CN213481219U - Portable rock mass structural plane roughness profile measuring instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a portable rock mass structural plane roughness profile measuring apparatu belongs to the geotechnical engineering field. The contact transfer device is adopted to convert the fluctuation state of the wall surface trace into measurable indexes (trace elongation lt and fluctuation range RY), and the dense contacts are utilized to transfer the fluctuation state of the structural surface, so that the fluctuation angle, the elongation and the fluctuation range of the structural surface fluctuation trace can be rapidly measured, and the roughness coefficient JRC of the rock structural surface can be directly estimated. The utility model discloses measuring method is simple, easy operation, and repeatability is strong, and realizes trace face automatic re-setting, and the multiple measurement of being convenient for need not to carry out later stage profile surface trace length calculation and analysis, improves the collection efficiency of structural plane fluctuation state index data greatly. The method is suitable for measuring and analyzing various large rock mass structural plane fluctuation form indexes, particularly for stability analysis of rock slopes and research on rock mass shear strength characteristics, and is strong in anti-interference capability, simple, convenient and rapid in measuring method and strong in universality.

Description

Portable rock mass structural plane roughness profile measuring instrument

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a portable rock mass structural plane roughness profile measuring apparatu especially is used for the research of rock mass structural plane shear strength characteristic, especially has obvious advantage to the direct measurement of on-the-spot large-scale rock matter slope structural plane roughness, belongs to geotechnical engineering on-the-spot structural plane roughness measuring apparatu equipment field.

Background

The rock mass structural plane is an important factor for controlling the stability of the rock slope. When the stability of the rock slope is analyzed, the accuracy of the value of the shear strength parameter of the rock structural plane has a crucial influence on the stability evaluation result. The mechanical habit of the rock structural surface is a function of common characteristics of the structural surface relief form and the micro roughness, the structural surface roughness coefficient JRC is quantitative expression of the structural surface form characteristics, and the roughness coefficient can embody the basic characteristics of the structural surface form. Meanwhile, the structural surface roughness coefficient JRC and the shear strength have good consistency, and under the same test condition, when the properties of rock walls on two sides of the structural surface are similar, the shear strength of the structural surface sample is determined by the self rough and fluctuant properties of the surface of the structural surface. The surface morphology of the structural surface can be divided into three grades, namely a macroscopic geometric profile, a surface relief morphology and a microscopic roughness, wherein the surface relief morphology is decisive for the mechanical properties of the structural surface. Therefore, the basic characteristics of the surface form of the structural surface are mainly considered in the research on the basic characteristics of the surface relief form, the description indexes include a climbing angle (or a relief angle), a relative relief difference, an elongation and the like, in order to accurately obtain the surface form of the structural surface of the on-site rock mass, people often adopt a hand-drawing instrument or a simple profile profiler to measure the surface contour line of the structural surface to represent the relief state of the structural surface, and then compare the measured contour line with a roughness ruler proposed by Barton to convert the roughness coefficient JRC of the structural surface through post-processing, but the determination of the roughness coefficient of the structural surface through the measured values of the relative relief and the elongation cannot be avoided. A great deal of research is already done before how to convert the measurement result into the structural surface roughness coefficient JRC, but research and development for field measurement equipment or instruments is fresh, most of the research and development still continues to use the traditional trace tracing method, the method is greatly influenced by weather and human factors, the requirements of field actual measurement cannot be met, and a data acquisition instrument which is convenient, applicable and strong in interference resistance is urgently needed.

The utility model patent with application number CN201911400521.5 introduces an indoor object surface roughness profile measuring equipment, can realize that indoor object surface profile and roughness measure one by one simultaneously, but it is unable to be used for outdoor on-the-spot actual measurement as an indoor bench-type measuring device.

The utility model patent application No. CN202010275660.6 describes a wide range roughness profile meter, which realizes the wide range and high precision measurement of roughness and profile, but is still only suitable for the measurement of indoor object surface.

