 5. In some prior art, when the steel metal is used for blocking the exhaust hole, the risk of arc breakdown damage during insulation failure cannot be avoided because the steel metal is conductive and is not insulated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a heat insulation composite component, a preparation method thereof, a battery module and a battery pack.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: the heat-insulating composite assembly comprises a heat-insulating composite piece and a module upper cover, wherein the heat-insulating composite piece is arranged on the inner side surface or the outer side surface of the module upper cover; the battery module is characterized in that at least one exhaust hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the battery module, of at least one battery cell group on the module upper cover, a unidirectional exhaust area is formed in the position, corresponding to the exhaust hole, on the heat insulation composite piece, and each unidirectional exhaust area is connected with a blade for opening or covering the unidirectional exhaust area.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the heat insulation composite piece is arranged on the upper cover of the module, the unidirectional exhaust area is arranged on the heat insulation composite piece, the blades are arranged at the unidirectional exhaust area to form the unidirectional door structure, when the heat insulation composite piece is applied to the battery module, only the blades are allowed to be opened in a specific direction to form the exhaust channel, so that the high-temperature air uniformly and unidirectionally passes through the exhaust channel of the battery module from inside to outside, and the high-temperature air flows from inside to outside of the battery module and can only go out and not go in, so that the high-temperature air can be diffused to the clean space in the battery pack and then released to outside of the battery pack through the explosion-proof valve; the part of the heat insulation composite piece, which is not provided with the unidirectional exhaust area, can also play a role in heat insulation, and high-temperature gas outside the battery module cannot reversely pass through the unidirectional exhaust area, so that the high-temperature gas cannot enter the adjacent battery module, and the battery cell, which is not out of control, of the module is prevented from playing a certain role in heat insulation protection for other modules.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.

Further, the heat insulation composite is formed by compounding a plurality of refractory materials.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the heat-insulating composite piece is formed by compounding a plurality of refractory materials, so that the performance advantages of different refractory materials can be fully utilized, the heat-insulating fireproof effect can be achieved, and certain structural strength and the like can be achieved.

Further, the heat-insulating composite piece comprises a heat-resistant piece and a heat-air-flow-resistant impact piece which are compounded to form a first composite structure, or the heat-insulating composite piece comprises a heat-resistant piece and a flexible fireproof piece which are compounded to form a second composite structure, or the heat-insulating composite piece comprises the first composite structure and is compounded with the flexible fireproof piece to form a third composite structure;

and in the second composite structure and the third composite structure, the flexible fireproof part is positioned at one side of the heat insulation composite part, which is away from the upper cover of the module.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the first composite structure has better high temperature resistance and hot air flow impact resistance due to the fact that the heat-resistant piece and the hot air flow impact resistant piece are combined, and the hot air flow impact resistance of the heat-resistant piece and the hot air flow impact resistant piece is integrated. The second composite structure improves the air flow impact resistance of the heat-resistant piece and the bonding strength and the high temperature resistance of the high temperature resistant material composite piece due to the fact that the heat-resistant piece and the flexible fireproof piece are compounded. The third composite structure is formed by compounding a heat-resistant piece, a flexible fireproof piece and a heat-resistant air impact piece, and the heat-resistant piece material is compounded with the flexible fireproof piece and the heat-resistant air impact piece, so that the air impact resistance and the high temperature resistance are further enhanced.

Further, the first composite structure is a layered composite structure formed by compositing a heat-resistant piece and a heat-resistant airflow impact piece or an embedded composite structure formed by embedding the heat-resistant airflow impact piece into a through hole on the heat-resistant piece; when the first composite structure is an embedded composite structure, the unidirectional exhaust region is positioned on the heat-resistant airflow impact piece;

the second composite structure comprises a layered composite structure formed by compositing a heat-resistant piece and a flexible fireproof piece;

the third composite structure comprises a layered composite structure formed by compositing a flexible fireproof member on one side surface of the first composite structure.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the heat-resistant air flow impact piece is embedded in the through hole of the heat-resistant piece, so that the structural stability of the heat-resistant piece is facilitated, the high temperature resistance of the heat-resistant air flow impact piece is utilized, and the high temperature resistance and the heat air flow impact strength of the first composite structure are further improved.

Further, the heat insulation composite piece further comprises an adhesive film, wherein at least one side surface of the heat insulation composite piece is vacuum-compounded with the adhesive film and is connected with the module upper cover through the adhesive film.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: by providing the adhesive film, the heat-insulating composite member can be adhered to a position to be adhered, the adhesive force and the resistance to thermal airflow shock can be improved, and the heat-resistant member (for example, aerogel) is prevented from falling powder and the like. And the bonding film can ensure that the heat-resistant piece sheet is foldable, ensures certain reliability at the folding bent angle, is favorable for coating the side surface of the whole battery module, and particularly has good protection effect at the corner.

Further, two side surfaces of the first composite structure are vacuum-compounded with adhesive films, and one side surface of the first composite structure is connected with the module upper cover through the adhesive films;

in the second composite structure, two side surfaces of the heat-resistant piece are vacuum-compounded with adhesive films, and the two side surfaces of the heat-resistant piece are respectively connected with the module upper cover and the flexible fireproof piece through the adhesive films;

the bonding films are compounded on two side surfaces of a first composite structure in the third composite structure in vacuum, and the two side surfaces of the first composite structure are connected with the module upper cover and the flexible fireproof piece through the bonding films respectively.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: through the vacuum composite adhesive film on both sides of the composite structure, the structural strength is further improved, and the folding strength of the heat-resistant piece is improved.

Further, the heat insulation composite includes at least one integrally connected folding surface for covering the side surface of the battery module.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: through set up the folding surface on thermal-insulated compound spare, be favorable to carrying out thermal-insulated protection to the side of battery module, carry out more comprehensive parcel to the module, improved the thermal-insulated effect that heat between adjacent module and the module spread.