The embodiment of the utility model with the application number of CN201810761525.5 provides a rock mass structural plane roughness coefficient full-area searching and measuring method, and an intelligent analysis means is provided for the processing of on-site sampling data.

Xujian et al (2008) consider that the simple profile plane has good applicability in measuring the surface contour line of the structural plane of any wild occurrence, so that the measurement result of the JRC has good reliability and credibility from the statistical perspective, but the surface contour trace of the JRC needs to be drawn on a drawing, the measurement efficiency is low, and the data post-processing is difficult.

In summary, the currently developed object surface roughness measurement apparatus mainly has several problems: (1) most of the measurement methods aim at the surface roughness profile of an indoor object, and the measurement method is large in size and not beneficial to field measurement; (2) the measurement index is considered singly, and the fluctuation state of the surface profile is difficult to analyze and describe from multiple indexes; (3) the device has the advantages of large limitation in the applicable field, weak anti-interference capability and weak universality, and mainly uses small indoor objects and small measuring range, and has fewer field measuring devices.

Disclosure of Invention

To the problem that exists, the utility model provides a portable rock mass structure face roughness profile measuring apparatu can realize the measurement to structure face trace elongation lt and fluctuation range RY in the measurement, can estimate rock mass structure face roughness coefficient JRC according to the quick direct measurement on-the-spot; drawing is not required to be drawn manually, measurement is convenient, measured values can be read directly, convenience and rapidness are achieved, and the problem of interference caused by stains or rainwater in the drawing mode can be effectively solved.

The utility model adopts the technical scheme that: a portable rock mass structure surface roughness profile measuring instrument comprises a handle 1 and a main box 2 which are connected, wherein the handle 1 is connected above the main box 2, the main box 2 is provided with a dial 9 and a dial 12, the dial 9 is positioned above the dial 12, the dial 9 is provided with a pointer 8, a return spring 10 is positioned at the left side of the dial 9, a pulley 7 is arranged on the main box 2 at the right side of the dial 9, a fixed pin 11 and a fixed valve 20 are respectively fixed on the dial 9 and the main box 2 at the left side of the dial 12, the left end of the return spring 10 is connected with the fixed pin 11, the right end is respectively connected with the pointer 8 and the end of a string 15, the string 15 passes through a cavity at the lower end of the dial 9 and then winds on the pulley 7, the upper end of the dial 12 is provided with a plurality of sleeves 18, a pressure spring 19 is arranged in each sleeve 18, a telescopic rod 14 is connected, the sleeve 18 is provided with a sliding groove 22 for the movable pin 17 to move up and down, the string 15 bypassing the pulley 7 sequentially penetrates through the movable pin 17 on each telescopic rod 14 from right to left and then is connected with the fixed valve 20, one end of each telescopic rod 14 contacting the undulating surface is provided with a contact 21, the parallel caliper 13 comprises an upper caliper and a lower caliper movably installed on the middle upper part of the dial 12, the movable pin 17 is positioned between the upper caliper and the lower caliper and drives the upper caliper and the lower caliper to move up and down, namely, the parallel caliper 13 generates undulation difference along with the undulation of the contact 21, the middle of the dial 12 is vertically provided with an undulation amplitude RY scale, the upper right corner is provided with a structural surface roughness JRC reference value-taking table, and.

Preferably, the dial plate 9, the dial plate 12, the fixing pin 11, the fixing valve 20 and the pulley 7 are all mounted on the main box 2 through fixing screws 6.

Preferably, the two pulleys 7 are provided, the pulley 7 at the upper end is positioned at the right side of the dial 9, and the pulley 7 at the lower end is positioned at the right side of the dial 12.

Preferably, both ends of each of the parallel calipers 13 are connected to the dial 12 by fixed springs.

Preferably, the main box 2 is fixed with line cards 16 at the front end, the rear end and the outlet end of the pulley 7 extending out of the dial 12, and the string 15 passes through the line cards 16.

Preferably, a safety shield 3 is detachably mounted below the main tank 2.

Preferably, the lower ends of the two sides of the main box 2 are respectively provided with a balance spring 5, and a balance plate 4 is connected below the balance springs 5.

The utility model has the advantages that:

(1) the instrument is light and handy, the measurement is convenient, and time and labor are saved;

(2) the design idea is simple, the manufacturing material is cheap and cheap, and instruments with different scales can be conveniently designed and manufactured;

(3) the measurement is quick, the numerical value can be directly read, and the estimation of the roughness coefficient JRC of the rock mass structural surface is quickly carried out;

(4) the device is convenient to use and operate, can adapt to different measuring environments, and has strong anti-interference capability;

(5) 2 important indexes describing the structural surface fluctuation state can be measured simultaneously, wherein the indexes are the elongation and fluctuation amplitude of a structural surface trace;

(6) the length of the measured undulating surface trace can be calculated according to the direct measurement result without carrying out a large amount of post-processing, so that the problem that the length of the profile curve trace is difficult to directly measure is solved;

drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the apparatus of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a profile curved surface contact conversion device of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a drawing transmission structure diagram of the contour undulating surface of the present invention;

fig. 4 shows the contour undulating surface transfer and conversion structure of the present invention.

The reference numbers in the figures are: the device comprises a handle-1, a main box-2, a safety shield-3, a balance plate-4, a balance spring 5, a fixed screw 6, a pulley-7, a pointer-8, a dial-9, a return spring-10, a fixed pin-11, a dial-12, a parallel caliper-13, a telescopic rod-14, a string-15, a line clamp 16, a movable pin-17, a sleeve-18, a pressure spring-19, a fixed valve-20, a contact-21 and a chute-22.

Detailed Description

The measuring method and the working principle of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents.

Example 1: as shown in fig. 1-4, a portable rock mass structure surface roughness profile measuring instrument comprises a handle 1 and a main box 2 which are connected, the handle 1 is connected above the main box 2, the main box 2 is provided with a dial 9 and a dial 12, the dial 9 is positioned above the dial 12, the dial 9 is provided with a pointer 8, a return spring 10 is positioned at the left side of the dial 9, a pulley 7 is arranged on the main box 2 at the right side of the dial 9, a fixed pin 11 and a fixed valve 20 are respectively fixed on the main box 2 at the left side of the dial 9 and the dial 12, the left end of the return spring 10 is connected with the fixed pin 11, the right end is respectively connected with the pointer 8 and the end of a thin rope 15, the thin rope 15 passes through a cavity at the lower end of the dial 9 and then winds on the pulley 7, the upper end of the dial 12 is provided with a plurality of sleeves 18, a pressure spring 19 is arranged in each sleeve 18, the pressure spring 19 is used for, each pressure spring 19 below is connected with a telescopic link 14, be fixed with convex activity round pin 17 on each telescopic link 14, be equipped with the spout 22 that supplies activity round pin 17 activity from top to bottom on the sleeve pipe 18, activity round pin 17 pulls string 15 motion, the string 15 that walks around pulley 7 passes in proper order from right to left behind the activity round pin 17 on each telescopic link 14 and is connected with standing valve 20, the one end that telescopic link 14 contacted the undulating surface is equipped with contact 21, activity round pin 17 and contact 21 produce the up-and-down motion simultaneously, parallel slide caliper 13 includes two upper and lower slide caliper rule of movable mounting in dial plate 12 middle and upper portion, activity round pin 17 is located between two upper and lower slide caliper rule and drives two upper and lower slide caliper rule up-and-down motion, the vertical range RY graduation apparatus that is equipped with in the middle of dial plate. The contact 21 is retracted up and down to drive the string 15 to fluctuate up and down, and the other end of the string is reflected as the change of the elongation lt in the scale 9; meanwhile, on the dial 12, the parallel caliper 13 generates fluctuation difference along with fluctuation of the contact 21, the corresponding profile fluctuation range RY can be directly read according to the parallel caliper 13, a reference value taking table corresponding to the roughness coefficient JRC is arranged on the other side of the dial 12, the roughness coefficient value of the rock mass structural surface can be estimated according to the measured value of the parallel caliper 13, and the roughness coefficient JRC can be directly read.