Further, the unidirectional exhaust area comprises a connecting section and an opening section, the blade is connected with the connecting section, the blade is closed with the opening section through a notch penetrating or partially penetrating the heat insulation composite piece, or is closed through a thickness reduction structure, or is closed through a hot melting structure, and the thickness reduction structure is empty or is filled with glue.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the heat insulation composite piece can directly pass through the notch, and temporary sealing is realized by utilizing contact of the blades at the notch, so that the rapid eruption and discharge of hot air flow are facilitated; the heat insulation composite piece can be thinned at the opening section and the position between the blades, so that the structural strength of the part is weakened, the hot air flow can be broken through the unidirectional exhaust area along the thinning structure, and the missing part of the thinning area of the heat insulation composite piece can be filled with no substances or hot melt adhesive; the heat insulation composite piece can be provided with hollowed-out parts at the opening sections and between the blades, and the hollowed-out parts are filled with the heat fusion structures, so that the heat fusion structures can be melted and opened when being impacted by hot air flow, and after the hot air flow is sprayed out from the unidirectional exhaust area, the heat and impact force of the hot air flow are relatively reduced, and the hot air flow can not reversely enter the battery module from the adjacent heat fusion structures.

Further, the heat insulation composite comprises a multi-layer composite structure, wherein a first blade is connected to a unidirectional exhaust area of at least one layer of the composite structure, and a second blade is connected to unidirectional exhaust areas of the other layers of the composite structures; the unidirectional exhaust area corresponding to the first blade comprises a first connecting section and a first opening section, the unidirectional exhaust area corresponding to the second blade comprises a second connecting section and a second opening section, and the first opening section and the second opening section are arranged in a staggered mode.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the first opening section and the second opening section are mutually staggered to avoid, so that high-temperature airflow is prevented from reversely entering the battery cell.

Further, when the heat insulation composite is disposed on the outer side of the module upper cover, the size of the one-way exhaust area is larger than the size of the exhaust hole.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the size of the unidirectional exhaust area is designed to be larger than the size of the exhaust hole, so that the unidirectional exhaust area can be supported by utilizing the structure around the exhaust hole, and the risk that the incision is not closed tightly due to the fact that the blade falls into the exhaust hole due to self weight is avoided.

Further, the heat insulation composite part and the module upper cover are provided with at least one unidirectional exhaust area and at least one corresponding exhaust hole at the position corresponding to each cell group of the battery module;

All the unidirectional exhaust areas on the heat insulation composite piece are arranged at will, or all the unidirectional exhaust areas on the heat insulation composite piece are arranged in a staggered way along the stacking direction of the battery cell group, or all the unidirectional exhaust areas on the heat insulation composite piece are arranged in one row or multiple rows along the stacking direction of the battery cell group;

the number of the blades at the unidirectional exhaust area is one or more, so that a single-door structure or a multi-door structure is formed, and the unidirectional exhaust area is circular, elliptical or polygonal in shape;

the blade and the unidirectional exhaust area are integrally formed on the heat insulation composite part by punching; or the blades and the heat insulation composite piece are arranged in a split mode, and the blades are stuck to the unidirectional exhaust area of the heat insulation composite piece or connected to the unidirectional exhaust area of the heat insulation composite piece through the connecting piece.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: according to the quantity and distribution positions of the electric cores in the single battery module, corresponding unidirectional exhaust areas with corresponding quantity are correspondingly arranged, and high-temperature gas discharged in any electric core in any position in thermal runaway can be directly discharged to the outside of the battery module through the blades in the corresponding positions, so that the electric core can be reduced to transfer heat to a closely attached heat insulation assembly and an adjacent electric core through a large surface of the electric core, and the requirement on low heat conductivity coefficient of an electric core interval thermal material is effectively reduced. The unidirectional exhaust regions, vanes, etc. of different shapes can be selected as desired.

Further, the heat resistant member comprises aerogel, the thermal airflow shock resistant member comprises silicone rubber, and the flexible fire resistant member comprises mica.

A method of making a thermally insulated composite assembly comprising the steps of: blanking and die-cutting the heat-resistant piece sheet material to form a heat-resistant piece; preparing a heat-resistant airflow impact piece sheet, blanking the heat-resistant airflow impact piece sheet, die-cutting, and then compounding the heat-resistant piece sheet on a heat-resistant piece, and die-cutting to form a unidirectional exhaust area with a non-closed contour to form a first composite structure;

or punching the flexible fireproof piece to form a unidirectional exhaust area with a non-closed contour; the first composite structure is glued with the flexible fireproof piece, so that a unidirectional exhaust area on the first composite structure is overlapped with a unidirectional exhaust area on the flexible fireproof piece, and the first composite structure is shaped;

or blanking and die-cutting the heat-resistant piece sheet material to form a heat-resistant piece, and die-cutting the heat-resistant piece to form a unidirectional exhaust area with a non-closed contour; punching the flexible fireproof piece to form a unidirectional exhaust area with a non-closed contour; and gluing the heat-resistant piece and the flexible fireproof piece to enable the unidirectional exhaust area of the heat-resistant piece to coincide with the second unidirectional exhaust area of the flexible fireproof piece, so as to form a second composite structure.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process and convenience in operation.

Further, adhering adhesive films on two side surfaces of the first composite structure respectively, vacuumizing and heating for preset time, cooling to room temperature, and punching to form a unidirectional exhaust area with a non-closed contour;

or respectively sticking adhesive films on two side surfaces of the heat-resistant piece in the second composite structure, vacuumizing and heating for preset time, cooling to room temperature, and punching to form a unidirectional exhaust area with a non-closed contour.

The beneficial effects of adopting the further scheme are as follows: the formed composite structure is more stable and reliable.

Further, the heat-resistant air-flow impact piece sheet material is compounded on the heat-resistant piece after blanking and die cutting, and specifically comprises the following steps: punching on the heat-resistant member, and embedding the heat-resistant air impact member in the through hole on the heat-resistant member to form a first composite structure.

The battery module comprises a module shell, a battery core stacking body formed by stacking battery cores and the heat-insulating composite component, wherein the battery core stacking body is arranged in the module shell, and the heat-insulating composite component is assembled at the upper end opening of the module shell.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: through at the module upper cover surface or the interior surface cover thermal-insulated compound spare of battery module, to the comparatively weak upper cover position of battery module, can play the thermal effect of separation when other battery module thermal runaway, can also be when the battery module itself takes place thermal runaway, can go out with the directional eruption of the electric core heat that takes place thermal runaway.

A battery pack comprises a plurality of battery modules and a battery pack shell, wherein the battery modules are installed in the battery pack shell.