Compared with the existing roughness contourgraph, the manufacturing cost is lower, the equipment is light and handy, the measurement is convenient, the repeated measurement can be rapidly carried out, the rock mass structural surface roughness coefficient JRC can be rapidly estimated, the weather influence is avoided, two important indexes of the fluctuation range RY and the elongation lt of the fluctuation contour of the structural surface can be simultaneously measured, the field applicability is stronger, and the measurement of the field rock mass structural surface roughness coefficient is obviously superior.

Furthermore, the dial plate 9, the dial plate 12, the fixing pin 11, the fixed valve 20 and the pulley 7 are all installed on the main box 2 through the fixing screws 6, and the dial plate is simple in structure and convenient to install.

Further, the number of the pulleys 7 is two, the pulley 7 at the upper end is positioned on the right side of the dial 9, the pulley 7 at the lower end is positioned on the right side of the dial 12, and the upper pulley 7 and the lower pulley 7 enable the string 15 to float more stably.

Further, the both ends of every slide caliper rule in the parallel slide caliper rule 13 are all through fixed spring coupling on dial plate 12, can realize the free up-and-down motion of parallel slide caliper rule 13.

Preferably, the main box 2, the front end and the rear end of the pulley 7 and the outlet end extending out of the dial 12 are all fixed with line cards 16, the string 15 passes through the line cards 16, and the string 15 does not fall downwards through the line cards 16, so that the measurement is more accurate.

Furthermore, the lower part of the main box 2 can be detachably provided with a safety shield 3, and the safety shield is arranged at the outer end of the telescopic rod 14 and used for protecting the lower end of the telescopic rod 14 and preventing the telescopic rod from being affected with damp or broken by smashing.

Further, the lower ends of the two sides of the main box 2 are respectively provided with a balance spring 5, and a balance plate 4 is connected below the balance springs 5. Because the contact surface is fluctuated and variable, the pressing speed is slow through the regulation and control of the balance spring 5, and the stability of the whole instrument can be ensured.

The measuring method of the portable rock mass structural surface roughness profile measuring instrument comprises the following steps:

s1, removing the safety guard 3 at the lower end of the main box 2, and checking the reset state of the measuring surface: before initial measurement, one end of the telescopic rod 14, which is in contact with the rock wall surface, is kept to be linear, and the elongation lt scale value on the dial 9 is set to be 0; simultaneously observing whether the parallel caliper 13 is arranged at the 0 position of the RY scale of the fluctuation range;

s2, slightly pressing the equipment along the direction vertical to the structural plane after the handle 1 is held by hand, observing the balance bases 4, keeping the balance bases 4 on the two sides parallel, observing whether the parallel calipers 13 are positioned on the two sides of the 0 position, if not, slightly adjusting the balance bases 4, and transmitting the fluctuation contour of the wall surface to the dial 9 and the dial 12 through the contact 21; the flexible rod 14 is contacted with the undulating surface, the profile undulation reflects the undulation of the movable pin 17 and the thin rope 15, the movable pin 17 is connected with the thin rope 15, the trace of the profile surface can be visually obtained, the thin rope 15 is connected with the reset spring 10 at the upper end through the pulley 7, the larger the contact surface undulation difference is, the longer the elongation is, and the undulation state of the profile surface is reflected;

s3, keeping the constant force, reading the measurement value and making a data record: during measurement, the RY scale value corresponding to the parallel caliper 13 is read firstly, and when the parallel caliper 13 is ensured to be parallel and has a corresponding numerical value, the value of the elongation lt can be read;