The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: each battery module in the battery pack can realize the directional eruption of hot air flow, has better effect that separates hot air flow reverse inflow moreover, can effectively delay the speed that battery module thermal runaway in the battery pack spread.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of an insulation composite of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional exploded view of a first embodiment of the insulation composite of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic view of the upper cover structure of the battery module according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view illustrating a heat insulation composite member and an upper cover of a battery module according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a partial enlarged structure of the unidirectional exhaust region of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the insulation composite of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of an insulation composite of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged partial schematic view of the B-B cross-sectional structure of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a construction of a fourth embodiment of an insulation composite of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged partial schematic view of the cross-sectional B-B configuration of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a fifth embodiment of an insulation composite of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged partial schematic view of the cross-sectional structure A-A of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a sixth embodiment of an insulation composite of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a seventh embodiment of an insulation composite of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of an eighth embodiment of a thermal insulation composite according to the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a construction of a ninth embodiment of the insulation composite of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a partial enlarged structure of the unidirectional exhaust region of FIG. 16;

fig. 18 is a schematic structural view of a battery pack according to the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a schematic perspective view of a thermal insulation composite of the present invention with a folded surface;

fig. 20 is a schematic diagram showing a mating structure of a heating plate and a battery cell in a battery module according to a test example of the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a graph showing the voltage variation of the battery module of the first product;

fig. 22 is a graph showing the voltage variation of the battery module of the second product.

In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:

1. a thermal insulation composite; 10. a folding surface; 11. a heat-resistant member; 12. a flexible fire protection member; 13. a thermal airflow shock resistant member; 131. hollow out; 132. a hot melt structure; 133. a thickness reduction structure; 134. a notch; 14. an adhesive film; 15. a blade; 16. a connection section; 17. an opening section; 171. a first open section; 172. a second opening section; 18. a unidirectional exhaust region; 19. a through hole;

2. A battery module; 21. a module upper cover; 22. a lower housing; 23. a front end plate; 24. a rear end plate; 25. an exhaust hole; 26. a battery cell; 27. a heating plate; 28. a positive electrode lead; 29. a negative electrode lead;

3. a battery pack; 31. a battery pack upper cover; 32. a lower box body; 33. a relay; 34. BMS.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 2 and fig. 4 to 20, the heat insulation composite assembly of the present embodiment includes a heat insulation composite 1 and a module upper cover 21, wherein the heat insulation composite 1 is disposed on an inner side or an outer side of the module upper cover 21; at least one exhaust hole 25 is provided on the module upper cover 21 at a position corresponding to at least one cell group of the battery module 2, a unidirectional exhaust area 18 is provided on the heat insulation composite member 1 at a position corresponding to the exhaust hole 25, and each unidirectional exhaust area 18 is connected with a blade 15 of the unidirectional exhaust area 18 for opening or covering the blade 15 of the unidirectional exhaust area 18.

The heat insulation composite 1 in this embodiment is formed by compounding a plurality of refractory materials, and the plurality of refractory materials can adopt a layered composite structure or an embedded composite structure when being compounded. The heat-insulating composite piece is formed by compounding a plurality of refractory materials, so that the performance advantages of different refractory materials can be fully utilized, the heat-insulating fireproof effect can be achieved, and certain structural strength and the like can be achieved.

The thickness of the insulation composite 1 of this embodiment is 0.5-5mm, specifically 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, 5mm, etc. may be selected.

According to the embodiment, the heat-insulating composite piece is arranged on the upper cover of the module, the unidirectional exhaust area is formed on the heat-insulating composite piece, the blades are arranged at the unidirectional exhaust area to form the unidirectional door structure, when the heat-insulating composite piece is applied to the battery module, only the blades are allowed to be opened in a specific direction to form the exhaust channel, so that high-temperature air uniformly and unidirectionally passes through the exhaust channel of the battery module from inside to outside, and high-temperature air flows from inside the battery module to outside the battery module and can only go out and can not go in, and therefore, the high-temperature air can be diffused to a clean space in the battery pack and then released outside the battery pack through the explosion-proof valve; the part of the heat insulation composite piece, which is not provided with the unidirectional exhaust area, can also play a role in heat insulation, and high-temperature gas outside the battery module cannot reversely pass through the unidirectional exhaust area, so that the high-temperature gas cannot enter the adjacent battery module, and the battery cell, which is not out of control, of the module is prevented from playing a certain role in heat insulation protection for other modules.

The present embodiment provides three different composite structures, each as follows:

The heat insulation composite member 1 comprises a heat-resistant member 11 and a heat-resistant air impact member 13 which are compounded to form a first composite structure, wherein the first composite structure is a layered composite structure formed by compounding the heat-resistant member 11 and the heat-resistant air impact member 13 or an embedded composite structure formed by embedding the heat-resistant air impact member 13 in a through hole 19 on the heat-resistant member 11; when the first composite structure is an embedded composite structure, the unidirectional exhaust region 18 is located on the thermal airflow shock resistant member 13; the first composite structure has better high temperature resistance and hot air flow impact resistance due to the combination of the heat-resistant piece 11 and the hot air flow impact-resistant piece 13, and combines the heat resistance and the hot air flow impact resistance of the hot air flow impact-resistant piece.

The heat insulation composite member 1 comprises a heat-resistant member 11 and a flexible fireproof member 12 which are compounded to form a second composite structure, and the second composite structure comprises a layered composite structure formed by compounding the heat-resistant member 11 and the flexible fireproof member 12; the second composite structure improves the air flow impact resistance of the heat-resistant piece and the bonding strength and the high temperature resistance of the high temperature resistant material composite piece due to the fact that the heat-resistant piece and the flexible fireproof piece are compounded.

The heat insulation composite member 1 comprises a first composite structure and a flexible fireproof member 12, and is combined with the first composite structure to form a third composite structure, wherein the third composite structure comprises a layered composite structure formed by combining the flexible fireproof member 12 on one side surface of the first composite structure; the third composite structure is formed by compounding a heat-resistant piece, a flexible fireproof piece and a heat-resistant air impact piece, and the heat-resistant piece material is compounded with the flexible fireproof piece and the heat-resistant air impact piece, so that the air impact resistance and the high temperature resistance are further enhanced.

Wherein, in the second composite structure and the third composite structure, the flexible fireproof member 12 is located at a side of the heat insulation composite member 1 facing away from the module upper cover 21.

Of the three composite structures described above, the present embodiment provides an alternative refractory material, the heat resistant member 11 comprises aerogel, the thermal airflow shock resistant member 13 comprises silicone rubber, and the flexible fireproof member 12 comprises mica. The heat-resistant piece can further comprise super cotton and silicon foam, the airflow shock resistant piece can further comprise ceramic rubber, and the flexible fireproof material can further comprise glass fiber cloth and the like.

In this embodiment, an adhesive film 14 may be added to at least one side surface of the heat insulation composite 1, and the heat insulation composite may be connected to the module upper cover 21 via the adhesive film 14. The adhesive film can be one or a combination of a plurality of PE film, PET film, PC film PP, PC film, PS film and the like. By providing the adhesive film, the heat-insulating composite member can be adhered to a position to be adhered, the adhesive force and the resistance to thermal airflow shock can be improved, and the heat-resistant member (for example, aerogel) is prevented from falling powder and the like. And the bonding film can ensure that the heat-resistant piece sheet is foldable, ensures certain reliability at the folding bent angle, is favorable for coating the side surface of the whole battery module, and particularly has good protection effect at the corner.

In particular to three composite structures, the two side surfaces of the first composite structure can be vacuum-compounded with the adhesive film 14, and one side surface of the first composite structure is connected with the module upper cover 21 through the adhesive film 14; in the second composite structure, the two side surfaces of the heat-resistant member 11 are vacuum-compounded with adhesive films 14, and the two side surfaces of the heat-resistant member 11 are respectively connected with the module upper cover 21 and the flexible fireproof member 12 through the adhesive films 14; the two sides of the first composite structure in the third composite structure are vacuum-compounded with adhesive films 14, and the two sides of the first composite structure are respectively connected with the module upper cover 21 and the flexible fireproof piece 12 through the adhesive films 14. Through the vacuum composite adhesive film on both sides of the composite structure, the structural strength is further improved, and the folding strength of the heat-resistant piece is improved.

As shown in fig. 19, the heat insulation composite 1 of the present embodiment includes at least one integrally connected folding surface 10, and the folding surface 10 is used for covering the side surface of the battery module 2, so that the heat insulation protection of the side surface of the battery module is facilitated by providing the folding surface on the heat insulation composite. The heat insulating composite 1 may be used to cover not only the module upper cover but also at least one side of the module upper cover 21 and the battery module 2. The folding surfaces 10 can be arranged on each side of the heat insulation composite 1, one or more folding surfaces 10 can be arranged at will, and fig. 20 shows the heat insulation composite 1 with four folding surfaces 10, so that the module upper cover 21 and four sides of the battery module 2 can be protected, the modules can be more comprehensively wrapped, and the heat insulation effect of heat spreading between adjacent modules is improved.

According to the embodiment, according to the number and distribution positions of the electric cores in the single battery module, corresponding unidirectional exhaust areas with corresponding numbers are correspondingly arranged, and high-temperature gas discharged in any electric core in any position in thermal runaway can be directly discharged to the outside of the battery module through the blades in the corresponding positions, so that the electric cores can be reduced to transfer heat to the closely attached heat insulation assembly and the adjacent electric cores through the large surfaces of the electric cores, and the requirement on low heat conductivity coefficient of the electric core interval thermal material is effectively reduced. The high temperature gas outside the battery module cannot pass through the unidirectional exhaust region in the reverse direction, and thus cannot enter the inside of the adjacent battery module.

The blades of the unidirectional exhaust area 18 in this embodiment may adopt a single-door structure or a multi-door structure, and the unidirectional exhaust area is of a polygonal structure or a circular structure or an oval structure, and correspondingly, the exhaust holes 25 formed in the upper cover 21 of the module housing are of a polygonal structure or a circular structure or an oval structure. Specifically, the blade can adopt a single-door structure or a double-door structure or a sheet structure with three or more sheets arranged in the heat diffusion opening. The blade and the one-way exhaust region form notched medial surface can adopt vertical face contact, also can adopt the inclined plane contact, and vertical face contact is convenient for shaping, and inclined plane contact can avoid the door type structure to drop and overlap joint in electric core banding department from the exhaust hole of one-way exhaust region department.

As shown in fig. 1, the unidirectional exhaust region 18 of the present embodiment includes a connection section 16 and an opening section 17, where the blade 15 is connected to the connection section 16, and the blade 15 and the opening section 17 are closed by a notch 134 penetrating or partially penetrating the insulation composite 1, or by a thickness-reducing structure 133, or by a hot-melt structure 132, and the thickness-reducing structure 133 is empty or filled with glue. The heat insulation composite piece can directly pass through the notch, and temporary sealing is realized by utilizing contact of the blades at the notch, so that the rapid eruption and discharge of hot air flow are facilitated; the heat insulation composite piece can be thinned at the opening section and the position between the blades, so that the structural strength of the part is weakened, the hot air flow can be broken through the unidirectional exhaust area along the thinning structure, and the missing part of the thinning area of the heat insulation composite piece can be filled with no substances or hot melt adhesive; the heat insulation composite member can be provided with the hollow 131 at the opening section and between the blades, the hollow 131 is filled with the hot melting structure, when the hot melting structure is impacted by hot air flow, the hot melting structure can be melted and opened, after the hot air flow is sprayed out from the unidirectional exhaust area, the heat and impact force of the hot air flow are relatively reduced, and the hot air cannot reversely enter the battery module from the adjacent hot melting structure.

This embodiment provides the following specific embodiments of the insulation composite for the arrangement of the unidirectional exhaust region 18.

The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the slit 134 penetrating the heat insulation composite 1 is punched directly on the heat insulation composite 1, the slit shape may be in the shape of brackets + lines to form a double door vane shape, as shown in fig. 1, the slit 134 is in a closed form having no slit or little slit, and the vane 15 may be closed by the slit 134 in contact with the opened section 17 of the unidirectional exhaust region 18 of the heat insulation composite 1. When thermal runaway of the cell occurs, the blade 15 may be opened directly along the slit opening 134. And because the adjacent blades which do not generate thermal runaway are closely attached to the upper cover of the module shell, the reverse entering of hot air flow into the battery module from the adjacent blade cuts is avoided.