s4, after the group of data is measured, the handle 1 is loosened, the reset states of the elongation lt and the parallel caliper 13 are observed, and a group of numerical values can be read when the reset values are 0;

s5, after the measurement is finished, the safety shield 3 is installed, and the telescopic rod 14 is prevented from being damaged;

s6, repeating the steps S1-S5, measuring for multiple times, measuring the same structural plane for more than 15-20 times, and simultaneously recording measurement data;

and S7, resetting the contact 21 after the measurement is finished, and mounting the safety shield 3 for the next use.

The technical conception of the utility model is as follows: the wall surface of the rock mass structural plane with fluctuation change is transmitted in a contact 21 mode, the contact 21 is connected with the thin rope 15 through the movable pin 17 on the telescopic rod 14, the up-and-down movement of the contact 21 reflects the up-and-down fluctuation of the contour surface, meanwhile, the thin rope 15 is pulled to extend or shorten, and the extension or shortening of the thin rope 15 can reflect the elongation change of the wall surface trace; meanwhile, the height fluctuation of the contact 21 drives the parallel caliper 13 to move up and down to measure the maximum fluctuation depth of the wall surface trace, and the direct and difficultly-measured trace length and the fluctuation depth of the wall surface trace are indirectly converted, so that the measurement of the elongation and fluctuation amplitude of the wall surface fluctuation trace is realized.

The utility model discloses a theory of operation is:

surface contour relief state switching system: the surface contour trace is transmitted to the center of the instrument in a fluctuation contact mode, fluctuation of a contact 21 and fluctuation of a thin rope 15 are transmitted simultaneously, the thin rope 15 is connected through a pulley 7, one end of the thin rope 15 is contacted through a return spring 10, a group of the thin rope 15 can be reset in time after measurement is completed, multiple times of measurement can be carried out, and the fluctuation state of the structural surface is converted into the elongation lt and fluctuation amplitude RY of the measurable fluctuation trace, so that the roughness characteristic and the fluctuation state of the rock structural surface can be described.

Through contact 21 and the direct contact of fluctuation structural plane, telescopic link 14 and compression spring 19 directly link to each other, and compression spring 19 that sets up can carry out automatic re-setting, guarantees simultaneously that every contact 21 and profile face closely laminate, improves measuring result's accuracy and reliability. In order to make up the defect that the pressure spring 19 has insufficient elasticity due to repeated use and improve the use effect of the instrument, the return spring 10 is specially arranged at the other end of the thin rope 15 to be used as a part for assisting in return, so that the long-term use precision of the instrument is improved, the return and measurement precision of the instrument are enabled to realize double insurance, and the service life of the instrument is prolonged. When the contact is difficult to reset due to long-term use, the reset spring 10 and the pressure spring 19 can be replaced, so that the method is convenient and quick, and the repeated utilization rate of the instrument is greatly improved.

Scale dial conversion: through the corresponding roughness ruler of the trace fluctuation range RY and the rock mass structure surface roughness coefficient JRC provided by a great amount of researches of predecessors, the rock mass structure surface roughness coefficient JRC corresponding to the fluctuation range RY measured at each time is set, the rock mass structure surface roughness coefficient can be directly estimated, the problem that the rock mass structure surface roughness coefficient can be measured and calculated by adopting a drawing method and needing post-processing is solved, and the measurement efficiency is greatly improved.

Handle end: the handle 1 end is arranged for convenient use, the measuring instrument can be directly pressed along the vertical direction of the structural plane to read the measuring result in real time, and the operation is convenient and fast.

During the measurement, take away safety guard 3, the condition of reseing of inspection telescopic link 14, observe parallel slide caliper rule 13 and pointer 8 and return 0 bit, before guaranteeing to measure telescopic link 14 all on a straight line, handheld handle 1 presses down the measuring apparatu along the direction of the structural plane direction of being surveyed of perpendicular to, reads elongation lt and the range value RY that fluctuates on the dial plate 12 simultaneously, makes the measurement record.