The second embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 6, the blade and the notch are formed in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and small notches can be formed at the edge of the blade and the edge of the opening section, so that the rapid implementation of directional burst is facilitated.

And a third specific embodiment: as shown in fig. 7 and 8, an opening section 17 is punched on the first composite structure, the opening section 17 is a hollow 131 with a slit in an opening form, then an adhesive film is stuck on the first composite structure, and the opening section is not provided on the adhesive film, that is, the adhesive film is a complete surface structure, and the opening section 17 with the hollow 131 is closed by the adhesive film. When the thermal runaway of the battery core occurs, hot air flow is directly sprayed out from the hollow 131 of the opening section 17, so that the adhesive film is melted. And it is difficult to enter the battery module from the adjacent blade slits because of the great reduction in heat and firing rate when the hot air stream is fired.

The specific embodiment IV is as follows: as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the blade and the slit are formed in the same manner as in the third embodiment, and the hollow 131 of the opening section may be filled with a heat-fusible structure, so that the entry into the battery module from the adjacent blade slit is further prevented.

Fifth embodiment: as shown in fig. 11 and 12, on the basis of the first embodiment, a thickness reduction structure 133 is provided on the first composite structure such that the thickness reduction structure 133 is located on both sides of the opening section 17. When thermal runaway of the cell occurs, a hot gas stream is ejected from the reduced thickness structure 133, making directional ejection of thermal runaway easier.

Specific embodiment six: as shown in fig. 13, the shape of the opening section of the unidirectional exhaust region 18 may be set to a bidirectional arrow shape on the basis of the first embodiment.

Seventh embodiment: as shown in fig. 14, on the basis of the first embodiment, the shape of the opening section of the unidirectional exhaust region 18 may be set to a laterally laid i-shape.

Eighth embodiment: as shown in fig. 15, on the basis of the first embodiment, the shape of the opening section of the one-way exhaust region 18 may be set to a polygonal shape.

Detailed description nine: as shown in fig. 16 and 17, for the third composite structure, a first blade is die-cut on the first composite structure, a second blade is die-cut on the flexible fireproof member 12, that is, the first blade is connected to the unidirectional air discharge area 18 of the first composite structure, and the second blade is connected to the unidirectional air discharge area 18 of the flexible fireproof member 12; the unidirectional air discharge area 18 of the first composite structure comprises a first connecting section and a first opening section 171, the unidirectional air discharge area 18 of the flexible fireproof member 12 comprises a second connecting section and a second opening section 172, and the first opening section 171 and the second opening section 172 are arranged in a staggered manner. Specifically, as shown in fig. 17, the first opening section 171 may be further configured in the shape of the foregoing embodiment, the middle door seam of the second opening section 172 is configured as a folded line, and the second blade of the flexible fireproof member 12 is also configured with a second opening section in the form of a notch, so that the second opening section and the first opening section 171 are staggered, thereby avoiding the hot air flow from reversely penetrating into the battery module, and also facilitating the flushing and the discharging of the hot air flow from the flexible fireproof member 12.

The outline shape of the unidirectional exhaust region 18 of the present embodiment includes, but is not limited to, elliptical, circular, hexagonal, H-shaped, i-shaped, square, and the like. The object of the invention can also be achieved by designing the one-way exhaust valve structure with different structural outlines on different implementation objects or by performing any superposition combination.

Wherein, the heat insulation composite 1 and the module upper cover 21 of the present embodiment are provided with at least one unidirectional exhaust area 18 and at least one corresponding exhaust hole 25 at the position corresponding to each cell group of the battery module 2; according to the number and distribution positions of the electric cores in the single battery module 2, corresponding unidirectional exhaust areas with corresponding numbers are correspondingly arranged, and high-temperature gas discharged in any electric core in any position in thermal runaway can be directly discharged to the outside of the battery module through the blades in the corresponding positions, so that the electric cores can be reduced to transfer heat to the closely attached heat insulation assembly and the adjacent electric cores through the large surfaces of the electric cores, and the requirement on low heat conductivity coefficient of the electric core interval thermal material is effectively reduced. The unidirectional exhaust regions 18, vanes, etc. may be selected in different shapes as desired.

All the unidirectional exhaust areas 18 on the heat insulation composite member 1 are arranged at will, or all the unidirectional exhaust areas 18 on the heat insulation composite member 1 are arranged in a staggered manner along the stacking direction of the battery cell group, or all the unidirectional exhaust areas 18 on the heat insulation composite member 1 are arranged in one row or a plurality of rows along the stacking direction of the battery cell group;

The number of the blades 15 at the unidirectional exhaust area 18 is one or more to form a single-door structure or a multi-door structure, and the unidirectional exhaust area 18 is circular, elliptical or polygonal in shape;

the blades 15 and the unidirectional exhaust area 18 are integrally formed on the heat insulation composite 1 by punching; or the blades 15 are arranged separately from the heat insulation composite 1, and the blades 15 are stuck at the unidirectional exhaust area 18 of the heat insulation composite 1 or connected at the unidirectional exhaust area 18 of the heat insulation composite 1 through a connecting piece.

In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, when the heat insulation composite 1 is disposed on the outer side of the module upper cover 21, the size of the unidirectional air discharge area 18 is larger than the size of the air discharge hole, that is, the contour of the unidirectional air discharge area 18 exceeds the contour of the air discharge hole 25 of the upper cover 21. The size of the unidirectional exhaust area is designed to be larger than the size of the exhaust hole, so that the unidirectional exhaust area can be supported by utilizing the structure around the exhaust hole, and the risk that the incision is not closed tightly due to the fact that the blade falls into the exhaust hole due to self weight is avoided.

The preparation method of the heat insulation composite component comprises the following steps: blanking and die-cutting the heat-resistant piece sheet material to form a heat-resistant piece 11; preparing a heat-resistant air impact piece sheet, blanking the heat-resistant air impact piece sheet, die-cutting, compositing the heat-resistant piece sheet on the heat-resistant piece 11, and die-cutting to form a unidirectional exhaust area 18 with a non-closed contour to form a first composite structure;

Alternatively, the flexible fire protection member 12 is die cut to form a non-closed profile unidirectional venting region 18; a third composite structure formed by adhering the first composite structure to the flexible fireproof member 12 so that the unidirectional exhaust region 18 on the first composite structure coincides with the unidirectional exhaust region 18 on the flexible fireproof member 12;

or, blanking and die-cutting the heat-resistant piece sheet material to form a heat-resistant piece 11, and die-cutting the heat-resistant piece 11 to form a unidirectional exhaust area 18 with a non-closed contour; punching the flexible fire protection 12 to form a non-closed profile unidirectional venting region 18; the heat-resistant member 11 is glued to the flexible fireproof member 12 such that the unidirectional exhaust region 18 of the heat-resistant member 11 coincides with the unidirectional exhaust region 18 of the flexible fireproof member 12, forming a second composite structure.

Further, adhering adhesive films 14 on two sides of the first composite structure, vacuumizing and heating for a preset time, cooling to room temperature, and punching to form a unidirectional exhaust area 18 with a non-closed contour;

or, adhering adhesive films 14 on two side surfaces of the heat-resistant piece 11 in the second composite structure, vacuumizing and heating for a preset time, cooling to room temperature, and punching to form a unidirectional exhaust area 18 with a non-closed contour.

Specifically, the first composite structure can be vacuumized and pressurized to 3-9MPa, and heated to 150-220 ℃ and kept for 2-8 minutes, so that the formed first composite structure is more stable and reliable.

Further, the heat-resistant airflow impact piece sheet is compounded on the heat-resistant piece after blanking and die cutting, and specifically comprises the following steps: the heat resistant member is punched and the heat resistant air impact member is fitted into the through hole 19 in the heat resistant member to form a first composite structure.

According to the embodiment, the heat insulation composite component is arranged, so that high-temperature air in the battery module can pass through the unidirectional exhaust area from inside to outside, and the high-temperature air can flow out of the battery module only and does not flow out of the battery module, so that the high-temperature air flows into the clean space in the battery pack and then is released out of the battery pack through the explosion-proof valve. According to the battery module, the number and the distribution positions of the battery cells in the battery module can be correspondingly set, a plurality of unidirectional exhaust areas can be correspondingly set, and high-temperature hot air discharged by the initial thermal runaway battery cells can be directly discharged to the outside of the battery module through the unidirectional exhaust areas, so that the heat transfer from the battery cells to the heat insulation assembly and the adjacent battery cells which are closely attached through the large surfaces of the battery cells can be reduced, and the requirement on low heat conductivity coefficient of the battery cell interval thermal material is effectively reduced. The high-temperature gas outside the battery cell module cannot pass through the unidirectional exhaust area of the adjacent module, so that the external high-temperature gas cannot enter the battery module to thermally trigger the thermal runaway of the battery cell. The heat-insulating composite member has better high-temperature resistance and hot air flow impact resistance, and as the bonding film, the heat-resistant member, the hot air flow impact resistant member and the flexible fireproof member are compounded, the advantages of each fireproof material are integrated, and the bonding strength, the high-temperature resistance and the hot air flow impact resistance of the high-temperature-resistant material composite member are improved.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 1 to 17, a battery module of the present embodiment includes a module housing, a cell stack formed by stacking cells 26, and the heat insulation composite assembly, wherein the cell stack is disposed in the module housing, and the heat insulation composite assembly is assembled at an upper end opening of the module housing. The number of the unidirectional exhaust regions 18 may be greater than the number of the exhaust holes 25, or the unidirectional exhaust regions may be the same in number and arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. Through the upper cover surface cover thermal-insulated compound piece at battery module, to the comparatively weak upper cover position of battery module, can play the thermal effect of separation when other battery module thermal runaway, can also take place thermal runaway when battery module self, can go out with the directional eruption of the electric core heat that takes place thermal runaway.

The module housing of the present embodiment further includes a lower housing 22, a front end plate 23 and a rear end plate 24, the front end plate 23 and the rear end plate 24 being mounted at front and rear ends of the lower housing 22, respectively, as shown in fig. 4.

In this embodiment, the heat insulation composite member 1 may be fixed on the outer surface or the inner surface of the upper cover 21 of the battery module by means of gluing, two sides of the edge of the heat insulation composite member 1 may be mechanically fixed in corresponding fixing holes on the front end plate and the rear end plate of the module housing by means of a buckle or a bolt, and the long-term stable fixation of the heat insulation composite member on the outer surface of the upper cover of the battery module may be ensured by means of gluing and mechanically fixing the heat insulation composite member by means of the buckle or the bolt.

The battery module upper cover exhaust hole distribution position of this embodiment corresponds the electric core and arranges the position, arrange along battery module length direction and width direction respectively, and the arrangement mode can be linear arrangement or circumference and the like, and the exhaust hole possesses certain interval each other, wholly forms "cellular" structure for every electric core is in the time of taking place thermal runaway all can be smooth direct gas flow direction through the top exhaust hole and the one-way exhaust area of top exhaust to the outside of module, thereby can effectively reduce the electric core and pass through the thermal-insulated subassembly and the adjacent electric core that self big face will heat transfer to hug closely, has delayed module thermal runaway and has spread the speed.

When the battery module is out of control, high-temperature gas in the battery module flows to the exhaust hole of the upper cover and passes through the exhaust hole, and then the high-temperature gas pushes up the blades of the unidirectional exhaust area of the upper heat insulation composite part, and after the blades are turned up and turned over, the battery module forms an exhaust channel which is internally and externally communicated, and the high-temperature gas enters the outside of the battery module from the exhaust channel; the blades of the unidirectional exhaust areas of the battery modules cannot be folded downwards due to the limitation of the battery module top covers at the bottoms of the battery modules, so that the blades cannot be opened to form a through structure, the exhaust channels are not communicated, external high-temperature hot air cannot reversely enter the battery modules through the unidirectional exhaust areas, and the protection of the battery modules from direct thermal shock of the external high-temperature hot air is realized. When the thermal runaway battery module and the battery core are exhausted from inside to outside, the blades of the unidirectional exhaust area are reset and closed, so that the unidirectional exhaust channel is closed.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 18, a battery pack 3 of the present embodiment includes a plurality of battery modules 2 according to embodiment 2, and further includes a battery pack case in which a plurality of battery modules 2 are mounted. Each battery module in the battery pack can realize the directional eruption of hot air flow, has better effect that separates hot air flow reverse inflow moreover, can effectively delay the speed that battery module thermal runaway in the battery pack spread.