The utility model aims at providing a measuring instrument of on-spot rock mass structural plane roughness coefficient JRC and the rough state index of undulation of description wall (elongation lt and fluctuation range RY), improve on-the-spot structural plane undulation form index data acquisition rate, solve the limitation that traditional hand-painted contour trace method analysis structure surface roughness's method exists, reduce later stage contour trace line length processing time, improve work efficiency greatly. Meanwhile, the designed structure is simple, the use is convenient, the anti-interference capability is strong, the method is suitable for measuring the roughness indexes of the structural surface in different weathers and different environments, and the applicability is stronger. The utility model discloses a strong, convenient, the practical measuring instrument of interference killing feature can improve measurement of efficiency and measurement cost greatly.

Although the specific embodiments have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the present patent is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present patent within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. According to the utility model discloses the equivalent change that the scope was done adopts the design structure under the different yards all to come into the scope of protection.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a portable rock mass structural plane roughness profile measuring apparatu which characterized in that: comprises a handle (1), a main box (2) connected with the handle (1) is connected above the main box (2), a dial (9) and a dial (12) are installed on the main box (2), the dial (9) is positioned above the dial (12), a pointer (8) is arranged on the dial (9), a reset spring (10) is positioned on the left side of the dial (9), a pulley (7) is installed on the main box (2) on the right side of the dial (9), a fixed pin (11) and a fixed valve (20) are respectively fixed on the dial (9) and the main box (2) on the left side of the dial (12), the left side end of the reset spring (10) is connected with the fixed pin (11), the right side end is respectively connected with the pointer (8) and the end of a string (15), the string (15) passes through the cavity at the lower end of the dial (9) and then winds on the pulley (7), a plurality of sleeves (18), install a pressure spring (19) in every sleeve pipe (18), every pressure spring (19) below is connected with a telescopic link (14), be fixed with convex activity round pin (17) on every telescopic link (14), be equipped with spout (22) that supply activity round pin (17) to move up and down on sleeve pipe (18), the string (15) of walking around pulley (7) are connected with standing valve (20) after passing activity round pin (17) on every telescopic link (14) in proper order from the right side left side, telescopic link (14) contact relief surface's one end is equipped with contact (21), parallel slide caliper rule (13) are including two upper and lower slide caliper rules of movable mounting on dial plate (12) middle and upper portion, activity round pin (17) are located between two upper and lower slide caliper rules and drive two upper and lower up and down motion, vertically be equipped with fluctuation RY range graduation apparatus in the middle of dial plate (12), the upper right corner is equipped with structure roughness JRC and refers.

2. The portable rock mass structural plane roughness profile measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: the dial (9), the dial (12), the fixing pin (11), the fixing valve (20) and the pulley (7) are all installed on the main box (2) through the fixing screw (6).

3. The portable rock mass structural plane roughness profile measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of the pulleys (7) is two, the pulley (7) at the upper end is positioned on the right side of the dial (9), and the pulley (7) at the lower end is positioned on the right side of the dial (12).

4. The portable rock mass structural plane roughness profile measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two ends of each caliper in the parallel calipers (13) are connected to the dial (12) through fixed springs.

5. A portable rock mass structural plane roughness profile measuring instrument according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: on the main box (2), the front end and the rear end of the pulley (7) and the wire outlet end extending out of the dial (12) are fixed with wire clamps (16), and the thin rope (15) penetrates through the wire clamps (16).

6. The portable rock mass structural plane roughness profile measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower part of the main box (2) can be detached and is provided with a safety shield (3).

7. The portable rock mass structural plane roughness profile measuring instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that: balance springs (5) are respectively installed at the lower ends of the two sides of the main box (2), and a balance plate (4) is connected below the balance springs (5).

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