As shown in fig. 18, the battery pack housing of the present embodiment includes a battery pack upper cover 31 and a lower case 32, the battery pack upper cover 31 is detachably mounted on the top of the lower case 32, the battery pack upper cover 31 and the lower case 32 are cooperatively connected to form a cavity having a plurality of battery modules 2, relays 33 and BMS34, and a plurality of battery modules 2 are respectively mounted in the lower case 32 and are connected to the surface of the liquid cooling plate of the lower case 32 by bolts.

Test examples

Product one: the battery module is provided with the heat insulation composite assembly in the first embodiment of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

And (2) a second product: the battery module was not provided with the heat insulation composite assembly according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

The battery modules of the first product and the second product are 3 parallel+8 series (3P 8S) modules, and a total of 24 battery cells trigger thermal runaway in pack.

According to the national standard GB38031-2020 test standard, pack is fully charged to 100% SOC, a heating trigger core is adopted to generate thermal runaway, the single energy of the triggered core is 276wh, and the heating power of a heating plate is 278W, so that the national standard requirement is met.

Triggering process of cell thermal runaway: as shown in fig. 20, 220V ac is applied to the heating plate 27, one side of the heating plate 27 is tightly attached to the battery core 26, the heating plate 27 is connected with a positive electrode lead 28 and a negative electrode lead 29, the battery core 26 is gradually heated by gradually increasing the temperature of a certain heating power, when the temperature of the battery core 26 reaches a certain degree (thermal runaway temperature), the battery core 26 is thermally out of control, according to the thermal runaway trigger judgment conditions recommended in national standard GB38031-2020, when the monitoring device monitors that the thermal runaway trigger judgment conditions are met, the battery core 26 is judged to be thermally out of control, the heating power of the heating plate is immediately cut off at this time, and the heating plate 27 immediately stops heating. The time is recorded from the start of the energization of the heating plate 27 to the occurrence of thermal runaway of the battery cell 26, and the time during which the heating power supply is turned off is the heating-runaway time.

During thermal runaway of product one, the voltage and time interval are shown in table 1 and fig. 21. In fig. 21, the ordinate indicates the total die set pressure, and the abscissa indicates the beijing time. As can be seen from table 2 and fig. 21, the heating-runaway time from the start of the thermal runaway to the occurrence of the thermal runaway of the first series of cells was 2min48s, the thermal runaway mode was 1+1+1+1+1+1+1, i.e., the thermal runaway in the form of gradient, beijing time of failure T of the battery module _{Module group} As shown in fig. 21, the failure of the module means that the total voltage of the module was reduced to 0, and the failure time of the entire battery module was 8min33s.

TABLE 1 product-Voltage and time interval Meter during thermal runaway

The voltage and time interval during thermal runaway of product two are shown in table 2 and fig. 22. In fig. 22, the ordinate indicates the total die set pressure, and the abscissa indicates the beijing time. As can be seen from table 2 and fig. 22, the heating-runaway time from the start of the thermal runaway to the occurrence of thermal runaway of the first series of cells was 2min38s, the thermal runaway mode was 1+1+6,the third string of battery cells generate strong impact when in thermal runaway, and the Beijing time T of failure of the battery module _{Module group} As shown in fig. 22, the module failure means that the total module voltage was reduced to 0, the failure time of the entire battery module was 1min5s, and the pack failure time was 1min13s.

TABLE 2 Voltage and time interval Meter during product two thermal runaway

As can be seen from tables 1, 2 and fig. 21 and 22, according to the first product of the present invention, the time from the start of the thermal runaway to the start of the thermal runaway of the first series of cells is shortened, and the other cells are in the form of gradient thermal runaway, so that strong impact is not generated, components such as the voltage collecting line are not easily affected by thermal shock, electric arcs are not generated, and the failure time of the whole battery module is greatly prolonged.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "vertical," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.

In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.

In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.

While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The heat-insulating composite assembly is characterized by comprising a heat-insulating composite piece (1) and a module upper cover (21), wherein the heat-insulating composite piece (1) is arranged on the inner side surface or the outer side surface of the module upper cover (21); at least one exhaust hole (25) is formed in the module upper cover (21) at a position corresponding to at least one cell group of the battery module (2), a unidirectional exhaust area (18) is formed in the heat insulation composite piece (1) at a position corresponding to the exhaust hole (25), and a blade (15) for opening or covering the unidirectional exhaust area (18) is connected to each unidirectional exhaust area (18);

the unidirectional exhaust region (18) comprises a connecting section (16) and an opening section (17), the blade (15) is connected with the connecting section (16), the blade (15) and the opening section (17) are closed by a notch (134) penetrating or partially penetrating the heat insulation composite (1), or by a thickness reduction structure (133), or by a hot melting structure (132), and the thickness reduction structure (133) is empty or injected with glue;

The heat insulation composite assembly comprises a multi-layer composite structure, wherein a first blade is connected to a unidirectional exhaust area (18) of at least one layer of the composite structure, and a second blade is connected to unidirectional exhaust areas (18) of the rest layers of the composite structures; the unidirectional exhaust area (18) corresponding to the first blade comprises a first connecting section and a first opening section (171), the unidirectional exhaust area (18) corresponding to the second blade comprises a second connecting section and a second opening section (172), and the first opening section (171) and the second opening section (172) are arranged in a staggered mode.

2. A heat insulating composite assembly according to claim 1, wherein the heat insulating composite (1) is made of a plurality of refractory materials.

3. A heat insulating composite assembly according to claim 2, wherein the heat insulating composite (1) comprises a heat resistant member (11) and a heat and air impact resistant member (13) combined to form a first composite structure, or wherein the heat insulating composite (1) comprises a heat resistant member (11) and a flexible fire resistant member (12) combined to form a second composite structure, or wherein the heat insulating composite (1) comprises the first composite structure and is combined with the flexible fire resistant member (12) to form a third composite structure;

wherein, in the second composite structure and the third composite structure, the flexible fireproof member (12) is located at one side of the heat insulation composite member (1) away from the module upper cover (21).

4. A heat insulation composite assembly according to claim 3, wherein the first composite structure is a layered composite structure formed by compositing a heat-resistant member (11) and a heat-resistant air impact member (13) or an embedded composite structure formed by embedding the heat-resistant air impact member (13) in a through hole (19) on the heat-resistant member (11); when the first composite structure is an embedded composite structure, the unidirectional exhaust region (18) is positioned on the thermal airflow shock resistant member (13);

the second composite structure comprises a layered composite structure formed by compositing a heat-resistant piece (11) and a flexible fireproof piece (12);

the third composite structure comprises a layered composite structure formed by compositing a flexible fireproof member (12) on one side of the first composite structure.

5. A heat insulating composite assembly according to claim 3, wherein the heat insulating composite (1) further comprises an adhesive film (14), and wherein at least one side of the heat insulating composite (1) is vacuum-laminated with the adhesive film (14) and is connected to the module upper cover (21) via the adhesive film (14).

6. A heat-insulating composite assembly according to claim 3, wherein the two sides of the first composite structure are vacuum-composited with adhesive films (14), and one side of the first composite structure is connected with the module upper cover (21) through the adhesive films (14);

In the second composite structure, bonding films (14) are vacuum-compounded on two side surfaces of the heat-resistant piece (11), and the two side surfaces of the heat-resistant piece (11) are respectively connected with the module upper cover (21) and the flexible fireproof piece (12) through the bonding films (14);

the two side surfaces of the first composite structure in the third composite structure are vacuum-composited with the adhesive films (14), and the two side surfaces of the first composite structure are respectively connected with the module upper cover (21) and the flexible fireproof piece (12) through the adhesive films (14).

7. A heat insulating composite assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the heat insulating composite (1) comprises at least one integrally connected folded surface (10), the folded surface (10) being intended to cover the side of the battery module (2).

8. A heat insulating composite assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the size of the unidirectional exhaust region (18) is larger than the size of the exhaust hole (25) when the heat insulating composite (1) is disposed on the outer side of the module upper cover (21).

9. A heat insulation composite assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the heat insulation composite (1) and the module cover are provided with at least one unidirectional exhaust region (18) and at least one corresponding exhaust hole at the position corresponding to each cell group of the battery module (2);

All the unidirectional exhaust areas (18) on the heat insulation composite member (1) are arranged at will, or all the unidirectional exhaust areas (18) on the heat insulation composite member (1) are arranged in a staggered manner along the stacking direction of the battery cell group, or all the unidirectional exhaust areas (18) on the heat insulation composite member (1) are arranged in one row or a plurality of rows along the stacking direction of the battery cell group;

the number of the blades (15) at the unidirectional exhaust area (18) is one or more to form a single-door structure or a multi-door structure, and the unidirectional exhaust area (18) is circular, elliptical or polygonal;

the blade (15) and the unidirectional exhaust area (18) are integrally formed on the heat insulation composite (1) by punching; or the blades (15) and the heat insulation composite (1) are arranged in a split mode, and the blades (15) are stuck to the unidirectional exhaust area (18) of the heat insulation composite (1) or are connected to the unidirectional exhaust area (18) of the heat insulation composite (1) through connecting pieces.

10. A thermal insulation composite assembly according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the heat resistant member (11) comprises aerogel, the thermal airflow shock resistant member (13) comprises silicone rubber, and the flexible fire resistant member (12) comprises mica.

11. A method of making a thermal insulation composite assembly according to any one of claims 3 to 10, comprising the steps of: blanking and die-cutting the heat-resistant piece sheet material to form a heat-resistant piece (11); preparing a heat-resistant air impact piece sheet, blanking the heat-resistant air impact piece sheet, die-cutting, compositing the heat-resistant piece sheet on a heat-resistant piece (11), and die-cutting to form a unidirectional exhaust area (18) with a non-closed contour to form a first composite structure;

or, punching the flexible fire protection member (12) to form a unidirectional venting area (18) with a non-closed profile; a third composite structure formed by adhering the first composite structure to the flexible fireproof member (12) to enable the unidirectional exhaust area (18) on the first composite structure to coincide with the unidirectional exhaust area (18) on the flexible fireproof member (12);

or, blanking and die-cutting the heat-resistant piece sheet material to form a heat-resistant piece (11), and die-cutting the heat-resistant piece (11) to form a unidirectional exhaust area (18) with a non-closed contour; punching a flexible fire protection member (12) to form a unidirectional venting area (18) having a non-closed profile; and (3) gluing the heat-resistant piece (11) and the flexible fireproof piece (12) to enable the unidirectional exhaust area (18) of the heat-resistant piece (11) to coincide with the unidirectional exhaust area (18) of the flexible fireproof piece (12) so as to form a second composite structure.

12. The method for preparing the heat-insulating composite assembly according to claim 11, wherein adhesive films (14) are respectively adhered to two side surfaces of the first composite structure, the first composite structure is vacuumized and heated for a preset time, and after the first composite structure is cooled to room temperature, a unidirectional exhaust area (18) with a non-closed contour is formed by punching;

Or, adhering adhesive films (14) on two sides of the heat-resistant piece (11) in the second composite structure respectively, vacuumizing and heating for a preset time, cooling to room temperature, and punching to form a unidirectional exhaust area (18) with a non-closed contour.

13. The method for preparing the heat-insulating composite assembly according to claim 11, wherein the heat-resistant air-impact piece sheet is die-cut and then is compounded on the heat-resistant piece (11), and the method specifically comprises the following steps: punching a heat-resistant piece (11), and embedding a heat-resistant airflow impact piece (13) into a through hole (19) on the heat-resistant piece (11) to form a first composite structure.

14. A battery module, characterized by comprising a module housing, a cell stack body formed by stacking cells (26), and the heat-insulating composite assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the cell stack body is disposed in the module housing, and the heat-insulating composite assembly is assembled at an upper end opening of the module housing.

15. A battery pack comprising a plurality of battery modules (2) as claimed in claim 14, and further comprising a battery pack case in which a plurality of the battery modules (2) are mounted.